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Glasgow City Centre District Regeneration Frameworks Central District - Final Draft Report May 2019 Central District Regeneration Framework as defined in Glasgow City Centre Strategy 2014-2019 Project Team Contents

1 Introduction 06 Central Projects 24 Client - Glasgow City Council Lead designer, strategy Local consultant, Local designer 2 (Y)our Updated Mobility 36 3 (Y)our Great Streets & Spaces 66 4 (Y)our Great Buildings 100

Connectivity, spatial Property market Socio-economic Community animation, 5 (Y)our Vibrant Central 124 economics consultants regeneration consultants engagement 6 Transforming (Y)our Central 152 7 Planning Policy 168 Gerry Grams 8 Action Plan 178

Smart city consultants Strategic city design Engineering advice Cost consultants adviser

© Crown Copyright and database right 2015. All rights reserved. OS Licence No. 100023379. You are not permitted to copy, sub-license or sell any of this data to third parties in any form. 07/03/2015 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION Introduction The Assignment (Y)our Ideas

As the name suggests the area defined as the Central The urban grid of Glasgow is the recurring feature The City Centre Strategy and Action Plan 2014-19 This District Regeneration Framework has been District Regeneration Framework (DRF) in the of this DRF area, that binds together a wide variety sets out a vision and objectives for central Glasgow prepared in collaboration with a wide array of Glasgow City Centre Strategy is at the heart of the of character areas, each with its own and defines nine city centre Districts; one of which is stakeholders and consultees. Ideas and opinions city and the wider city region. Indeed the area distinctiveness. There is the urban intensity of Broomielaw. A Regeneration Framework is to be have been shared by Glaswegians and visitors to the captures the essence of central Glasgow. The Scotland’s biggest city in the area around two of prepared for each District. city. Engagement and consultation has been strongly defined urban street grid, the two major the three busiest rail stations in the country. Here conducted on-street, online, in public exhibitions, terminus rail stations, the riverfront, the principal Glasgow has a big city feel. George Square, The pilot Framework was prepared for Sauchiehall + design workshops and via social media. streets including Buchanan Street, Argyle Street and ostensibly Scotland’s ‘national square’, is Garnethill and was completed and published in Sauchiehall Street and civic squares such as George Glasgow’s main civic space; an anchor point for 2016. The next four Districts are: Broomielaw, St. Participants have included residents, businesses, Square are all synonymous with Glasgow. In most celebration, protest and remembrance and much Enoch, Central and Blythswood. The last four District land and building owners / occupiers, developers people’s mental map of Glasgow the area between more. Fronting the square the splendour of the City Regeneration Frameworks will be for the Merchant and investors, local and national agencies, Council and around Glasgow Central and Queen Street Chambers confirms this place as the civic heart of City, Learning Quarter, Townhead and Cowcaddens. departments, elected members, charities, voluntary organisations and tourists. Stations is the city centre. Glasgow. Each District Regeneration Framework will guide The area covered in this Central District The sparkle and vitality of Buchanan Street is the physical, social and economic regeneration and may The findings from this, and associated District Regeneration Framework is the most ‘complete’ and spine of Glasgow’s shopping experience, with two inform Supplementary Planning Guidance (Local Regeneration Framework engagement work is intensive piece of the city centre. The planned grid large malls at either end. Beyond these pivot points Development Frameworks and/or Strategic recorded in greater detail in a companion report sweeping up Blythswood Hill still characterises this in the ‘Golden Z’ are Argyle Street and Sauchiehall Development Frameworks as defined in the City titled (Y)our City Centre Community Engagement area. As Glasgow flourished following the Street. Both streets face significant challenges in this Development Plan 2017). dated May 2018. Enlightenment and throughout the Industrial age, era of internet retail and, for Sauchiehall Street, these (Y)our Ideas have informed and shaped the the city centre expanded westward rapidly across issues are compounded following devastating fires recommendations and projects emerging through this area and we still enjoy the rich urban at Glasgow School of Art. (Y)our Central District Regeneration Framework. architectural heritage in the contemporary cityscape. Beyond the Art School this DRF area also The relationship between Glasgow and its river is encompasses the Gallery of Modern Art, the Royal considered more specifically in the Broomielaw and Concert Hall and numerous cultural venues. In the St. Enoch DRFs. The proposals for this District have to Merchant City the narrower streets and lanes have be integrated with emerging ideas in these other been revitalised with bars, restaurants and culture. DRFs so that the relationship between the River Upon Blythswood Hill the Georgian grid retains a Clyde and the city centre is far more positive. quieter ambience, whilst towards the River Clyde the modern offices of the International Financial Within this portion of central Glasgow is some of Services District edge towards the waterfront. Glasgow’s most elaborate urban architecture, and set piece civic spaces. George Square is the natural So, evidently, this part of the city centre is crucial to civic gathering space in the city. Royal Exchange Sq., the city’s economic, cultural, social and civic health Nelson Mandela Sq. and Blythswood Sq. provide and future prosperity. further evidence of Glasgow’s historic grandeur. The ‘Golden Z’ of Sauchiehall Street / Buchanan Street / Preparing this Framework has been a collaborative, Argyle Street has long been the spine for Glasgow’s collective effort involving many people with a stake retail and commercial core. and interest in Glasgow City Centre and the Central DRF area. For this reason this project is underscored Glasgow is a city of perpetual change. The transitions by this collective effort, expertise and energy.... from religious centre to seat of learning to a city of merchants to the hyper-intense Industrial Glasgow to the present day has left a significant legacy, not (Y)our City Centre, (Y)our Central district least in this part of the city centre. This city’s motto is “Let Glasgow Flourish”. If Glasgow This District Regeneration Framework outlines a is to flourish in the 21st Century the city centre will vision, projects and an action plan to refocus the have to be at the vanguard of wider regeneration, Central district of Glasgow in the next ten years. It with Central district at the fulcrum; right at the heart overlaps with adjacent DRFs, notably Broomielaw, St. of (Y)our Future City Centre. Enoch, Blythswood and Sauchiehall / Garnethill. It is intended to align with these DRFs, and in combination set out a framework for adapting Glasgow to the changing demands of contemporary city life as it faces local and international challenges.

6 7 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION (Y)our Central District Boundaries Purpose and structure of this Report

The boundaries for the (Y)our Central District The area encompasses two major rail stations PURPOSE OF THIS REPORT STRUCTURE OF THIS REPORT Regeneration Framework are defined in the Glasgow (Central and Queen Street), Argyle Street low level City Centre Strategy and Action Plan 2014-19. The station, two Subway stations and is served by The principal purpose of this District Regeneration This DRF considers the role the Central District has to Framework encompasses an area from the north most bus routes in the city. The main retail streets Framework (DRF) is to guide forthcoming physical, play in the wider renewal of Glasgow city centre. The bank of the River Clyde in the south to Killermount of the ‘Golden Z’ of Buchanan St., Argyle St. and social and economic regeneration and development regeneration of Glasgow City Centre and the River Street / Renfrew Street in the north, and from Pitt Sauchiehall St., national cultural institutions, major in the area of the city centre designated by the City Clyde corridor should be considered national priority Street / Douglas Street / Brown Street in the west to office districts and areas of regeneration are all Centre Strategy 2014-19 as the Central district. projects and the Central DRF area has a pivotal role Stockwell Street / Glassford Street / George Square included within this highly diverse district. in both (albeit the elements pertaining to the River and North Hanover Street in the east. The City Centre Strategy states that each DRF will Corridor are covered in greater detail in the The full extent of this Framework area is 104 contribute to Supplementary Planning Guidance. accompanying Broomielaw and St. Enoch DRFs). The The Central District is characterised by a south facing hectares. The City Development Plan (2017) confirms that Framework assesses the significant challenges and slope from the riverside up to the ridge of two opportunities that will continue to define Glasgow drumlins; Blythswood Hill with the eponymous Local Development Frameworks (LDF) will be produced for each of the 9 districts identified in the city centre’s environmental, spatial, economic and Square at its summit, and Garnethill with Renfrew social performance. It confirms overarching Street and Glasgow School of Art near its peak. City Centre Strategy, and that a Strategic Development Framework (SDF) will be prepared objectives that must be met if Glasgow is to covering the entire city centre and all 9 districts. compete as a leading European city, and reinforces the importance of the city centre as the engine for It is therefore intended that this DRF will contribute the city region’s economic, cultural, civic and to the planning policy for this District of Glasgow’s environmental health. It outlines fundamental city centre. It is anticipated that the Planning Policy principles to ensure Glasgow has a sustainable, chapter and other planning related elements of each resilient and vibrant city centre that is remarkable, DRF should be incorporated as Supplementary attractive and convivial. Guidance within an SDF or LDF, subject to it being consistent with the City Development Plan and In support of these principles and to help deliver the planning authority approval, and then be considered overarching objectives for (Y)our City Centre this a material consideration in planning matters report sets out a Framework of Projects within the affecting the Central DRF area. Central district and an associated Action Plan to help prioritise implementation. It also outlines additional This DRF should be read in conjunction with the City planning policy specific to the Central district. Development Plan (2017) and the City Centre Strategy 2014-19 and their respective successor The (Y)our Central Projects are outlined within five documents. It should also be read in conjunction themes; with the City Centre Strategic Development (Y)our updated mobility Framework which is to be prepared in line with guidance set out in the City Development Plan (Y)our great streets and spaces (2017). (Y)our great buildings (Y)our vibrant Central Transforming (Y)our Central Each project is described and cross referred to the objectives that it aligns with. The Action Plan suggests priorities, project leadership and inputs, early actions and sequence of tasks towards implementing each project co-ordinated within the overall DRF. This Action Plan is therefore the principal point of reference in monitoring and co-ordinating delivery of the (Y)our Central District Regeneration Framework. It is incumbent on project delivery lead and partners to undertake project risk assessments at the commencement and during the implementation of each project, in view of circumstances at that time.

8 9 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION

Policy Context

Glasgow City Development Plan 2017 Glasgow City Region: City Deal Glasgow Economic Strategy 2016-2023

The City Development Plan was adopted in March Glasgow City Council and seven neighbouring local The Central DRF objectives fit well with the Glasgow other leisure/entertainment facilities. The district 2017 and is the new statutory Local Development authorities in the city region and Clyde Valley have Economic Strategy 2016-2023 (November 2016) and includes George Square, the city’s major civic space Plan for Glasgow, comprising two overarching secured one of the UK’s largest City Deals. the fundamental aim to make ‘Glasgow the most and key visitor/ cultural attractions such as The policies (the Placemaking Principle and Sustainable productive major city economy in the UK’. The Glasgow Royal Concert Hall, Cineworld Cinema, The Spatial Strategy) and ten policies supported by The Glasgow City Region City Deal will fund major current Economic Strategy outlines 10 themes; Lighthouse, Gallery of Modern Art, the Pavilion supplementary guidance. infrastructure projects; create thousands of new jobs Theatre and on its periphery, the Glasgow School of and assist thousands of unemployed people back to 1. Raising health Art Macintosh building, the Glasgow Film Theatre This Central DRF promotes design excellence and work; improve public transport and connectivity; 2. Skills for all and O2 ABC music venue. The area accommodates low-carbon place-making to deliver a mixed use city drive business innovation and growth and generate key public transportation infrastructure hubs - the centre district characterised by a diverse economy billions of pounds of private sector investment. 3. A fairer Glasgow two main railway stations Central Station and Queen and community, in a high density walkable The City Deal will support the local area to achieve Street Station, Argyle Street Station, Buchanan Street neighbourhood with excellent public transport and 4. Supporting key sectors and St Enoch subway stations, and numerous great public spaces. its shared long-term vision for the local economy through four key areas of focus: 5. Innovation/high value employment principal bus routes. It is therefore aligned with the CDP Key Aims and • Improved infrastructure 6. Smart infrastructure investment By floorspace in Central District office use is in the Strategic Outcomes to create; majority, but only just at 52% and retail use increases • a healthy, high quality place • Growth in Life Sciences 7. Housing mix including an increase in city centre to its highest market share at 28% of floorspace in population this core city centre district. Hospitality / leisure • a compact city form that supports sustainable • Supporting Business Innovation (11%) followed by residential (4%) and a marginal 8. Supporting enterprise development • Tackling unemployment amount of miscellaneous stock make up the balance 9. Linking education & employment opportunities of floorspace in Central District. Ryden’s property • a vibrant place with a growing economy There is a £1.13 billion fund to support the delivery market analysis report (2017) indicated that the • a thriving and sustainable place to live and work of improved infrastructure including an improved 10. Increasing population & retaining talent new-build office pipeline in Central District is transport network across Glasgow and the Clyde modest. The retail core is clearly regionally • a connected place to move around and do Valley, key development and regeneration sites and The City and Central district will only realise its dominant and tightening around Buchanan Street, business in improved public transport. There are two aspects potential, however, if more innovation is with a potential step-change in the pipeline when that are of specific relevance to Central; encouraged, the business base grows, skills the Buchanan Galleries extension is developed. • a green place which is resilient, accessible and provision is better linked with the needs of the local attractive City Centre Enabling Infrastructure Integrated Public economy and longstanding health issues are Realm Programme – the ‘Avenues’ project tackled. The aim of the Placemaking Principle policy CDP 1 is to “improve the quality of development taking place £115m fund for a programme of improvement works in Glasgow by promoting a design-led approach.” which will upgrade and enhance the look and feel of This policy also supports city centre living in this Glasgow city centre by delivering a network of Central District: Today location, outlining planning requirements which can avenues and public realm investment, which will The Central district provides the focus for Glasgow align with the Central DRF objectives. support the city centre economy and help increase city centre’s retail, commercial, business cultural and footfall. entertainment/leisure uses. The District is bounded Waterfront and West End Innovation Quarter to the north by Renfrew Street, the Broomielaw/ Clyde Street and the River Clyde to the south and The investment in this part of the City Deal project Stockwell Street/Glassford St/North Hanover Street (£114m) will increase economic growth by to the east. It overlaps with and includes part of the continuing the regeneration of the Clyde Waterfront Blythswood and Broomielaw districts to the west as an attractive urban quarter. and the St Enoch district to the south-east. Central DRF area should benefit from City Deal The area includes the ‘Style Mile’ formed along funded enhancement to public realm (Avenues) and Buchanan Street from Buchanan Galleries investment on the Waterfront. southwards to Princes Square and accommodates the St Enoch Shopping Centre, major hotels and

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Central District: Future Distinctive Economic In an increasingly globalised competitive economy, Every attempt must be made to ensure that the The District Regeneration Framework projects Development Role major cities in the UK and Europe are competing to City Centre continues to build on to its relative proposed in and around Central District also all attract investments, talent and tourists that are all competitive edge in terms of retail, food/drink, include opportunities to experiment and test Central District has a very distinctive role to play in formidable drivers of economic growth. The race to affordable housing for different occupiers, students, innovative solutions (e.g. data sharing, logistics, the future wider economic renewal of Glasgow city attract visitors – business tourists, vacationers, city researchers and creatives, who are also driving its tele-commuting and digital technology). The centre. The Central District Regeneration breakers - means cities compete to host major vitality. Therefore, there will also be opportunities to CDRF makes room for a new mix of retail outlets, Framework (CDRF) has evolved from Getting events. Whether it be events for the public (e.g. promote an appropriate choice of new housing in a offices, business space and residential units that Ahead of Change: Glasgow City Centre Strategy Commonwealth Games 2014, European range of affordable tenures as part of mixed use are both pleasant to use and live in and 2014-19 with the particular emphasis on: Championships 2018) or for the business world investment in Central. The housing would target a ecologically efficient. Innovative environment • shop & play- to maintain Glasgow’s position as (research conferences, trade shows), all are catalysts wide range of occupiers including singles/couples, projects can serve as a showcase for the the best destination to shop and play outside for economic growth, drivers of regional downsizers, families and include car free housing by widespread adoption of best practices for buildings London; visit & enjoy- to be the most prominent development and marketing opportunities that help increasing active accessibility. and ‘eco-districts’ that include for example boost the city’s visibility and shape its image. fostering the adoption of the new building heating leisure and business tourism destination; work & The interests of everyone – local business owners, create - to be the biggest job generator in networks, networked energy infrastructure and Therefore, the CDRF aims to play a crucial role by the increasing resident population and highly standards. Therefore, Glasgow City Centre will be Scotland; invest & build- to remain a top ten ensuring that Buchanan Street maintains its expectant visitors–have to be taken into account in investment location in Europe. a place of experimentation, an opportunity for competitive position as a very successful shopping the CDRF. The night-time economy will look to companies looking to innovate and test new • The CDRF objectives fit well with the Glasgow street for visitors and Glaswegians that meets the move away from a focus on younger people. It is solutions. Economic Strategy 2016-2023 (November highest European standards located in what is a hoped by 2022, 40% of people using the city 2016) and the aim to make ‘Glasgow the most lively and even more popular city quarter. centre at night will be aged over 40 and that 40% Overall the CDRF ambition is for balancing all the productive major city economy in the UK’. of operating businesses at this time will be shops. factors and to ensure that Central District is a There will be an increase in opportunities for more Encouraging a larger variety of retailers and fundamental element in the wider ‘Glasgow • The objectives of the CDRF fit well and experiential stores, using the advancement of new attractions to stay open late will broaden people’s package’ offered to investors, businesses, support the ten Glasgow Economic Strategy technologies, such as augmented and virtual choices of things to do after dark. A more employees, families and students when they are themes and the opportunities to promote key reality providing shoppers with unforgettable integrated night time strategy would also benefit considering Glasgow among other competitive sectors identified in the Glasgow Economic experiences and more choice of eating/drinking from investment in intramodality and a seamless locations. Strategy (see table below) facilities. George Square will be a lively and passenger travel experience between and around important destination. The aim is to encourage the Central District transport system’s two main rail Central District Regeneration Framework & Fit with shoppers to keep on visiting with ever-more and subway stations/ hubs. the Glasgow Economic Strategy 2016-2023 Sectors competitive offer to meet the challenges of the future retail landscape. This will be reinforced by Central District can be a more ‘equal place’ with a Glasgow Economic Strategy (2-16- Central exploring the possibility of establishing new focus on attracting an even wider mix of income, 23) Sectors Focus pedestrian routes through the St. Enoch Centre gender and ethnicity with different options for together with a new event square. socialising, not just mainstream drinking venues and Digital Technology with great public art as an inspiring aspect to the The CDRF also looks to continue to improve the Finance & Business Services public space. City Centre’s economic attractiveness, financial Creative Industries competitiveness, infrastructure design and social and environmental cohesion. There is a significant Low Carbon and growing business / financial sector presence Health & Life Sciences in Central District with the recent completion of some signature developments (G1, 110 Queen Engineering, Design & Advanced Street, SSE) and the retrofitting and upgrading of Manufacturing other historic building stock for office use. The Tourism & Events CDRF aims to continue this trend to add to the street level mix of uses that include retail / leisure / Higher & Further Education food and drink. The overall objective is to accelerate the existing diversity of uses by bringing vacant upper floor spaces into use for residential, creative local enterprise and innovative uses. In a related way, the CDR also looks to promote links with the existing creative industries and advanced design & manufacturing cluster located elsewhere in the City Centre.

12 13 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION

14 15 Overview of (Y)our possible projects

16 17 © Crown Copyright (Y)our Central Engagement Issues & Ideas

Through a series of workshops, presentations, site visits and digital tools, (Y)our Central engagement generated numerous issues and ideas. A detailed record of the community and stakeholder engagement has been prepared as a separate document. This page summarises the diversity of comments and discussions raised in considering this district.

18 19 © Crown Copyright (Y)our Central analysis overview Bus Station dislocated from core city centre

Central district has much that is quintessential and synonymous with Glasgow city centre; major shopping streets, busy national train and bus termini, Shopping mall megastructure large offices, significant cultural venues and lively nightlife. disrupts street network It is characterised by the urban grid and fantastic, though occasionally threatened or under appreciated, built heritage. As with the rest of the city centre districts on the riverfront it largely turns Limited greenspace in its back on the River Clyde. district is not publicly Many of the streets are dominated by traffic; cars and accessible buses. Where pedestrian and cycle accessibility has been prioritised and implemented well it is has had demonstrable benefits. Buchanan Street has many positive attributes and demonstrates the impacts enhanced public realm can have. Major public square is poor quality space Other set-piece spaces, including George Street and the north bank of the river fall below the standard befitting such urban assets. These spaces have become dominated by traffic and undermined as people places. There is a chronic lack of greenspace in the Central area, and that provided by George Square or the riverside is of a poor quality. The Central area is enlivened by footfall during the day due to significant destinations (notably two Busy car traffic major rail stations). However the quality of through city centre Successful pedestrian street pedestrian environments is sub-optimal. surrounded by historic buildings The Central DRF area is the most ‘complete’ piece of the city centre which already creates a strong image for Glasgow. However there is significant room for improvement to create an even more welcoming environment for Glaswegians and visitors. There is tremendous scope to add value, to enhance the quality of experience of citylife and benefit from the amazing assets, notably the built heritage, the river Public parksspaces and the mix of activities already located in the heart of Scotland’s largest city. Listed building A

evelopment potential

Pedestrianised street

Privatied park

Poor quality public space

Shopping mall megastructure Parking garageopen-air parking

disrupts street network isruptive structures

Busy public transport route

Routes accessible by car

Busy car road

Missing link

20 21 © Crown Copyright (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION Current Central

Queen Street station entrance under development Heritage buildings at risk

Impermeable St. Enoch Shopping Centre Strong potential in developing shopping industry

22 23 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION Current Central

Badly maintained lanes - West George Lane Ineffective and disruptive transport network - Hope Street

Better integrated station entrance under construction - Queen Street Station Main public square - George Square

24 25 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION (Y)our Central projects

In this chapter projects for the Central DRF are summarised. These projects are arranged in 4 themes:

(Y)our updated mobility (Y)our great buildings

© Crown Copyright © Crown Copyright

(Y)our updated mobility: To enhance Glasgow’s public transport and active travel networks to create (Y)our great buildings: To respect Glasgow’s fine built heritage with highest quality contemporary a sustainable, walkable city design

(Y)our great streets and spaces (Y)our vibrant Central

© Crown Copyright © Crown Copyright

(Y)our great streets and spaces: To optimise Glasgow’s street grid and address the shortage of quality (Y)our vibrant Central: To create a lively, convivial, attractive mixed use riverfront city centre district greenspace spaces

26 27 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION (Y)our Central objectives

Key objective 1 Key objective 4

Shift towards a more efficient, healthy and Create a diverse building environment sustainable mobility. with existing buildings.

(Y)our updated mobility (Y)our monuments and gap infills

Key objective 2 Key objective 5

Repurpose the urban grid to create an Create a high density and lively city optimsed ‘tartan’ of street types. centre.

(Y)our great streets and spaces (Y)our vibrant Central

Key objective 3 Key objective 6

Extend and enhance pedestrian networks. Re-create the attractive and vibrant Create loops with River Park. city centre.

