KJA RECOMMENDATION INCLUDING PROJECT SEMESTER IN GRADUATE CURRICULUM
(Based on a project experience undertaken by Malnad Progressive Education Society on Preparing Students for Research Training: A Pilot Study on Environmental Pollutants in the Konkan Belt)
Karnataka Jnana Aayoga (Karnataka Knowledge Commission) Government of Karnataka
AUGUST 2019
INCLUDING PROJECT SEMESTER IN GRADUATE CURRICULUM
(Based on a project experience undertaken by Malnad Progressive Education Society on Preparing Students for Research Training: A Pilot Study on Environmental Pollutants in the Konkan Belt)
August 2019
Karnataka Jnana Aayoga (Karnataka Knowledge Commission) Government of Karnataka
Preparing Students for Research Training: A Pilot Study on Environmental Pollutants in the Konkan Belt
Published by:
Karnataka Jnana Aayoga (Karnataka Knowledge Commission) Government of Karnataka Room No. 432, 433 and 438, 439, 4th Floor, Vikasa Soudha Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Veedhi Bengaluru – 560 001 [email protected] www.karnataka.gov.in/jnanaayoga
Preparing Students for Research Training: A Pilot Study on Environmental Pollutants in the Konkan Belt
MESSAGE
To promote interest among students in science and scientific research, KJA supported the proposal of MPES on ‘Preparing Students for Research Training: A Pilot Study on Environment Pollutants in the Konkan Belt’. The proposal was very unique interms of giving students the experiential learning about science and scientific methodologies through undertaking a pilot study of environment pollutants in the Konkan Belt. This apart, KJA, considered the proposal as an important endeavor as it was for the UG and PG students of Honnavar, a small coastal town, which lacks well established science labs for students.
The Two-year project, completely undertaken by students, with faculty support and guidance, has exposed students to scientific methodologies. The hands-on experience, which the students have gained through visiting the fields, by collecting the samples, testing and analyzing in the labs, using scientific apparatus, has enhanced their knowledge of the subject and has truly empowered them. The academic performance of students has remarkably progressed as their understanding of the subject has deepened. This has also impacted students’ future education and career choices. At the time, when many UG colleges are closing down the science stream, due to lack of admission, it is very heartening to hear that students of this college wants to pursue science in their higher education and make a profession in science domain. This project has instilled a sense of empowerment and curiosity among students to learn from the field, to go beyond the classroom teachings. It is also welcoming to know that the colleges in the vicinity have shown great interest, and some have approached MPES, to design and undertake such research projects to expose students to science and scientific research.
It is not only students, who have immensely benefited from the project, even the faculty members have had a great learning during the project period. The teaching-learning that took place during the project, outside the classroom, in the fields, not only made learning of complex concepts easier for students, but also helped teachers enhance their academic and social skills. Setting up of a lab in a region like Honnavar seemed challenging for the MPES management but the whole task was well handled. It is of immense pleasure to learn that the lab is being well used, not only by students and faculty of MPES, but also by other nearby colleges.
The impact of this project on students is visible in their enhanced academic performance and in the career choices that they are making. To make experiential learning possible for large number of students, KJA recommends setting up of research labs in undergraduate colleges, especially, in those colleges that are located in rural Karnataka. A research paper at undergraduate level must be introduced across all streams-science, humanities & social sciences and commerce- so that students of all streams are given similar opportunity to learn. Exposure to scientific research methodologies and hands-on learning through participation in the Research will certainly help students prepare themselves to take on the challenges of 21st century knowledge society.
Preparing Students for Research Training: A Pilot Study on Environmental Pollutants in the Konkan Belt
I take this opportunity to congratulate the students, faculty members and management of MPES for having successfully completed research training project.
I also take this opportunity to thank KJA Members, for their valuable inputs and ACS/Principal Secretaries of Department of Higher Education, GoK for kind support.
