The Great Commanders of the Ancient World 1479Bc - 453Ad Pdf, Epub, Ebook

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Great Commanders of the Ancient World 1479Bc - 453Ad Pdf, Epub, Ebook THE GREAT COMMANDERS OF THE ANCIENT WORLD 1479BC - 453AD PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Andrew Roberts | 432 pages | 17 May 2016 | Quercus Publishing | 9780857381958 | English | London, United Kingdom The Great Commanders of the Ancient World 1479BC - 453AD PDF Book You are commenting using your WordPress. How was Alexander the Great able to command sufficient loyalty from his troops to lead them across half of the Asian landmass in search of new territories to conquer? A master of logistics, in 10 short years he crossed the ancient world, conquering an empire that stretched from the Adriatic Sea to the Indus River in India; and from the Danube River to the upper-reaches of the Nile. No doubt great military leaders will arise in the future. Andrew Roberts : We found 62 results. Philip II of Macedon. May 25, at pm. To adjust to changing circumstances requires a mind receptive to new ideas and open to new possibilities. He has done that before and repeatedly, on a variety of subjects. Chrome On the Control button top right of browser , select Settings from dropdown. He fought but eventually came to agreement with Chandragupta Maurya, the great Indian leader; giving-up the Punjab in return for war elephants. Personally leading his men on the perilous route, Thutmose had his mounted scouts, armed for the first time with composite bows, take out any guards posted by the enemy. The Egyptian army, too, met its death in the wars against the Hyksos for the same reasons, by employing an existing successful military system in radically changed circumstances. YES I have read and consent to Hachette Australia using my personal information or data as set out in its Privacy Policy and I understand I have the right to withdraw my consent at any time. Whatever the true reason, the Huns were now inside the Empire, burning, looting and killing large numbers of civilians. If the great commanders of the past excelled at anything, it was their ability not to become victims of unanticipated change. How did Henry V of England achieve victory at Agincourt for the loss of a few hundred of his men, when the mounted French knights suffered casualties in the thousands? Carl Gnam. He seldom failed in any of his undertakings; and his generalship was marked by a mix of boldness tempered with caution. The best Carthaginian commander of the First Punic War; after which he saved Carthage from destruction at the hands of her own rebellious mercenaries. By the time Sargon came to the throne, Assyria had been a nation for years, and the empire was already more than two centuries old. Leave a Reply Cancel reply Enter your comment here And he could have been so much more, says John Man. But conquest would bring challenges of a different order. Everything from new foods to new musical instruments flowed into Egypt, along with new ideas about everything from religion to political legitimacy. To the very end, his army largely mercenaries with no national tie to bind them stayed loyal and followed wherever the master led. Pompey the Great 1 st century BC Roman commander of great stature, who cleared the Mediterranean of pirate infestation; ended the civil war in Spain; achieved final victory in the Mithridatic War; and annexed the remnants of the Seleucid Kingdom into the Roman Empire. Great leaders, at heart, are still men and women—however much their people may hope in darkest times that they are divine. Hannibal, too, saw his military campaign against Rome as the vehicle for creating a new world order in which states of relatively equal military and economic power coexisted in relative harmony. War is rarely a predictable enterprise--it is a mess of luck, chance, and incalculable variables. Hannibal Barca. In stock online. There is always danger in taking risks, but, as the great commander understands instinctively, the greater danger lies in doing nothing. Learning from the Carthaginian master, he took these lessons and applied them to the heretofore unimaginative Romans of his day. Stirring portraits of five commanders whose dynamic leadership changed the course of war and history by prominent military historian Victor Davis Hanson. Here Attila, dressed simply and without ornament, sat on a raised couch at the head of the company. Visit the Australia site Continue on UK site. As accessible and informative as it is rigorous and scholarly, Great Commanders of the Ancient World is the perfect introduction to its subject for the layperson - but also a stimulating and thought-provoking read for those with greater knowledge of military history. Gabriel does plead a great case for his inclusions and omissions. Attila the Hun c— was the leader of the ancient nomadic people known as the Huns from to AD and ruler of the Hunnic Empire. You must have JavaScript enabled in your browser to utilize the functionality of this website. Among the revolutionary leaders of the nondemocratic states of the early 20th century—Lenin, Stalin, Mao, and Hitler —only Mao had ever been a field general and not a very good one at that. In the event, having taken a dozen cities in the Po valley, the Huns were stopped by disease and famine, not by military defeat, and returned to Hungary for the last time. The mantle fits March 20, at pm. Adopted as his heir by the aged and peaceful Nerva, Trajan annexed Nabataea and waged two campaigns to conquer Dacia. Possibly, their ancestors were a people called the Xiongnu — Hun-nu in Mongolian — who ruled a sizeable empire in Mongolia for years, until China broke them apart in the second century AD. Yet given what he