(Y)our great streets and spaces (Y)our vibrant Central

28 29 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION

TO B (Y)our Central projects list E DEVELOPED

F U R T H E R

Each project is accompanied by an Action Plan (Y)our great streets & spaces (Chapter 7) outlining proposed next and subsequent steps for delivery. Bigger context: improved public spaces and connections Key priority projects are marked with an asterisk *. * Variation in street character (Tartan) To avoid duplication with neighbouring District * Green street, parks and play spaces Regeneration Frameworks for Broomielaw, St. Enoch and Blythswood, some projects that apply Updated streets of 'Golden Z' to Central are not included in this document. * Glorious George Square These projects are marked in grey text. * Heilanman's Umbrella as station lobby * Design for rain Bothwell Street: The CBD High Street Surface water management strategy Public art Glorious Argyle Street Refer to Broomielaw DRF Hill to river streets Refer to Broomielaw DRF Central station square Refer to Broomielaw DRF Surface water management strategy Refer to Broomielaw DRF Clean up Jamaica Street Refer to St Enoch DRF New routes through St. Enoch Refer to St Enoch DRF Improved West George Street Refer to Blythswood DRF Blythswood hill steep parks Refer to Blythswood DRF River Park Refer to all River Park projects in Broomielaw & St Enoch DRF

(Y)our updated mobility (Y)our great buildings priority projects: 5 Bigger context: shift to more sustainable mobility Bigger context: repaired urban fabric * Ultra low emissions zone * Building add-ons and infills * Traffic-calmed Central * Historic Central * Specialisation in streets (Tartan) Lively streetfronts * Smarter cleaner bus system Design guidelines needed * Smarter parking in Central Open up Buchanan Galleries Updated rail and subway stations Higher density St. Enoch Refer to St Enoch DRF Open up Sr. Enoch Shopping Centre Refer to St Enoch DRF Connecting train stations Updated access to the St. Enoch Car Park Refer to St Enoch DRF Dynamic Buchanan Bus Station Street safety and accessibility priority projects: 2 River Taxi Refer to Broomielaw and St Enoch DRF Updated Central station and surroundings Refer to Broomielaw DRF North Bank Event Promenade Refer to Broomielaw DRF

30 31 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION

TO B E DEVELOPED

F U R T H E R

(Y)our vibrant Central Transforming (Y)our City Centre Bigger context: mixed and vibrant city centre City Centre strategy board Strong neighbourhood identities Project taskforce Mixed and repopulated Central Project bureau * Re-populated Central Urban room * Experience shopping in Central City centre marketing vision / strategy Working in Central City centre development map Nightlife in Central City centre performance monitor Culture in Central City-wide socio-economic strategy Community infrastructure City centre-wide spatial strategy + integrated city centre vision * Re-purpose vacant spaces Pedestrian + accessibility champion IFSD 2.0 Refer to Broomielaw DRF Nextbike 2.0 Temporary use of buildings (Atlantic Quay 1, 2 & 3 programme) Refer to Broomielaw DRF Coordinated transport delivery Street festival / food trucks Refer to Broomielaw DRF City-wide transport strategy Art event Refer to Broomielaw DRF Street design guidelines (document) Building design guidelines (document) Transforming (Y)our Central New housing models Sustainable Central Stalled spaces fixer Smart Central Caring city centre Central brand Smart city centre Central performance monitor River strategy Refer to Broomielaw DRF Creative Clyde Refer to Broomielaw DRF Central conservation area River management + delivery board Refer to Broomielaw DRF (Y)our Heritage Property Fund River park design guidelines (document) Refer to Broomielaw DRF Night-time Central

Clean and well maintained Central priority projects: 0 Dedicated Central Team New Central community council priority projects: 0

32 33 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION

(Y)our Central priority projects Building add-ons and infills

Hierarchy in streets

Parks and Play Spaces Smarter parking in Central

Enhance connection between bus, train and city centre

Traffic-calmed Central Repurpose vacant spaces Historic Central Ultra low emissions zone

Smarter cleaner bus & taxi Glorious George Square Central Business District ‘High Street’ system Improve connections between stations

Re-populated Central

Design for rain Experience shopping in Central

Hielanman’s Umbrella

DRF priority projects represent a group of key actions that need to be taken more urgently than others within the DRF strategy. Realising these priority projects will greatly contribute to the development of the whole city centre, with a focus on quality place-making. Delivering these project would lead to a well-developed social and cultural scene, support economic development and enable higher urban density in a vibrant, mixed-use Glasgow city centre. Moreover they will act as catalysts to to launch the rest of the projects presented in this DRF.

34 35 © Crown Copyright 02 (Y)OUR UPDATED MOBILITY (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR UPDATED MOBILITY (Y)OUR UPDATED MOBILITY

Current: inefficient mobility system Scotland’s busiest bus station Analysis mobility system

Car dominated city grid The Central district of Glasgow (as defined by the City Centre Strategy) has Scotland’s busiest public transport hubs. Central and Queen Street Stations are the first and third busiest rail stations respectively Great coverage of public and Buchanan Bus Station is the busiest bus station. transport. These principal terminus stations are adjacent to the subway network and low level heavy rail stations, including Argyle Street Station. The gridded street network covers most of this part Hope Street and Union Street / of central Glasgow, and includes the longest Jamaica Street dominated by pedestriansed zone in Scotland, comprising parts of very busy bus routes Sauchiehall Street and Argyle Street, and all of Car dominated circulation Buchanan Street. The grid is disrupted by the main around George Square terminus rail stations and the two major retail malls (St Enoch and Buchanan Galleries). Central district is largely dominated by car/bus traffic, which leads to a busy street environment and Central and Queens Street Stations - two pedestrian unfriendly streets. Although major of Scotland’s busiest rail stations. car-parking facilities and the bus station are located on the edge of the district boundary, better Golden Z pedestrianised from Rose regulation of car and bus network is urgently Street (Sauchiehall St) to Stockwell needed. Street (Argyle Street) With such great public transport coverage, there is potential to better integrate the use of buses and trains and private car traffic to calm the busy traffic in Central area and create better environment for bikes and pedestrians. Fragmented cycle lanes Although provision for goods vehicles and taxis within the Central area must be maintained, use of these vehicles could be closely regulated to ensure Busy car road an environment is provided which puts priority on pedestrians and cyclists. Calm car road Upgraded subway Missing link Fragmented minor stations ragmented cycle lanes circulation routes Pedestrianised area Bus route Subway station

rain station Bus station

Parking garage

verground car park

38 39 © Crown Copyright (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR UPDATED MOBILITY (Y)OUR UPDATED MOBILITY Current: Central car network Analysis mobility system

Lack of defined allocation of bike lanes - Hope St Vehicular mobility takes up too much space - Bothwell St

Potential to upgrade the neglected lanes - West George Lane Queen Street Station entrance under refurbishment

40 41 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR UPDATED MOBILITY (Y)OUR UPDATED MOBILITY

(Y)our updated mobility Improve proposed bus terminal with better integration Overview mobility projects

Repair broken links Major mobility improvements include: and create shortcuts

-- Reduced allocation of space for cars in the city street grid. -- Create hierarchy of street functions in ‘tartan’ street grid. Well regulated car network City parking -- This frees up space in key streets by allowing local car traffic only (eg. West George St). -- Enhanced pedestrian and cycle priority Updated bus circulation routes and streets. Updated stations and surroundings -- Create efficient edge of city centre car parking along M8 corridor, combined with consolidated on-street parking. -- Updated stations and surrounding areas at Charing Cross and Anderston Stations. Smart strategy bike -- Smarter, more comfortable and cleaner Traffic-calmed George Square bus system. network and facilities

Calmed Argyle Street

Optimized car/public transport Optimized circulation to pedestrian/bike connection

No through traffic between car zones

Reduced traffic load on quay

42 43 © Crown Copyright (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR UPDATED MOBILITY (Y)OUR UPDATED MOBILITY (Y)our updated mobility Bigger context: shift to more sustainable mobility

Glasgow needs to shift away from its strong Strategies for reducing car traffic in the city centre dependency on cars. Cars use space inefficiently, • Probably the most important project of all: Work they pollute and make streets unattractive and on a new ambitious transport strategy for the unsafe. The city of Glasgow has three great City of Glasgow that considers all modes of assets: transport needs to be started as soon as possible • The rail and subway infrastructure is a legacy of Glasgow’s Victorian Heritage when the city had • A shift to more sustainable modes of transport is almost twice the number of inhabitants instrumental to make the city more liveable. • Most streets are wide so there is enough space to introduce lanes for cyclists and widen become more attractive, more liveable and it will footways. attract new investments. • A range of options will be explored as part of the City Centre Motorway Strategy, including those Cars are like water. If you reduce capacity in one related to overall connectivity and spot they will flow via another route. That is why accommodation of local and regional traffic car circulation should only be considered at a city across the M8 and M74-M73 corridors. and regional level. Work on a new ambitious However, any proposals would need to be transport strategy for the City of Glasgow that tested and aligned with regional strategy and considers all modes of transport needs to be agreed with Transport Scotland. started as soon as possible. Re-thinking/ Park+Ride: Transfer from car to public transportation coordination of the bus system is crucial. Intense • Glasgow should use these three assets to collaboration with Transport Scotland and other change its ‘modal split’ to more sustainable national agencies is crucial. modes of transport. By intelligently moving the car to the periphery of the city centre, and by creating a seamlessly integrated public Location: Glasgow city region. transport and cycle network, the city will

Park+Walk: Change motorist to pedestrian New High St Future continuation of EERR

A728(EERR) replaces High St for local car traffic circulation

National through traffic

MEASURES CAN ONLY Downgrading of High St through the implementation of wider car loop Bike+Ride: Extend the reach of public transportation with the bike BE PROPERLY ACCESSED IN WIDER CITY 44 CONTEXT 45 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR UPDATED MOBILITY (Y)OUR UPDATED MOBILITY (Y)our updated mobility Ultra low emission zone

Once the Low Emissions Zone is in place, utilise monitoring to identify the impact of • Low Emissions Zone can help to improve air implementation, assess benefit and the scope for quality with limited public investment and within change to achieve Ultra Low Emissions Zones relatively short amount of time. targets. Location: City centre and surroundings.

46 47 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR UPDATED MOBILITY (Y)OUR UPDATED MOBILITY (Y)our updated mobility

City Centre M8 as part of the wider Traffic-calmed Central traffic capacity options

A complete re-thinking of the car circulation in the city centre is needed. The city centre largely has • Only the cars that need to be there enter the city an orthogonal grid; this makes system changes centre. Other cars drive around fairly simple. Historically the car circulation in the • The reduced amount of cars increases the city centre was straightforward: parallel streets with quality of the city centre alternating directions. • These measures stimulate the city’s economy One proposal is to revert to that system, utilising rather than limiting it the wider capacity across the M8 + East End Regeneration Route / Clyde Gateway. This simple change turns the city centre into a zone for local traffic only. Through-traffic is limited to some This means that these public spaces become hundreds of vehicles per day. This is a system that almost free of traffic. Crossing directly from one is used in many comparable cities. zone to the other will remain possible for service vehicles and buses. The key public spaces would form the logical National through traffic divide between the zones: The ‘golden Z’ Further study as integrated part of a refreshed City (Sauchiehall St, Buchanan St, Argyle St) and the Centre Transport Strategy is crucial. river. Possible concept for the city centre circulation system

Location: Glasgow city region

Current situation Proposed situation

Key public streets are full of cars

Calmed streets toward city centre

Too much through Through car traffic between zones is not allowed traffic on the quays

High Street serves as a part of the city ring

MEASURES CAN ONLY BE PROPERLY ACCESSED IN WIDER 48 49 CITY CONTEXT (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR UPDATED MOBILITY (Y)OUR UPDATED MOBILITY (Y)our updated mobility Specialisation in streets (Tartan) Calmed car traffic toward city centre

This project deals with a couple of challenges and opportunities: • Makes a more attractive city -- Glasgow’s urban grid is fantastic but analysis of • Stimulates more sustainable and healthy mobility the streets supports the view of many • With the width of Glaswegian streets there is stakeholders that there is a lack of variety which enough space available makes wayfinding and navigation difficult. This is compounded by the one-way system which • This project deals with the mobility aspects of the confuses many pedestrians and drivers. There is streets. See ‘(Y)our great streets and spaces’ for the potential for more variation and quality streets spatial aspects. to enhance street hierarchy and assist intuitive Main and neighbourhood car network Pedestrian promenades navigation. -- The tendency to allow all users to use almost all The proposal is to dedicate the freed-up space to streets undermines the potential of the grid to specific users; creating streets with a particular achieve optimal connectivity. There are cars, functional profile, resembling a Tartan pattern: taxis, buses, cyclists and pedestrians in most of dedicated bus streets, cycle highways, pedestrian Smart bike parking strategy is needed the streets, competing for a finite amount of boulevards or just green calm neighbourhood space. The Glaswegian urban block is more streets. As a result each street gets its own spatial Regulated bus network in city centre compact than many other cities and therefore character as well. This is combined with a strict there is a higher ratio of street to building regime of continuous cycle/bus routes from the footprint, nevertheless smarter optimisation of suburbs right into the heart of the city centre. the available street space is necessary. Busy access streets will remain, but they will become -- At the moment cycling, walking or commuting less of an issue; there are parallel routes for bus and by bus is very unattractive. To make these bike and there is always a quiet green street around modes of transport a serious alternative (over the corner. The concept cannot be rigid. At some the car), routes/networks need to be faster, bottlenecks, different users will need to be more intuitive, comfortable and safe. combined. -- With the proposed reduction of car traffic in the This approach is consistent with a Smart Grid / city centre (no more through traffic, less street Superblocks concept with local car access between parking, better public transport) street space EIIPR / Avenues. Refer to (Y)our Great Streets and becomes abundant. You can start to think Spaces chapter. about alternative uses for the city centre streets. Location: City centre and surroundings. Bike priority streets Bus priority streets

The tartan concept proposes higher quality streets: more specialized in function and more specific in spatial character. Lanes (Y)our avenues 50 51 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR UPDATED MOBILITY (Y)OUR UPDATED MOBILITY (Y)our updated mobility Smarter cleaner bus network

The bus system in Glasgow can play an even more significant role in supporting the vitality of the city. • This project aims to support the city’s bus It faces a number of challenges in terms of its system to be utilised efficiently, meeting the attractiveness to users and potential users, and needs of users while managing operational changing operational demands. demands to create a more intuitive, clean bus system and a more attractive city centre.

• The nature of the city’s road network requires regional bus routes to enter the city via ways continue to support the vitality of the city, whilst that are often less than ideal for passengers, also supporting the ambitions for the city centre. operators and the wider city. • Traffic congestion within the city, to which • Encourage a stronger partnership approach to buses can also contribute, results in delays, increase the attractiveness of bus services for slow moving bus services and unreliable passengers while increasing operational journey times which reduces the attractiveness efficiency and reducing transports of the services for passengers and increases environmental impact. the environmental impact and operating costs. • Through the work of the Connectivity • Bus routes and stop locations can be Commission and in partnership with perceived as complicated and confusing. appropriate stakeholders review city bus routings and termini requirements. • There is scope for connections between the Currently a sprawl of local and regional bus lines bus network and other transport modes to be • Develop more fluent connections to the main improved. train stations. The effect will be a more efficient, intuitive, clean This project aims to be a catalyst for a and reliable bus system serving a more attractive co-ordinated and integrated approach to address city centre. these challenges and ensure our bus system can Location: Glasgow city region.

Regional buses from the North zone go directly to Buchanan station Diagram shows one option Current situation only, more studies for actual strategy is needed

Small electric local buses driving a finer grained network

Regional buses concentrated in dedicated bus corridors that touch the main stations

Messy bus network in city centre, clean-up and regulated bus network is needed Regional buses from the South zone pass through the corridor

A first concept for a more effective and less disruptive bus system

52 53 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR UPDATED MOBILITY (Y)OUR UPDATED MOBILITY

(Y)OU (Y)our updated mobility PRIORITYR

P R Smarter parking in Central O JECT

Investigate the possibility to consolidate and concentrate large multi-storey car parking (MSCP) on • Smart placement of parking garages leads to less the edge of the city centre in line with current congestion in the city centre strategies would; • More footfall will revive the edge of the retail • Serve the city centre, feeding directly to the district shopping, leisure and cultural centre of Glasgow • Public spaces will be more attractive city region. • Reduce traffic/parking load on the city centre by catching incoming traffic directly at the city Larger MSCP have major economic / efficiency edge. benefits over multiple smaller car parks. New MSCP should encourage electric car usage and be • Release sites currently accommodating car designed so they can be retrofitted and re-purposed parking for other development elsewhere in the if/when parking demand reduces due to automated city centre. vehicles parking / re-charging outwith the city centre. • Take parking from the streets. • Drive visitor footfall creating economic opportunities. Candidate sites are liable to be outwith the Central DRF study area.

Current situation Proposed situation

Scope for additional multi-storey parking at the end of Suchiehall St Existing multi-storey parking at Buchanan galleries

Calmed city centre traffic with pedestrian and bike friendly design

Parking hub and on-street parking Scope for additional multi-storey parking at covering the whole city centre Direct access to the golden ‘Z’ redeveloped Blythswood Court

New integrated parking on Kings St

Direct access to the river park 54 55 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR UPDATED MOBILITY (Y)OUR UPDATED MOBILITY

(Y)OU (Y)our updated mobility PRIORITYR

P R Smarter parking in Central O JECT

• The majority of parking for new developments should be accommodated, hidden from street • Taking cars off the streets means more livable view, inside building blocks or half streets underground. • Compacting in parking garages is more efficient • Open air/surface parking should be limited to (cheaper) and frees up space for development minimal on-street parking on one side of the street and preferably in parallel bays • Sites currently with off street surface parking should be redeveloped with buildings or turned into quality public space.

Location: Central District.

Roof treatment and activation Lively plinth

Bigger capacity parking: City centre parking Underground parking e.g. King St redevelopment

Bigger capacity parking: e.g. King St redevelopment Green and light in courtyard and parking Limited on-street parking on neighbourhood streets

Integrated parking in buildings Regulated on-street parking

56 57 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR UPDATED MOBILITY (Y)OUR UPDATED MOBILITY (Y)our updated mobility Updated train stations

Glasgow’s Stations are important gateways into the • Upgrade to Argyle Line stations (eg Central • St Enoch Subway station is an exemplar of what city centre. At these points visitors should feel Station Low Level and Argyle Street Station) – can be achieved. Seek to emulate equivalent • High quality stations and surroundings are crucial welcome, comfortable and safe. Wayfinding and refresh station interiors, lighting, passenger high standards across the network. for improving the perception of the area orientation should be intuitive and fast. Some of facilities / real-time travel information, • In preparing the DRF it was also noted that • It is also vital for making public transport an these locations have already received additional wayfinding and integration with other modes of attractive alternative to the car investment towards creating high quality space, transport. several of the potential Glasgow HS2 (high clear signage and attractive and logical connections speed) station locations are within the Central • Good connections between different modes of to the surrounding city and other modes of • Several consultees highlighted the possibility of DRF area. transport at these hubs is crucial re-opening a low-level / sub-surface station on transport. This will increase the use of public At Bridge Street Subway and Argyle Street and High transport, walking and cycling as an alternative to the Argyle Line at Trongate. Also scope for • Higher density, mixed use development around vertical interchange with any new station east of Street Stations there exist opportunities to realise (and above - if possible) stations (transit the car and help to regenerate the areas around high density, low car / car-free mixed use stations. the Mercat Building at Glasgow Cross on any orientated development) should be advocated future reopening of the City Union line. The City redevelopment at and above these stations (transit where possible. Opportunities / areas of focus include; Union line would also serve Gorbals with a orientated development) potential halt in Laurieston. • Dependency on Network Rail buy in to realise full • Transform sense of arrival at Central Station Queen Street station is currently undergoing an potential of the project. (including Low Level) with enhancements to • Suggestions from consultees included future- £120m redevelopment which will include new Heilanman’s Umbrella proofing Central by providing additional station entrances and lengthened platforms. platform capacity at Bridge Street (where Location: Central Station, Argyle Street Station, St. Central’s predecessor terminus was originally Enoch Subway, Bridge Street Subway. Applies to situated). Scope to link to Bridge Street Subway. High Street Station (albeit out-with DRF study area)

Well connected Buchanan Bus Station

Re-established Charing Cross station

Queen St Station entrance enchanced

Possibility of HS2 Terminus coming to Central

Highlight the entrance inside of the tunnel

Improve connection to the riverfront 58 59 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR UPDATED MOBILITY (Y)OUR UPDATED MOBILITY (Y)our updated mobility Connecting train stations

The pedestrian link between Queen Street Station Some references were made, during consultations, • Be free of service /delivery vehicles during and Central Station is one of the most important regarding a tunnel linking both stations. Whilst if this peak times • It is vital to encourage public transport usage by connections in the city centre public transport existed it may provide a route sheltered from the making interchange between stations attractive network. It needs to be made clearer and more weather it would diminish the street life and activity • Be augmented with an electric shuttle bus service • Opportunity to enhance pedestrian experience for intuitive. in the area. all on busiest city centre streets The route should seamlessly integrate with the As part of the upgrade of the Stations and their The route should; • Create great first impression of the city surroundings, this link should also be enhanced. It is redeveloped Queen Street Station. an opportunity to enhance the passenger • Incorporate thematic, clear and quality signage experience and showcase the best of Glasgow, and lighting to guide passengers between each including setpiece buildings, streets and squares station including Buchanan Street, Royal Exchange Square, • Pilot best practice inclusive design elements to Nelson Mandela Square and George Square. enhance access for all Many of these spaces have benefitted from • Have pedestrian priority road crossing points significant public realm enhancements. Those that along the route have yet to be upgraded should be prioritised. The route(s) should be arranged to drive footfall and • Incorporate real-time / digital customer Location: The main route may be Gordon Street - promote the retail and food and drink outlets as part information of train times (and walk times to Buchanan Street - West George Street with an of the travel experience and benefit local businesses. stations) alternative via Royal Exchange Square and George Square.

Alternative route for pedestrians showcasing two principal city squares (Royal Exchange Sq. and George Sq.)