August 26, 2019
Preparing Students for Research Training: A Pilot Study on Environmental Pollutants in the Konkan Belt
FOREWORD
Karnataka is emerging as a Knowledge State in the country and needs to take on the 21st century global challenges in terms of innovation, conservation of heritage, generation of new knowledge, application of knowledge in every sphere of life, skill development, enhancement of competencies, creation of better human capital, to create new knowledge economy, besides creation of more humane society. To address these challenges, Government of Karnataka constituted Karnataka Jnana Aayoga (KJA) as a recommendatory body, under the Chairmanship of Dr. K. Kasturirangan. Aayoga is composed of experts from various fields of knowledge. The reason for having a body like KJA in the state is mainly to engage experts in different areas and to obtain professional and knowledge recommendations for improving governance in state. As an independent professional-expert body, KJA Members bring new ideation, undertake extensive brain- storming and wide consultations on important and relevant issues for the state’s development and make specific actionable recommendations to government. Tasks of KJA are mainly “proof-of-concept” and get defined/formulated, either through internal discussions within KJA – mainly issues of public/societal/technological and knowledge relevance for the state or are identified through interactions with GOK departments. As part of “proof-of-concept”, KJA takes up technical assessments, studies, small demonstrations, proto-typing analysis, policy analysis, social impact assessment etc., which result in relevant recommendations to GOK.
The Malnad Progressive Education Society (MPES), Honnavar approached KJA for funds to establish a Graduate Research Laboratory so that students can take up graduate research. Based on discussion and approval of Chairman, KJA, it was then suggested to MPES that a proposal may be submitted for a knowledge activity or unique education proposition-which can be considered by KJA. MPES submitted the proposal ‘Preparing Students for Research Training: A Pilot Study on Environmental Pollutant in the Konkan Belt.’ The underlying objective of the proposal was to provide research experience to graduate and undergraduate students by exposing them to first-hand experience in the research area. KJA endorsed the idea and on Members suggestion, MPES’ capabilities and preparedness to undertake project was assessed. The Expert Team lead by Prof. M.R.S. Rao explored all aspects of the institution and submitted an assessment report. Based on the assessment report, KJA Technical Committee and KJA Management Committee approved the proposal for 2 years. KJA constituted a Monitoring and Guidance Committee under the Co-Chairmanship of Prof. M.R.S. Rao and Dr. Gayatri Saberwal to guide the MPES project team in implementing the project.
Based on the review of the project impact, KJA recommends setting up of research labs in undergraduate colleges, especially in those located in rural Karnataka. KJA Members appreciated the project and suggested submitting the recommendation to Higher Education Department, GOK, to
Preparing Students for Research Training: A Pilot Study on Environmental Pollutants in the Konkan Belt
institutionalize research project in UG curriculum in science, humanities and social sciences and commerce streams, with financial support from GOK.
The project received immense appreciation as it positively impacted the students in their academic performance and future education and career choices. Faculty members of MPES have also benefitted from the project as they got an opportunity to participate in setting up of a science lab in their college and also to undertake research with large number of students beyond classroom. This unique project has enhanced knowledge and research skills of both students and teachers.
I take this opportunity to convey my sincere thanks to Honourable Chairman, KJA for his kind support; and KJA Members, especially Prof. M.R.S. Rao and Dr. Gayatri Saberwal, for monitoring and guiding the project throughout its implementation. My thanks are also due to ACS/ Principal Secretaries of Department of Higher Education. My heartfelt appreciation to all the students for having taken part in this research training project. I also congratulate the faculty, lead by Dr. Srikanth Hegde as PI, and management of MPES for having envisioned such a research project and for having it successfully completed.