achieved, it is hard to understand why, says John Man. Why did the Axis lose? The Great Commanders of the Ancient World 1479BC - 453AD Writer They need it more than me. View Results. Herodotus nd Homer also deserve place in list if Thucydides. The Roman armies that fought Hannibal, for example, were defeated repeatedly because their commanders employed them as they were designed to be employed, while Hannibal fought in a completely different way. Aemilius Paullus Macedonicus. Hannibal was undoubtedly a great general and defeated the Romans time and again, but was unable to affect a final strategic victory, and was eventually defeated by Scipio himself, saw his beloved Carthage humbled, and died by suicide in exile. Perhaps the most basic lesson to be taken from the study the great captains of antiquity is the knowledge that the great captains yet to come will be both as remarkable and as recognizably human as those who came before. Most of these men died violently, or at least prematurely, and most of their achievements rapidly crumbled to dust. Third Army Eighth Air Force. He was a tactical innovator of the first order, responsible for many of the military trends that followed. He defeated the best Macedonian army to take the field since the age of Alexander and the Diadochi, and made it look easy! Paperback French. Rui rated it it was amazing Aug 24, His military genius propelled the hitherto insignificant clans of the Persia to dominion; creating the greatest Middle Eastern-based empire of antiquity. Aemilius Paullus Macedonicus The conqueror of Liguria and Macedonia, he commanded with a sure and calm hand. While in the senior school, he got bullied and took refuge in the library where he first embraced Trotskyism, and later Thatcherism. Salisbury: Victorian Titan Paperback. Of course Agrippa was a skilled naval commander. By continuing to use this website, you agree to their use. But their dramatic feats of leadership are vital slices of history--not merely as stirring military narrative, but as lessons on the dynamic nature of consensus, leadership, and destiny. All is vanity. Great leaders share the dangers of their troops and take pains to be seen doing so by their men. Scipio demonstrated an air of quiet calm and dignity that gave his soldiers confidence. In stock online Available in stores. He has never once abandoned the latter. January 9, at pm. Readers also enjoyed. Seven are Greek or Macedonian , with Alexander taking the top-spot; and his father coming in at number 5. There is something very appealing, and quite romantic, about little democratic Greek city states taking on and defeating the massive Persian Empire, and I don't think it's an exaggeration to describe these events as epochal in European history. The chapter on Maccabeus, on the other hand, was excellent and provided a great introduction to the Maccabean revolt against the ruling Seleucid empire and the establishment of the Jewish Hasmonean kingdom - the last period of Jewish independence for more than two thousand years. Given command of Roman forces in Africa during the Third Punic War, he succeeded in capturing and destroying Carthage when previous commanders had been stymied. The Great Commanders of the Ancient World 1479BC - 453AD Reviews It is one thing to conceive of great things, quite another to attempt them and succeed. It looks like you are located in Australia or New Zealand Close. And when they do, it is a virtual certainty that their achievements will be marked by the same passion, sense of adventure, and personal experience that marked their emergence in the past. The great captains were all well-educated men, formally trained by the educational establishments of their times. Napoleon and Wellington. Without great challenges, leadership is confined to a narrower scope of events and concerns. Earthquake damages the walls of Constantinople. Great captains arise when there are great challenges to be dealt with, or when social turmoil loosens the constraints that guide the exercise of power in normal times.
Recommended publications
  • Hadrian and the Greek East
    HADRIAN AND THE GREEK EAST: IMPERIAL POLICY AND COMMUNICATION DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Demetrios Kritsotakis, B.A, M.A. * * * * * The Ohio State University 2008 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Professor Fritz Graf, Adviser Professor Tom Hawkins ____________________________ Professor Anthony Kaldellis Adviser Greek and Latin Graduate Program Copyright by Demetrios Kritsotakis 2008 ABSTRACT The Roman Emperor Hadrian pursued a policy of unification of the vast Empire. After his accession, he abandoned the expansionist policy of his predecessor Trajan and focused on securing the frontiers of the empire and on maintaining its stability. Of the utmost importance was the further integration and participation in his program of the peoples of the Greek East, especially of the Greek mainland and Asia Minor. Hadrian now invited them to become active members of the empire. By his lengthy travels and benefactions to the people of the region and by the creation of the Panhellenion, Hadrian attempted to create a second center of the Empire. Rome, in the West, was the first center; now a second one, in the East, would draw together the Greek people on both sides of the Aegean Sea. Thus he could accelerate the unification of the empire by focusing on its two most important elements, Romans and Greeks. Hadrian channeled his intentions in a number of ways, including the use of specific iconographical types on the coinage of his reign and religious language and themes in his interactions with the Greeks. In both cases it becomes evident that the Greeks not only understood his messages, but they also reacted in a positive way.