60 61 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR UPDATED MOBILITY (Y)OUR UPDATED MOBILITY (Y)our updated mobility Dynamic Buchanan Bus Station

Whilst strictly speaking outwith the DRF area, the interface with Buchanan Bus Station is so important • Enhance bus passenger experience to encourage that it has been considered within the scope of this higher patronage of network study. • Better integration of bus station into city centre The current experience of entering the city centre • Optimise use of key city centre site from Buchanan Bus Station could be improved. The interchange between rail and bus is almost non existent. See the ‘Buildings’ chapter for a elsewhere, the station has a more compact and project that promotes improved connections intuitive layout.) between the bus terminus, the rail terminus and Any alternative layouts should seek to enhance the Buchanan Street. passenger experience: less walking, more direct, safe As part of any project that makes Glasgow’s bus and intuitive links to the centre. system smarter and more attractive, there is scope to There is scope to integrate the new bus station in a improve the bus station. mixed use building development, using a key city There may be scope and benefit in considering centre location more intensively and promoting converting the bus station from a ‘terminal type’ development cluster around transport hubs. A DIRO (drive-in, reverse out : buses stand for a long covered station would provide shelter and electric time, take a lot of space and are slow because they bus fleets would alleviate fume extract issues. need to drive backwards) to a ‘dynamic type’ DIDO Location: Buchanan Bus Station, Buchanan Galleries, (drive-in, drive-out : buses drive through the station Queen Street Train Station to pick up and drop off with lay-over space

Taxi and car drop-off zone

Upgrade public square in front of the main entrance entrance

New connection in-between the shopping centre and the adjacent car parking

Proposed new connection to train station Dedicated bus stop / interchange on Cathedral Street to serve rail station and relieve bus station

62 63 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR UPDATED MOBILITY (Y)OUR UPDATED MOBILITY (Y)our updated mobility Street safety and Accessibility

Streets should be designed in an intuitive and logical way, applying a ‘Designing Streets’ approach. This • Many current streets have a traditional layout with means that the design of a street, square or crossing a lot of space for cars. More space for pedestrians clearly indicates to car-users, cyclists and pedestrians and bikes and a less paternalistic layout creates intuitively how to behave; where they have priority or more awareness and safety between different whether they are sharing the space. This means that users. streets become more differentiated (see Tartan concept). sequencing, less street markings and signs cluttering street-scene. This will need further detailing in GCC’s • In busy access streets / Avenues like Argyle Street ‘Street Design Guidelines’. / Trongate cars access is maintained with a more traditional design (asphalt, footways, Accessibility for all users is an integral part of building zebras, ..). and street design guidelines. Integrating inclusive design for optimum accessibility for those with • In the quieter neighbourhood streets, mobility or sensory impairments or autism should carriageways can be narrower with sets or enable better spaces for all. equivalent materials. It is proposed to have a Pedestrian and Accessibility • Streets should be laid out to slower design Champion to advocate for and secure improved speeds and encouraging ‘passive enforcement’ of accessibility for all. (Refer to the transforming (Y)our parking. City Centre companion document) There are less/few pedestrian guardrails, longer ‘green Location: Central District. man’ periods and pedestrian priority traffic-light

64 65 03 (Y)OUR GREAT STREETS AND SPACES (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR GREAT STREETS AND SPACES (Y)OUR GREAT STREETS AND SPACES Current: unremarkable, car dominated spaces Analysis streets and public spaces

Inaccessible green space Impermeable megastructures Central DRF area is characterised by Glasgow’s urban street breaking the urban fabric grid. Most of these streets are car dominated, and many consultees highlighted the detrimental impact of traffic and poor pedestrian experience in much of the area. Many consultees raised concern at the maintenance and quality of streets in the city centre. The quality of the overall experience of the city’s streets and public spaces is of paramount importance; businesses, shoppers, residents and tourists all demand an attractive and comfortable experience and will chose to spend time and money elsewhere if the standard is poor. Public spaces are hard, car The Central DRF area has the most important public spaces dominated and lacking amenity in Glasgow, including George Square and Buchanan Street (the main spine of the ‘Golden Z’). Most consultees highlighted the need to significantly enhance George Square, and to enliven and use the network of public spaces, including the riverside. Concerns were raised by many regarding the deterioration of Sauchiehall Street and Argyle Street, with diminished retail offer and quality and a pressing need to reinvigorate these streets in the era of internet retail. Many consultees noted that the poor quality streetscapes detract from the famous architectural heritage of the historic city. The area is dominated by Most streets are car dominated spaces throughout the unneccessary through traffic district. Analysis confirms consultees’ comments and observations that there is too much space allocated for motorised vehicles in comparison to pedestrian and cycle. There is currently 3 times as much space allocated to traffic as there is pedestrian space, and in certain locations in the Central DRF area the imbalance is even more pronounced. Upgrading pedestrian friendly streets and spaces, to a standard befitting a leading European city, and providing a better connected and higher quality pedestrian and Underused public space cycle networks is crucial. Analysis confirms many people’s impression that the city centre (and Central DRF area in particular) is a hard, and Lack of riverside activity sometimes harsh, environment with barely any soft St Enoch shopping centre blocking landscaping or green space. direct connection to the river

68 69 © Crown Copyright (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR GREAT STREETS AND SPACES (Y)OUR GREAT STREETS AND SPACES Current: unremarkable, car dominated space Analysis streets and public spaces

Car dominated environment - Argyle Street Underperforming main city square - George Square

Unappealing public space - St. Vincent Lane Great people place - Buchanan Street

70 71 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR GREAT STREETS AND SPACES (Y)OUR GREAT STREETS AND SPACES

(Y)our great streets and spaces Updated Golden ‘Z’ Overview streets and spaces projects Cut through Buchanan Galleries

• Improve existing key public spaces, e.g. George Green park and play spaces Square, Golden “Z”, Blythswood Square. • Create a River Park along the city centre’s riverfront (see Broomielaw and St Enoch DRFs). • Create a pedestrian-friendly street environment by capitalising on the ‘Avenues’ investment at Adopt a Superblock / appropriate connecting streets e.g. Miller Street. Smart Grid approach • Create a ‘green’ Pedestrian Loop connecting central Glasgow’s two main squares (George Sq and Blythswood Sq) with the River Park Central Business District High Street • Design for rain : work with the prevailing climate to create positive micro-climates. • Reconnect missing links : create a comprehensive and fully connected pedestrian and cycle network. • Calm traffic : street designs that ensure passive enforcement to reduce traffic speeds, illegal Updated George Square parking and give pedestrian priority. • Lively street-fronts : activate street frontages and enable lively street-scenes. Glorious Argyle Street Create and enhance the Green Pedestrian Loop linking River Park, George Square and Blysthwood Design for rain

Street connection to riverfront

Cut through St. Enoch Shopping Centre See Chapter (Y)our River Park

72 73 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR GREAT STREETS AND SPACES (Y)OUR GREAT STREETS AND SPACES (Y)our great streets and spaces Bigger context: improved public spaces and connections

The proposed ambition to improve public space in the city centre should consist of these key elements: • Increase attractiveness of walking and cycling to induce more active travel and less reliance on The River Clyde corridor is converted into Glasgow private car city centre’s biggest city park (see River Park chapter). • Good neighbourhood amenities such as green spaces and play spaces make the centre more The City Deal funded EIIPR Avenues project attractive for inhabitants, visitors and investors upgrades principal streets within the city centre. • Spectacular parks and events squares will attract The tartan street grid concept proposes clearer more tourists/visitors and supplement increased street hierarchy to optimise the urban grid and footfall to boost the economy create higher quality streets: more specialised in function and more specific in spatial character. An urban Event Square as part of the Improving pedestrian and cyclist links to make a re-development of the King Street site in St. Enoch fine-grained, comfortable and logical network; to plug a gap in event space provision as part of a repairing historic connections which have been more optimal hierarchy of city centre public events severed or attending to obvious missing links. spaces should be considered. The tartan concept proposes higher quality streets: more specialized in function A series of pocket parks should be added to This would relieve George Square and St. Enoch and more specific in spatial character. compensate for the lack of quality public green and Square from overly intensive, insensitive uses. play spaces within the city centre. Location: City Centre

EIIPR Avenues

Break through Buchanan Galleries City centre pedestrian routes connect different key public spaces

New connections through St Enoch shopping centre

74 75 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR GREAT STREETS AND SPACES (Y)OUR GREAT STREETS AND SPACES

(Y)OU (Y)our great streets and spaces PRIORITYR

P R Variation in street character (Tartan) O JECT

This concept deals with a series of challenges and opportunities: • Makes a more attractive and livable city -- The street grid is fantastic but a bit repetitive. • Stimulates more sustainable and healthy mobility There is potential for more variation and quality, • With the oversize of Glaswegian streets there is Busy access streets to create a more legible street grid which is enough space available Calm neighbourhood streets easier to navigate through. • Review one-way system and verify optimal traffic Pedestrian promenades -- At present cycling, walking or commuting by management Bike priority streets bus can be very unattractive. To make Bus priority streets

sustainable mobility (active travel and public Lanes transport) a serious alternative (over the car), For example: routes/networks need to be safer, faster, more The first aspect that defines the character of the street: The traffic function. intuitive, reliable and comfortable. • In quiet neighbourhood streets, the extra space -- With the proposed reduction of car traffic in the can be dedicated to green private frontyards. city centre (no more through traffic, less street • In main pedestrian routes like Argyle Street or parking, better public transport) street space Saltmarket footways can be widened with space becomes even more abundant. It is possible to for cafe / terraces and trees (in ground or start to think about alternative uses for the city containers). centre streets. • In bike streets a wide bike lane is created. This project refers to the spatial aspects of the streets. See ‘(Y)our updated mobility’ for the traffic • In bus streets the extra space goes to and transport aspects. segregated bus and cycle lanes. The fact that less street space is taken up by cars and • Any efficiency in the car street network (through that streets have different functional specialties (see better planning or new technologies eg page on the right) can be used to give streets a more autonomous vehicles) should be translated in to specific character. This is not a formal design benefits for pedestrians and cyclists. decision, but as a result of contextual conditions, street function and analysis. This means that the street design can vary (even within one street) Location: City centre and surroundings. EEIPR Avenue according to the use. Other key streets Normal streets

The second aspect: The hierarchy of streets, the importance in the Glaswegian’s mental map.

Predominantly shops

Predominantly office

Predominantly residential The tartan concept proposes higher quality streets with a more specific spatial character. Mixed uses Not as a formal design decision, but as a result of contextual conditions. Predominantly closed facade

The third aspect: The use of the buildings, the liveliness of the plinth, streetside activities.

76 77 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR GREAT STREETS AND SPACES (Y)OUR GREAT STREETS AND SPACES

(Y)OU (Y)our great streets and spaces PRIORITYR

P R Variation in street character (Tartan) O JECT

Busy access street (20m width*) Pedestrian promenade (20m width*)

Calm neighbourhood street (20m width*) Bike priority street (20m width*)

* Glasgow city centre street width from 18m to 25m in general.

78 79 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR GREAT STREETS AND SPACES (Y)OUR GREAT STREETS AND SPACES

(Y)OU (Y)our great streets and spaces PRIORITYR

P R Variation in street character (Tartan) O JECT

Bus priority street (20m width*)

The Glasgow city centre grid lends itself to the Superblock concept pioneered in Barcelona. the opportunity exists to reduce car penetration by allowing local access only between principal streets (eg the ‘Avenues’). This should be piloted between Sauchiehall Street / Bath Street and St. Vincent Street around Blythswood Square.

Lane (5m width)

* Glasgow city centre street width from 18m to 25m in general.

80 81 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR GREAT STREETS AND SPACES (Y)OUR GREAT STREETS AND SPACES

(Y)OU (Y)our great streets and spaces PRIORITYR

P R Green streets, parks and play spaces O JECT

Glasgow needs more green and more play spaces: • Vital to creating more attractive public spaces and Create green roofs to enhance • Besides the bigger green spaces like the River changing the perception of the area biodiversity and attenuate water (‘Sponge City’) Park and Glasgow Green, smaller parks, squares Intensify urban density by and green street are desirable throughout the • Will make a more healthy and happy city ‘topping up’ buildings city centre. In Central the available space is limited. The biggest opportunity is to create green and play spaces as part of the clustered trees or solitary trees seems most redevelopment of the King Street site (a new suitable. route from Buchanan Street to Glasgow Green) and to intensify the use of existing underused • A robust ‘Tree Plan’ needs to be developed green spaces. together with the different Council departments Create publicly accessible Activating green spaces in Central to ensure that maximum ‘greenness’ is achieved ‘pocket parks’ • The amount of trees in Glasgow’s city centre within the technical and financial constraints. This streets needs to be dramatically increased. will need further detailing in ‘Street Design Besides making streets more attractive, trees are Guidelines’. needed to filter micro-particles, absorb CO2 and create more bio-diversity. Not every street may Location: All Central streets and roofs. require trees since there are monumental vistas or special street fronts to be protected. In Central streets are narrow and intimate. A strategy with

Roof-top green and play spaces

Potentially activate lanes

Potential ‘quick wins’ to enhance urban green space

Redefined roles of different squares/ public spaces in city centre

Research activating courtyard spaces

82 83 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR GREAT STREETS AND SPACES (Y)OUR GREAT STREETS AND SPACES (Y)our great streets and spaces Updated streets of “Golden Z”

Sauchiehall Street and Argyle Street will be upgraded as part of the Avenues project. Buchanan • To strengthen and improve the position of Street is not part of the Avenues upgrade project. Glasgow’s shopping district it is important to keep The actions below apply to the whole Golden Z, investing/refreshing including Buchanan Street. • Uprades of the extremities of the Golden Z can • Clean up clutter in the streets. Take out all reverse the decline of these areas Street furniture in line with elements that are not absolutely necessary Messy, unclear streetscape trees (phone booths, advertisement, ...). • Re-organize necessary elements (terraces, • Increased pedestrian experience towards the seating, lighting, street bins, wayfinding, green) river. This should include adjustments to St. in clusters along 2 lines on two sides of the Enoch Square. streets. • Integration of lanes adjacent to the main • Improved cleaning and maintenance regime. shopping streets to promote a fully functional and attractive pedestrian area around the main • Deliveries only outside shop opening hours and axis of commercial activity in Glasgow. especially not during rush hour. Location: Sauchiehall Street, Buchanan Street, • Scope to improve experience of street (podiums Argyle Street (East of Central Station). for activity as part of street design?) Current situation Proposed situation

High quality street frontages on Buchanan Street

Activated Buchanan St all the way to the riverfront

84 85 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR GREAT STREETS AND SPACES (Y)OUR GREAT STREETS AND SPACES

(Y)OU (Y)our great streets and spaces PRIORITYR

P R Design for rain O JECT

Despite the climate and prevailing wind / rain Glasgow has very few sheltered or covered 24/7 • Enhanced comfort in key locations in Glasgow’s publicly accessible spaces. This proposal seeks to city centre increase comfort in key public spaces, by creating • Buchanan Street could become an even more covered streets / squares / lanes so Glaswegians can attractive leisure / retail destination enjoy being outside more often. Livelier public spaces will enhance the city. -- Entrances into railway stations (Dundas Lane, -- The area between key public transport nodes Gordon St.), (eg. Central Station, Queen Street Station and -- Potentially some of the historic streets and Buchanan Bus Station) is where canopies could squares with high quality designed galleria. be focussed, including parts of Buchanan Street. -- Viaduct Upgrades: Hielanman’s Umbrella/ -- A full covering of the route between the Midland St/underpasses off Bridge St to Stations was considered but, following Tradeston/beneath City Union line (enhanced consultations, deemed to be technically too lighting, artwork) challenging and negatively impacting the historic streetscape. Therefore a more localised As part of the proposed Street Design Guidelines a approach is proposed; unified canopy design for use in key public spaces is needed. -- With pedestrians walking from canopy to canopy on-street Location: The area between Central Station, Queen Street Station and Buchanan Bus Station -- Glass covered lanes and back courts

Occasional squares and spaces are covered

Hielanman’s Umbrella as station lobby Lanes become shopping arcades

86 87 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR GREAT STREETS AND SPACES (Y)OUR GREAT STREETS AND SPACES

(Y)OU (Y)our great streets and spaces PRIORITYR

P R Glorious George Square O JECT

George Square is one of Scotland’s most important Before developing specific design proposals it is public spaces. However, as feedback from consultees essential to define the hierarchy of urban spaces in confirms, it falls far short as a high quality urban the city centre and understand what functions and space. It is asked to perform too many functions, and events should go where and why. fails to fulfil any of them adequately. It is a giant roundabout, a place of arrival and orientation in the Many design proposals have been made for George city, a place to enjoy good weather and company, a Square in the recent past. They have not been place to picnic, a (hardly) green space, a successful because the requirements for the square ceremonial place (including for Remembrance), a were not clear enough. place for protest, for music and performance, a With the proposal to make an event square in St display of historic monuments, a seasonal events Enoch and the proposal to take cars and buses off venue (eg Winter Festival) and other things George Square (See: (Y)our updated mobility), there besides. This many competing functions can only is scope to give George Square back its grandeur result in compromising the quality and clarity of the and to make the space more appropriate. spatial design. George Square needs to be given back its dignity, rather than be commercialised.

Calm traffic in surrounding New public spaces in the city centre for different streets of Geroge Square scale of event to be relocated from Geroge Square

Event space is relocated to the new plaza in King St (refers to St. Enoch DRF)

88 89 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR GREAT STREETS AND SPACES (Y)OUR GREAT STREETS AND SPACES (Y)our great streets and spaces Glorious George Square

This project doesn’t seek to add yet another design but it would suggest the following guiding • Create a great ‘national’ square; a dignified, principles: accessible people place to gather for celebrations, remembrance or protest. • George Square should be a civic square which is pedestrian-friendly and comprises the • Provide a memorable and positive ‘image’ of the highest quality materials and planting. city. • Consider the Square holistically as a coherent • Central Glasgow has very few urban squares in urban space, from building facade to building which to enjoy being outdoors. facade, and integrate with adjacent • George Square should be one of Europe’s great streetscape. urban squares, framed by great buildings • Vehicular traffic should be removed from including the City Chambers and a revamped around George Square, in full or in part. Queen Street Station. • Events requiring intrusive ‘staging’ should be hosted in a purpose designed urban ‘events square’ in e.g. St. Enoch or elsewhere. This would free up George Square to be a people place for relaxation and for occasional national gatherings (celebration, remembrance).

Location: George Square and direct surroundings.

Take out car traffic and extend the square:

Large amount of cars and buses passes through the square

Improve N/S pedestrian connection

Access only by exemption

Current situation, square is roundabout. Step 1: First extension, while keeping traffic. Step 2: Traffic is out, square is big.

After car traffic and events are gone, the square can get a more specific function and design (first ideas):

Classic layout Public Park Cerimonial square with relocated, Smaller square improved and added statues

Quiet, pedestrian friendly George square

Restore/enhance the historic square? Option: Gallery of Scottish heroes Option: Lush green park with smaller squares on both sides

90 91 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR GREAT STREETS AND SPACES (Y)OUR GREAT STREETS AND SPACES

(Y)OU (Y)our great streets and spaces PRIORITYR

P R Hielanman’s Umbrella as station lobby O JECT

• By improving Hielanman’s Umbrella, Glasgow gets two great upgrades in one: a great station lobby Hielanman’s Umbrella is a strategic point in the city. • Cleans up facades and ceiling of the Umbrella / and a great connection between Broomielaw and It connects the two sides of Argyle Street and station undercroft and brings lights to daylight St. Enoch functions as a Station entrance from Broomielaw and levels to celebrate the engineering / built St Enoch. heritage. The space is currently very unattractive (dark, dirty • Fundamentally widen and open up the unsafe and dominated by traffic). This station entrances from the Umbrella into the station. entrance lacks the welcoming appeal of the Gordon Street entrance that, despite being blighted by • Create wider footways for pedestrians, while excessive traffic, has a grandeur befitting Scotland’s keeping enough space for cyclists and possibly busiest station. other traffic to drive through slowly. This project proposes to reduce car and bus traffic • Improve pavement quality, including natural under the rail viaduct and turn it into a light and stone on carriageway. Subtle but recognisable attractive station lobby which; distinction between lanes. • Enhances the connection between • Actively engage with owner(s) / occupier(s) of neighbourhoods (St. Enoch and Broomielaw) commercial spaces between Hope Street and Union Street to upgrade the space and uses. Current situation Proposed situation • Seeks to reduce car and bus traffic as much as possible (only taxi and small local electric Network Rail would be instrumental in executing this proposal. Busy car traffic and dark lighting make Hielanman’s Transform Hielanman’s Umbrella into station lobby by buses, re-route big regional and/or diesel buses Umbrella an unpleasant dirty and unsafe passage. Station entrances lighting up the covered space and improving the shop and other traffic). Location: Hielanman’s Umbrella between Hope are hidden and unwelcoming. fronts on both side. Minimal amounts of (electric) traffic Street and Union Street. allowed.

Highlighted station entrance Move station entrances close to both Hope St and Union St

Lively shopfronts

92 93 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR GREAT STREETS AND SPACES (Y)OUR GREAT STREETS AND SPACES (Y)our great streets and spaces Central Station Entrances

Glasgow Central Station is the busiest station on the Scottish rail network. It is a key gateway into the city • Create a clean and tidy arrival to the station with nearly 29m passengers per annum. • Streamline and improve transport connections The station architecture and concourse is impressive, surrounding the station as are many of the buildings surrounding the station. • Restrict vehicular access to Gordon St improving However at the point of arrival the street atmosphere around the station environments give a chaotic and confusing first impression of the city centre. interchange between bus and train (or visa versa) Gordon Street is often full with service vehicles, taxis thereby avoiding the need to cross over streets to turning and buses. It creates a cluttered streetscene get to / from the Station. which feels uninviting and unsafe. Service access / deliveries should be restricted to times outwith All Station entrances should be upgraded, with station opening hours. Consideration should be enhanced lighting. The Heilanman’s Umbrella should given to complete pedestrianisation of Gordon be upgraded as an inviting ‘station lobby’ from Street (with taxis / buses providing drop off on Hope Argyle Street. Street and Union Street). This would create a calmer, more appealing passenger experience at the main Wayfinding signage, links to / from Queen Street station entrance. Station and Buchanan Bus Station should be more apparent and intuitive. Revise traffic light In parallel with a review of the city grid reversing the sequencing so pedestrians are prioritised. Modify one way system so Union Street is northbound and streetscape on surrounding streets to suppress Hope Street southbound would ensure seamless traffic speeds.

Clean fuel bus loop to Queen Street

Restrict vehicular access to Gordon Street. Consider pedestrianisation or Remove clutter and pedestrian / taxi / bus one way only. traffic conflicts

Active concourse

One way system is reversed One way system is reversed

Improve Station access from Argyle Street / Hielanman’s Umbrella

94 95 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR GREAT STREETS AND SPACES (Y)OUR GREAT STREETS AND SPACES

(Y)OU (Y)our great streets and spaces PRIORITYR

P R Bothwell Street: The CBD High Street O JECT

Bothwell Street naturally acts as a ‘High Street’ for the Central Business District. It also is one of the • Bothwell Street is the natural ‘high street’ for the main streets with highest footfall at peak rush hours Central Business District. with pedestrians accessing this part of the city via • it is not currently identified within the EIIPR the main rail stations. Avenues public realm investment plan Current situation This situation is being reinforced as new office • Bothwell Street is currently benefitting from development is completed and occupied on St significant private developer investment Vincent Street and Bothwell Street itself. increasing footfall Bothwell Street is also (currently) the gateway to central Glasgow when arriving from the airport / designed to naturally suppress traffic speeds and motorway via the M8 off ramp. create a high quality pedestrian environment. The quality of the streetscape environment requires The introduction of street trees and enhanced significant enhancement so it can fulfil this role, lighting (integrated to respect and showcase the creating a high quality first impression when arriving built heritage) will improve the image and quality of from the main stations or airport and to provide a this important street at the heart of the CBD. backdrop the city’s established and improving business and hotel districts. Location: Bothwell Street from M8 off ramp to Hope Street Proposed situation Traffic has a tendency to speed as it comes off the motorway off-ramp. Bothwell Street needs to be

By reducing the busy car traffic, make Bothwell Street a even more lively street

96 97 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR GREAT STREETS AND SPACES (Y)OUR GREAT STREETS AND SPACES (Y)our great streets and spaces Surface water management strategy Peak overflow Porous pavement for infiltration Green on streets to absorb water Green roofs retain water

The existing GCC Surface Water Management Strategy identifies the following steps in relation to Integrated • Increased intensity of rainfall demands climate Sustainable Urban Drainage systems: change adaptation / resilience to future-proof city • Some areas in the city centre have reached maximum drainage capacity so innovative • Source control (retention and harvesting), solutions are needed • Conveyance (retention and infiltration) • When done well, these systems can make public • Storage (ponds and bunkers) space and buildings more attractive • Preparation for exceedance • Property protection. Not all listed measures in the strategy may be suitable in Central. They may be complicated to enforce / integrate (building development), take up too much space (that cannot be used for e.g. playing) or might cause maintenance issues. Further study is advised. When done well the measures will add quality to the public space and buildings. Location: Central District.

Green roof to retain rainwater

Surface water drainage in streets

Green roof on new development

98 99 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR GREAT STREETS AND SPACES (Y)OUR GREAT STREETS AND SPACES (Y)our great streets and spaces Public art

Art in the public realm should not be just a pretty or provocative object. It should add functionality to a • Great art with a inspiring/functional/activating space as an object (comfort, playing, sporting, aspect is a valuable addition to public space informing, etc.) It should be exceptional (not • When treated lightly, there is a risk of art which mediocre). It should be contextual. It should be well looses appeal quickly and becomes a ‘stand in the made, with an adequate budget, so it keeps its appeal way’ (whether the artwork is temporary or permanent). During the selection process the artist/ designer should prove competence in the cross-over between public-space design and arts. A programme of temporary and / or permanent art should be curated by the Central District Artist-in- Residence.

Location: Central District.