Member-Secretary Karnataka Jnana Aayoga [email protected] August 26, 2019
Preparing Students for Research Training: A Pilot Study on Environmental Pollutants in the Konkan Belt
Message College Principal and Project Principal Investigator
The ‘Under Graduate Research Centre’ established in our college campus with the support of Higher Education Department, Government of Karnataka is a unique institution. This centre was started with the primary objective of encouraging students pursue pure science studies, as most of the students after their P.U. Studies take to professional courses like engineering, medical and Diploma in Technical Education. To arrest these trends a need was felt by our Management under Dr. M. P. Karki’s presidentship and started this pilot project in 2014 to train students and teachers in basic research activities in science, social sciences and humanities. Our intention is to motivate our students to think and explore in an innovative way so that their curiosity could be ignited and they may start to think in a different way, they may start looking for something new, may explore new possibilities. We take this opportunity to thank Karnataka Jnana Ayoga (Karnataka Knowledge Commission) which accepted our project proposal, entitled “Preparing Students for Research Training: A Pilot Study on Environmental Pollutants in the Konkan Belt”. Our students involved in the project have said that the opportunity provided helped them in getting first-hand experience in the science career and has created interest in science and technology field. I, on behalf of our Management, teachers and students thank KJA, Government of Karnataka for giving financial support to our Research initiatives. We hope that this humble beginning will definitely take us forward and motivate us to take up more research programmes in every possible field which benefits human society with new inventions and product developments.
Preparing Students for Research Training: A Pilot Study on Environmental Pollutants in the Konkan Belt
MPES President Message
Happy to learn that the Research Project sanctioned by KJA, Higher Education Department, Government of Karnataka entitled “Preparing Students for Research Training: A Pilot Study on Environment Pollutions in the Konkan Belt” has been completed. I acknowledge with deep sense of gratitude the help rendered by the Department of Higher Education, Government of Karnataka, in promoting research activities at the undergraduate colleges in general and in our S.D.M. Degree College in particular. I take this opportunity to express my sincere thanks to Honourable Chairman of KJA Dr. K. Kasturirangan, Member Secretary of KJA Dr. Mukund Rao, Members of KJA and Members of MPES-KJA MGCfor their kind support and guidance. The efforts of our faculty and students of the Chemistry Department also deserve an appreciation. This project in fact has kindled lots of hopes and aspirations among our young science students. I take this opportunity to thank Dr. Shrikanth.P.Hegde, Principal Investigator and his team for their relentless efforts in implementing this pilot project within the stipulated time.
President MPES Honavar, Dr. M. P. Karki
Preparing Students for Research Training: A Pilot Study on Environmental Pollutants in the Konkan Belt
Table of Content
SL.NO. CONTENTS PAGE NO. 1. CHAPTER-1 1 INTRODUCTION 2. CHAPTER-2 3 MPES RESEARCH PROPOSAL TO KJA 3. CHAPTER-3 9 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION 4. CHAPTER 4 52 IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF PROJECT 5. ANNEXURE-1 63 LIST OF FACULTY MEMBERS ASSOCIATED WITH KJA-MPES PROJECT 6. ANNEXURE-2 64 LIST OF STUDENTS INVOLVED IN KJA-MPES PROJECT 7. ANNEXURE-3 72 EQUIPMENTS PROCURED BY MPES UNDER KJA-MPES RESEARCH TRAINING PROJECT 8. ANNEXURE-4 73 PROTOCOLS FOR EXPERIMENTS 9. ANNEXURE-5 90 NAAC CERTIFICATE 10. ANNEXURE-6 92 PROJECT SANCTION ORDER 11. ANNEXURE-7 96 MGC CONSTITUTION ORDER
Preparing Students for Research Training: A Pilot Study on Environmental Pollutants in the Konkan Belt
Preparing Students for Research Training: A Pilot Study on Environmental Pollutants in the Konkan Belt
INTRODUCTION Karnataka is emerging as a Knowledge State in the country and needs to take on the 21st century global challenges in terms of innovation, conservation of heritage, generation of new knowledge, application of knowledge in every sphere of life, skill development, enhancement of competencies, creation of better human capital to create new knowledge economy besides creation of more humane society. To address these challenges, Government of Karnataka constituted Karnataka Jnana Aayoga (KJA) as a recommendatory body, under the Chairmanship of Dr. K. Kasturirangan. Aayoga is composed of experts from various fields of knowledge. The reason for having a body like KJA in the state is mainly to engage experts in different areas and to obtain professional and knowledge recommendations for improving governance in state, benefit to society and enabling citizens of Karnataka. As an independent professional-expert body, KJA Members bring new ideation, undertake extensive brain-storming and wide consultations on important and relevant issues for the state’s development and make specific actionable recommendations to government. KJA was first established in September, 2008, for three-year term, and since then has been re-constituted for subsequent periods. The present KJA has been formally notified on December 26, 2016. The main aims and objectives of the present KJA are to recommend actions for institution building, policy innovation and excellence in the field of education, health, S&T, industry, entrepreneurship, research and innovation, traditional knowledge, agriculture, E-Governance, rural development and ANY other relevant areas.