    [Show full text]
  • Hunnic Warfare in the Fourth and Fifth Centuries C.E.: Archery and the Collapse of the Western Roman Empire
    HUNNIC WARFARE IN THE FOURTH AND FIFTH CENTURIES C.E.: ARCHERY AND THE COLLAPSE OF THE WESTERN ROMAN EMPIRE A Thesis Submitted to the Committee of Graduate Studies in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in the Faculty of Arts and Science. TRENT UNIVERSITY Peterborough, Ontario, Canada © Copyright by Laura E. Fyfe 2016 Anthropology M.A. Graduate Program January 2017 ABSTRACT Hunnic Warfare in the Fourth and Fifth Centuries C.E.: Archery and the Collapse of the Western Roman Empire Laura E. Fyfe The Huns are one of the most misunderstood and mythologized barbarian invaders encountered by the Roman Empire. They were described by their contemporaries as savage nomadic warriors with superior archery skills, and it is this image that has been written into the history of the fall of the Western Roman Empire and influenced studies of Late Antiquity through countless generations of scholarship. This study examines evidence of Hunnic archery, questions the acceptance and significance of the “Hunnic archer” image, and situates Hunnic archery within the context of the fall of the Western Roman Empire. To achieve a more accurate picture of the importance of archery in Hunnic warfare and society, this study undertakes a mortuary analysis of burial sites associated with the Huns in Europe, a tactical and logistical study of mounted archery and Late Roman and Hunnic military engagements, and an analysis of the primary and secondary literature. Keywords: Archer, Archery, Army, Arrow, Barbarian, Bow, Burial Assemblages, Byzantine, Collapse, Composite Bow, Frontier, Hun, Logistics, Migration Period, Roman, Roman Empire, Tactics, Weapons Graves ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would first like to thank my thesis advisor, Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Teachers' Pay in Ancient Greece
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Papers from the University Studies series (The University of Nebraska) University Studies of the University of Nebraska 5-1942 Teachers' Pay In Ancient Greece Clarence A. Forbes Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/univstudiespapers Part of the Arts and Humanities Commons This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the University Studies of the University of Nebraska at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Papers from the University Studies series (The University of Nebraska) by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Teachers' Pay In Ancient Greece * * * * * CLARENCE A. FORBES UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA STUDIES Ma y 1942 STUDIES IN THE HUMANITIES NO.2 Note to Cataloger UNDER a new plan the volume number as well as the copy number of the University of Nebraska Studies was discontinued and only the numbering of the subseries carried on, distinguished by the month and the year of pu blica tion. Thus the present paper continues the subseries "Studies in the Humanities" begun with "University of Nebraska Studies, Volume 41, Number 2, August 1941." The other subseries of the University of Nebraska Studies, "Studies in Science and Technology," and "Studies in Social Science," are continued according to the above plan. Publications in all three subseries will be supplied to recipients of the "University Studies" series. Corre­ spondence and orders should be addressed to the Uni­ versity Editor, University of Nebraska, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Studies May 1942 TEACHERS' PAY IN ANCIENT GREECE * * * CLARENCE A.
    [Show full text]
  • Reshaping East Roman Diplomacy with Barbarians During the 5Th Century
    Chapter 1 From Hegemony to Negotiation: Reshaping East Roman Diplomacy with Barbarians during the 5th Century Audrey Becker Introduction During the first half of the 4th century ad, thanks to their military power, the Romans had been giving the barbarian tribes bordering the Danube and the Rhine no choice but to accept the conclusion of deditio after losing the war, leav- ing them in a very humiliating position.1 Yet, the military and political events of the second half of the 4th century ad, and even more of the 5th century ad, led the Romans to reconsider their relationship with the barbarian tribes.2 The characteristics of diplomatic relationship changed even before the defeat at Andrinople in 378, because the barbarian tribes, in the middle of the 4th cen- tury, gradually became able to restore the balance of power, leading the Eastern Roman Empire to reconsider its relations with its barbarian neighbours. This compelled the Byzantine Empire, from the end of the 4th century onward, to take into account barbarian leaders or kings who became, at that time, real dip- lomatic actors playing, of necessity, with formal rules of diplomatic protocol to 1 For instance, Constantinus with the Sarmatians in 323: Zosimus, Historia Nova 2.21.3, ed.Paschoud (Paris, 2000), p. 92; Julian in 358 with the Alemanni kings Suomarius and Hor- tarius: Ammianus Marcellinus, Res Gestae 17.10.3, ed. Sabbah (Paris, 1989), p. 64; Ammianus Marcellinus 17.10.9, p. 66; Constantius ii, in 358 as well, with the kings of the Sarmatians and Quadi: Ammianus Marcellinus 17.12.9–16, pp.
