植物研究雑誌 J. J. Jpn. Bot. 72: 72: 89-92 (1997)

Lichens of the Imperial Palace Grounds ， Tokyo. 1. Chrysothrix flavovirens New to Japan

a b Hiroyuki Hiroyuki KASHIW ADANl and G りran THOR

aDepartment aDepartment of Botany ，N ational Science Museum ， 4-1-1 Amakubo ，Tsukuba ，Ibaraki ， 305 JAP AN; bSection bSection for Conservation Botany ，Department of Ecology and Environmental Research ， Swedish Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences ，P. O. Box 7072 ，S-750 07 Uppsala ，SWEDEN (Received (Received on June 20 ， 1996)

The Chrysothrix flavovirens is reported as new to Japan ， based on a recent collection collection in the Imperial Palace Grounds in Tokyo. Further records are also reported ， based based on earlier collections from Aki and Suo Provinces. The species was previously known only from Europe.

As part of a biological investigation of the 1995. Imperial Imperial Palace Grounds in Tokyo ， the authors were permitted to collect lichens here in one The Imperial Palace Grounds day in 1995. The results of our collections will The Imperial Palace Grounds is located in be published in a series of papers of which this downtown Tokyo ca. 2 km apart from the is is the firs t. There are no previous lichen collec- mouth of the Sumida-gawa River at Tokyo- tions tions from the Imperial Palace Grounds ，and wan Bay. The present palace was completed in no earlier publication about the lichens for the 1968 ， the previous Meiji Imperial Palace hav- area. area. In spite of earlier skirmishes ，earthquakes ing fallen victim to bombing in the W orld War and frequent fires in Tokyo as well as the 11. Prior to the construction of the Meiji Impe- W orld War H ， parts of the palace remain rial Palace during the M 吋i Restoration of surprisingly surprisingly intact over a period of several 1868-1912 ， the site was occupied by the Edo- centuries. centuries. Lichen rich substrates include old jo Castle. This castle was in its time the largest stone stone walls ， alley trees ， rocks (from dry and in the world and covered a larger area than the exposed to shaded at streams and ponds) and present ， but apart from portions of the moat oldgrowth forests. The investigation will offi- and some walls stone ，little remains to mark its cially cially begin in 1996; the results reported in the former existence. present present are based on a preliminary survey in The altitude varies from 4m in the moat 1995. 1995. The Chrysothrix was first re- surrounding the palace to 29 m on a small hill ， ported ported from Japan by Kashiwadani and Thor and the location is 3Y41'N ，139 0 45'E. The (1 995) with one species ， C. candelaris. Stud- palace consists of an outer portion which is ies ies of the material from the Imperial Palace open to the public (e.g. ， the East Garden = Grounds revealed one further species ， C. Higashi-Gyoen) ，and an inner which is gener- flavovirens. flavovirens. Some further collections were ally closed to the public. The inner portion found when going through material collected covers 115 ha and was searched during the by one ofthe authors (GT) during a field trip in present investigation. The outer portion was

一一 89 一一 90 90 植物研究雑誌第72 巻第2号 平成9年4月 not not studied. Collecting was permitted in all month in August (mean temperature 30.9 0 C) habitats habitats except on bonsai trees ラ to which both (National Astronomical Observatory 1994). lichens lichens and mosses are considered to contrib- The annual mean precipitation is 1405 mm of ute ute aesthetic appea l. Both crustose lichens and which 45 mm falls inJanuary (the driestmonth) ， C ladonia occur on the bonsai trees. and 185 mm in June (the wettest month) (Na- The administration and official buildings of tional Astronomical Observatory 1994). Snow the the palace are located in a small area in the falls as an average of 11 days during the winter eastern eastern portion. Elsewhere ，scattered build- (National Astronomical Observatory 1994) ， ings ，forests ，grasslands ，alleys ， stone walls ， but usually melts quickly. All values are mean ponds and small gravel roads are to be found. values for the period 1961-1990. Apart Apart from the moat surrounding the Imperial Palace Palace Grounds ，scattered ponds are present Methods within within the palace (most of them part of an old Light microscopy measurements were made moat) ， providing a rather high and stable hu- with an oil-immersion lens on water mounts ， midity. midity. Temperate deciduous forests are found achieving a precision of 1μm. The iodine on nutrient-rich soils (e.g. ， in the Fukiage- colouration (Lugol' s solution; iodine concen- gyoen palace garden) ，and open mixed decidu- tration 0.25%) was studied both with and with- ous/coniferous ous/coniferous forests with Pinus thunbergii out pretreatment with K; the former colouration occur occur on driernutrient-poor soils. The temper- here denoted the K /I colouration ， the latter the ate ate deciduous forests may be classified as 1 colouration. The values of the measurements oldgrowth oldgrowth and consist in part of Castanopsis represent the extreme range. Calcium oxalate cuspidata ，Cyclob α lanopsis acuta ，Il ex inte- was searched for under the microscope by gra gra and Machilus thunbergi ・i. These forests adding 25% H 2S0 4 (sulphuric acid) under the contain contain considerable amount of dead wood cover-slip ， thus causing the crystals to dis- (snags ，logs ，stumps) ，a substrate scarce in solve and recrystallize as needle-shaped crys- modem commercial forests. Forests with a tals of calcium sulphate. Thin layer chroma- long long environmental continuity are at present tography (TLC) was carried out in accordance very very rare in the Musashino plain where Tokyo with the method described by White and James is is located. There are several old stone walls ， (1985). Only the B system (HEF) was used. constructed constructed mainly for defense. Some Themo 叩hological description is based on the saxicolous saxicolous lichens are almost certainly strongly J apanese materia l. correlated correlated with the occu 汀 ence of unrestored (or (or sensitively restored) stone walls ，several Results and Discussions hundreds hundreds of years old. Further investigations and comparisons with more recent walls stone Chrysothrix flavovirens T 砂nsberg would help to clarify such relationship. An Thallus episubstratal ， without calcium enumeration enumeration of pteridophyta and spermato- oxalate; photobiont Chlorococcales ，cells 7- phyta phyta has been published by the Biological 14μm in diameter; hyphae 2-3μm wide; Laboratory ， Imperial Household (1 989). soralia forming a::t coherent leprose layer ， pale greenish greenish yellow to rarely yellowish green; Climate soredia 14-24μm in diamete r. Apothecia not The annual mean temperature in Tokyo is seen. Pycnidia not seen. Chemistry: 19.5 0 C with the coldest month in January Rhizocarpic acid (TLC); thallus K- ，C- ，PD- ，1- (mean temperature 9.YC) and the warmest ， K /I-， UV+ orange. April1997 April1997 Joumal of Japanese Botany Vo l. 72 No. 2 91