100 101 04 (Y)OUR GREAT BUILDINGS (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL SPATIAL OBSERVATIONS SPATIAL OBSERVATIONS Historic development

This historic map progression illustrates the growth synonymous with Glasgow city centre. The planned and red sandstone. Georgian townhouses on has diminished the quality of the streetscape in of Glasgow. It shows how High Street, Saltmarket, urban grid is nowhere more apparent and extant. Blythswood Hill sit above exuberant buildings of many locations. Bridgegate, Argyle Street and Trongate were the first The architectural embellishment apparent in the commerce and culture from the Victorian and streets of Glasgow. It indicates the rapid expansion urban architecture of the late 18th to early 20th Edwardian eras to designs by pre-eminent architects 20th and 21st century intervention in this urban of the Blythswood Hill grid across this part of the city century architecture signifies the emergence of a including Thomson, Mackintosh, Salmon, Burnett setting have been of varying quality. Megastructures centre, with setpiece urban squares and buildings. It global city of immense commercial clout and and Miller. Urban infrastructure, principally the main such at Blythswood Court (previously the Anderston shows the concentration of activity along the river cultural significance. The area contains some of the rail stations and bridges over the Clyde, were Centre) and the retail malls have affected the when sea-going trade and travel was booming. It greatest urban architecture in the UK, composed executed with a similar degree of ambition. continuity of urban street networks. More recent demonstrates how major rail stations were within an urban grid laid out over the drumlins of development has respected the cityscape whilst introduced in to the city centre. It confirms the Blythswood Hill and down to the River Clyde and the Most of this splendid urban architecture is intact, creating noteworthy examples of contemporary impact the M8 motorway and comprehensive Merchant City. though regrettably some is under threat. Whilst buildings including the BOAC building on Buchanan redevelopment had on the edges of the city centre much of inner Glasgow was badly affected by Street, the Italian Centre, the Lighthouse and the and reveals the imposition of major shopping malls The great civic architecture of the principal squares; motorway construction and comprehensive area Radisson hotel on Argyle Street. on the contemporary cityscape. George Square, Blythswood Square and Royal redevelopment the Central DRF area was largely Exchange Square is linked by a rich array of unaffected, albeit unsympathetic road engineering The Central DRF area captures much that is architectural styles from every epoch, hewn in blond

Planning of the urban grid

First extension towards the Clyde river

The 1547 city The 1778 city The 1866 city

Central station

The 1909 city The 1951 city The 2012 city

104 105 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL SPATIAL OBSERVATIONS SPATIAL OBSERVATIONS Historic development

Panoramic view over Glasgow from the east end in 1693 Central Station in 1890s George Square in 1929

Lively and populated Sauchiehall Street

Glorious Buchanan St

Strong architectural legacy

St Vincent Church Buchanan Street Sauchiehall Street

106 107 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR GREAT BUILDINGS (Y)OUR GREAT BUILDINGS Current: mixed quality urban structure Analysis built environment

The Central district is rich with beautiful and spectacular historic buildings. There are some Buchanan Galleries cut off Historic urban fabric with high quality incredible examples from virtually every architectural connections from bus terminal epoch, and there are some excellent examples of buildings requiring revitalisation. building conservation and re-use. Unfortunately many of the city’s historic buildings are in a poor state of repair, notably at the southern and northern edges of the Central district. Many Glaswegians are immensely proud and appreciative of their built heritage, but also deeply concerned about its maintenance. Extra attention is needed to preserve Glasgow’s heritage. Unfortunately recent and new developments are not always of a quality that does justice to the historic Blythswood Court megastructure environment. Stronger vision to ensure highest build Poorly integrated train station disrupts urban grid quality is essential. More robust focus is needed. undergoing transformation. The Central district has a strong urban identity. There are some fantastic set-piece urban spaces and buildings. There are significant areas of the Central district with an established urban form, with gap sites concentrated in the northern and southern areas. There is considerable change around both major stations, and changing patterns of use as offices relocate and retail grapples with new trends Numerous heritage buildings at in shopping. risk requiring urgent attention Most blocks in the Central district are occupied but the building heights are not extremely high. There may be scope to top-up buildings to allow more people to live work and enjoy the city centre, and to creatively retrofit under-occupied buildings to foster Opportunities for high quality a mixed-use city centre. contemporary design to infill The larger building complexes like the train stations Scotland’s largest Grade A and retrofit city centre and shopping centres have poor permeability. listed building Through connections need to be improved from which both the city and the buildings’ operators will benefit.

St Enoch Shopping Centre blocks connections to the river

108 109 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR GREAT BUILDINGS (Y)OUR GREAT BUILDINGS Current: Mix of high and low quality buildings Analysis built environment

Newer mixed-use developments - Buchanan Street Big shopping mall forms a barrier between train and bus stations - Buchanan Galleries

Historic building in poor condition, 217-221, Argyle Street Large number of listed historic buildings - GOMA

110 111 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR GREAT BUILDINGS (Y)OUR GREAT BUILDINGS

(Y)our great buildings Imaginatively and Overview building projects positively respond to GSA Enliven street frontages fire

-- Potential building add-on and infill for higher density city centre: more people living, working Open up Blythswood New connections and enjoying the city centre. Square Preserved buildings at risk established -- Heritage buildings should be highlighted and integrated with any new development. -- Upgraded building street fronts on key streets and squares, including Argyle Street, Golden Z, George Square, and Blythswood Square. -- Use building guidelines to increase quality of existing and new buildings and strengthen character of neighbourhoods -- Break through disruptive structures, repair urban Upgraded George Square fabric. Retrofit and ‘top-up’ buildings where appropriate

Reconstructed street edges

Integrated historic buildings

Restored riverfront

Developed empty plots

112 113 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR GREAT BUILDINGS (Y)OUR GREAT BUILDINGS (Y)our great buildings Bigger context: repaired urban fabric

For the success of the city centre it is crucial that As noted elsewhere there is a recognition that one more people live, work and visit. This can be done by of the city centre’s greatest assets is its built • Glasgow is one of Europe’s great historic cities, occupying the last remaining empty sites, re-using heritage and conserving, adapting and re-using with an immense architectural heritage. existing empty or under-used buildings and by historic buildings to ensure they endure is critical. • More people living and working in the city centre topping-up existing buildings. The intensification makes the city more attractive and economically requires high quality and the right mix of uses. When seeking to intensify the city centre’s uses and activity it will be essential to explore innovative ways competitive Central District has few empty sites. Some sites are to enable mixed uses vertically and horizontally. This • Well defined, active public spaces framed by still available around St Enoch Shopping Centre and may require assessing modifications in policy quality buildings will create a more convivial city Buchanan Street Station (slightly outwith the DRF (planning, environmental, building) to sensibly which is welcoming, safer and easier to navigate area). Many of those are already under development. enable more mixed use development. around It is crucial that the Council ensures the quality of new developments through design guidelines. Intensification of uses in the city centre should • Repairing and revitalising the city centre with care cluster at key nodes (eg. public transport). This and a commitment to high quality new buildings New developments should support and repair the should include the Buchanan Bus Station which and reactivated historic buildings will be widely surrounding context, rather than contrasting. New could be integrated into a new high density supported buildings should reconstruct the street profile and development that forms the gateway to the North. respect the adjacent (historic) buildings. New developments should seek to incorporate the most Location: Central District lively/attractive functions and the best architecture.

Reconnected Buchanan Galleries

Higher density Central

Repair Argyle St

Reconnected St. Enoch

114 115 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR GREAT BUILDINGS (Y)OUR GREAT BUILDINGS

(Y)OU (Y)our great buildings PRIORITYR

P R Building add-ons and infills O JECT

• High density in city centres is more sustainable: Roof extensions? less car use, more footfall, lively/safe streets, A guiding principle in the Central DRFs is to get more energy efficient buildings people to live, work and enjoy the city centre. New developments need to have a higher density. • When carefully done it will be pleasant and human scale. How can this be done, while at the same time providing light and sunny streets? Where there are gap • It can be done with respect for the city’s heritage sites (mostly outwith the Central DRF area) building guidelines are required to define building heights, skyline, relationship to the street and shaping urban street so it is not visible (and light/sun is form to create positive microclimates. guaranteed). But how is this best done when there are so few gap • OR anything higher than the average building sites left in the Central DRF area? And while the height of the area needs to be slender (width to centre is historically protected with an extensive height ratio is minimum 1:3) and have Conservation Area? It is proposed that ‘topping-up’ exceptional quality (similar to historic church existing buildings needs to be stimulated. spires and civic landmarks). A stepped strategy is proposed to safeguard quality: Building Guidelines are needed to specify exactly the quantity, quality and attributes of new developments • Within the Conservation Area it is possible to and those proposing ‘topping-up’. Buildings just build new to the same average height as the outside the Conservation Area boundary need to be surrounding buildings. designed with strong consideration of these rules as well. • Anything higher than the average building height of the area needs to step back from the Location: Glasgow city centre All roofs extended one floor up add 2 175 000 m2 / 23 400 000 ft2

Roof add-ons ?

Same amount of square meters added in units that contain one dwelling each makes it additional 21 750 units, which will bring over 45 000 new inhabitants.

116 117 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR GREAT BUILDINGS (Y)OUR GREAT BUILDINGS (Y)our great buildings Historic Central and Buildings at Risk

The goal is to keep as many historically significant buildings as possible and restore the ones that are in • Investing in conservation and reuse of heritage Within Central DRF area the current Buildings at Risk • 243-245, St Vincent Street, City Centre a poor condition. Glaswegians (and visitors) value buildings is worthwhile as it increases character/ register includes; value of the surroundings • 158, Argyle Street, City Centre the built heritage and recognise its importance to • Egyptian Halls, 84-100, Union Street, City Centre the urban identity of the city centre. • It also forces developers and architects to go • 217-221, Argyle Street, City Centre • Lion Chambers, 172, Hope Street, City Centre Special attention should be paid to buildings that beyond standard (often soul-less) practice to • 60, James Watt Street, Anderston have been designated as at extra risk and which may integrate old and new in an authentic and • Castle Chambers, 51-57, West Regent Street, City be lost forever if not maintained soon. There are meaningful way. Centre • 321-333, Argyle Street, City Centre some high profile, architecturally significant • 71-75, Robertson Street, City Centre ‘buildings at risk’ within Central DRF area that many Towards the edges of the Central DRF area there are • Odeon Cinema (Former), Renfield Street, City are passionate about (eg. ‘Greek’ Thomson’s Egyptian some historic buildings that have been under Centre • 43, Oswald Street, City Centre maintained for many years. Nevertheless they still Halls, or James Salmon Jrs’s Lion Chambers) that • Custom House, 298, Clyde Street, City Centre must be prioritised to find a sustainable long term have an enduring great value and when improved • 11, Oswald Street, City Centre will become the regenerated area’s future highlights. use that respects these important buildings. • McCorquodales Printers (Former), 90, Maxwell • 50, Argyle Street, Merchant City Street, City Centre There are numerous other examples of less high Repairing individual buildings in tandem with profile, yet important buildings suffering from restoring lost urban form will restore the setting of • 168-170, Hope Street, City Centre vacancy, under-occupation and lack of maintenance. many of these buildings. Solitary historic buildings Enforcement or enabling work is required to attend that were originally part of an urban block should • 123-27, Douglas Street, City Centre again become part of a repaired cityscape. to these in a prioritised manner. The Transforming • 214, Bath Street, City Centre (Y)our Central chapter reviews this issue in further Glasgow’s future should benefit from the rich detail. architectural legacy of its past. • 297-305, Sauchiehall Street, City Centre

St Vincent Church Maximal priority to be given to the buildings at risk

Maximum priority to be given to the buildings at risk

Nelson Mandela Place Integrating listed buildings

Glasgow City Chambers Lion Chambers McCorquodales Printers (Former) Maximum priority to be given to the buildings at risk George Square

Central Station

Retain important historic facades

Integrating listed buildings

118 St. Andrew’s Church 119 Egyptian Halls Castle Chambers (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR GREAT BUILDINGS (Y)OUR GREAT BUILDINGS (Y)our great buildings Lively streetfronts Setbacks and cuts Canopies or galleries Strong visual Attractive Green Space for all bring light to the protect against rain and connection in- materials users street wind outside

• The ground floor (plinth) is where the building interacts with the street. To make Glasgow’s city • Perhaps the most important (and currently centre streets more attractive and safe, a strong underestimated) element of a successful city focus on beautiful, active and accessible centre building plinths is needed. • Maximum effort needed. Without good plinths • It is advised to actively engage with and there is NO good city stimulate owners and users of existing ground floor spaces to revamp streetfronts. • Ambitious Building Design Guidelines may help • The diagram below sets the priority for the describe the standards for each type of upgrade of building plinths (more lively, more ground-floor use. Including housing. See: attractive) to primary and secondary streets. In “Design guidelines needed” this way, the river front, Argyle Street and the Golden Z stand out as primary areas. Except for Buchanan Street the plinths in these streets are currently not up to the quality level that suits a big shopping destination like Glasgow.

Location: Central District.

Lively streetfronts Sauchiehall Street

Lively streetfronts George Square

Lively streetfronts Argyle Street

Lively streetfronts River side

120 121 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR GREAT BUILDINGS (Y)OUR GREAT BUILDINGS (Y)our great buildings Design guidelines needed

The city centre needs ambitious area-specific design Lively plinth 2 Buchanan Street Renovated facades guidelines for buildings, developing from the • Stronger guidance from the council is needed on Lively plinths Roof add- Improve facade Canopy layers rain cover Placemaking Principle guidance in the City building and street design quality. 1/2 layers on facing street Development Plan. This will lead to buildings with • Lack of guidance can lead to poor quality higher quality and stronger urban character. All buildings / spaces parties should be clear on the desired character of new developments. create a strong relation between inside and outside (e.g. with balconies or loggias). It is advised to make guidelines for all areas within • The architecture offers experience at all scales: the Central DRF, dovetailing with a Broomielaw the skyline, the streetscape, the elevation and Outline Masterplan and a similar ambition for St. the façade detail. Enoch. • Visibility of unattractive functions (parking, utilities, ..) is kept to a minimum and (when A first inventory of topics that should be part of such visible) is carefully designed. guidelines could include; • Buildings are flexible for different uses and • Buildings that ‘make’ streets and squares. transformation over time. Ground floors have • Building form to ensure light and positive high story heights, allowing them to absorb microclimate at street level. different functions. • Buildings that are human scaled, heterogeneous • Alternatives to the above principles are possible in architecture/shape. as long as it leads to comparable or better • The ground floor is the most important element quality. Buchanan St West George St of the building. This is where lively and attractive functions are located. Location: Central District. • On upper floors maximum effort is made to

Guideline for building frontages on key streets

Guideline for historic quarter

Guideline for Urbanising the M8 corridor

Guideline for Broomielaw Quarter

Guideline for St. Enoch quarter

122 123 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR GREAT BUILDINGS (Y)OUR GREAT BUILDINGS (Y)our great buildings Open up Buchanan Galleries

The current experience of entering the city centre from Buchanan Bus Station and Queen Street Rail • Dramatically improved experience for visitors Station could be further improved. entering the city by bus and train. With the proposed redevelopment of Queen Street • Increased footfall will benefit Buchanan Galleries, Station and the proposals for the extension of passengers and bus/rail operators Buchanan Galleries there is scope to dramatically • Encourage more people to travel by modes other improve connections between the bus terminal, the than the car train terminal and Buchanan Street. More direct, comfortable and preferably 24/7 connections are needed to make the entrance from these stations into the city centre more attractive, and the interchange between bus and train more effective and attractive. It may be a complex task but increased footfall will benefit all parties: Pedestrians will have more direct, rain covered attractive connections. Public transport will attract more travellers. Buchanan Galleries (and Location: Buchanan Bus Station, Buchanan nearby routes) will have more footfall. Galleries, Queen Street Train Station

New entrance into Buchanan Galleries through John Lewis

Retain and improve entrance steps to Royal Concert Hall

Opened up entrance next to the public square

Continuous link from Buchanan Bus Station to Queen Street

124 125 05 (Y)OUR VIBRANT CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR VIBRANT CENTRAL (Y)OUR VIBRANT CENTRAL Current: Neighbourhood identity Analysis program and neighbourhood character Sauchiehall Street Struggling retail street with lively nightlife area Buchanan Street Blythswood Main shopping street with lively and Historical buildings with good quality public spaces mainly office usages; quiet streets Queen Street University Anderston Station Isolated yet lively area Isolated and quiet Busy train station area dominated by students neighbourhood severed by M8 Centre Business area with some mixed George Square uses. The only formal public square Blythswood Court in Glasgow Poorly integrated 70s Royal Exchange Square megastructure with lots of Set-piece urban setting with a vacant spaces strong character Central Station Major rail station with variety of retail and leisure uses clustered around Merchant City Vibrant, mixed-use Broomielaw neighbourhood with potential to be further improved Monofunctional business district lacking vitality The Central DRF area is characterised by a tight urban grid and consists of numerous distinctive St. Enoch neighbourhoods and character areas. Some of Disjointed area dominated by shopping mall. these are historically significant (the Merchant City and the Blythswood grid). Others have arisen following the imposition of key transport infrastructure or major megastructures built in different eras. River Clyde Cities are in constant change - and these urban Low quality, under-used public space character areas are in various stages of maturity and transition. The Briggait Historic buildings repurposed for arts / 128 129 culture (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR VIBRANT CENTRAL (Y)OUR VIBRANT CENTRAL Current: Neighbourhood identity Analysis program and neighbourhood character

Glasgow Central Station West George Street

George Square Buchanan Street

130 131 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR VIBRANT CENTRAL (Y)OUR VIBRANT CENTRAL Current: Provision amenities around Central

• Currently there are too few local /neighbourhood amenities in the city centre. This is one of the reasons why people don’t want to live there. • Increased community infrastructure should accompany increased city centre residential development and higher density of working populations. • There is a lack of visitor and cultural attractions in the fringes of the city centre. Especially to the south. It is important to locate attractions to draw visitors to those areas and support regeneration. • Analysis of the location of attractions / destinations should inform the alignment of key routes across the city centre.

Too few local/ neighbourhood amenities in the city centre

Lack of attractions in the fringes of the city centre

132 133 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR VIBRANT CENTRAL (Y)OUR VIBRANT CENTRAL (Y)our vibrant Central Bigger context: mixed and vibrant city centre

• More attractive neighbourhoods Townhead: Calm living Sauchiehall Street: small scale shopping street with neighbourhood with sport facilities • Better guidance for future developments local shops and small cafes, diverse nightlife and convenient public amenities

With the re-population of the city centre, more local University: ‘Student hub’ amenities and more visitor attractions, the character/ Blythswood: ‘Connecting lively integrated area great profile of each neighbourhood will be much neighbourhood’ mixed usage, for studying and living stronger and more attractive and will therefore be Finnieston: vibrant emerging city many nice restaurants district, night-life destination more attractive to investors. Anderston: ‘Re-united neighbourhood’ Being clear about what you want with each better connections revive local economy neighbourhood helps the Council to sharpen the Central: Central area with nicely policy and avoid ad hoc decisions. mixed and lively urban spaces George Square: High quality formal public square Location: City centre and surroundings. Blythswood Court: ‘Art Court’ a playground for arts Merchant City: Popular nightlife and entertainment area

Buchanan: ‘Golden I’ street with superior shopping and Amenities in the centre’s fringes Lancefield Quay: ‘The new eating amenities West’ living and SEC related functions Broomielaw: ‘IFSD rebooted’, iconic riverfront, biggest city park along the water

High St: historic street, lively and activated plinth, cultural activities

St. Enoch: ‘Surprising Glasgow’, culture, events, creative industry

Springfield Quay: ‘Playquay’ Riverview: ‘City Centre postcard city centre fun park, better view’, high-end living area St. Andrews in the Square: ‘Secret connected, higher quality Square’, semi-private quiet areas River Clyde: ‘Floating city’ with cafes, restaurants the biggest and best city park of Glasgow There should be more local amenities in the city centre in order to re-populate it. And at the same time new public amenities surrounding the city Tradeston: ‘City Centre South’: reconstructed, centre should be introduced to activate the pedestrian and bike friendly neighbourhoods. Glasgow Green: Major city park, main festival space, getaway from urban environment Laurieston: reconstructed city quarter, new housing and updated community infrastructure

Gorbals: quiet residential area, local shops and amenities

134 135 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR VIBRANT CENTRAL (Y)OUR VIBRANT CENTRAL Updated Sauchiehall Street (Y)our vibrant Central Filling empty spaces and improving the quality of certain buildings especially on ground floor level is part of the strategy to make the Sauchiehall Street lively and inviting space. Strong neighbourhood identities Improving quality of nightlife in the area by providing diverse range of bars and clubs. Cool Blythswood Making Blythswood a transforming area of contrasts (Georgian city grid to high quality contemporary architecture). Blythswood Hill can revert to a mixed use neighbourhood with city centre living, employment, leisure, culture, entertainment (Kings and Mitchell) and leisure. Dynamic Buchanan Street Buchanan Street is one of UK’s major shopping destinations, yet its public space and quality of ground level street activities can be even better. Improving pedestrian connection between Buchanan Bus Station, Queen Street Station and Central Station.

Renewed George Square The biggest public square in Glasgow is currently used for all possible purposes which makes it hard to identify it as the major formal square of the city. By reducing the traffic around the perimeter and cleaning the space up the character of the square will become strong and recognisable.

Welcoming Centre Re-modelling the transport system to make the street circulation efficient and safe for all users. Preserving great historical buildings and filling out empty spaces. Repaired Broomielaw Repairing the urban fabric, achieving the decent level of density Lively Merchant City by providing diverse range of housing and offices, establishing The Merchant City is already a vibrant neighbourhood in the heart of the city safe and welcoming atmosphere by designing great public space. centre. Yet there remain improvements needed to make Merchant City an even better day/night destination for Glasgow. Regeneration of neighbouring areas will help this process.

Activated River Park The biggest new park in Glasgow from Glasgow Green downstream. Play, live and work on the river. Re-discovered St. Enoch Redeveloping the footprint of the buildings & King St carpark, providing throughfares that connect Argyle Street to the Riverfront, and a strong connection from West to East through the currently disused King St car park, which will be filled in with a vibrant mix of uses.

136 137 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR VIBRANT CENTRAL (Y)OUR VIBRANT CENTRAL (Y)our vibrant Central Mixed and repopulated Central

One of the most important goals for the City Centre • Attract more visitors by taking better advantage Strategy is to increase the number of people living, of existing highlights (e.g. quality of functions / • Increased number of people living in the City working and visiting. This increase ensures variety of mix-use, spatial revamping, ensuring Centre, benefits economy and makes city more neighbourhoods become more lively (including that better locations are accessible and visible) lively outside work-hours), leading to more viable and by adding new remarkable, typically • Great shopping experience combined with leisure amenities and a more sustainable, walkable and Glaswegian places and activities. activities and good quality food to create safer city. For Central this means: memorable and attractive city centre • Priority should go to building more housing, so more inhabitants are attracted. Integrating local • Diversified building use above ground level, amenities like schools, health and social adapting a reusing vacant upper floors daycare and play / recreation facilities that • More public amenities introduced imaginatively attract and sustain communities of new within the historic, built up city centre residents is crucial. • Buchanan Street specialising on brand retail / • Take advantage of the various empty sites. multiples whilst Sauchiehall Street and Argyle • Re-purpose empty buildings, consider Streets host local independent shops, grocery redeveloping or topping-up of existing low stores and small cafes / bars. density buildings. Location: Central District • More mixing of functions on neighbourhood and district level is needed; as in future, more diverse, businesses and inhabitants will demand lively surroundings with a mix of urban amenities Proposed situation Current situation Variety of different kinds of Successful shopping area shops from local to big brands

Sauchiehall Street Sauchiehall Street

Blythswood Square Blythswood Square

Queen Street Station Queen Street Station

More housing to Most spaces are offices repopulate Central George Square George Square

Buchanan Street Buchanan Street Introduce different business Central Station Central Station types to Central Central is rich with More cafes and restaurants leisure activities on ground level

More housing in the Argyle Street Merchant City Argyle Street

public amenities public amenities residential residential shops Very little public shops hotel, leisure amenities in Central hotel, leisure More public amenities office office warehouse etc warehouse etc in Central vacant or underused areas 138 139 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR VIBRANT CENTRAL (Y)OUR VIBRANT CENTRAL (Y)our vibrant Central Re-populated Central

One of the most important goals is to increase the number of people living in Central. Whilst there are • Glasgow city centre is under-populated limited gap sites for residential development there is • It needs more permanent residents to create a significant existing building stock which is vacant or ‘baseload’ of daily activity and street life under-occupied, especially upper floors or adapting former Georgian townhouses being vacated by • More residents will enliven the district and create offices. safer streets that are overlooked and have increased footfall Repopulating Central will result in a more lively City Centre, more people walking (less cars) and it will • Create a more dynamic and lively city centre, increase viability of more urban amenities (shops, which has a smoother transition from daytime to leisure, sports, culture). night-time economy Central district could offer a wide mix of houses: for • Diversify current office and retail-oriented students, starters, families, elderly. For all budgets, neighbourhood tenures, cultures, longs/short stay. This means flats, townhouses, live-work units.... To attract new inhabitants, good community infrastructure is required: schools, day-care, sports, play, health, social places as well as more attractive public spaces: green, safe, less car-dominated. Location: Central District

Vacant spaces reproposed Mix of house types in Central is needed

Adapt and extend / top-up existing buildings

140 141 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR VIBRANT CENTRAL (Y)OUR VIBRANT CENTRAL (Y)our vibrant Central Repurpose vacant spaces

A relatively simple and quick way to increase the number of people living and working in Central district is to re-purpose existing vacant or • Dense urban environment in Central will become under-occupied buildings. This is crucial to enhance more diverse and less rigid the liveliness and positive perception of the area (especially Sauchiehall Street). • The potential of existing empty spaces will be realised and will enrich an already vibrant As a minimum the city should make the process as neighbourhood easy as possible: Minimise legal and technical restrictions. Look for solutions instead of issues. Learn lessons from what has worked elsewhere in the Merchant City (eg. King Street) and seek to Positive legal and financial incentives (more than the backfill vacant ground floor units with a rich mix of empty building tax). activity; entrepreneurial, cultural and Actively engage with owners. community-led, rather than expect and demand only retail. A ‘one stop shop’ at the council that facilitates all aspects of the process.