Tasks of KJA are mainly “proof-of-concept” and get defined/formulated, either through internal discussions within KJA – mainly issues of public/societal/technological and knowledge relevance for the state OR are identified through interactions with GOK departments – mainly issues of governance and development in the state. KJA tasks are “anchored” with one or more departments of GOK – so that after proof-of-concept stage by KJA, any executive implementation can get effectively coordinated by relevant departments of GOK.As part of “proof-of-concept”, KJA takes up technical assessments, studies, small demonstrations, proto-typing analysis, policy analysis, social impact assessment etc – which result in relevant recommendations to GOK. KJA has submitted 16 recommendations to government of Karnataka since its reconstitution to this date. Some of these recommendations include Karnataka GIS; establishment of Cauvery Gallery; establishment of Biodiversity Park at Madiwala Lake System; development of an indigenous Nursing Training Simulator; recommendations on Education Technology usage and Edusat Utilisation in HE institutions; Karnataka Sports Policy; pilot project for medicinal plants pharmacopeia and traditional health knowledge; Karnataka Skill Development Plan; Karnataka State Education Policy; Karnataka Public Health Policy and many others. Currently KJA is formalizing recommendations on Big Data in Governance, Cyber Security and State Water Policy.
About the Project The Malnad Progressive Education Society (MPES), Honnavar approached KJA in October 2014 for seeking funds to establish a Graduate Research Laboratory so that students can take up graduate research. Based on discussion and approval of Chairman, KJA, it was then suggested to MPES that a proposal may be submitted for a knowledge activity or unique education proposition-which can be considered by KJA.
Preparing Students for Research Training: A Pilot Study on Environmental Pollutants in the Konkan Belt
MPES appreciated the points made and accordingly submitted a proposal in December 2014, titled ‘Preparing Students for Research: A Pilot Study on Environmental Pollutant in the Konkan Belt.’ The underlying objective of the proposal was to provide research experience to graduate and undergraduate students by exposing them to first-hand experience in the research area. The project duration proposed was for 3 years at a cost of INR 49, 72,400. The proposal was reviewed in the 2nd KJA-Technical Committee (KJA-TC) meeting held on January 6, 2015. The proposal was viewed as having merit as it is essential for undergraduate students to be exposed to methods of undertaking projects. The KJA-TC Members endorsed the idea and requested MPES to refine the proposal with help from Dr. Gayatri Saberwal and/or Prof. M.R.S. Rao and Department of Higher Education. The proposal was discussed in the 3rd KJA meeting held on January 31, 2015. Considering the recommendation of the KJA-TC, KJA Members endorsed stating that the idea of graduate students undertaking project work is extremely useful and opined that the re-submitted proposal could be discussed in the next KJA meeting.
MPES submitted a revised proposal incorporating the suggestions of the 2nd KJA-TC and 3rd KJA meetings, including change in the title of the proposal-Preparing Students for Research Training: Pilot Study on Environment Pollutants in the Konkan Belt’. KJA Secretariat obtained technical feedback from Prof. Padmanabhan, Dr. Gayatri Saberwal and Prof. M.R.S. Rao, all Members of KJA. Dr. Gayatri Saberwal noted that this kind of research has not been done in this part of Karnataka, so at least some preliminary data will be collected, and that should be useful for future research, aside from the training that the students would be acquiring in the process. With regard to budget, Dr. Gayatri Saberwal noted that the project budget is relatively large compared with other proposals (received by KJA). The reason could be expensive lab work and number of students who would be involved in the project is very high. She also suggested that the institutional charges and contingencies could be cut down.
