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Download (Pdf) ANNUAL REVIEW 2020–2021 VOL. 39 ISSN: 1392-5504 Lithuanian Foreign Policy Review H.E. Valdas Adamkus, Former President of Lithuania on Lithuania’s Eastern Policy H.E. Aleksander Kwaśniewski, Former President of Poland on Polish-Lithuanian Relations Nobel Laureate Robert J. Shiller on the Global Economy During the Pandemic Ambassador Audra Plepytė on the UN’s 75th Anniversary Patrick Keller on Germany’s Role in Deterrence in NATO’s Northeast Chris Miller on the Implications of the U.S. Presidential Election Lithuanian Foreign Policy Review 3 Policy Lithuanian Foreign EDITOR-IN-CHIEF: Linas Kojala COVER DESIGN: Fausta Mikutaitė LAYOUT: Ieva Makarevičė A NOTE FROM PUBLISHER Linas Kojala, Director of Eastern Europe Studies Centre (EESC), is Editor-in- Chief. EESC is a nongovernmental, non-profit think-tank established in Vilnius, THE EDITOR Lithuania, in 2006. It aims to analyze political and economic processes in Eastern Europe and beyond. EESC partners include European Commission, the NATO Science for Peace and Security Programme, National Endowment for It is a privilege to serve as the Ed- This issue places a heavy empha- This publication would not have Democracy, USAID, CEPA, the Foreign Policy Research Institute and others. itor-in-Chief of Lithuanian Foreign sis on the topic of mass protests in been possible without our friends Policy Review (LFPR) for the third Belarus. Laurynas Jonavičius from and partners. I am extremely year. The aim of the annual journal Vilnius University looks at Lithu- happy that the Ministry of Foreign EDITORIAL STAFF is to provide insights on the most ania’s position to events taking Affairs of Lithuania remains a key Rytis Paulauskas, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Lithuania pressing challenges for Lithuanian place in this neighboring country partner, providing support while Margarita Šešelgytė, Vilnius University foreign and security policy, as that was not perceived as being ensuring editorial independence. Andžej Pukšto, Vytautas Magnus University well as to discuss global develop- on the brick of significant changes Konrad Adenauer Stiftung and the ments. We are grateful for the at the start of 2020. The issue of U.S. Embassy in Lithuania contin- exceptionally positive response to Belarus is also touched upon in ue to engage in our partnership; MAIN PARTNER previous editions of the journal we articles by well-known American these contributions have been Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Lithuania have received both from decision- authors, Daniel Fried and David A. essential in making this current makers and the expert community. Andelman, who analyze how the issue of LFPR as far-reaching as it PARTNERS global role of the US has evolved is. I am thankful for my colleagues 2020 is an extremely arduous through the years of Donald at the Eastern Europe Studies The Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung (KAS) is a German political foundation, which year on many fronts. Hence, Trump. Finally, with Joe Biden set Center for their help. is in charge of projects in more than 120 countries. The KAS also cooperates the year’s international group of to take over, Chris Miller looks at Finally, Ambassador Rytis in the publication of the Lithuanian Foreign Policy Review by supporting the authors with diverse backgrounds the aftermath of the election and Paulauskas, Margarita Šešelgytė, journal’s printing and distribution. and areas of expertise have at- the future dilemmas for the Demo- Director at Institute of International tempted to shed at least some cratic presidency. light on the essential develop- Relations and Political Science, US Embassy in Lithuania ments. This enables the journal I am also happy that the publica- Vilnius University and Andžej E M A I B N A A S U SY H tion is full of well-known names V IT ILNIUS, L US Embassy in Lithuania has supported the US experts contributing to this to provide a variety of views and Pukšto, an Associate Professor year's publication. delve deeper into multiple topics. and experienced experts. Audra at Vytautas Magnus University, Plepytė, the Permanent Represen- formed a great Editorial Board, LFPR is honored that two former tative of Lithuania to the United to whom I extend my warmest ISSN: 1392-5504 heads of state – former President Nations, shares her thoughts on thanks. © LFPR, 2020–2021 of Lithuania Valdas Adamkus the United Nations and its 75th Please do not hesitate to share Vol. 39 and former President of Poland anniversary. Different aspects of LFPR with your friends, colleagues All of the images in the present edition hold a permission from the source for a Aleksander Kwaśniewski – gave security are covered by Vytautas exclusive interviews on bilateral and partners! non-commercial reuse. Keršanskas, who argues for the Lithuanian-Polish relations, as well need to develop better knowledge Sincerely, as on the future of the Eastern on dealing with the issue of