Location: Central District

142 143 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR VIBRANT CENTRAL (Y)OUR VIBRANT CENTRAL (Y)our vibrant Central High Quality shopping experience in Central

Mainstream retail is facing severe challenges in the The transformation of streets in distress as they era of Internet shopping and ‘click and collect’. City move away from being a conventional mainstream • Shopping in Central in combination with the River Centre retail has to provide a quality, memorable shopping street into a diverse and vibrant area with Park, quality leisure and cultural attractions and experience. By implementing the improvements mixed leisure and shopping activities will provide an destinations such as the Merchant City create a outlined in this DRF Glasgow can maximise its assets unforgettable experience to Glaswegians and rich and dynamic mix that will attract visitors and to provide a high quality retail / leisure experience. tourists. benefit Glaswegians. Glasgow’s established ‘Golden Z’ of shopping Complementing the shopping area with a range of extending along Sauchiehall Street / Buchanan bars, event venues and restaurants is a perfect Street /Argyle Street is retreating. Whilst Buchanan environment for relaxation and leisure activities. Street continues to sustain a high performing Adding these will result in lively good quality public destination other streets are suffering decline, spaces. exacerbated by unique circumstances (eg. GSA fire). Establishing such atmosphere in Central is a major In parallel with efforts to continually support project for Glasgow to become an even more high-end brand retail it is crucial to diversify those inviting place and compete with other major locations where conventional retail is failing to be European cities in its offer of retail / leisure and sustained (eg. parts of Sauchiehall Street and Argyle culture. Street). An imaginative application of policy, use of fiscal incentives / grants and business community Location: Central District networks can help explore ways to occupy vacant ex-retail space with independent shops, cafes / bars, social enterprises, culture or community activity.

Key shopping centre

Diverse mix of local / independent shops / Activated public spaces creative / culture uses on Sauchiehall Street

Flagship shops

Local character shops on both ends of Argyle Street

© Crown Copyright

144 145 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR VIBRANT CENTRAL (Y)OUR VIBRANT CENTRAL (Y)our vibrant Central Working in Central

A large portion of the 135,000 people working in • More Grade A office space is required to Glasgow city centre work in this District. This part of continue to attract blue-chip businesses • Create balance and lively neighbourhood by Glasgow drives the city regional economy. The city introducing mixture of usages centre, and Central DRF, must continue to provide • There is a need to continue to provide a jobs and opportunities for Glaswegians from all diversity of workspace environments to enable backgrounds to foster inclusive growth. businesses to grow in place. Provision of a ladder of accommodation enabling micro- To continue to attract and retain thriving businesses businesses to start-up, scale-up and develop is • Employees and employers increasingly (and the talent they need to prosper) the quality of vital. appreciate close proximity to leisure, sport, retail the city as a place to work, live and get around is and green space amenities. Moreover the crucial. • Ensuring high speed, reliable digital connectivity possibility of being able to walk or cycle to work and infrastructure is critical for businesses in all is sought after and blending city centre living Businesses, investors and workers are increasingly sectors. with work environments can help create a mobile and have high expectations of cities within walkable city. which to locate. Evidence, backed up by consultee • Adding more mixed-uses into the office areas feedback, indicates that a convivial city centre will diversity public spaces and streets, • Upgrading public realm and maintenance of supporting a good quality of life, positive city image transforming them from being largely empty streets throughout the Central district will with a well maintained, attractive and safe apart from during rush hours in mornings and improve the image of the area, attracting environment is very important. evenings, into a balanced lively neighbourhood business and investment with active streets through the day and evening. Most buildings in Central are used for office space Location: Central District which makes it one of the major locations for employment in Scotland.

Reliable, high-speed digital connectivity

Adapt existing buildings for live/work, business incubators, micro-business / start-ups

Foster a diverse mix of businesses in Central

Create a ladder of opportunity for business to thrive in Glasgow

Provide new highest quality Grade A office space to attract blue-chip businesses

146 147 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR VIBRANT CENTRAL (Y)OUR VIBRANT CENTRAL (Y)our vibrant Central Nightlife in Central

Central has a very diverse nightlife offer which caters active nightlife so it is important to provide for people with a wide range of interests from across access to all necessary facilities throughout day • Glasgow’s night-life is a vital facet of its quality of the city region. Safety, security and transport are and night. life and attractiveness for Glaswegians and visitors essential to ensure the experience is positive for • Trial regular extension of retail opening hours • Carefully integrate and manage dynamic night-life those enjoying Central district’s bars, restaurants, offer with desire for more city centre living night-clubs and venues as well as those working and and events programme to ensure a smoother living in the area. transition from day to night-time economy • Diverse range of night activities to attract people from all backgrounds and tastes Continual improvement to transport options to • Promote better mix of night-time economy in ensure comfortable, safe transport home for those western area of Central DRF (the Central not staying in the area (building upon the NiteZone Business District) to maintain street footfall concept) activity in to evening • There is a strong demand for late night • Careful licensing and servicing / refuse • Promote lanes activation in line with the Lanes Strategy shopping facilities and restaurants, bars and arrangements to ensure city centre living is clubs. Nightlife scene could be enriched by attractive • Reactivate The Arches as part of Glasgow’s introducing night cinema or opening up a • Proactive street maintenance and quality street- night-life offer and actively support / sustain rooftop for parties. lighting to ensure clean, safe streets and promote quality and diversity of offer across the district • Central district and adjacent areas host many Location: Central District students and young professionals who lead an

148 149 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR VIBRANT CENTRAL (Y)OUR VIBRANT CENTRAL (Y)our vibrant Central Culture in Central

Central district has numerous cultural jewels; the • In parallel with curating public art strategies for Royal Concert Hall, GoMA, the Lighthouse. The city, each district (see (Y)our Great Streets and • Developing cultural programmes that build on and Central district, has a great track record in Spaces chapter) a District ‘artist-in-residence’ Glasgow’s international reputation as a creative hosting events (street art, music festivals, sporting should be appointed to infuse revitalisation of city. events, light festivals) and there is a demand from the district with a cultural dimension, applying • Celebrate all art forms, including architecture, locals and cultural tourists for more. Creativity is lesson learned from Stalled Spaces and other working at all scales with temporary, seasonal and synonymous with Glasgow. relevant cultural programmes. permanent cultural interventions. • As one of the most historic districts Central has a • Ensure culture is inclusive and accessible to all, • Celebrate Glasgow’s architectural culture by range of interesting built and social history that whilst striving for artistic excellence. Promote preserving and showcasing great buildings, need to be preserved, revealed and appreciated. community-led cultural projects. especially those at risk. A great example of an existing cultural spot is The Lighthouse, which should be taken as an • Use cultural projects to demonstrate ways to example for further cultural development of enhance the city; prototype new ways to use Central. spaces and benefit from collective memory and • Manage cultural programme to ensure it is There should be more public amenities and visitor attractions creativity of the city. compatible with mixed use city (eg. enforce beyond the cluster of activities on / near the ‘Golden Z’ (eg. along • It is crucial to provide cultural activities of noise management guidance adjacent to the River Park). different scales, from big museums and concert • Encourage cultural activity to animate venues / busking) whilst ensuring established halls to small pop-up spaces, venues, galleries or under-used or forgotten parts of the city (Lanes, venues can be sustained temporary structures specialising in different vacant upper floors etc.) for the creation and forms of art. presentation of art /performance. Location: Central District

150 151 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR VIBRANT CENTRAL (Y)OUR VIBRANT CENTRAL (Y)our vibrant Central Community infrastructure

Embedding all the necessary community infrastructure in Central is crucial for making • Provision of local amenities will attract more Glasgow city centre a successful place for residents, people to live in Central which will result in a lively Glaswegians and tourists. city Local residents need to have good access to local • Increase in tourism will contribute to local services, particularly if city centre living is to be economy age-friendly. Education, health and social care provision for local population should be woven Central district should represent Glasgow as the intelligently in to the city fabric. There may be scope most diverse and lively district suitable for everyone, to create shared facilities in the periphery of the city offering all the necessary community and cultural centre that benefit neighbourhoods clustered infrastructure and amenities. A place were all around the city centre. The community infrastructure Glaswegians feel a sense of ownership and a in the city centre can also benefit Glaswegians from purpose to be in the city. across the city region. Location: Central District As Central has a highly developed tourist offer, continuing to provide amenities that ensure a welcoming, positive visit to the city are very There should be more local amenities in the city centre in order to important. re-populate it.

Disabled friendly public spaces

Daycare facilities Provision for schools / early years

(Y)our Playful City Centre Inclusive city centre

health and social care facilities

Improved accessibility to public institutions

Children friendly and safe Central

24h accessible local shops 152 153 06 TRANSFORMING (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL TRANSFORMING (Y)OUR CENTRAL TRANSFORMING (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)our Sustainable, Resilient Central

Central, unlike other city centre districts, has few gap sites and therefore integrating climate change • Glasgow has developed progressive strategies for adaptations or low carbon technology is reliant on future-proofing the city (eg. Surface Water retrofitting. Management, Resilient Cities, Climate Ready Clyde etc.). These need to be properly integrated into Nevertheless development and regeneration in the detailed masterplans for priority areas across the Central district should pilot new ways to integrate city centre. sustainable urban solutions (Low carbon, climate change adaptive etc.) that can be applied across all • Consider scope to integrate ground and water DRFs. source heat pumps (using the Clyde) Upgrade of streetscape / public realm (eg EIIPR • Address challenges of surface water management ‘Avenues’ and more) should be infused with integration and greening the city (anticipating sustainable urban drainage and passive and active City Deal EIIPR Avenues and Quays investment) technologies to ensure the city centre is capable of supporting nonpolluting active travel, dramatic changes in climate (eg. flash flooding / increased rainfall, urban heat island effects etc.) New and refurbished buildings should pioneer appropriate building technologies to support low carbon city approach, and investigate district heating / power systems where applicable.

156 157 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL TRANSFORMING (Y)OUR CENTRAL TRANSFORMING (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)our smart Central

(Y)OUR SMART GRID IN CENTRAL The facility has the capability to provide a coordinated, real-time, intelligence-led, response In the case of Central there is an emerging theme to incidents large and small across the city, placing present in several key objectives and priority Glasgow at the leading edge of smart city projects identified by the team. Safety is an management. http://futurecity.glasgow.gov.uk/ important topic when it comes to creating a (Y)our ops-data vibrant city centre by developing more mixed-use, vibrant and repopulated spaces, boosting nightlife and hospitality, transforming underpasses into safe (Y)OUR SMART RIVER PARK and attractive improved public spaces and thus updating mobility and improving accessibility. Transforming the Clyde into Glasgow’s biggest city park and The (Y)our River Park project has been Smart city security solutions offer a great identified as a number one key objective for (Y)our opportunity for making our cities safer. The world’s Central and is a prime project to implement smart cities increasingly find that most legacy CCTV city solutions. systems and traditional video surveillance technology is inefficient. Police investigations are The proposals for new and upgraded public spaces often hindered by blind spots in video networks and and street furniture for the (Y)our River Park & (Y)our low-quality imagery. Problems with data storage, Great Streets and Spaces should install smart street retrieval and sharing often result in delayed furniture. This should include wireless street response and decision making. Smart security furniture, proximity aware accessible technologies solutions include but are not limited to: Mesa Musical Shadows Glasgow Intelligent Operations Centre and solar and wind-powered benches which re-charge devices and digital interactive signs for • Improved surveillance and detection systems; advertising and local information. This would enable data. The increasing widespread use of wireless to-add-self-driving-drone-deploying-robotic-patrol- Glaswegians and visitors to play and work outdoors • Advanced event search, data and pattern in the new vibrant city centre. analysis; technologies in smart cities allowed the spreading of cars) wireless mesh networks. Smart street furniture and smart waste solutions • Computer Aided Dispatch (CAD); Paris is following the above described best practice Bristol is currently developing its active, wireless by integrating access to surveillance videos from could also contribute to the monitoring and • IoT devices, besides CCTV cameras, such as noise mesh network to contribute to the development of a cameras located in streets, tourist attractions and maintenance of the (Y)our River Park. Deploying sensors, intelligent lighting etc.; smart city and the ‘Internet of Things’. The network transportation services, making these images smart technologies for street cleansing services can will be technology agnostic, built on open network available to all participants in the security network. result in more efficient operations, ensuring best • Easier access to digital data to aid first principles, using software defined network New York City, as well, has established a system deployment of resources as well as identifying responders in querying, accessing and technologies, that enable network function that provides an integrated access to surveillance issues, and monitoring litter through sensors in bins. evaluating a situation on-site; virtualisation. (https://www.bristolisopen.com/ videos (including from private cameras) and CCTV cameras, air quality sensors, smart IoT overview/) sensor data, along with real-time threat alerts. technology for flood and water level and quality • Integrated system visible by the various public monitoring, noise sensors are just a few of the entities; (https://www.bcg.com/publications/2017/defense- Another key solution is privately supplied LTE (eLTE) justice-border-digital-transformation-technology- various IoT devices the could be installed in the • Police officers wearing belts with sensors that technology, a private version of the 4G (LTE) collaboration-smart-safe-cities.aspx). A solution street furniture in the (Y)our River Park and would identify dangerous gases, substances and networks available to consumers. This solution ties similar to the one above was adopted in Shanghai, contribute to enhancing visitor experience. together public surveillance networks with other temperatures and emergency button plus where as a result crime rates dropped by 30%, Another theme that would be key in creating more accelerometer to detect if the officer has been public and private security systems, such as various and police arrive at the scene in just three minutes sensors installed on intelligent lampposts, as well as vibrant and playful spaces within the River Park are knocked off their feet. (Santander, Spain) on average. (http://eblog.huawei.com/safe-cities- playable city projects that build upon IoT and other vehicle mounted and portable eLTE solutions, to using-smart-tech-for-public-security) The future of IoT devices and smart city technologies keep a watch over the city. innovative digital technologies. Permanent lies in mesh networks that aid more resilient Glasgow is a pioneer in this area with the interactive installations such as the Mesa Musical machine-to-machine or device-to-device With smart devices connected to a private deployment an integrated smart security system Shadows interactive pavement in Arizona, communication. Mesh networks allow devices to act broadband network, first responders to incidents which was put in place with the development of the Shadowing that gives memory to city street lights, as nodes where each node is capable of relaying can pick up a live feed of a disturbance in front of a Glasgow Operation Centre. Glasgow Operations enabling them to record and play back the shadows data for the network. Wireless mesh networks may night-club from CCTV, for example, before they even Centre is a state-of-the-art integrated traffic and of those who pass underneath or an installation in consist of either fixed or mobile devices. The arrive at the scene, or of criminals in flight from public safety management system, created with the Taipei that changes colour in response to air quality solutions are diverse to fit the various cameras fixed to patrol cars or UAVs (unmanned aid of the Innovate UK funding. The new centre rely on smart city technologies as well. Interactive, communication needs, for example in emergency aerial vehicle) in the vicinity. UAVs are increasingly brings together public space CCTV, security for the playable projects like this could be installed in the situations, tunnels, high-speed mobile-video deployed and used for agricultural, environmental city council’s museums and art galleries, traffic park once the enabling smart technologies are in applications, emergency situation surveillance and protection, public safety and traffic flow control management and police intelligence. place. on board public transport for real-time vehicle purposes. Dubai is currently exploring the potential telemetry. Mesh networks are extremely resilient, in of integrating drones into its traffic management case one of the nodes is deactivated the rest remains system and to aid police in patrolling the streets. active and finds another route via which they send (http://www.thedrive.com/tech/11930/dubai-police-

158 159 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL TRANSFORMING (Y)OUR CENTRAL TRANSFORMING (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)our Central brand (Y)our Central performance monitor

Central DRF area (and its constituent parts) should Each District and the City Centre as a whole, needs be vigorously promoted via a wider re-branding of • An effective and important tool to promote to have a Performance Monitor to provide a • Having the complete picture about the Glasgow City Centre as a place to invest, live and do Central in all media. snapshot of the city centre’s performance as a performance/improvement of Central is crucial for business. place; its physical attributes, socioeconomic making informed decisions, assessing • A great way to tie together seemingly unrelated effectiveness of actions and making the case for projects into one big overarching upgrade. characteristics and how it compares to equivalent, competitor cities. future action. Learning from the smart city agenda and the Future • District and City Centre Monitors should capitalise City Glasgow demonstrator projects and on the expertise and lessons learned from Future recommendations within the Operational Services City Demonstrator project. SWOT analysis it is vital to develop a series of key performance indicators to monitor the implementation and impact of delivering regeneration in Glasgow city centre. This Monitor should be (at least in part) publicly accessible and capture an array of big data available from a range of credible sources. This Monitor would also act as a key project management tool for the City Council to assess progress against the DRF Action Plan programme.

160 161 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL TRANSFORMING (Y)OUR CENTRAL TRANSFORMING (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)our Central conservation area (Y)our Heritage Property Fund

Glasgow’s Central Conservation Area is the largest in Develop and manage a dedicated heritage property the city. • Review and redefine the existing Central funding package for grant support toward bringing • Glaswegians and vistors appreciate that the city’s Conservation area guidance to ensure the best heritage buildings back into use. This should include built heritage is part of what makes the city The area defined as the Central district (DRF area) approach is taken toward proactive planning/conservation/building regs distinctive and special. has a distinctive heritage within the existing advice and match funding . Conservation Area. It comprises much of the urban • Many buildings require significant investment to grid of the city centre and most of the major civic, Explore the scope for a pilot in Central to bring them back in to use, or remedy the effects of cultural, transport and commercial built heritage of demonstrate best practice. Focus on buildings at long term neglect the city centre. It is distinct from the Merchant City, risk. Enable and reward good custodians of Broomielaw or Blythswood (all, also in the Central important heritage assets and penalise / enforce Conservation Area). action against building owners who neglect or fail to maintain these important buildings. A focussed redefinition of character areas within Central Conservation Area is proposed, to reinforce and secure these multiple identities. A refreshed Conservation Area appraisal should identify new approaches to heritage buildings in the 2020s. Demonstration projects for long term vacant buildings should be identified with owners. Promotion of increased awareness and interpretation of social and built heritage should underpin this initiative.

162 163 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL TRANSFORMING (Y)OUR CENTRAL TRANSFORMING (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)our night-time Central (Y)our clean and well maintained Central

To help manage and support a dynamic and exciting To fulfil the expectations of Glaswegians and visitors night-time economy (ref (Y)our Vibrant Central • Central will continue to be at the nexus of alike a clean, well maintained city is vital. • Clean and well-functioning public spaces are chapter) and ensure it is compatible with a Glasgow’s night-life and should be proactively crucial. Street cleanliness and maintenance is a mixed-use city centre with an increasing resident promoted as a destination with a positive evening Initiatives to help recycle waste, encourage high priority issue, with many flagging up dismay population Central district has to be part of a economy and aligned with efforts to retain / neighbourhood / community stewardship, at the poor state of many city centre streets, network of areas pro actively managed to ensure a attract business and future residents / investment campaigns to tackle littering / encourage culture notably in Central district. safe, clean and attractive environment for all. to the area. change and using smart technology to ensure high standards of street cleanliness should be • Getting the basics right is vital to refresh • In parallel with Community Safety / NightZones • There is support / interest in delivering events / encouraged and developed. Glaswegian’s and visitor’s perceptions of Glasgow initiatives pilot (Y)our City Centre Night-time activities to trial what could work to enhance the city centre and demonstrate that the city cares Economy initiative. night-time economy and visitor experience in about itself. Central. • Enable trials / initiatives to promote a positive nightlife in Central. • Establish single point of contact at GCC enabling temporary use of vacant space (sites / buildings) - street food / festivals / pop-up bars etc. Develop programme of events. • Learn from examples from other cities re events programming and ‘night mayor’ management.

164 165 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL TRANSFORMING (Y)OUR CENTRAL TRANSFORMING (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)our Dedicated Central Team (Y)our new Central community council

Dedicated staff resource to drive Central DRF • Explore scope to form a Community Council for regeneration - working with City Centre team and • An effective way to translate ambition of DRF Central, dovetailing with Garnethill, Merchant • Capitalise on community engagement and with specific focus on Central DRF area. A Special Action Plan in to delivery City / Trongate and Blythswood. Explore scope interest arising from the Central DRF consultation process Purpose Vehicle required / appropriate to drive • Provide focus and demonstrate commitment / to involve business community as well as Central Regeneration. leadership to community / businesses / investors tenants / residents of Central area. • Provide a community-led vehicle to focus / Additional staff / expertise is required to support • Guidance should be sought about the correct champion key DRF projects City Centre Strategy team and project partners to governance / format for any new community-led • Reinforce and empower a local community coordinate delivery of the ambitions of DRFs. bodies to help support initiatives in Central currently without a ‘voice’ / focus. Regeneration in Central will require a higher level of district. public sector intervention to deliver sustained change. • Opinion on this idea was canvassed during community engagement process and gained A Central Taskforce Team could comprise support. Offer of advice from GCC and other city centre Community Councils was also • Dedicated Team Manager FTE forthcoming. • Design/Urban Advisor (0.4) • Convene a new Community Council. Network • Traffic Advisor (0.2) with other established city centre Community Councils. Review DRF and agree areas of focus / • Maintenance Advisor (0.1) projects to champion. Monitor impacts and sustainability of new Community Council. • Planning Advisor (0.2) Support and provide capacity building as • Finance/ Business Case Advisor (0.4) necessary. • Property / Legal Advisor (0.4) • Dedicated Marketing/ Development Manager • Stakeholder / Community liaison • Trial 18 month period Everybody with a potential stake in the city centre should feel they can obtain current and credible information easily. And that they can also contribute to helping deliver the Central Regeneration Frameworks as an active citizen, collaborator or project partner. A Central Taskforce should be the first point of contact for all these enquiries. The cornerstone of the (Y)our City Centre communication plan has to be maintaining opportunities for stakeholders to continue to share their ideas, concerns and opinions. This has to be varied and should involve a cycle of public facing presentations / workshops focussed on delivery, regularly updated online platforms (dedicated websites, social media) and named principal points of contact to enable interested parties to enquire about how to progress their projects.