Taking all the inputs, MPES submitted a revised proposal to KJA. The revised proposal was placed in the 3rd KJA-TC meeting held on June 18, 2015 for discussion. Prof. M.R.S. Rao noted that most of the comments made by the review team have been incorporated and the review is highly supportive of the project as it proposes to imbibe research training among graduate students. However, TC expressed its concerns over total funding still being quite high and about source of funding the project for 2nd and 3rd year. TC suggested MPES to re-look at the duration of the project, which has to be for a minimum of 2 or 3 years as it can’t be measured for a reduced period of 1 year or so. TC Members endorsed the proposal but suggested MPES to review the proposal without compromising on the primary objective (of training undergrad students in research) and to consider limiting the budget to around INR 25 lakhs as this would be possible and appropriate for a pilot study. TC Members noted that if MPES sends revised proposal incorporating the suggestions, then it could be taken up with KJA for consideration.
Considering all the recommendations, MPES submitted a revised proposal requesting KJA to fund INR 25 lakhs for 2 years. This revised proposal was presented in the 4th KJA meeting held on July 4, 2015. KJA Members agreed that the project is worth attempting but MPES’s ability to undertake the project needs to be assessed. KJA suggested that a small team of KJA visit MPES to see their facilities/institutions, interact with staff and management and students etc and also see how MPES could take up this project
Preparing Students for Research Training: A Pilot Study on Environmental Pollutants in the Konkan Belt
implementation. Based upon the visit and review with MPES on revised proposal, a final decision can be taken by Chairman, KJA.
In pursuance of the decision of the 4th KJA meeting, Prof. Gayatri Saberwal and Prof. M.R.S. Rao were requested to visit MPES to assess the institution’s capabilities and preparedness to undertake the project. Dr. Gayatri Saberwal proposed the name of Dr. Kshitish Acharya. K., Faculty Scientists at Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bengaluru to visit on her behalf. Prof. M.R.S. Rao, Member, KJA kindly agreed to lead the Expert Team. The team comprised of Prof. M.R.S. Rao, Dr. Kshitish and Mr. Deepak visited the MPES’s Under Graduate Research Centre at S.D.M. College, Honnavar on August 26, 2015 to have first hand information on facilities in the institution, interact with staff, management and students etc., and also see how MPES could take up this project implementation.
The Expert Team lead by Prof. M.R.S. Rao explored all aspects of the institution with respect to the infrastructure available at the campus, faculty strength and their professional caliber and the kind of students pursuing their undergraduate studies. At the end Prof.M.R.S. Rao mentioned that KJA would provide funds as an incubation fund and Management of MPES has to work out its funding and sustaining mechanism to continue this unique initiative and be a role model to the state.
The Expert Team recommended certain measures to ensure meaningful outcome as well as the safety of students and suggested MPES to submit a revised proposal with details on project implementation, its outcome and MPES’s experience to KJA at the end of 2 years.
The Expert Team submitted the evaluation/assessment report to KJA. The report concludes that MPES has the ability and the facilities/institutional mechanism to implement the said project. Thus, Expert Team recommends that KJA may award the project to MPES as proposed (INR25.00 Lakhs in 2 years) . Incorporating the suggestions made by Expert Team, MPES submitted revised proposal with a compliance letter to KJA.
After obtaining the approval from KJA Technical Committee and KJA Management Committee and endorsement by KJA Members, KJA sanctioned financial assistance to Malnad Progressive Education Society’s SDM College, Honnavar to undertake the said research training project vide Sanction Order No. KJA/Fin:05/2015, dated 30th January 2016 for 2 years duration at a cost of INR 25,00,000/-.
The project was formally inaugurated by Member Secretary, KJA in Feb 2016. Subsequently, KJA constituted a Monitoring and Guidance Committee (July 11, 2016) under the Co-Chairmanship of Prof. M.R.S. Rao and Dr. Gayatri Saberwal to guide the MPES project team in implementing the project. MGC visited SDM College and held 3 meetings to review the project.