hybrid http://www.lfpr.lt LINAS KOJALA Partnership policy. Both presidents threats. Patrick Keller weighs in http://www.eesc.lt emphasized the common inter- on German security policy and ests, as well as personal friend- its presence in the Baltic States. ships, that bind Lithuania and Other contributions are also wor- Poland more than ever before. thy of reader attention. Lithuanian Foreign Policy Review 5 Policy Lithuanian Foreign VALDAS ADAMKUS served as the President of the VALDAS ADAMKUS: Republic of Lithuania from 1998 to 2003 and again from 2004 to TABLE OF 2009. During his years in exile, SOONER OR LATER, spent in the USA, he served as a regional administrator of the fifth region of the United States En- THE SPIRIT OF FREEDOM vironmental Protection Agency and was actively engaged in the CONTENTS WILL PREVAIL IN BELARUS fight for the cause of freedom of Lithuania from occupation by the Soviet Union. CONVERSATIONS 05 VALDAS ADAMKUS: Sooner or Later, the Spirit of Freedom will Prevail in Belarus I still have hope to ALEKSANDER KWAŚNIEWSKI: Lithuania is a Key Strategic Partner of Poland 07 see new highways 11 ROBERT J. SHILLER on Global Economy during the Pandemic: and railways built Fortunately, Lithuania is a Part of the EU in the near future, CONVERSATIONS meeting modern ANALYSIS standards, for our 13 AUDRA PLEPYTĖ. UN at 75. Challenging the Past and Future countries to be con- 16 DAVID A. ANDELMAN. Covid Leaves Putin Undeterred nected by energy networks, pipelines, 21 DR. CHRIS MILLER. Biden’s European Policy Dilemmas modern telecommu- 24 DANIEL FRIED. US Leadership Post-Coronavirus nication channels. It's been 20 years 27 DR. PATRICK KELLER. Rock Solid: Germany’s Role in Deterrence and Defense now, but these links in NATO’s North-East have not been fin- 30 DR. ANDREAS VON GEHLEN. 30 years of German Unity – 30 years NATO ished yet. IMAGE: Adamkus accepted the award from the hands of Poland's for- Enlargement to the East mer foreign minister Anna Fotyga (© R. Dačkus/Lithuanian President‘s Speech by Adamkus in Au- 33 JAMES SHERR. The Paradox of Russia’s Decline Chancellery) gust, 2020. Former President of Lithaunia was presented 36 DR. LAURYNAS JONAVIČIUS. What will History Books say about the EU and with Lech Kaczyński Pro- metheus Award for his efforts Lukashenko in Light of the Crisis in Belarus? During his two terms as the Presi- the national level but also defended to further regional cooper- dent of Lithuania (1998 through the cause of freedom wherever it 41 VYTAUTAS KERŠANSKAS. Countering Hybrid Threats: In Search of a More ation 2003 and 2004 thorough 2009), was only beginning to emerge. Strategic Approach Valdas Adamkus became known It was these very topics that Adam- for his close attention to Central CONFERENCE OVERVIEW kus sat down to discuss with Linas your key foreign policy priorities. and Eastern Europe, relations with 45 Dealing with the Trauma of an Undigested Past Kojala, the editor of the Lithuanian While in office, you had some Poland, and countries like Ukraine Foreign Policy Review, just before 40 bilateral meetings with your and Georgia. He has remained the President’s 94th birthday. counterpart, President Aleksander committed to these issues since, Kwaśniewski alone, whom we and is remembered to this day, – I would like to ask you about the also interviewed for this Lithuanian internationally, as a leader who not relationship between Lithuania and Foreign Policy Review issue. There Lithuanian Foreign Policy Review 4 Policy Lithuanian Foreign only strengthened democracy at Poland, as this used to be one of has recently been a yet-another warming of bilateral relations, but We ought to maintain close ties – We have been hearing fears that Review 7 Policy Lithuanian Foreign over the last decade, the two with our eastern neighbours. The the attitude of the United States ALEKSANDER KWAŚNIEWSKI, countries have also had their share Maidan Revolution opened new towards Europe is changing. Ameri- is the former President of the of tensions and disagreements. opportunities for Ukraine in terms cans no longer want to pay all that ALEKSANDER KWAŚNIEWSKI: Republic of Poland (1995–2005). of joining the Western world and much attention to Europe and instead Until November 2013, President – This had been due to a sincere implementing democratic prin- prefer to focus on domestic issues or Kwaśniewski co-lead the assessment of the political situa- LITHUANIA IS A KEY ciples. However, this exam has China. In your opinion, will the United European Parliament monitoring tion at the time. Poland fully un- mission in Ukraine to monitor yet to be passed. Perhaps Ukraine States turn away from Europe? derstands the period of the Soviet the criminal cases against Yulia still needs to shake off the eco- STRATEGIC PARTNER occupation, the crimes against – The US Administration’s policy Tymoshenko, Yuriy Lutsenko and nomic remains of the Soviet dicta- towards Europe has changed, and Valeriy Ivaschenko.
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