    [Show full text]
  • 33 Hungarian Histories
    Miklós M. Molnár 33 HUNGARIAN HISTORIES HUNGARIAN IDENTITY THROUGH PORTRAITS www.CatchBudapest.com Table of Contents Preface ........................................................................................ 5 How to Read this Book (Preface by the Author) ............................. 6 In Search of Roots ....................................................................... 8 Attila the Hun, Our Hun ............................................................................. 9 Chief Árpád, The Founding Father ............................................................ 13 Sándor Kőrösi-Csoma, Seeking Hungarian roots, founding Tibetology .... 16 Ármin Vámbéry, The Dervish in Disguise ................................................. 19 Nation Builders ......................................................................... 23 Mátyás, The King in Disguise ................................................................... 24 István Széchenyi, The Greatest of the Magyars ........................................ 28 Albert Apponyi, The Architect of Trianon ................................................ 32 Mihály Károlyi, The Red Count ................................................................ 36 Anna Kéthly, A Friend of Social Justice, a Thorn in the Side of Politicians ................................................................................................. 40 László Rajk, The Man who was Buried Three Times ................................ 43 Voices .......................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Things Fall Apart
    ChurchChurch HistoryHistory ChurchChurch HistoryHistory IntroductionIntroduction toto ChurchChurch HistoryHistory st rd TheThe AncientAncient ChurchChurch AD 11st-3-3rd centuriescenturies th th TheThe RiseRise ofof ChristendomChristendom AD 44th-5-5th centuriescenturies th th TheThe EarlyEarly MiddleMiddle AgesAges AD 66th-10-10th centuriescenturies th th TheThe AgeAge ofof CrusadesCrusades AD 1111th-13-13th centuriescenturies th th TheThe RenaissanceRenaissance AD 1414th-15-15th centuriescenturies th ConquestConquest andand ReformationReformation AD 1616th centurycentury th th TheThe AgeAge ofof EnlightenmentEnlightenment AD 1717th-18-18th centuriescenturies th TheThe AgeAge ofof RevolutionRevolution AD 1919th centurycentury th TheThe ModernModern AgeAge AD 2020th centurycentury st TheThe PostmodernPostmodern AgeAge AD 2121st centurycentury ChurchChurch HistoryHistory IntroductionIntroduction toto ChurchChurch HistoryHistory st rd TheThe AncientAncient ChurchChurch AD 11st-3-3rd centuriescenturies th th TheThe RiseRise ofof ChristendomChristendom AD 44th-5-5th centuriescenturies Constantine: The Thirteenth Apostle The First Ecumenical Council The Constantinian Line The Establishment of Christendom The Second Ecumenical Council Fathers of the New Church Things Fall Apart... TheThe RiseRise ofof ChristendomChristendom TheThe FallFall ofof thethe RomanRoman EmpireEmpire tooktook aa whilewhile 410410 AlaricAlaric andand hishis VisigothsVisigoths sackedsacked RomeRome ItIt waswas aa horrifichorrific threethree days,days, butbut thenthen itit
    [Show full text]
  • Roman Life in Cyrenaica in the Fourth Century As Shown in the Letters of Synesius, Bishop of Ptolemais
    920 T3ee H. C. Thory Roman Life in Cyrenaica in the Fourth Century as Shown in the Letters of 5y nesius, , Si shop of Ptolernais ROMAN LIFE IN CYRENAICA IN THE FOURTH CENTURY AS SHOWN IN THE LETTERS OF SYNESIUS, BISHOP OF PTOLEMAIS BY t HANS CHRISTIAN THORY THESIS FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF ARTS WITH HONORS IN CLASSICS COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS 1920 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS June 7 20 , 19* THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT THE THESIS PREPARED UNDER MY SUPERVISION BY Chrifti^„.T^ i2[ H^.s.v t : , , ROMAN LIFE IN CYRENAICA IN THE FOURTH CENTURY ENE Af*111rvi'T TLEDT?rt A? SHOWN IN THE LETTERS OF SYNESIUS, BISHOP OF PTQLEMAIS IS APPROVED BY ME AS FULFILLING THIS PART OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF ^3 Instructor in Charge Approved HEAD OF DEPARTMENT OF ,£M?STCS. CONTENTS Page I. Cyrenaica: the Country and its Hiatory 1 II. The Barbarian Invasions.. 5 III. Government: Military and Civil 8 IV. The Church 35 V. Organization of Society 34 VI. Agriculture Country Life 37 vii, Glimpses of City Life the Cities 46 VIII. Commerce Travel — Communication 48 IX. Language — • Education Literature Philosophy Science Art 57 X. Position of Women Types of Men 68 Bibliography 71 ********** 1 ROMAN LIFE IN CYRENAICA IN THE FOURTH CENTURY AS SHOWN IN THE LETTERS OF SYNESIUS, BISHOP OF PT0LEMAI8 I CYRENAICA: THE COUNTRY AND ITS HISTORY The Roman province of Cyrenaioa occupied the region now called Barca, in the northeastern part of Tripoli, extending eaet from the Greater Syrtis a distance of about 20C miles, and south from the Mediterranean Sea a distance of 70 to 80 miles.
