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A NEW SPECIES of CATASETUM (ORCHIDACEAE: CATASETINAE) from CASANARE, COLOMBIA Miguel M

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A NEW SPECIES of CATASETUM (ORCHIDACEAE: CATASETINAE) from CASANARE, COLOMBIA Miguel M LANKESTERIANA 17(3): 403–409. 2017. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/lank.v17i3.31644 A NEW SPECIES OF CATASETUM (ORCHIDACEAE: CATASETINAE) FROM CASANARE, COLOMBIA MIGUEL M. BONILLA MORALES1, JOHAN DE J. MOSQUERA HERNÁNDEZ1 & ADARILDA PETINI-BENELLI2,3 1 Grupo de investigación EduciTec, Lic. Pdn Agropecuaria, Universidad de los Llanos, Sede Barcelona, Villavicencio, Colombia 2 Post-Graduate Program in Ecology and Conservation of the Biodiversity, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso. Av. Fernando Correa da Costa, 2.367, Bairro Boa Esperança, CCBS-II, 78060-900 Cuiabá, Mato Grosso State, Brazil 3 Author for correspondence: [email protected] ABSTRACT. A new species of Catasetum was found in eastern Colombia, Casanare Department, in the Orinoquía bioregion. The species is described and illustrated, and data associated with its phenology, distribution and conservation status are discussed. The new species, C. lucisuareziae, is related to other species found in the same region, like C. rectangulare and C. callosum, from which it mainly differs by the three-lobed labellum and the presence of two subglobular calli at the base. RESUMEN. Una nueva especie de Catasetum fue encontrada en el departamento de Casanare hacia el oriente de Colombia, en la bioregión de la Orinoquía. Se describe e ilustra la especie y se estipulan parámetros asociados a su fenología, distribución y estado de conservación. La nueva especie, Catasetum lucisuareziae, es comparable con otras especies que se encuentran en la misma región, como C. rectangulare y C. callosum, pero difiere de ellas principalmente por su labelo trilobulado y la presencia de dos callos subglobulares en la base. KEY WORDS / PALABRAS CLAVE: biodiversidad, biodiversity, Catasetum bicolor, Catasetum lucisuareziae, conservación, conservation, Cymbidieae, Epidendroideae, Orinoquía Introduction. Orchidaceae include about 28,000 species 2011). In the Orchidaceae, 32 genera and 58 species and, together with Asteraceae, it is the most diverse have been recorded from this area (Betancourt et group of angiosperms (Chase et al. 2015). Colombia al. 2015). However, recent studies conducted in the is one of the countries with the greatest diversity of Orinoco river basin addressed the importance of the Orchidaceae, with 4,270 species in 270 genera; about region’s biodiversity, showing that 77 orchid species 35% of the species are endemic (Betancourt, Sarmiento, were recorded in the Meta Department alone (Jiménez Toro-González & Valencia 2015). Most of the endemic 2011). Two years after the start of the explorations in species are native to the Andean bioregion. The areas this region, the number of documented orchid species with the lowest diversity are the Orinoco river basin already overcome the 300 taxa (Bonilla et al. 2013b). and the Atlantic slopes, with only 143 species recorded The material examined for this study was collected (Betancourt et al. 2015, Sarmiento 2007). in 2013, during the exploration of Casanare, when a The genus Catasetum includes about 140 species population of a unidentfied species of Catasetum was distributed throughout the Neotropics (Romero & found in the town of Hato Corozal. The plants were Jenny 1993, Romero 2012), although Chase et al. cultivated in a greenhouse at Villavicencio (Meta), in the (2015) accept up to 176 taxa. For Colombia, Ortiz farm of Luci Suárez, for their documentation and study. and Uribe (2007, 2014), Bonilla, Mosquera and Otero (2013a), Ortiz (2015) and Betancourt et al. (2015) Results. Based on floral morphology, the new species recognize 37 species. described hereafter, Catasetum lucisuareziae, belongs to a small group of species that in Colombia includes C. Materials and methods. Casanare is one of the least bicolor Klotzsch, C. callosum Lindl. and C. rectangulare studied departments of Colombia (Usma & Trujillo G.F.Carr. Received 13 March 2017; accepted for publication 5 December 2017. First published online: 7 December 2017. Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Costa Rica License 404 LANKESTERIANA KEY TO THE COLOMBIAN SPECIES OF CATASETUM RELATED TO C. LUCISUAREZIAE 1. Petals linear to oblong-lanceolate 2 2. Lateral sepals falcate, labellum rectangular C. rectangulare 2’. Lateral sepals reflexed or oblique, labellum lanceolate, ovate or trilobed 3 3. Labellum lanceolate, ovate or slightly off site with a central callus apiculate C. callosum 3’. Labellum trilobed, without a callus C. boyi 1’. Petals elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate 4 4. Labellum trilobed, the mid-lobe slightly elliptic C. lucisuareziae 4’. Labellum pentalobed, the mid-lobe triangular C. bicolor Catasetum lucisuareziae M. Bonilla, J. Mosquera & slim and projected forward and backward. Anther Benelli, sp.nov. Fig. 1–2. operculate, apiculate, unilocular, ca. 9 × 3 mm, the apex yellowish-green. Pollinia 2, elliptic-obovate, TYPE: Colombia. Casanare: Hato Corozal, Bosque de flattened dorsiventrally, split, yellow, ca. 3 × 1 mm, Sabana, 6.133541° -71.728464°, 222 m, 26-VI-2013, M Bonilla-M., J Mosquera, A Velázquez & L Suárez, on a oblong stipe and sticky viscidium. Female s.n. (holotype, LLANOS!). flowers not observed. Immature fruit green, trilocular. ISTRIBUTION DIAGNOSIS: Catasetum lucisuareziae is similar to C. D : The species has been hiterto recorded bicolor, from which it mainly differs by the 3-lobed only from the municipality of Hato Corozal (Fig. 3). labellum (vs. 5-lobed) and the two subglobular calli at EPONYMY: In honor of Luci Suárez, who has taken the base of the lip (vs. two ligules); it also resembles charge of the conservation and management of native C. rectangulare and C. callosum, from which it differs orchid species of Meta. by the ovate-lanceolate bracts, elliptic petals, 3-lobed PHENOLOGY: This species flowered in January in labellum with 2 basal subglobular calli, and erect cultivation. staminal column. CONSERVATION STATUS: According to the criteria of Epiphytic, cespitose herb, 15–40 cm tall when the IUCN (2014), C. lucisuareziae is characterized leafy. Pseudobulb ca. 13 × 6 cm, terete, elliptical- as Data Deficient (DD). The only known population spindle, of 1–9 internodes. Leaves ca. 25 × 4 cm, of the species is not located within any conservation oblong-lanceolate, distichous, plicate, deciduous. unit. However, ex situ conservation management Inflorescence basal, 1–2 symultaneous, many- performed by Mrs. Luci Suárez and his son on their flowered (12–20) racemes, straight or curved at the farm is highly relevant for its preservation. apex, ca. 25 cm long, provided with basal bracts. Male flowers resupinate, fragrant, brown, the Catasetum lucisuareziae belongs to subgenus labellum yellow-green. Pedicel ca. 45 mm long, Catasetum section Isoceras (Mansf.) Senghas, including the short ovary. Floral bracts lanceolate- characterized by symmetrical antennae (Senghas 1990, ovate, 9 × 3 mm. Dorsal sepal oblong-elliptic, acute, Romero 2009). concave, membranous, ca. 29 × 7 mm. Lateral sepals Among the species found in the bioregion of elliptic, acute, convex, membranous, ca. 30 × 7 mm. the Orinoco (Bonilla et al. 2014), the most alike are Petals elliptic, convex, membranous, ca. 26 × 5 mm. C. rectangulare and C. callosum. The three species Labellum 3-lobed, sacciform, cordate when spread, can be easily distinct, however, on the basis of their fleshy,6–7 mm long, 10.0–10.8 mm wide, 9 mm deep, characteristic floral morphology (Table 1). Catasetum the lateral lobes elliptic with the margin sometimes rectangulare and C. callosum have linear and undulate, the midlobe triangular, round, with two oblong-lanceolate floral bracts, respectively, while C. subglobular calli at the base. Column trigonous, lucisuareziae has ovate-lanceolate bracts. While in C. erect, ca. 18 mm long, 3–4 mm wide toward the apex, lucisuareziae the petals are elliptic, they are linear to yellowish-green stained brown; rostellum 6–8 mm, oblong-lanceolate in C. rectangulare and C. callosum. LANKESTERIANA 17(3). 2017. © Universidad de Costa Rica, 2017. BONILLA et al. — A new Catasetum from Colombia 405 FIGURE 1. Catasetum lucisuareziae. A. Male flower, frontal view. B. Column set: a, frontal view; b, lateral view. C. Column with labellum set: a, lateral view; b, same, with the labellum longitudinally sectioned. D. General view of the plant habit without leaves, the inflorescence with male flowers. E. Male flower, dissected perianth: a, dorsal sepal; b, petal; c, lateral sepal; d, labellum, frontal view. F. Pollinarium, two views. G. Anther cap in frontal, lateral and dorsal views. H. Floral bract. Illustration by M. M. Bonilla-M. from the type. LANKESTERIANA 17(3). 2017. © Universidad de Costa Rica, 2017. 406 LANKESTERIANA FIGURE 2. Catasetum lucisuareziae M. Bonilla, J. Mosquera & Benelli. A. Inflorescence. B. Male flower, lateral view. C. Male flower, frontal view. D. Imature fruit. Illustration by M. M. Bonilla-M. In addition, C. lucisuareziae has a lobed labellum with bioregion of the Atlantic and the Middle Magdalena two subglobulares calli (vs. entire with a single callus), valley between the Cordillera Central (CC) and and the apex straight basck (vs. arched and slightly the Cordillera Oriental (CO), on the western flank. curved) (Table 1). However, it was not registered from the eastern flank Catasetum lucisuareziae can also be compared of the CO or the bioregion of the Orinoco (Bonilla et al. to C. bicolor, which is recorded for Colombia in the 2013b, Ortiz 2015). Nevertheless, the 3-lobed labellum LANKESTERIANA 17(3). 2017. © Universidad de Costa Rica,
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