Preparing Students for Research Training: A Pilot Study on Environmental Pollutants in the Konkan Belt
Project Objectives The Primary objective of the project is to provide research experience to Undergraduate and Post Graduate students (B.Sc. and M.Sc.) of science stream through undertaking a pilot study on environmental pollutants in the Konkan belt. The aim is to train students in scientific research techniques by involving them in collection of samples; in analysing, identifying and compiling the data base on various manmade and natural pollutants in the Konkan belt area; and in studying of toxic effect of identified pollutant samples at cellular level.
The proposed outcomes and deliverables of this project is to develop human resource-students will acquire modern analytical and biological research skills; create data base on baseline pollutants of water and soil in the Konkan belt; data base on manmade pollutants in the area and toxicity studies on mice; and data base on biological effects, diseases and other changes to microbial systems, insects and animals by pollution.
In all, a total number of 242 UG/PG students participated in the research training project between 2016 to 2018. About 18 orientation programmes/workshops were held by experts to orient students towards scientific research methodology. 56 sample sites were identified in the Konkan Belt area and 112 visits were made to these sample sites by students, with faculty supervision, to collect samples. Students have put in 7744 man-hours and faculty about 2500 man-hours for this project.
The MPES report broadly captures how the project was implemented and how it has impacted the institutions’ growth, students’ academic performance and academic enrichment of faculty members. MPES has attributed ‘A’ Accreditation by NAAC to KJA-MPES Project.
KJA Recommendation KJA considered the project report in its 8th meeting, held on May 8, 2019. After having implemented the project for 2 years, MPES has recommended that all the undergraduate students in Karnataka, especially those students who have no access to scientific lab and learning must be exposed to such research projects to gain knowledge from experiential learning. MPES has recommended establishing research hub under the name ‘Science Town’ which may act as platform for students, researchers and scientists of Konkan belt region to participate and discuss on the burning issues of the region. Based on its own experience of running the project, MPES suggested to introduce a compulsory credit course on Research Paper in every undergraduate course.
KJA appreciated MPES for having successfully completed the project and bringing out very good analysis of its impact. It is clear that research project work in under-graduate level certainly helps the students and enables them better to deal with projects, data, profession and overall capability at analysis. It was also mentioned that in modern world, ability to comprehend data and analysis is critical in every profession and it is important to prepare our students in this regard. While MPES project was a pilot in science stream, it was suggested to expand such research project curriculum to
Preparing Students for Research Training: A Pilot Study on Environmental Pollutants in the Konkan Belt
Humanities, Social Sciences and Commerce streams also. KJA also observed that it would be best to build into UG curriculum, a semester of research project - thereby it would get institutionalized. Facilities in colleges/institutions for undertaking such projects would be called for and GOK must support them with funds.
KJA also noted that the training project is a very good example of how students can be motivated at UG level to pursue projects and help them to take up basic science education. Research in the Universities has become virtually zero and qualitative research is not happening. Hence, bringing projects into UG curriculum would help invigorate the concept of projects/research/questioning/learning to students and inspire them. KJA suggested introducing a scheme to take up "Research Project" in UG curriculum with funding for institutions.
KJA Members recommended that Higher Education Department, GOK to institutionalise research project in UG curriculum in science, humanities and social sciences and commerce streams. KJA recommended that the GOK must fund the institutions to establish basic facilities to undertake research project work and support the institutions for research training activity in a comprehensive manner.
Preparing Students for Research Training: A Pilot Study on Environmental Pollutants in the Konkan Belt
KJA-MPES PROJECT ‘Preparing Students for Research Training: A Pilot Study on Environmental Pollutants in the Konkan Belt’
Preparing Students for Research Training: A Pilot Study on Environmental Pollutants in the Konkan Belt
CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION
Honavar: Honavar is one of the coastal talukas of Uttar Kannada District in Karnataka state. Honavar is situated between Arabian Sea with rich source of fish and marine sources on the west side and Western Ghats with valuable source of medicinal plants on the east side. Hence has very attractive and conducive environment for scientific research activities.
MPE Society's SDM College,Honavar:
Malnad Progressive Education Society (MPES) in association with a team of dedicated visionaries founded Shri DharmastalaManjunatheshwara College of Arts, Science, Commerce and Business Administration, Honavar (SDM Degree College, Honavar) in 1964.