    [Show full text]
  • Attila the Hun: a Barbarian King and the Fall of Rome Free
    FREE ATTILA THE HUN: A BARBARIAN KING AND THE FALL OF ROME PDF John Man | 416 pages | 17 Apr 2006 | Transworld Publishers Ltd | 9780553816587 | English | London, United Kingdom Attila The Hun: Who Was The “Scourge Of God” Who Terrorised The Romans? - HistoryExtra Attila the Hun c— was the leader of the ancient nomadic people known as the Huns from to AD and ruler of the Hunnic Empire. He was a Attila the Hun: A Barbarian King and the Fall of Rome warlord and an astute politician, keeping a diverse confederation of tribes together for decades. He was also a successful crime lord, extorting money from his enemies with a ruthlessness that exceeded any later mafia don, says Miles Russell. Unfortunately we know very little of the man himself, for the Huns failed to write their own version of history. Born into Hunnic aristocracy early in the fifth century, Attila and his elder brother Bleda were nephews of King Rugila. The Huns were a nomadic, pastoralist society who, from the fourth century AD, had been migrating west towards the Roman Empire. Growing up, Bleda and Attila would have learnt to ride almost as soon as they could walk. They would also have been trained as archers, for the Huns were renowned for being able to dispatch arrows with great accuracy from horseback in battle. He was certainly known to have had many wives, polygamy helping to bind the Hunnic clans together. When King Rugila died inhe was succeeded by his nephews. Inhowever, Bleda was dead. Yet given what he achieved, it is hard to understand why, says John Man.
    [Show full text]
  • College of Letters 1
    College of Letters 1 Kari Weil BA, Cornell University; MA, Princeton University; PHD, Princeton University COLLEGE OF LETTERS University Professor of Letters; University Professor, Environmental Studies; The College of Letters (COL) is a three-year interdisciplinary major for the study University Professor, College of the Environment; University Professor, Feminist, of European literature, history, and philosophy, from antiquity to the present. Gender, and Sexuality Studies; Co-Coordinator, Animal Studies During these three years, students participate as a cohort in a series of five colloquia in which they read and discuss (in English) major literary, philosophical, and historical texts and concepts drawn from the three disciplinary fields, and AFFILIATED FACULTY also from monotheistic religious traditions. Majors are invited to think critically about texts in relation to their contexts and influences—both European and non- Ulrich Plass European—and in relation to the disciplines that shape and are shaped by those MA, University of Michigan; PHD, New York University texts. Majors also become proficient in a foreign language and study abroad Professor of German Studies; Professor, Letters to deepen their knowledge of another culture. As a unique college within the University, the COL has its own library and workspace where students can study together, attend talks, and meet informally with their professors, whose offices VISITING FACULTY surround the library. Ryan Fics BA, University of Manitoba; MA, University of Manitoba; PHD, Emory
    [Show full text]
  • Nominalia of the Bulgarian Rulers an Essay by Ilia Curto Pelle