Notes. Notes. Chrysothrix flavovirens was re- it was collected on stumps in open oldgrowth cently cently described as the sorediate counterpart deciduous forests (G. Thor 12819 ，12834) ， at of of C. chrysophthalma (Tφnsberg 1994). For the base of a deadPinus sp. at the sea-shore (G. detailed detailed descriptions of the species ， see Thor 12811) ，and on the bark of a large tree in Laundon (1981) and T 砂nsberg (1 992). a park (G. Thor 12845). All localities are Chrysothrix Chrysothrix flavovirens is characterized by located within a few kilometres of the sea. The the the presence of a sorediate ，usually pale green- Swedish material is restricted to similar habi- ish ish yellow thallus yielding rhizocarpic acid. tats and localities. Most of Miya-jima is in- Chrysothrix Chrysothrix candelaris is similar ， but is usu- cluded in aN ational Park ，and the forest at ally ally more bright yellow and has calycin ， 1wakuni is also protected. pinastric pinastric acid or calycin and pinastric acid. Distribution. Chrysothrix flavovirens has The thallus mo 叩hology of the J apanese and previously been reported only from Europe European material is identica l. While the Eu- where it occurs in lowland ， mainly coastal ropean ropean collections have “ chrysophthalma un- sites in the British Isles ，Estonia ，Norway ， known" in addition to rhizocarpic acid Spain and Sweden (e.g. ， TOnsberg 1992 ， 1994 (T 砂nsberg 1992) ，theJapanesecollectionshave and further references here). In Japan it was rhizocarpic rhizocarpic acid only. This chemical discrep- found at scattered localities along the east ancy ancy is in our opinion insufficient to wa 町 ant coast ofHonshu from Musashi Province in the separate separate taxonomic status. Corticolous speci- north to Suo Province in the south. The widely mens of the typically saxicolous Psilolechia separated localities in Japan might indicate lucida lucida are similar in thallus morphology and that further localities are present in coastal also also contain rhizocarpic acid ， but also produce areas of Honshu. The species was found at traces traces of four unidentified substances (TDA) three localities on the island Miya-jima and at or or zeorin (Coppins and Purvis 1987). one locality in 1 wakuni. It was searched for in Corticolous Corticolous specime l1 s of Shikoku around the cities Matsuyama and also also lack true soredia ， and are found in more Uwajirr 肌 and along the coast from Uw 吋ima sheltered sheltered and shaded habitats than C. down to Cape Ashizuri-misaki. flavovirens flavovirens (cf. ， Coppins and Purvis 1987 ， Specimens examined. Honshu ，Musashi Prov. (To- Tφnsberg 1992). The collection of C. kyo-to = Tokyo Metropolis) ，Chiyoda-ku ， the Imperial flavovirens flavovirens from the Imperial Palace differs Palace Grounds ， Fukiage-gyoen palace garden around the the small house Sohikintei ，3Y41'N ，139 0 45'E ， al t. 22 m ， from the other J apanese collections by having 20 June 1995 ， G. Thor 14892 (TNS); Aki Prov. (Hiro- a yellowish green colour (an artefact of air shima Pref.) ，Saiki-gun ，Miyajima-cho ，20 'km SW of pollution?). pollution?). The coelomycete Minutophoma Hiroshima ， the island Miya-jima (It suku-shima) ， the W chrysophthalmae chrysophthalmae D. Hawksw. which is re- to N slope of M t. Misen from the ropeway station ported ported only from Chrysothrix chrysophthalma Shishiwa and along the trail to Omoto Park ，34 0 17' N ， (Hawksworth 198 1) and C. flavovirens 132 0 19'E ， al t. 200-500 m ， 25 January 1995 ， G. Thor (Santesson (Santesson 1993 ， as C. chrysophthalma) in 12819 (TNS); do. ， 1200 m SW of the ferry terminal ， 0 Europe was searched for but not found. Omoto Park ，34 17' N ，13 2" 19'E ， al t. 10 -4 0m ，27 Janu- ary ary 1995 ， G. Thor 12845 (TNS ，herb. G. Thor); dO. ，4km Habita t. Chrysothrix flavovirens was SW of the ferry terminal ， the sea-shore at the station of found found within the Imperial Palace Grounds in a Miya-jimaNatural BotanicalGarden ，34 0 17' N ，132 0 17' E ， rather rather open oldgrowth deciduous forest at the al t. 2-5 m ， 25 January 1995 ， G. Thor 12811 (TNS ，herb. base base of an old Il ex integra at the small house G. Thor); Suo Prov. (Yamaguchi Pref.) ， Iwakuni city Sohkintei Sohkintei near a pond. In Miya-jima and administrative area ，36 km SW of Hiroshima ，Iwakuni ， 1wakuni ， both in the southwest part ofHonshu ， along the trail on the SE slope ofM t. Shiro from Iwakuni 92 植物研究雑誌第72 巻第2号 平成9年4月