Project Background:
Scientific Research means “creative work undertaken on a systematic basis in order to gather information and facts for the advancement of society”. Research is an instrument in gaining experience and knowledge. The basic research sometimes involves acquiring knowledge on phenomenon without any particular application. On the other hand applied research involves inventing new products or adding new features to the old products.
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Preparing Students for Research Training: A Pilot Study on Environmental Pollutants in the Konkan Belt
The undergraduate research is a new phenomenon in India and brings in tremendous opportunities to young minds. Hence MPES proposed to carry out the project Titled “Preparing Students for Research Training: A Pilot Study on Environmental Pollutants in the Konkan Belt”.
This research work bridges the gap between theory and practical in the study curriculum. The research experience will boost students’ knowledge and interest in the subjects. Encourage students to think; explore and innovate; new ideas at an early stage of their life. Research work gives first-hand experience in the scientific career and creates interest in science and technology field.
Advantages in doing research involving students:
The undergraduate’s Research Program helps in three ways. It helps student community, it encourages teachers and it benefits human society in a big way.
The research work helps students to gauge their hidden talent, scientific temper, aptitude in the subject at an early age. The research program encourages teachers to involve more in research activities and supply them required human resource. The program develops close relationship between teachers and student community. The research program benefits human society with new inventions and product developments.
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Preparing Students for Research Training: A Pilot Study on Environmental Pollutants in the Konkan Belt
CHAPTER-2 MPES RESEARCH PROPOSAL TO KJA
The Malnad Progressive Education Institution, headed by Dr. M. P. Karki, a visionary leader, is committed to develop scientific temper and enhance critical reasoning skills so that student community can stand out in the competitive world. Perhaps undergraduate research activities are safe and shorten way to gauge scientific temper of students. In the present era when a professional development is the order of the day and is the key to meeting today’s educational demands. Professional development can be achieved by effectively engaging in research works that deepens the knowledge and pedagogical skills of the stake holders in the education system. Research program helps to sustain institution for the survival and is a huge part of the development. Hence Malnad institute wants to be a leader and serve as a model in providing research opportunities at the undergraduate level.
In pursuance of the above, MPES submitted a research proposal titled ‘Preparing Students for Research Training: A Pilot Study on Environmental Pollutants in the Konkan Belt’ to train students in scientific research through a pilot study on environmental pollutants in Konkan belt. Summary of the Research Proposal submitted is given here:
One of the greatest problems that the world is facing today is that of environmental pollution, increasing with every passing year and causing grave and irreparable damage to our earth. Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that causes adverse change. The release of chemicals and particulates into the atmosphere cause air and water pollution. Soil contamination occurs when chemicals are released by spill or underground leakage. Among the most significant soil contaminants are hydrocarbons, heavy metals, MTBE, herbicides, pesticides and chlorinated hydrocarbons. Water pollution, is caused by the discharge of wastewater from commercial and industrial waste into surface waters. In the world about 400 million metric tons of hazardous wastes are generated each year.
Pollutions can kill many organisms including microbes, insects, plants, animals and even humans. Water pollution causes approximately 14,000 deaths per day in the world and 580 Indians die of water-related pollution every day. Air pollution can cause respiratory disease, cardiovascular disease, throat inflammation, chest pain, and cancer. In 2007 it was estimated that in India, air pollution is believed to cause 527,700 fatalities. Lead, Mercury and other heavy metals have been shown to cause neurological problems and developmental deficits. Chemical and radioactive substances can cause cancer and as well as birth defects. Hence it is of outmost importance to identify, monitor and control the pollutions at the first place.
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Preparing Students for Research Training: A Pilot Study on Environmental Pollutants in the Konkan Belt
Our effort in this project is to identify the pollutants in the Konkan belt area by collecting water and soil samples and physicochemical analysis.