    Nominalia of the Bulgarian rulers An essay by Ilia Curto Pelle Bulgaria is a country with a rich history, spanning over a millennium and a half. However, most Bulgarians are unaware of their origins. To be honest, the quantity of information involved can be overwhelming, but once someone becomes invested in it, he or she can witness a tale of the rise and fall, steppe khans and Christian emperors, saints and murderers of the three Bulgarian Empires. As delving deep in the history of Bulgaria would take volumes upon volumes of work, in this essay I have tried simply to create a list of all Bulgarian rulers we know about by using different sources. So, let’s get to it. Despite there being many theories for the origin of the Bulgars, the only one that can show a historical document supporting it is the Hunnic one. This document is the Nominalia of the Bulgarian khans, dating back to the 8th or 9th century, which mentions Avitohol/Attila the Hun as the first Bulgarian khan. However, it is not clear when the Bulgars first joined the Hunnic Empire. It is for this reason that all the Hunnic rulers we know about will also be included in this list as khans of the Bulgars. The rulers of the Bulgars and Bulgaria carry the titles of khan, knyaz, emir, elteber, president, and tsar. This list recognizes as rulers those people, who were either crowned as any of the above, were declared as such by the people, despite not having an official coronation, or had any possession of historical Bulgarian lands (in modern day Bulgaria, southern Romania, Serbia, Albania, Macedonia, and northern Greece), while being of royal descent or a part of the royal family.
    [Show full text]
  • Bowl Round 5 – MIDDLE SCHOOL First Quarter
    IHBB Beta Bowl 2018-2019 Bowl Round 5 Bowl Round 5 – MIDDLE SCHOOL First Quarter (1) Henry Jennings was one of many of these people who based their forces in Port Royal. A famous leader of these people, Edward Teach, renamed a captured merchant vessel the Queen Anne’s Revenge. For ten points, name this occupation of Blackbeard and other seafaring criminals. ANSWER: pirates (2) This monarch tried to force Scotland to give up Queen Mary in marriage to his son in the War of the Rough Wooing. This king executed his advisor Thomas More and effectively replaced him with the author of the Book of Common Prayer, Thomas Cranmer, because More did not attend the coronation of Anne Boleyn. For ten points, name this English king who ordered the executions of two of his six wives. ANSWER: Henry VIII of England (prompt on Henry) (3) The Bodhnath Stupa is a major landmark in this country’s capital, where Gurkha soldiers have been recruited for decades. Kangchenjunga is located on this country’s border with the Indian state of Sikkim, and climbers of it and other mountains have helped develop this country’s tourism industry. For ten points, name this country whose border with China is home to Mount Everest. ANSWER: Nepal (4) This leader’s policies helped put the SEAT 600 automobile into mass production, leading to his country’s economic “miracle.” This leader saw action in the Rif War and eventually became the leader of the Falange party. Juan Carlos I succeeded this man, whose forces were supported by the Condor Legion during a 1930s civil war.
    [Show full text]
  • THE EMPIRE of the STEPPES a History of Central Asia
    THE EMPIRE OF THE STEPPES A History of Central Asia , RENE GROUSSET Translated from the French by Naomi Walford RUTGERS UNIVERSITY PRESS New Brunswick, New Jersey, and London Foreword Attila and the Huns, Jenghiz Khan and the Mongols, Tamerlane and the Golden Horde-these almost legendary names are familiar to the educated layman. Unquestionably, he has also read of the Hungarians, and the Bulgars, and the Ottoman Turks. If he has an interest in ancient history, he may have an acquaintance with the Cimmerians, the Scythians, even the Sarmatians. He may have heard also of the Avars and the Khazars. But it is improbable that he will know of the Onogurs, Kutrigurs, and Utrigurs-Bulgar tribes to be encountered in the steppes of southern Russia-or the Pechenegs, Cumans, and Uzes, the last-named related to the Seljuk and Ottoman Turks. These were all nomads, peoples of the vast steppes of Asia and Russia, and a major force in history. Their historical significance lies not so much in the empires they established, empires which in most instances and certainly in the steppes proved ephemeral. Rather, it was the pressures of their movements eastward and westward, brought to bear on China, Persia, India, and Europe, which substantially affected the historical development of these lands. The early history of the steppe nomads is shrouded in obscurity, an obscurity which lifts somewhat only after their con­ Sixth paperback printing, 1999 tact with cultures possessing written histories. But even when in­ formation about them becomes relatively more plentiful, linguistic Copyright © 1970 by Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey complexities make its interpretation extremely difficult.
    [Show full text]