castle castle to the base ofthe ropeway ，34 0 lO'N， 132 0 19'E ， al t. ence ， Sports and Culture (No. 7640945). The 20-200 m ，26 January 1995 ，G. Thor 12834 (TNS ， herb. stay in Japan for GT was granted by a post- G. Thor). doctoraI fellowship and a fellowship for Prior- ity ity area research in Japan ， both from the J apan The staff at the Imperial Palace Grounds are Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS). thanked thanked for guiding us during our field wor k. L. L. Rundgren and A. Telenius are thanked by References GT for companionship during the field trip in Biological Laboratory ， Imperial Household (ed) 1986. Flora sedis sedis imperatoris Japoniae. 1-546 pp. Hoikusha ， Osaka. the the Hiroshima area. Prof. T. Seki is thanked for Coppins B. J. and Purvis O. W. 1987. A review of Psilolechia guiding guiding us on Miya-jima and in Iwakuni ，and Li chenologist 19: 29 -4 2. all all other staff at the Miya-jimaNatural Botani- Hawksworth D. L. 1981. The lichenicolous Coelomycetes. Bul l. B r. Mus. na t. His t. (Bo t.) 9: 1-98. cal cal Garden field station are also thanked for Kashiwadani H. and Thor G. 1995. Northem circumpolar crustose their their hospitality. We are also grateful to T. lichens new to Japan. J. Jpn. Bo t. 70: 303-32 1. Goward for improvement of the English sty le. Laundon J. R. 1981. The species of Chrysothrix. Li chenologist 13: 13: 101-12 1. Financial Financial support for field work in the Hiro- National Astronomical Observatory 1994. Chronological Sci- shima area by GT was provided by a grant-in- entific Tables. Maruzen Co. ，Tokyo (l n Japanese). Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry Santesson R. 1993. The lichens and lichenicolous fungi of Sweden and Norway. SBT-forlaget ， Lund. ofEducation ，Science ，Sports and Culture (No. Tφnsberg T. 1992. The sorediate and isidiate ，corticolous ， 94150) ， the Scandinavia-Japan Sasakawa crustose lichens in Norway. Sommerfeltia 14: 1-33 1. Foundation Foundation and the Uddenberg-Nordingska 一ー一一一 1994.Ch ηsothrix flavovirens sp. nov. - the sorediate counte 中 art of C. chrysophthalma. Graphis Scripta 6: 31- Foundation. Foundation. Financial support for HK was 33. provided provided by a grant-in-Aid for Scientific Re- White F. J. and James P. W. 1985. A new guide to microchemi- search search from the Ministry of Education ，Sci- cal techniques for the identification oflichen substances. B r. Li ch. Soc. Bul l. 57 (Supp l.): 1 -41.

柏谷博之 a，ヨーラン・トール b. 皇居の地衣類 1. 日本新産のコガネワタゲゴケ 1995 年に実施された皇居の地衣類予備調査にお が，“ chrysophthalma unknown" (T~nsberg 1992) いて Chrysothrix flavovirens T ~nsberg (コガネワタ を含まない化学的変異株と考えられる. 皇居内で ゴケ，新称)が発見された. 本種はこれまでに欧 はやや日当たりの良いモチノキの樹皮上で見つか 州のみに分布することが知られていたが，本邦に ったが，この他にも，広島県宮島，山口県岩国市 も産することが明らかになった. 本種はc. の標本 4 点も本種と同定された. candelaris candelaris (L.) Laundon に酷似するが，地衣体が淡 ("国立科学博物館植物研究部，

黄緑色でリゾカルプ酸を含むので区別できる. 日 b スウェーデン国立農科大学) 本産の標本は形態的には欧州産のものに一致する