166 167 07 PLANNING POLICY (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL PLANNING POLICY PLANNING POLICY (Y)our Planning Policy

The principal purpose of this District Regeneration This DRF should be read in conjunction with the LOCAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK region. Framework (DRF) is to guide forthcoming physical, City Development Plan (2017) and the City Centre • Provide a planning and delivery framework to social and economic regeneration and Strategy 2014-19 and their respective successor The City Centre Local Development Framework is support and enable the delivery of regeneration development in the area of the city centre documents. It should also be read in conjunction currently being finalised after having gone through of the Central district, and sites and buildings designated by the City Centre Strategy 2014-19 as with the City Centre Strategic Development public consultation. The City Centre LDF within the DRF area, to very high quality of the Central district. The City Centre Strategy states Framework (SDF) which is to be prepared in line articulates the planning and spatial priorities set architecture, planning and design to meet these that each DRF will contribute to Supplementary with guidance set out in the City Development Plan out in the City Development Plan for the city centre ambitions. Planning Guidance. (2017). over the next 30 years, reflects the ambitions of the • Support and encapsulate the Placemaking City Centre Strategy and provides the spatial Principles outlined in the City Development Plan This chapter provides the planning policy context This DRF should also be read in conjunction with policy guidance to support it. for the Central DRF area. The guidance below will any subsequent, adopted Masterplans, site operate as a material consideration in the specific planning development briefs and design The SDF proposes six strategic place ambitions GLASGOW CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN assessment of development applications in that guides that this DRF recommends be to: area. It will subsequently form part of the adopted implemented. Glasgow City Development Plan (CDP) establishes supplementary planning guidance as set out in the • Reinforce the centre’s economic the spatial strategy for the city with the key aims of Glasgow City Development Plan (adopted 29 competitiveness; creating 1) a healthy, high quality place and 2) a March 2017), other supplementary planning • Re-populate the centre and create a series of compact city form that supports sustainable guidance and the City Centre Strategy 2014-2019. liveable and sustainable neighbourhoods that development. This is underlined by four strategic promote health, wellbeing and social outcomes: cohesion; • Reconnect the centre with the river and • A Vibrant Place with a Growing Economy surrounding communities; • A Thriving and Sustainable Place to Live and • Reduce traffic dominance and car Work dependency and create a pedestrian and • A Connected Place to move around and do cycle friendly centre that is healthier and business in cleaner; • A Green Place which is Resilient, Accessible and • Green the centre and make it climate resilient Attractive with a network of high quality public spaces and green/blue infrastructure that caters for a This strategic approach is supported by 12 policies variety of human and climatic needs; and linked to supplementary guidance (SG) which • Repair, restore and enhance the urban fabric provides further detailed guidance and assessment to reconnect civic streets and reinforce the criteria on the policy topics. Refer to SG1 (IPG1) Parts city’s distinctive heritage and character. 1 and 2 for further information regarding the City Centre and River Corridor character areas (identified The Central DRF will reflect the SDF’s high level as 2 of 10) and their respective placemaking aspirations through context specific priorities. recommendations.

CENTRAL DISTRICT REGENERATION FRAMEWORK OBJECTIVES

The aims of this DRF are to; • Outline the vision and ambition for the Central DRF area so that it can make a significant contribution to the environmental, social and economic regeneration of the City Centre and the River Clyde corridor. This DRF supports the case for both the City Centre and the River Clyde to be considered national planning priority projects in future National Planning Frameworks. • Create an even more vibrant mixed-use urban district with an attractive and active waterfront along the River Clyde, within a convivial, compact and walkable city centre providing, and benefitting from, excellent access to city and community amenities and the wider city

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At the time of publication of the Central DRF CDP 1: PLACEMAKING PRINCIPLE • Servicing or vehicle access to new CDP 2: SUSTAINABLE SPATIAL STRATEGY Glasgow City Council has adopted eight SG developments will not be permitted from (or documents, with the remaining three operating as CDP 1 is one of two over-arching policies within within 20m of the frontage of) the riverfront, CDP 2 is designed to “influence the location and interim SG guidance. More details can be found on Glasgow CDP against which all development Clyde Street, City Centre Primary Streets (levels form of development to create a ‘compact city form’ the Supplementary Guidance website. proposals will be assessed. The aim of this policy is to 1, 2 and 3 – ref SG4), streets designated as EIIPR which supports sustainable development.” Within “improve the quality of development taking place in Avenues or Sites of Special Landscape this policy, the City Centre and River Clyde are The following CDP policies are directly relevant for Glasgow by promoting a design-led approach.” For Importance (ref SG7). identified as two of six priority areas that require to Central District: the Central DRF area, development proposals will be • Bin storage to be internalised with access in line be covered by a Strategic Development Framework • It lies within an Air Quality Management assessed against the following criteria; with service access requirements noted above. (SDF). These SDFs will become Supplementary Area;(CDP1). • To demonstrate compliance with SG1 (IPG1) Guidance when they are adopted. • Development will help promote the application • Design excellence in architecture, landscape and designs should be illustrated with perspective of the Glasgow Healthy Sustainable planning must be demonstrated in all views at street level to indicate best practice For the Central DRF area, development proposals Neighbourhood Model; (CDP1). development in terms of relationship to urban street design and provision of active frontages, will be assessed against the following criteria; • It is within the City Centre Strategic Economic context, overall project design and in detailed creating a human scale and considering street • The regeneration of the River Clyde, and the Investment Location (SEIL) (CDP2). delivery, in line with Placemaking principles set design as 3 dimensional public space. River Park proposal in particular, is considered to • There is a preference to utilise brownfield sites out in SG1 and this DRF. • In addition to complying with internal be a project of national significance and should rather than greenfield sites; (CDP2). • New development should express architectural daylighting requirements per SG1 (IPG1) designs be recognised with national project status in the • To prioritise the remediation and reuse of vacant diversity with no single architectural form or should demonstrate street design that provides National Planning Framework. and derelict land; (CDP2). design language dominating a single urban positive external microclimates; avoiding • Masterplans should be prepared in line with the • It is within the City Centre and River Clyde block. excessive overshadowing, wind tunnelling, design principles of this DRF for the Buchanan Strategic Development Frameworks area (SDF); • Development in the Central DRF area should downdraughts and daylighting conditions at Galleries / Queen Street Station / Buchanan Bus (CDP2). achieve high urban density, whilst complying street level and at external terraces / roof garden Station, St. Enoch / Custom House Quay / • Includes the full extent of the City Centre with open space policy guidelines. spaces. Briggait (incorporating St. Enoch shopping Principal Office/Retail and Commercial Area, • Within the Central DRF area new development • Demonstrate design that promotes the benefits centre, the Custom House Quay riverfront and most of City Centre Principal Retail and shall demonstrate that it will contribute to of green (landscape) and blue (water) the Clutha / Briggait urban block to the City Commercial Areas and a large portion of the City achieving densities at least of that achieved infrastructure as key features of its riverfront Union viaduct), and the River Park (Glasgow Centre Principal Office Area (SG3 / SG4) within completed urban blocks within the DRF location. Green to the SEC / Hydro). These should provide • Specific locations are identified as Economic area. • Demonstrate designs that comply with CDP in a further level of building and landscape design Development Areas, with some urban blocks • It is anticipated that development of greater improving air quality and reducing the impact guidance in addition to that in the City specified as Opportunity Sites. (CDP3). density and height can be accommodated along of noise. Development Plan, the City Centre and River • It has the ‘greatest potential’ for district heating the River Clyde waterfront (within 2 urban Clyde Strategic Development Framework (when zones and is within an ‘active’ Surface Water blocks of the River), along Argyle Street and published) and this DRF. Management Plan (CDP5). within 200m of subway / mainline rail stations. • A Glasgow Healthy Sustainable Neighbourhood • Most of the of the District lies within the Central • Tall buildings are actively encouraged Model assessment of Masterplans should be Conservation Area( SG9). specifically along Clyde Street. Refer to the ‘Tall undertaken to demonstrate healthy outcomes • The neighbouring River Clyde is designated as a Buildings Policy’ under SG (IPG1) Part 2, section have been considered Site of Importance for Natural Conservation 5 (SINC) (CDP8). • The density of all development throughout the • It includes a few sites designated for housing DRF area shall be informed by scenario testing (CDP10). during pre-application discussions to ensure • The full DRF area is designated as ‘High appropriate building proportions and scale. Accessibility’ in the Public Transport Accessibility • New development must demonstrate a design Zones map (CDP11). which promotes the benefits of walking and cycling. New development must demonstrate Glasgow CDP policies, in relation to Central, are permeability in urban blocks to encourage and considered below in more detail. For the Central DRF facilitate walking and cycling. area, development proposals will be assessed • Developments that incorporate lanes shall against the CDP and the following additional criteria; present active frontages on the lanes. Lanes will not be permitted to be occupied by commercial waste or parking. • Buildings shall be designed to be flexible and capable of being adapted for different uses in the future. Ground floors heights (floor to ceiling) are to be high (minimum 5m); allowing them to accommodate different functions (and mezzanine floors). •

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CDP 3: ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT CDP 4: NETWORK OF CENTRES CDP 5: RESOURCE MANAGEMENT CDP 6: GREEN BELT AND GREEN NETWORK

This policy promotes “the creation of economic The aim of this policy is to “ensure that all of This policy outlines the approach to energy planning The policy supports the development and opportunity for the City’s residents and businesses Glasgow’s residents and visitors have good with the aims that Glasgow; enhancement of Glasgow’s Green Network through; and encourage sustained economic growth”. The access to a network of centres which are vibrant, location is partially covered by the City Centre multi- functional and sustainable destinations • Supports energy generation from renewable • Protecting and extending the Green Network SIELs as identified in Clydeplan and CDP. This City providing a range of goods and services”. The and low carbon sources; and linking habitat networks; Centre designation highlights a broad range of core introduction of local centres at key locations can • Promotes energy efficient design and use of low • Providing for the delivery of multifunctional sectors. In addition the Clydeplan highlights the play a major role in promoting regeneration and and zero carbon generating technologies in new open space to support new development; aspirations of the City Centre Strategy and improving vitality and viability. Building upon SG4, development; • Protecting the Green Belt; and recognises the aspiration to encourage mixed uses the actions listed below will be promoted through • Helps safeguard communities from the • Supporting development proposals that including residential, leisure and supporting uses the development plan process; potentially adverse impacts of energy safeguard and enhance the Green Network and throughout the city centre. generation or oil/gas extraction; Green Belt. • A new, multi- functional City Centre Events • Makes efficient use of energy generation and/ or For the Central DRF area, development proposals Space with integrated servicing to industrial processes by supporting combined For the Central DRF area, development proposals will be assessed against the following criteria; accommodate a diverse programme of seasonal heat and power systems and district heating will be assessed against the following criteria; events is proposed within the St Enoch DRF networks; • Mixed use developments are required area, north of the River Clyde and south of • Manages its waste to minimise landfill and help • The Action Plan in this District Regeneration throughout the Central DRF area. Vertical mixed Argyle Street. meet national targets and benefits from secure Framework will seek opportunities to highlight uses are encouraged and preferred, where • City Deal will also focus on redefining the supplies of low carbon energy and heat. the national significance of the River Clyde compatible and effective long term function and form of the Clyde riverfront in corridor in the City Centre. management arrangements are demonstrated. order to create a city-wide regional leisure and For the Central DRF area, development proposals • Actions to facilitate and encourage This applies particularly to residential and Hotel/ cultural destination. will be assessed against the following criteria; development and projects which help designate Leisure use (Class 7). • Enhance connections to the network of Local the River Clyde as the principal ‘open space / • To promote vibrancy and activity no urban block Town Centres with provision of new pedestrian / • Demonstrate design adaptability green space’ (River Park) within the City Centre within the existing street pattern is permitted to cycle infrastructure (on and off street). • New developments must demonstrate their will be sought. have a single land use. ability to integrate / enable District Heating. This • New development should demonstrate • The north bank of the River Clyde is a key should include using ground and water sourced provision of creative open space / green space connection to the SEC and Glasgow Green (and heat pumps. that provides many different opportunities for beyond). To further support the development of • A ‘fabric first’ approach to achieving a zero meeting and socialising, integrating elements of an active riverfront, footfall generating activities carbon district is encouraged. Where applicable play and public art and designed to enhance and developments are sought and encouraged the incorporation and careful integration of biodiversity. This provision should contribute to on the banks of the River Clyde as part of the affordable low and zero carbon technologies to ‘open space / green space’ requirements River Park concept. meet a portion of the energy demands of outlined within CDP 12: Delivering • In order to encourage and develop an evening development is encouraged. Development”. economy within the district, and to provide an • All new development should integrate green increased amenity for higher resident and roofs (to be not less than 50% of total roof area employment densities, developments providing of each development) Class 1 (Retail), Class 3 (Food + Drink), Class 7 • Provision of open space should be in accordance (Hotels), Class 10 (non-residential institutions) with Open Space Strategy (updated version to and Class 11 (Assembly and leisure) are be published). River Park to be considered as encouraged, especially along active river and part of wider ‘open space / green space’ street frontages. Positive evening economy uses provision for new residential development are especially encouraged in locations where throughout Central DRF. there is a lack of evening economy activity at present.

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CDP 7: NATURAL ENVIRONMENT CDP 8: WATER ENVIRONMENT CDP 10: MEETING HOUSING NEED CDP 11: SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT

This policy aims to protect the natural environment This policy aims to: This policy aims to ‘ensure that the City’s growing Supporting the development and delivery of in order to; and diverse population has access to a choice of sustainable transport across Glasgow to ensure “that • Aid adaptation to climate change; housing of appropriate quality and affordability Glasgow is a connected City, characterised by • Ensure that Glasgow’s natural environments, • Protect and improve the water environment; across all tenures.’ sustainable and active travel”. It is anticipated that including its ecosystems and protected species, • Support the development of integrated green the findings of the Glasgow Connectivity are safeguarded and, wherever possible, infrastructure throughout the city; For the Central DRF area, development proposals Commission will promote proposals and policies enhanced through new development; • Meet the requirements of the Flood Risk will be assessed against the following criteria; that may require future revision of this guidance. • Help enhance biodiversity and protect the Management (Scotland) Act 2009 and Scottish health and function of ecosytems; • Planning Policy 2014; • The provision of city centre residential For the Central DRF area, development proposals • Help the natural environment adapt to climate • Help deliver the Metropolitan Glasgow Strategic development shall be informed by the City will be assessed against the following criteria; change Drainage Partnership (MGSDP) Scheme, a Centre Residential Strategy, the City Centre SDF • Protect important landscape and geological National Development in NPF3; and and any subsequent guidance. • Development should enable and support the features in the City. • Contribute to the reduction of overall flood risk • Housing should be integrated throughout the provision of continuous pedestrian / cycle paths and make satisfactory provision for SUDS. DRF area, to create a mixed use district. along both banks of the River Clyde In addition to these aims the Council is engaged in • City centre residential development is actively • Car-free housing encouraged / supported the Horizon 2020 Nature Based Solutions project. For the Central DRF area, development proposals encouraged, as compatible and complementary throughout DRF area. Enhancements to This on-going project will inform future policy. will be assessed against the following criteria; to existing and proposed land uses within the integrated SUDs, open space standards etc. to Proposed new development demonstrating DRF area. be demonstrated in design proposals. alignment with the Horizon 2020 agenda is actively • New developments shall incorporate creative • To support a vibrant urban district residential • Any traffic efficiencies achieved by road network encouraged. storm-water management systems to reinforce development shall form a significant part of the adjustments or new technology eg. regeneration aspirations of an ecologically land use mix to create a continuity of city centre Autonomous vehicle technology (‘driverless For the Central DRF area, development proposals sustainable district. population throughout Central DRF area. cars’) should be passed on to the pedestrian will be assessed against the following criteria; • New development should reinforce and • A housing target is to be verified by the City (wider footways), cyclist (extended network) and enhance blue and green networks by Centre Residential Strategy, the City Centre SDF urban design (reduced parking requirements). • Biodiversity must be maximised in new incorporating water and landscape features, and any subsequent guidance. Development developments by integrating many different particularly in public spaces. proposals shall demonstrate how they are biotypes in all open spaces and new buildings • Developments will be expected to support the contribute to meeting city centre residential CDP 12: DELIVERING DEVELOPMENT which will increase the environment’s promotion of the river and the River Park as the requirements. biodiversity. Table 3 of SG07 provides examples. principal open space in the DRF area. Proposals • Car-free residential developments that support This policy “aims to ensure that development need to demonstrate responsive design which and contribute to successful placemaking are contributes to a sustainable, economically successful enhances the river as the focal spatial element supported. City, through the provision of reasonable within the DRF area. • Tenure mix including the provision of private infrastructure and facilities that are necessary to rented scheme (build to rent) housing shall be mitigate the impact of change on Glasgow’s CDP 9: HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT informed by the City Centre Residential Strategy resources, and that are appropriate to both the and any subsequent guidance. nature of the development and its location”. This policy has been designed to “ensure the • Guidance on student accommodation will be appropriate protection, enhancement and informed by the appropriate policy framework. For more detailed guidance refer to Refer to IPG12 management of Glasgow’s heritage assets by • All new residential development should and then SPG12. providing clear guidance to applicants”. incorporate designs that enable future- proofing and adaptability in order to meets For the Central DRF area, development proposals people’s needs throughout their lives and to will be assessed against the following criteria; ‘age in place’

• Demonstrate designs which respect Central Conservation Area Appraisal and respond to the Clyde’s maritime / mercantile heritage, the city’s medieval history and the distinctive heritage of Central, Merchant City and the Gorbals. • Proposals to appropriately reuse buildings designated as ‘buildings at risk’ will be supported.

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Impact / Reach / (Y)our Central Action Plan Immediate Short Term : Y1 Medium Term : Y2-Y4 Long Term : Y5+ Key Stakeholders Term Justification / Observations (Y)our Updated Mobility Bigger context: Shift to more sustainable mobility Glasgow city centre Review findings from Conclude refresh of Continue to implement Continue to implement Glasgow City Council - DRS High Impact / City Many consultees have highlighted requires an innovative Glasgow Connectivity City Centre Transport actions from refreshed actions from refreshed and NS (lead); inputs from local Project / Short to the detrimental impact too much and progressive Transport Commission. Review need Strategy - involving Transport Strategy. Transport Strategy. landowners / building occupiers Long Term traffic (principally private cars) Strategy to deliver a for undertaking a refresh of consultation, modelling Monitor impacts and Monitor impacts and / developers / communities. has on the city centre (pollution, significant modal shift from the City Centre Transport scenarios for revised traffic adjust implementation adjust implementation Key Stakeholders incl public congestion, cluttered streets, car reliance to active travel Strategy. Secure buy-in management, bus routing, accordingly. See City accordingly. See City transport organisations oversized roads). and public transport / funding to commence active travel and public Centre Transport Strategy Centre Transport (Network Rail, Transport refresh. transport enhancements. below Strategy below Scotland, SPT, Abellio Scotrail) Observation and analysis of Commence and (Y)our Pedestrian and the land take of road space v See City Centre Transport implementation of priority Accessibility Champion (see pedestrian space, coupled with Strategy below actions. below) and cycling groups. comparison with best practice in high performing cities of an See City Centre Transport Glasgow Connectivity equivalent size confirms the need Strategy below Commission for a significant change in policy and travel patterns / behaviour

(Ultra) Low Emissions Zone Tackle poor air quality Investigate scope for LEZ / Commence study / Conclude report, make Assess LEZ impacts. Glasgow City Council, High Impact / City Many consultees have noted poor in central Glasgow with Clean Air zone in Glasgow. research. Assess the policy recommendations and Review scope to Transport Scotland and Scottish Project / Medium air quality in central Glasgow. implementation of an Research precedent. and legal implication. adopt LEZ. Monitor progress to an Ultra Government. to Long Term During the preparation of this (Ultra) LEZ. Make the case for a trial / Assess technical impacts / enforcement. LEZ. Implement DRF LEZ issues have become a research study. implications - e.g. impact recommendations stated political policy objective Scotland’s first LEZ came and cost/benefit analysis and assess impact aligning with an increasing national into effect in Glasgow City of electric buses within city on air quality. Adjust awareness of the importance of Centre on 31st December centre. strategy to achieve this issue for public health and 2018. target outcomes. long term resilience. Glasgow City Council have established the first LEZ in Scotland.

Traffic-Calmed Central Optimise the benefit of Within scope of any Conduct full review of one Approve revised Transport Implement Glasgow City Council (lead) - High Impact / City Many consultees have requested Glasgow’s urban grid refresh to the Transport way / two way / car-free Strategy (with new City recommendations of NS and DRS. Centre Project that the city centre become more network with a full review Strategy for the city centre / shared space options Centre / Blythswood the revised Transport / Short to Long walkable / pedestrian / bicycle of how best to enable a full review / modelling within Glasgow street grid Circulation / Traffic Strategy. Design, Term friendly and reduce the potential for vehicular access in and of implications of new - towards a Smart Tartan Management). implement and and extent of congestion. Several through the city centre. arrangement for traffic Grid of streets. Scope for monitor impacts. cautioned against limiting car Part of wider refreshed City management to be repurposing of streets accessibility. Centre Transport Strategy. considered - see City for car only or car free Centre Transport Strategy traffic management. Trial As demonstrated by other high See Smart ‘Tartan’ Grid (below) options and verify through performing cities this is liable above. modelling (and vice versa). to require bold, ambitious and integrated concepts to optimise the benefit of Glasgow’s urban grid.

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Impact / Reach / (Y)our Central Action Plan Immediate Short Term : Y1 Medium Term : Y2-Y4 Long Term : Y5+ Key Stakeholders Term Justification / Observations Ensure comprehensive Within scope of any refresh Conduct and conclude Implement ‘quick wins’ Conclude Glasgow City Council - NS and High Impact / City Many consultees confirmed and continuous network to the Transport Strategy accessibility audit. Report - focus on high impact enhancements DRS in partnership with Access Centre Project Glasgow’s compact city centre of high quality, safe and for the city centre compile back to GCC and Access missing links / conflict (including EIIPR ‘ Panel, cycle groups and (Y)our / Short to Long street grid is a significant asset. attractive pedestrian and an initial mapping of routes Panel / cycling groups. points. Progress to follow Avenues’) to provide Pedestrian and Accessibility Term The analysis and proposal to create cycle routes alongside network based on desk Agree prioritised, costed up actions / priorities. a comprehensive Champion (see below) clearer hierarchy / differentiation reliable bus corridors and based analysis. Develop Action Plan. Seek and Monitor impacts and upgrade of the between pedestrian, cycle or bus adequate car / service brief and case for full city secure funding and adjust investment priorities pedestrian and cycle priority routes was welcomed by access to and through centre accessibility audit implement ‘quick wins’. in consultation with networks. consultees. Glasgow city centre. (focussed on pedestrian pedestrians / cyclists. and cyclist routes). Coordinate delivery in Refer to Variation in street tandem with revised character (Tartan Grid) Transport Strategy and -above. Smarter Bus Network review.

Smarter Cleaner Bus Network Refine the bus route Undertake an initial Conduct a full review of Trial, monitor and Continue to implement Glasgow City Council - NS and High Impact / Many consultees (general public network, service provision review of bus routing and bus routing and stances permanently implement and monitor impact DRS; in partnership with SPT Regional Project / and key stakeholders) highlighted and bus stop locations bus stop locations for - in partnership with SPT recommendations of of enhancements to and bus companies. Medium Term bus routing and service provision to integrate with other service gaps / duplication. and bus companies. city centre bus review. bus services in central as a significant issue. Many modes of public transport Assess data of trip origin / Highlight areas of under Progress legal / business Glasgow. suggest the system requires a and active travel and destination points. or over provision and implications of re- comprehensive and radical review service key destinations / duplication. Undertake an regulation / franchising of to improve service reliability, communities. The success initial feasibility study into bus services. be easier to comprehend and of this project is dependant re-regulation / franchising optimised to align with demand and on bus operators and of bus services within to reduce congestion / pollution. limitations of legislation. Glasgow city centre. In light of new guidance from Scottish Government.

Smarter Parking in Central

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Impact / Reach / (Y)our Central Action Plan Immediate Short Term : Y1 Medium Term : Y2-Y4 Long Term : Y5+ Key Stakeholders Term Justification / Observations Investigate scope for Within scope of any refresh Verify scope to optimise Approve revised Transport Implement Glasgow City Council (lead) - High Impact / Analysis suggests that land take further consolidation to the Transport Strategy multi-storey parking Strategy (with new City recommendations of NS and DRS. City Parking and Centre Project / for parking remains too high in / concentration of car for the city centre a full in edge of city centre Centre / Central parking the revised Transport private car park operators. Short to Longer central Glasgow. Whilst some in parking on the edge of review / modelling of car locations. Identify strategy). Strategy. Design, Term central Glasgow retail / business the city centre to limit parking arrangements to candidate sites. Assess implement and / resident community are anxious penetration of cars be conducted - see City long term viability of monitor impacts. about any reduction in parking (in into the city centre and Centre Transport Strategy existing parking provision, the absence of reliable, high quality to induce footfall. This (below) especially the elimination public transport alternatives) many project is dependant on a of all off road surface consultees perceive there to be much wider park and ride parking within central too much space / access for cars policy and actions being Glasgow, and reduction of in the city centre. Many consultees implemented to reduce on-street provision. Review supported consolidating parking commuter vehicular travel / trial parking price regimes in off street multi-storey car parks to the city. / incentives. (MSCP)

Updated train stations

Enhance passenger Scope out improvements Scope out improvements Undertake Glasgow Design, construct Transport Scotland, ScotRail High Impact / City Consultees agreed with the experience to increase at Central Station at Central Station Crossrail STAG appraisal. and monitor impacts and Glasgow City Council (lead) Project / Medium findings that the rail stations serving patronage of rail / public (especially Argyle Street (especially Argyle Street / Develop feasibility study for in long term planning - DRS and NS. Key Partners to Long Term Central district require significant transport and to attract / Low Level entrance) Low Level entrance) and further enhancements to and delivery strategy. / Stakeholders incl Network improvement (and more effective investment / development alongside any further Queen Street Station, Central Station. as deemed Rail, SPT and public transport interchange / signage). Proposals in high density clusters enhancements beyond including George Square appropriate. Conclude stakeholders. to improve Queen Street Station around transport those underway at Queen public realm. Liaise with feasibility studies and passenger experience were well interchange nodes - e.g. Street Station. Explore EIIPR / ‘Avenues’ project commence design work. Key dependency on Network received and deemed a priority by Queen Street / Argyle clustering development regarding enhancements Design, procure, construct. Rail. many. It was welcomed that these Street / Central Station around Queen Street adjacent to Queen Street are progressing. Station and Argyle Street Station, Central Station Station. Reconsider and Argyle Street Station. Other consultees promoted prospect of Glasgow Within masterplan-led revisiting the Glasgow Crossrail Crossrail, linking Queen approach advocate concept. Street Low Level to rail mixed use, higher density network south of the Clyde. development at Queen Street Station and Argyle Street Station. Enhance wayfinding / real time customer information between rail / subway and bus interchanges within Central DRF area, notably between Buchanan Bus Station and Queen Street Station. Scope out a STAG process for Glasgow Crossrail.

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Impact / Reach / (Y)our Central Action Plan Immediate Short Term : Y1 Medium Term : Y2-Y4 Long Term : Y5+ Key Stakeholders Term Justification / Observations Connecting Train Stations

Enhance the quality of Undertake an audit of the Prepare prioritised Design, construct and Monitor and make Glasgow City Council - lead High Impact / City Many consultees highlighted the the passenger experience existing routes, pedestrian package of interventions monitor impacts in long adjustments / (DRS, NS), Access Panel, (Y) Project / Medium poor pedestrian connections for interchange between accessibility, signage and along ‘branded’ route term planning and delivery enhancements our City Centre Pedestrian Term between both Stations. It was Queen Street Station and amenity along principal between both stations. strategy. accordingly. Champion, SPT, Network Rail, widely recognised that improving Central Station. Improve routes (Gordon Street, Develop design / branding local businesses the quality and ease of navigation wayfinding, pedestrian Buchanan Street, West and consult with key along the route is important and priority and public realm George Street) and stakeholders. Dovetail making it appealing and easy along routes between both alternative routes (Royal physical interventions would also benefit the city centre as stations. Aim to showcase Exchange Square / with online / app based well as public transport providers. Glasgow and ensure city George Square). Assess digital interface to assist centre benefits from higher routing interface with passengers. Some proposed a subterranean footfall. redevelopment of Queen route however it was felt that this Street Station. Analyse how would bypass the city centre and pedestrians use existing diminish the benefit of footfall street network and develop between the stations. design in response to data / evidence. Survey users and users groups (e.g.. Access Panel). Make business case for improvements.

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Impact / Reach / (Y)our Central Action Plan Immediate Short Term : Y1 Medium Term : Y2-Y4 Long Term : Y5+ Key Stakeholders Term Justification / Observations Dynamic Buchanan Bus Station

Whilst out with the Central Explore / develop existing Commission and report Appoint design team and Design, construct Strathclyde Partnership for High Impact / Feedback from consultees DRF area Buchanan Bus masterplan options in the back on masterplan develop phased proposals and monitor impacts Transport - lead, Glasgow City Regional Project confirmed analysis that Buchanan Station is strategically context of the DRF and outcomes, following to reconfigure Buchanan in long term planning Council (DRS, NS), Network / Medium to Long Bus Station is remote and poorly important for the city centre the wider objectives for consultation with site Bus Station (as deemed and delivery strategy. Rail, Buchanan Galleries, Term connected in to Central DRF area. and the DRF area. It needs the City Centre and the owners, key stakeholders necessary). landowners, passenger groups Enhancements to improve access to be better integrated Connectivity Commission. (incl. Glasgow Caledonian between bus and rail services were with the city centre and Make the business case University), bus companies Develop designs for public discussed by consultees. DRF area. It could be for a broader masterplan and passengers. realm enhancements. enhanced as a public of the Bus Station Notwithstanding the refresh of transport interchange. and immediate urban Act upon masterplan Continue to liaise with Buchanan Bus Station some It should have a better environment. recommendations, redevelopment proposals observed scope to improve physical connection to including developing for Buchanan Galleries / the station environment and Queen Street Station and any design proposals Queen Street Station. international best practice confirms it has a role to play at the / planning application scope for enhanced passenger interface between regional for redevelopment of facilities, potentially optimal bus bus services and local city Buchanan Bus Station. stance configurations and better centre fleet. Moreover the integration with the city centre Station itself presents a In parallel develop environment. significant development business case for public opportunity. realm enhancements for streets around Buchanan Bus Station and linking to Buchanan Street. Liaise with Buchanan Galleries and Network Rail regarding enhanced connections between Buchanan Bus Station and Queen Street Station. Street Safety and Accessibility Optimise street and Instruct a full city centre Conduct and conclude Implement findings of audit Conclude Glasgow City Council - NS and Moderate Impact / Key stakeholders highlighted need public realm accessibility accessibility audit accessibility audit. Report - see Updated Pedestrian enhancements - see DRS in partnership with Access City Centre Project to improve pedestrian accessibility and safety to improve (pedestrian and cyclist back to GCC and Access Network (above) Updated Pedestrian Panel and Pedestrian Champion / Short to Medium generally to create an inclusive city Glasgow city centre for routes) - see Updated Panel / disability groups. Network (above) (see below). Also include Visit Term centre for all. This initiative would all users. Promote the Pedestrian and Cycle Agree prioritised, costed Scotland. align with ongoing proposals to city centre as a safe and Network (above). Assess Action Plan. Seek and ensure Glasgow city centre is accessible destination public realm / road safety secure funding for ‘quick Autism Friendly by 2023 (See (Y)our Pedestrian and audits as well as ‘design wins’ - refer Updated Accessibility Champion) speeds’ of existing street Pedestrian and Cycle / road network. Adopt Network (above) Designing Streets ethos - minimise guardrails and reliance on signage. Align with Autism Friendly Glasgow. 188 189 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL ACTION PLAN ACTION PLAN (Y)our Great Streets and Spaces Action Plan

Impact / Reach / (Y)our Central Action Plan Immediate Short Term : Y1 Medium Term : Y2-Y4 Long Term : Y5+ Key Stakeholders Term Justification / Observations (Y)our Great Streets & Spaces Bigger Context: Improved Public Spaces and Connections Significantly enhance Ensure a (Y)our City Develop, consult and Monitor and implement Monitor and Glasgow City Council (lead) High Impact / Analysis confirms that Glasgow is the quality of the public Centre Public Open Space confirm (Y)our Public Open impacts of (Y)our City implement impacts with active travel, public Regional Project failing to optimise its network of open space within the strategy, focussing on (Y) Space Strategy as part Centre Public Open Space of (Y)our City Centre transport and public open / Short to Long city centre streets and public open city centre. It is essential our Great Streets and of the City Centre SDF. Strategy. Coordinate with Public Open Space space stakeholders (e.g. SPT, Term spaces. to maintain an overview, Spaces, is encapsulated Review and encapsulate a refreshed Transport Strategy bus operators, Sustrans, Living across the city centre, to within the City Centre the relevant key findings Strategy. Streets etc.) Consultees recognise the qualities prioritise action and ensure Strategic Development from the Glasgow that the best of Glasgow city the hierarchy of streets and Framework (SDF). Connectivity Commission. (Y)our Pedestrian and centres streets, squares and parks spaces is enhanced. Coordinate (Y)our City Accessibility Champion have and the need to emulate The extent of the EIIPR Centre Public Open Space this quality across the city centre. Identify opportunities to ‘Avenues’ City Deal project strategy with a refreshed Glasgow’s public open spaces capitalise on the ‘Avenues’ is confirmed. Promote and Transport Strategy. in the city centre fail to meet the investment at appropriate designate the new River standards in equivalent cities in connecting streets e.g. Park. Commence a review Monitor progress across terms of quality of place, design Miller Street. of Glasgow city centre’s the city centre and within and maintenance. Moreover streets as part of Glasgow the DRF area against this many consultees see scope for urban mobility network and parallel DRF action dramatic improvement in terms (see ‘Tartan Grid’ below) plans. of accessibility, functionality and and public events spaces efficiency as places to move (hierarchy of main squares through, stop and enjoy or to host and principal streets plus events / city life. Glasgow Green) - refer to George Square project sheet (below). Variation in street character (Tartan Grid) Enhance the quality and Develop a (Y)our City Refine and finalise Develop business case for Continue phased Glasgow City Council (lead) High Impact / Many consultees confirm site legibility of Glasgow’s Centre Public Open Space ‘tartan’ grid concept and implementing ‘tartan’ street implementation. with active travel, public Regional Project analysis that the city’s urban city centre urban grid Strategy. Make Business encapsulate in to the City grid on a prioritised basis. Design, procure, transport and public open / Short to Long street grid is a great asset which of streets and squares. Case to undertake Centre SDF. Consult and Design, procure, construct construct and monitor space stakeholders (e.g. SPT, Term is not used optimally. There was Optimise the efficiency and scenario testing of traffic confirm, alongside any and monitor impacts. impacts. bus operators, Sustrans, Living widespread agreement that too functionality of the street modelling of ‘tartan’ street revision to the City Centre Streets etc.) many streets are poor quality as network to support the grid concept. Progress in Transport Strategy. Implement in a phased they try (and fail) to accommodate hierarchy of travel modes; parallel with negotiations basis. (Y)our Pedestrian and the pedestrian, cyclist, bus, taxi and pedestrian, cyclist, public to revise bus routing, Identify prototype / proof of Accessibility Champion car. transport, servicing, private plug cycle network gaps concept trials to establish Many consultees also highlighted vehicle. Review one-way and develop River Park / potential for ‘tartan’ grid / that the city grid can be confusing road system and assess Urbanised M8 concepts. super-grid creating local for pedestrians and drivers alike benefits of alternatives. car access streets and and enhancing the street hierarchy enhancing pedestrian, would assist in legibility and Refer to (Y)our Updated cycle and bus routing. wayfinding. Mobility chapter. This action will become part of the transport strategy.

190 191 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL ACTION PLAN ACTION PLAN (Y)our Great Streets and Spaces Action Plan

Impact / Reach / (Y)our Central Action Plan Immediate Short Term : Y1 Medium Term : Y2-Y4 Long Term : Y5+ Key Stakeholders Term Justification / Observations Green streets, parks and play spaces Increase greenspace Understand the extent of Develop designs (in Design and construct first Continue to implement Glasgow City Council - DRS High Impact / Many consultees have reflected on and soft landscaping new green infrastructure accordance with emerging additional interventions greenspace and NS with City Deal; inputs Local Project / the lack of green space in central throughout Central to be implemented via Public Realm design (in tandem with the network as per the from local landowners / building Short - Medium Glasgow. Technical consultees district, including more ‘Avenues’ / EIIPR. Acquire guides / Surface Water Glasgow City Centre Masterplans for River occupiers / developers / Term have raised the need for improved street trees in carefully land-ownership information Management Strategy) for Lanes Strategy). Assess Park etc. Monitor communities. Key Stakeholders biodiversity, surface water selected locations. Ensure and review existing and enhanced greenspace in environmental and social impacts and adjust incl utilities companies. management and need for informal integration of play - potential greenspace Central District. Seek pilot impacts (incl integration implementation play space environments. towards (Y)our Playful City opportunities. project within Central DRF of SUDs and urban play accordingly. (in addition to ‘Avenue’ space) These observations are supported / EIIPR) to develop city by survey and analysis of the centre green infrastructure district and the lessons to concepts - see George be learned from elsewhere Square, Blythswood including the benefits (health, Square and Bothwell Street socioeconomic, environmental) of : CBD ‘High Street’ project increased and quality urban green sheets (below). space.

Update streets of “Golden Z” Buchanan Street, Argyle Review extent of EIIPR Develop business case Secure funding and Monitor and make Glasgow City Council - DRS Additional Impact Many consultees highlighted Street and Sauchiehall ‘Avenues’ project scope for enhanced public realm develop designs, procure adjustments / and NS with City Deal; inputs (beyond EIIPR) / the poor quality of Argyle Street Street all benefitted from and proposals regarding interventions along Golden and implement alongside enhancements from building occupiers / City Centre project and Sauchiehall Street. Most significant public realm Sauchiehall and Argyle Z, beyond those already wider EIIPR / ‘Avenues’ accordingly. communities. Access Panel. (Y) / Short to Medium reflected on the positive qualities enhancements in the Street. Conduct street envisaged. projects. our City Centre Pedestrian and Term of Buchanan Street and several late 1990s / early 2000s. audit and assess what Accessibility Champion sought to make it car-free (e.g.. no These enhancements adjustments to Buchanan roads to cross). created Scotland’s longest Street are necessary to pedestrianised route. meet wider (Y)our City Any scope to further enhance Centre objectives. Buchanan Street (to ensure it Whilst aspects of these emulates ambition of Avenues public realm projects project) should be explored. have endured all three streets would benefit from a refresh, especially Sauchiehall Street and Argyle Street (both included in the EIIPR ‘Avenues’ project.

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Impact / Reach / (Y)our Central Action Plan Immediate Short Term : Y1 Medium Term : Y2-Y4 Long Term : Y5+ Key Stakeholders Term Justification / Observations Design for rain Enhance the quality of Undertake a precedent Prepare business case Act upon recommendation Design, procure and Glasgow City Council - DRS High Impact / City Several highlighted the wet climate principal Glasgow city study of existing for technical feasibility of feasibility. construct galleria. and NS with City Deal; inputs Centre project / and challenge of competing with centre streets / spaces by urban galleria. Assess study. Commission and Prepare business Monitor impact and from building occupiers / Medium to Long indoor shopping mall experience providing elegant galleria applicability to Glasgow undertake study. Identify case to implement any adjustment communities. Access Panel. (Y) Term for convenience and quality. Some /canopies. Create a city centre. Define scope priority pilot project(s). recommendations to feasibility study our City Centre Pedestrian and proposed covered streets / galleria sheltered and comfortable for technical feasibility accordingly. recommendations. Accessibility Champion / urban canopies. Several were city centre experience to study for Central DRF area, anxious about the impact on the encourage all year round notably along / around city centre and disruption to built activity, regardless of Golden Z, key lanes and heritage / cityscape. prevailing climate. Connecting Train Stations project. Implementing galleria could create an attraction / destination in itself and act as a landmark for Glasgow. Further studies /consideration recommended.

Glorious George Square George Square is the Assess the findings of Develop a brief and Design, procure and Monitor impacts Glasgow City Council - lead High Impact / George Square fails as city’s most important recent public consultation business case to revisit the implement reconfiguration and refine, make (DRS, NS), public, local Regional project / Glasgow’s principal urban space. urban square. It needs a regarding George Square redesign of George Square of George Square, adjustments to businesses / land and building Medium Term Most consultees are seeking major upgrade to create and the Connectivity as a car-free (in full or in encapsulating integrated optimise performance owners / occupiers, Access enhancement to the square. Many a high quality civic space Commission. part) civic square. smart city and surface of George Square. Panel, (Y)our City Centre wish to see reduced impact of cars designed for people and water management Pedestrian and Accessibility and commercialisation of square. diminishing or removing Brief should be developed requirements. Champion the impact of traffic. in tandem with provision of Despite cynicism and fallout The square should be River Park and an Events from previous attempts there is upgraded in tandem with Square (see (Y)our St recognition that George Square redefining the hierarchy of Enoch). should be upgraded to improve the urban spaces in the city city’s image and the quality of one centre by creating a River Secure mandate to of the few public open spaces in Park and an Events Square proceed to developing the city centre. to relieve pressure on designs. Undertake George Square. detailed analysis of urban space. Trial, through Experimental Traffic Regulation Orders, modification to street network. Observe and monitor impacts, alongside traffic modelling. 194 195 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL ACTION PLAN ACTION PLAN (Y)our Great Streets and Spaces Action Plan

Impact / Reach / (Y)our Central Action Plan Immediate Short Term : Y1 Medium Term : Y2-Y4 Long Term : Y5+ Key Stakeholders Term Justification / Observations Central Station Entrances : Hielanman’s Umbrella as station lobby Gordon Street and, Review existing investment Develop a brief and a Based upon technical Monitor impacts Glasgow City Council - lead High Impact / City Many highlighted the poor quality particularly, the plans for these locations, business case to enhance feasibility study and and adjust (DRS / NS), Network Rail, Centre project / of the streets / spaces around Hielanman’s Umbrella on notably the EIIPR / both Gordon Street and business case findings street / entrance SPT, Access Panel, (Y)our Medium Term Glasgow Central Station, notably at Argyle Street fail to create ‘Avenues’ proposals for Argyle Street and the progress to design, configurations City Centre Pedestrian and the entrances at Argyle Street and an appropriate high quality Argyle Street. entrances to Central procure and construct accordingly. Accessibility Champion Gordon Street. entrance to Glasgow’s Station, respecting the station entrance and public busiest station. Whilst architectural heritage whilst realm enhancements. The Hielanman’s Umbrella (and enhancements have been redefining the station’s the 4 Corners) cited as one of the implemented in the past relationship with the city least attractive locations in the city decade or so there is a centre, especially to Argyle centre. pressing need to create Street. a far more appealing and Gordon Street routinely observed to high quality entrance / Commission a feasibility have recurring pedestrian / traffic / gateway in to the city / study accordingly, service access conflicts. station at both locations. building evidence base for making Gordon Street pedestrian flows, modelling pedestrian priority and and surveys. car-free and considering the possibility of creating a car-free station lobby at the Hielanman’s Umbrella are proposed.

Bothwell Street: The CBD High Street Redefine Bothwell Street Establish a business case Develop designs to Procure and construct Monitor impact and Glasgow City Council - lead High Impact / City Bothwell Street is, in effect, the CBD as the Central Business to develop a feasibility enhance full extent of reconfiguration of Bothwell adjust streetscape in (DRS, NS), public, local Centre project / High Street. It is the first street most District’s ‘High Street’ - a study to consider options Bothwell Street. Dovetail Street. response to feedback businesses / land and building Medium Term encounter when arriving from the high quality street giving to enhance Bothwell Street. with ongoing EIIPR / in use. owners / occupiers, Access airport / motorway. The streetscape a great first impression Commission and conduct ‘Avenues’ programme. Panel, (Y)our City Centre currently provides a poor first to visitors arriving from a costed analysis of what Integrate similar surface Pedestrian and Accessibility impression of the city centre. The the airport, motorway could be delivered. Seek water / smart city solutions Champion street is dominated by speeding and Central Station. funding to progress. as EIIPR. traffic and inconsistent and Bothwell Street is the inadequate streetscape finishes. heart of the business district but is in poor Several consultees, including those condition and dominated developing or seeking investment in by traffic, despite ongoing the city centre, highlighted the need investment in development to enhance Bothwell Street and in the area. others within the business district to attract and retain business and investment.

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Impact / Reach / (Y)our Central Action Plan Immediate Short Term : Y1 Medium Term : Y2-Y4 Long Term : Y5+ Key Stakeholders Term Justification / Observations Surface Water Management Strategy Seamless integration of Review technical Identify a pilot project Integrate Surface Water Long term cycle of Glasgow City Council (lead) High Impact / Surface Water Management (SWM) Council’s Surface Water constraints / viability of (a Central Lane / Plaza / Management into pilot review / monitoring - NS and DRS; partnership District Project / Strategy approved by GCC. There Management Strategy - integrating Surface Water DRF Open Space / Rain projects and assess of impacts as each working with Scottish Water, Long Term is a pressing need to implement the fused with public open Management Strategy Garden) to identify Surface achievement of KPIs. Apply phase is delivered SEPA and SNH. Seek academic recommendations from the SWM space strategy and other objectives within Central Water Management (SWM) lessons to future briefing partners to review/ research Strategy to deliver more resilient interventions (e.g. roof DRF (in addition to the best practice. Scope out and implement through implementation. urban infrastructure to future-proof gardens / rain gardens). ‘Avenues’ / EIIPR projects full extent of ‘optimum’ remaining greenspace the city and enhance city centre A design response to SWM approach and infrastructure. environment. achieve zero discharge of develop costings. Consider storm water into combined funding / developer sewers contribution scenarios to enable forward investment.

Public Art Development of an Seek funding to trial a Explore scope to trial Deliver Central Arts Deliver Central Arts Glasgow City Council and Moderate Impact Central DRF study area includes innovative and creative arts Central Artist-in-Residence. public arts projects in Strategy - monitor and Strategy - monitor and Creative Scotland - lead. / District Project many significant arts / culture strategy and programme Develop a brief for a City Central via planned city review impacts review impacts Inputs from Glasgow School of / Short to Long institutions and venues. Many of permanent and Centre Public Arts Strategy arts festivals / events Art, local arts community (via Term consultees have championed the temporary installations to (including urban feature (e.g. Sonica, Glasgow networks), local communities, arts as being crucial in Glasgow’s meaningfully embed visual lighting). This could be an International etc.). businesses / developers regeneration, and indicated and performing arts in to extension of the planned Temporary events. enthusiasm to champion further the Central District artist in residence by Commission and finalise creative regeneration in the area. Council ward. Review (Y)our Central Public Arts scope of existing public Strategy. Make funding Glasgow is renowned internationally space design / scope and applications to implement as a cultural hub and authentic, opportunities to integrate (including Section 75 creative regeneration adds artworks (temporary or monies) significant and lasting value to permanent) place-mending. The arts can help test and change perceptions of places and act as a catalyst for change in urban regeneration. Central presents a massive opportunity to test that in a city centre district, capitalising on the well established cultural network in the district.

198 199 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL ACTION PLAN ACTION PLAN (Y)our Great Buildings Action Plan

Impact / Reach / (Y)our Central Action Plan Immediate Short Term : Y1 Medium Term : Y2-Y4 Long Term : Y5+ Key Stakeholders Term Justification / Observations (Y)our Great Buildings Building add-ons and infills This DRF envisages an Confirm analysis in Central Conduct skyline / tall Monitor implementation of Monitor and review Glasgow City Council - DRS Local Policy Comparative analysis indicates increase in urban density DRF and emerging buildings policy review policies and effectiveness effectiveness and and NS, Historic Environment Glasgow needs to be more and mixed uses. This masterplans. Identify and (including Conservation / appropriateness in adjust guidelines Scotland, Architecture + Design densely populated. Moreover could involve a potentially plug gaps in analysis / Area appraisal). Confirm delivering increased accordingly. Scotland there is scope, accepted by most significant increase in data. Confirm baseline and validity of findings. density, mix and quality. consultees, that Central DRF is density. projected uplift. Scope out an appropriate location for higher study to assess skyline density (and potentially taller and tall buildings policies / buildings - notably along the analysis. river and adjacent to mainline rail stations).

Historic Central A significant portion Review the existing Scope out and procure Implement and monitor Implement, monitor Glasgow City Council, Historic High Impact / City Glasgow’s built heritage is of the Central DRF Conservation Area policies a Conservation Area policy effectiveness. and adjust policy / Environments Scotland, Centre Project recognised as one of the city’s area is included within and guidance. Audit what appraisal. Refresh the Implement projects projects Glasgow City Heritage Trust, / Short to Long prized assets. Consultees the Central Glasgow actions / guidance is or Conservation Area with secured funding. Glasgow Building Preservation Term overwhelmingly cite built heritage Conservation Area. is not currently adhered policy and guidance Implement a Central Trust, Scottish Civic Trust, as one of the best things Glasgow Built heritage enriches to. Consider preparing supplemented / replaced heritage interpretation others. city centre has. Glasgow, gives areas in Central specific guidance with Central area specific programme. the DRF distinctiveness to emphasise the area’s appraisal and guidance. However there is concern amongst and is crucial to the future distinctive historic identity. Scope out and develop many consultees that existing policy success of the area. Approach all owners of funding application to / enforcement is failing to secure historic buildings / sites support maintenance and sustainable long term uses for to evaluate potential to appreciation of Central’s historic buildings. Several heritage support / advise. Early built and social heritage. consultees highlighted the plight of focus on buildings at risk many buildings at risk, with concern (e.g. Egyptian Halls and that policy / support is insufficient. Lions Chambers) Many consultees feel there’s a lack of appreciation of the importance of the built heritage, and many buildings are poorly maintained.

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Impact / Reach / (Y)our Central Action Plan Immediate Short Term : Y1 Medium Term : Y2-Y4 Long Term : Y5+ Key Stakeholders Term Justification / Observations Lively Street fronts Active street frontages Confirm existing and new Maintain a dynamic map / Review and refine policy Review and refine Glasgow City Council - DRS High Impact / Quality active frontages are on principal routes, routes to have the greatest monitor of active frontage through implementation. policy through (supported by 3rd party review Local Project / fundamental to successful cities in line with IPG1 - focus for active frontage throughout DRF. Review Consider researching implementation / research). Liaison with Short to Medium and convivial streets. It is essential Placemaking Principle. (e.g. Argyle Street). Audit implementation of planning data re footfall / economic developers / land and building Term to monitor the condition and Ensure accessible / active existing building frontages. policy and areas for benefits in areas with owners / occupants and provide support / guidance to frontages on principal Identify missing pieces / redefinition / reinforcement successful implementation. architects building owners / developers to streets / spaces / routes areas for improvement. of policy. Scope out a ensure active street frontages are throughout Central DRF Test application of new shop front / street frontage introduced in the correct locations. - including along the river planning policy (DRF SPG) enhancement programme frontage. and pilot on Argyle Street.

Design Guidelines Needed For high profile sites / Review Central DRF Scope and procure design Adopt and apply Design Monitor and review Glasgow City Council - DRS Local Policy Restoring Argyle Street, enlivening streets or recurring issues recommendations. guidelines to augment Guidelines. Monitor and effectiveness and and NS, Historic Environment the River and locations around clear Design Guidelines Confirm locations that Central DRF and River Park review effectiveness. adjust guidelines Scotland, Architecture + Design Queen Street Station (from George are needed to ensure high warrant specific design masterplan. accordingly. Scotland Square to Buchanan Bus Station) quality design is applied to guidelines (e.g. Argyle are high priorities emerging Central’s regeneration. Street, area around Queen from the DRF, with widespread Street Station incl. George backing from consultees. It is Square / Buchanan essential that regeneration (place- Galleries / North Hanover making and place-mending) is Street / Buchanan Bus achieved to the highest standards Station, Central Business in these locations. Specific District) design guidelines are therefore recommended to give clear advice to designers, developers and planners.

Open up Buchanan Galleries Open up routes to and Establish dialogue with Commission and Make the business Complete and monitor Buchanan Galleries managers / High Impact /Local Consultees agreed with analysis through Shopping Centre stakeholders (especially conclude a feasibility case to implement the impacts of new owners Project / Short to confirming the extent to which the to connect the city centre Buchanan Galleries) to study / masterplan to recommendations of the routes. Long Term large mall severs north-south routes (George Square) with the review feasibility for access create linkages through feasibility study to integrate Glasgow City Council to and from the city centre and Buchanan Bus Station and routes / rights of way from the Shopping Centre (to/ restored routes in parallel Buchanan Bus Station. There was Cowcaddens. George Square / West from Queen Street Station with redeveloping the adjacent landowners / investors widespread support and interest George Street to Buchanan / Buchanan Bus Station) Shopping Centre and / developers in restoring these connections and Bus Station through the to improve connections to adjacent development at opening up the mall to be better shopping mall. Seek and and through the mall (to Queen Street Station (Y)our City Centre Pedestrian integrated within the city centre secure funding to develop increase footfall). Identify Champion street network and links to transport a masterplan to restore any ‘quick wins’ and seek hubs. connections (and enhance to trial these. North Hanover Street) A better connected mall should assist (and benefit from) increased footfall.

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Impact / Reach / (Y)our Central Action Plan Immediate Short Term : Y1 Medium Term : Y2-Y4 Long Term : Y5+ Key Stakeholders Term Justification / Observations (Y)our Vibrant Central

Central DRF features Confirm DRF analysis of Procure and conclude a Monitor impact of each Ongoing monitoring. Glasgow City Council - DRS Local Policy / Analysis and consultation confirms approximately existing and proposed Masterplan for adoption / Masterplan (and any Planning that the City Centre Districts 5/6 distinctive neighbourhood promotion / coordination subsequent masterplans) (as defined in the City Centre neighbourhoods. This characteristics. Consider of regeneration of sites in Strategy) are composed of diversity should be need for further Central, Blythswood Hill, numerous neighbourhoods with celebrated and (where neighbourhood specific Central Business District, different characteristics. It was appropriate) reinforced or masterplans George Square / Queen widely accepted that proposals redefined. Street Station, St. Enoch should seek to retain and / Central Station. Confirm emphasise (where appropriate) brief for any additional the distinctiveness of each neighbourhoods out with neighbourhood, notably those that those noted above. are / need transforming.

Mixed and Repopulated Central

Increased mix of Review and confirm Conclude review of policies Continue to promote Continue to promote Glasgow City Council, High Impact / City Successful city centres succeed complementary uses analysis undertaken in and market research. / enable mixed use / enable mixed use landowners, Scottish Enterprise, Centre Project / on the basis of a positive mix necessary to ensure Central DRF. Identify gaps Identify barriers and development. Monitor development. Scottish Futures Trust, Long Term of appropriate uses. Analysis, Central and Gorbals in analysis and sources opportunities for delivering implementation and review developers / investors, Invest reinforced by consultation, confirms become lively urban city of relevant information mixed use development policy / procedures. Glasgow that many parts of the Central DRF centre neighbourhoods. on existing capacity and in Central DRF. Adjust area suffer because of a lack of This includes employment projected land-uses / policies / guidance mixed uses. Certain parts of the uses (e.g. business) and market demand / capacity. accordingly. Promote DRF area are either dominated by also increased residential Review existing policies in Central DRF area to enable a single land use or large scale population (see Re- terms of delivering mixed mixed use development / buildings (e.g. Buchanan Galleries) Populated Central below) use development. investment. which creates a ‘dead zone’ at certain time(s) of the day / week or have an unsuccessful mix of inappropriate uses

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Impact / Reach / (Y)our Central Action Plan Immediate Short Term : Y1 Medium Term : Y2-Y4 Long Term : Y5+ Key Stakeholders Term Justification / Observations Re-purpose vacant spaces / buildings (Y)our Stalled Spaces - Temporary / Meanwhile Uses / Events Continuous programme Map out current initiatives Adjust / refine / streamline Secure funding to Maintain (Y)our Glasgow City Council - (Y)our High Impact / Glasgow has developed a strong of events / temporary / (e.g. Stalled Spaces etc.). approvals processes / maintain the (Y)our Vacant Space Fixer Vacant Space Fixer, regulatory Local and City track record in using events and permanent interventions Obtain feedback from contact points at GCC for Vacant Space Fixer team programme. Maintain bodies, landowners / building Centre projects / temporary ‘meanwhile’ uses to transform vacant property owners / groups advice to enable more / posts. Maintain focus focus on reactivating owners, GCHT, existing and Short Term ‘Quick to enliven the city centre, trial and under-utilised sites interested in progressing activity. Adjust / refine on reactivating vacant vacant buildings / potential events organisers (e.g. Win’ to Longer activities and seek to change / buildings in Central ideas. / streamline approvals buildings / spaces - spaces - proactively arts organisations), Term perceptions about parts of the city DRF. This could include; processes / contact points proactively approaching approaching property centre. Central DRF area urgently temporary sports / play Outline job description / at GCC for advice to property owners / owners / occupiers. requires to be reimagined and spaces, temporary funding for (Y)our Vacant enable more activity. occupiers. have perceptions changed. Several gardens (Stalled Spaces), Space Fixer - to help Continue seasonal consultees indicating a willingness street festivals (food, light, enable /advice building Develop prioritised Deliver rolling programme cycle of events and to work with GCC to deliver events art), temporary take-over owners and occupants programme and fund of repurposing and events, activities throughout and progress upgrades of under- or longer term retrofitting how to repurpose property dedicated officer(s) to selected to encourage City Centre to enliven utilised buildings. of vacant buildings to (and secure funding coordinate and enable longer term regeneration underused space. revitalise derelict buildings / navigate statutory repurposing of underused of Central DRF. Continuous Focus on enabling existing events / buildings at risk. Focus processes). property > (Y)our Vacant review of effectiveness / Review impacts. and encouraging targeted new on vacant upper floors Space Fixers. Trial a scope for improvement. activities. and activating vacant Commence mapping of ‘Presumed Yes’ / ‘Green- retail units on principal candidate sites (vacant / Tape’ approach to enable streets (e.g. Argyle Street, under occupied buildings repurposing / events to Sauchiehall Street etc.) / sites - especially vacant occur. upper floors). Approach building owners Review funding / ‘red to explore scope to trial tape’ issues. Review new proactive way of effectiveness of existing tackling long term vacancy events programming. /dereliction.

Continue and conclude review of current events programming. Progress and deliver events / ideas in planning or emerging through DRF.

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Impact / Reach / (Y)our Central Action Plan Immediate Short Term : Y1 Medium Term : Y2-Y4 Long Term : Y5+ Key Stakeholders Term Justification / Observations Experience shopping in central Support a high density, Review and confirm Conduct soft market Promote / market sites Continue to promote / Glasgow City Council, City Moderate Impact / Retail demand bolstered by mixed use urban district analysis in Central DRF testing on the scope to along Argyle Street / market sites / vacant Centre Retailers Association, City Centre Project increased residential and working with more residents a and proposed planning extend and diversify higher Sauchiehall Street / buildings for retail. Chamber of Commerce, / Medium to Long population in the DRF area as part greater variety of shops, policy. Review available quality retail offer east Riverfront with ground floor St Enoch Centre, existing Term of a mixed use quarter. located in optimum Retail Market analysis / along Argyle Street and retail as part of land use business, landowners / locations to support and strategies. west along Sauchiehall mix. Trial temporary events investors / developers, property generate footfall / activity. Street. Scope out / / retail uses and monitor agents Supports Lively Street conduct property analysis impacts / proof concepts. fronts. of potential functions in Continue dialogue with all Central DRF area. parties involved in policy and delivery.

Culture in Central Central DRF is home to Map existing active cultural Establish a forum Implement and monitor Implement and Cultural instutions, art High Impact / Consultees appreciate the internationally renowned assets in the area. for the arts / cultural impact. Adjust, refine and monitor impact. community, Creative Scotland, Regional project established national and arts and culture institutions community to network reprogramme. Adjust, refine and Glasgow Life, Glasgow City / Short to Long internationally renowned cultural and venues. It is essential and share programmes reprogramme. Council Term assets in the Central DRF area. to retain and augment / opportunities to It was also highlighted that they these and benefit from the collaborate. Develop a would benefit from additional cultural connections. Central DRF area cultural funding and support to network and programme. collaborate even more effectively to strengthen audience connection Seek funding to implement and reach.

208 209 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL ACTION PLAN ACTION PLAN (Y)our Vibrant Central Action Plan

Impact / Reach / (Y)our Central Action Plan Immediate Short Term : Y1 Medium Term : Y2-Y4 Long Term : Y5+ Key Stakeholders Term Justification / Observations Community Infrastructure To support a vibrant, Confirm initial mapping Review applicable Adjust policy / investment Ongoing Community Planning High Impact / City In anticipation of an increased city mixed urban district with of existing and planned policies for infrastructure plans according to implementation and Partnership - lead, Glasgow City Project / Short to centre population (resident, working distinctive neighbourhoods amenities. Assess any investment, developer updated projects. Monitor monitoring. Council, Community Councils, Long Term and visitor) it is vital to assess with a growing population spare capacity, catchment contributions and effectiveness of any early Scottish Futures Trust, NHS, and plan to address any identified the provision of appropriate and the potential and any relevant existing adjustments. Implement Emergency Services, Public shortfall in provision of community amenities (including projected increases in / emerging models new policies / investment Sector bodies with estate in infrastructure. Any discussions community infrastructure, resident and working to assist in delivering plans. central Glasgow. and analysis regarding increased education, health and population envisaged enhanced community city centre living also highlighted social care, recreation / for Central DRF area. infrastructure / amenities. the need to provide the facilities leisure space) is vital. Commence supply / Conclude supply / demand required of an increased population demand projections to projections to scope density in central Glasgow. scope out potential gaps in out existing / potential provision. Review existing gaps in provision. Adjust policies / planned public policy / investment plans sector investment in and according to updated around Glasgow city projects. centre.

210 211 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL ACTION PLAN ACTION PLAN Transforming (Y)our Central Action Plan

Impact / Reach / (Y)our Central Action Plan Immediate Short Term : Y1 Medium Term : Y2-Y4 Long Term : Y5+ Key Stakeholders Term Justification / Observations Transforming (Y)our Central Sustainable Central Central / Gorbals Review opportunities for Procure and conclude Monitor impact of each Ongoing Glasgow City Council - DRS Local Policy / Glasgow has developed regeneration should pilot integrating sustainable each neighbourhood Masterplan and associated implementation / Scottish Government, Planning progressive strategies for future- new ways to integrate urbanism / planning into Masterplan, with specific energy masterplan and monitoring. Universities proofing the city (e.g. surface sustainable urban solutions area regeneration (e.g.. engineering advice on general sustainable energy providers / utilities, High Impact / water management, resilience, (Low carbon, climate Queen Street Station / sustainable urbanism and urbanism advice. businesses / new tech Long Term etc.). These need to be properly change adaptive etc.) Buchanan Galleries etc.). an energy masterplan, for companies, landowners, integrated into detailed masterplans in central Glasgow that adoption / promotion of Climate Ready Clyde for priority areas. Central is one of can be applied across all Seek Scottish Government sites. the highest priority regeneration DRFs. support to test / trial sites in central Glasgow, with innovations in urban several potential sites to innovate energy masterplanning. and pilot the technical implications of this approach.

Technical consultees were very supportive on an holistic and integrated approach to pioneer new ways to enable low carbon regeneration in the city centre.

Smart Central Translating pilot projects Review specific findings Progress data sharing Progress / pilot (Y)our Ongoing Smart City Strategy Board, High Impact / Following the Future City emerging from Future City of Central DRF review of and analysis across Smart Central action plan implementation / Glasgow City Council, National Project Demonstrator project, Glasgow Demonstrator project into Smart Cities solutions key partners (GCC, with Smart City Strategy monitoring. Urban Big Data Centre, / Short to Long has a platform to develop a local DRFs. Development and technology. Review Universities, Marketing Board. Implement and City Observatory, Glasgow Term progressive and integrated smart of a (Y)our Smart City ‘maturity models’ and Bureau (Glasgow Life), monitor impacts. Marketing Bureau (Glasgow cities action plan. There exists a Action plan of projects cross check with ongoing others). Agree (Y) Life), 3rd party’s datasets, significant dataset and expertise to embed into public initiatives with newly our Smart Central action within Glasgow to capitalise on realm and development established Smart City plan and funding / this investment to integrate Smart investment. Strategy Board. Coordinate responsibilities with Smart City thinking and technology to sharing of dataset / City Strategy Board. help assess impacts and confirm knowledge between GCC, Implement and monitor priorities for future investment. city’s Universities (Urban impacts. Big Data Centre, City Observatory etc.) and others

212 213 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL ACTION PLAN ACTION PLAN Transforming (Y)our Central Action Plan

Impact / Reach / (Y)our Central Action Plan Immediate Short Term : Y1 Medium Term : Y2-Y4 Long Term : Y5+ Key Stakeholders Term Justification / Observations Central Brand Beyond the St Enoch Review current status Procure and conclude Implement brand Ongoing Invest Glasgow, Marketing High Impact / Many consultees / stakeholders Shopping Centre and of marketing / branding development of Central guidance. Promote Central implementation / Bureau (Glasgow Life), Glasgow Local Project / reflected that the area /name is Merchant City place for Central. Scope out branding to align with - update collateral etc. monitoring. City Council, Glasgow Chamber Short to Medium dominated by the Shopping Centre branding Central DRF a campaign / brief for a new Masterplan for the Monitor impacts. of Commerce Term and any refocused promotion area (and it’s constituent refreshed / focussed area area. Liaise with existing of development sites should be parts) should be vigorously branding. investors / landowner / accompanied by updated branding, promoted via a wider re- developers. Launch (Y)our which may be even more location / branding of Glasgow City Central branding. project specific given how diverse Centre as a place to invest, the Central DRF area is. live and do business.

Central Performance Monitor Monitor progress and Review existing KPIs for Trial and finalise monitoring Adopt monitoring regime. Ongoing City Centre Strategy Board, Procedure / Policy To enable key partners to review effectiveness of this Action monitoring delivery of City regime. Consider scope to Review applicability. Roll implementation / Glasgow City Council progress in delivering / updating Plan with reference to Centre Strategy, City Deal, dovetail with Smart Cities out for all DRFs monitoring using Short Term this Action Plan it is vital to establish specific key performance etc. Scope out KPIs for agenda / action plan. KPIs. Audit / review KPIs. The measures of success indicators. Central DRF based upon monitoring regime. need to be SMART (Specific, DRF Objectives. Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, and Time-Bound)

Central Conservation Area Focussed redefinition of Review and agree Undertake Conservation Update Conservation Ongoing Glasgow City Council, Historic Local Policy Many consultees highlighted the Central DRF conservation recommendation of Area appraisal to identify Area policies. Implement implementation / Environment Scotland, GBPT, significance of Central DRF area’s area within Central a Conservation Area new approaches to findings of review reference application of policy. GCHT High Impact / heritage. It creates a distinctiveness Conservation Area. Appraisal, seeking a heritage buildings in awareness / interpretation Monitor impacts. National Project / for Central and connection to it’s specific Central DRF area the 2020s. Identify of Central built / social Ongoing merchant / social history. Many felt focus. demonstration projects for heritage. that there is a need to refresh and long term vacant buildings apply the policy framework as it with owners. Promote exists. awareness of social and built heritage

214 215 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL ACTION PLAN ACTION PLAN Transforming (Y)our Central Action Plan

Impact / Reach / (Y)our Central Action Plan Immediate Short Term : Y1 Medium Term : Y2-Y4 Long Term : Y5+ Key Stakeholders Term Justification / Observations Central Heritage Property Fund Develop and manage a Confirm principles with Publicise & promote fund, Complete two priority Complete additional Glasgow City Heritage Trust, High Impact / Several consultees reflected on heritage property funding Glasgow City Heritage identify priority projects projects & deliver six two priority projects & Glasgow City Council, Owners Local Project/ the slow progress to secure long package for grant support Trust/GCC and identify (e.g. buildings at risk) successful funding deliver four successful of heritage buildings, Historic Medium Term term uses for buildings at risk in the toward bringing heritage funds. Undertake appraisal applications. Review. funding applications. Environments Scotland area (e.g. Egyptian Halls). Fresh buildings back into use. To and draft fund guidelines approaches to secure Central’s include proactive planning/ heritage asset would be welcomed conservation/building regs by stakeholders. advice and match funding . Scope for pilot in Central to demonstrate best practice

Night-Time Central Programme of events / Review recent/existing Scope out potential Continue to deliver and Continue to monitor Glasgow City Council, High Impact / Many consultees, including building trials to redefine Central events / activities and seasonal events / activities monitor impacts of impacts and Community Safety Glasgow, Local Project / occupiers / owners flagged up the as an attractive, safe and scope out potential (refer to (Y)our Temporary temporary activities / deliver enhanced buildings owners / occupiers, ‘Quick Win’ Short lack of safe and attractive evening quality evening destination partners for future events. / Meanwhile Uses above) seasonal events. Measure programme. community councils, Creative Term economy in the area. Several Liaise with community - develop funding / success and seek to Scotland, Glasgow Life, indicated desire to support / deliver safety / policing re sponsorship to secure enliven Central and Retailers and Hoteliers events / activities to trial what could issues relating to events initial first year programme improve marketability of Associations, VisitScotland, work in Central. management and safety. and implement activities. area for further investment. Police Scotland Monitor impacts and obtain Many consultees indicated that feedback. Use evidence Central needs to be redefined as base to make the case for a riverfront destination for evening forward funding for further economy and that this would assist events in Central. in retaining / attracting business and future residents / investment to the area.

Clean and Well Maintained Central Street cleanliness and Review finding of Confirm minimum Continue to monitor Continue to monitor Glasgow City Council, building High Impact / City One of the most frequently maintenance is a high Operational Services standards / KPIs for KPIs (and applicability of KPIs and review owners / occupiers, SEPA Centre Project / recurring issues raised by public priority issue. Getting SWOT analysis and street cleaning and measures of successful monitoring system. ‘Quick Win’ Short consultees is the maintenance and the basics right is vital to feedback from DRF maintenance. Review and performance). Seek Term to Long Term cleanliness of streets throughout refresh Glaswegians’ and consultation processes. monitor implementation updated feedback annually central Glasgow. Notwithstanding visitor’s perceptions of Review recent changes and compliance with from public and city centre investment in public realm most Glasgow city centre. in street cleaning, waste KPIs. Assess scope for stakeholders to monitor consultees complained about the management and Smart City and other environmental quality and poor quality of streets in Glasgow. maintenance. new processes to pilot public satisfaction. Enhanced maintenance is a high new ways of working to priority issue for most consultees. enhance outcomes.

216 217 (Y)OUR CENTRAL (Y)OUR CENTRAL ACTION PLAN ACTION PLAN Transforming (Y)our Central Action Plan

Impact / Reach / (Y)our Central Action Plan Immediate Short Term : Y1 Medium Term : Y2-Y4 Long Term : Y5+ Key Stakeholders Term Justification / Observations Dedicated Central Team Dedicated staff resource Develop business case Appoint dedicated Monitor impacts. Extend Monitor impacts. Glasgow City Council and High Impact / Evidence from elsewhere, to drive Central DRF to secure funding for officer(s) to lead / remit as appropriate. Extend remit as project partners Quick Win combined with observations of regeneration - working with dedicated officer(s) to take coordinate regeneration in appropriate. available resource, indicate that City Centre team and with forward DRF Action Plan. Central DRF. Establish KPIs additional staff / expertise is specific focus on Central Could involve the formation and monitor impacts. required to support City Centre DRF area. of an Arm’s Length Strategy team and project External Organisation / partners to coordinate delivery Joint Venture dedicated of the ambitions of the DRFs. specifically to Central DRF Regeneration in Central will require area regeneration. a higher level of public sector intervention to deliver sustained change.

218 219 Project Team

Client - Glasgow City Council Lead designer, strategy Local consultant, Local designer

Connectivity, spatial Property market Socio-economic Community animation, economics consultants regeneration consultants engagement

Gerry Grams

Smart city consultants Strategic city design Engineering advice Cost consultants adviser