Proposed Objectives:
1) To provide research experience to Post graduate and undergraduate students: In addition to project staff we would like to involve B. Sc. and M.Sc. students to provide them first-hand experience in the research field and give them opportunities to learn recent techniques. 2) To collect and analyse Pollutants: Taking samples of air, water, soil, microbial, insects and animal in the Kokan belt area with particular focus on industrial establishments. We will analyse, identify and compile the data base on various manmade and natural pollutants in the area. The students will also participate in sample collection and analysis. 3) To study the toxicity: The toxic effect of identified pollutant samples will be studied at cellular level and whole animal level. Also, effects on microbes such as bacteria, yeast and fungus will be conducted. 4) To Study environmental effects: We would like to determine the various changes to life on earth caused by different pollutants. Using modern biophysical and biochemistry techniques, Enzymes assay, morphological, physiological effects, diseases and changes to biological cycles caused by pollutants will be studied analysing filter feeder fish, insects, animal, plants and microbial species.
Proposed Project Schedule-Year-wise Work Plan:
First Year: Will start the project by surveying and identifying the sample collection sites in the experimental zones and control zones, in accordance with the extant of observable pollution. Will map one hundred sampling sites using GPS system and give code number to it to enable further analysis.
Will collect several air, water and soil samples according to the procedure given in methodology from affected and non- affected area. The samples will be analysed and the pollutants will be identified using techniques such as uv/visible spectroscopy, Atomic absorption spectroscopy, HPLC etc.
Identified samples toxic effects on biological system will be studied. First, toxic effect of these pollutant samples on microbes such as bacteria, yeast and fungus in the laboratory by zone of inhibition assay will be tested. Toxicity at different doses will be studied keeping in mind the concentration of the pollutants in the affected areas. The toxic effect studies will be carried out
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Preparing Students for Research Training: A Pilot Study on Environmental Pollutants in the Konkan Belt
at the cellular level also using animal cells. Further, in vivo toxicology studies on animal species particularly using mice will be conducted.
Abovementioned studies will be carried out during the first year of research project. Then, literature search on each of the identified pollutants will be done and compile a database to identify the possible adverse effects or diseases caused by these pollutants. This database will give us an idea about what kind of biological effects or diseases to look for in the affected areas.
Second Year: The pollutants sample will be collected, monitored and analysed periodically throughout the project period. In addition to that, following studies will be conducted during second year of the project: Enzymes Assay: The recent scientific finding suggests changes in several key enzymes level in the biological tissues in response to pollutants. The biological samples collected from experimental zone will be assayed for following enzymes level to determine the extent of pollution-Metallothionein Assay; Lysosomal fragility Assay; Cytochrome P-450 assay; Hepatic monooxygenase induction assay; acetylcholinesterase inhibition assay.
Coal ash contaminants produced by thermal power plants are also linked to respiratory diseases and other health and developmental problems, and have disrupted local aquatic life. The coal ash produced by coal-fired power plants contaminates ground water with toxic elements. The contaminants include the poisons arsenic and lead. Arsenic has been shown to cause skin cancer, bladder cancer and lung cancer, and lead damages the nervous system. Plan to study these contaminants effect at tissue and cellular level in animal species.
The largest source of mercury contamination is coal-fuelled power plant emissions. The filter feeder fish in streams and rivers will be tested for mercury contamination.
Coal is a sedimentary rock and coal also contains low levels of uranium, thorium, and other naturally occurring radioactive isotopes whose release into the environment leads to radioactive contamination. While these substances are present as very small trace impurities, enough coal is burned that significant amounts of these substances are released and may cause cancer or inhibit and alter growth. The study will look for the signs of carcinogenicity and study the radiation effect on growth and life cycle.
The flue gas from combustion of the fossil fuels is discharged to the air. This gas contains carbon dioxide, water vapour, as well as substances such as nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulphur oxides (SOx), mercury, traces of other metals, and, for coal-fired plants, fly ash. The combustion of coal contributes the most to acid rain and air pollution, and has been connected with global warming. These gases may be only mildly acidic themselves, yet when they react with the
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atmosphere, they create acidic compounds such as sulphurous acid, nitric acid and sulphuric acid which fall as rain. This will acidify soil and water hence affects animal and plant life. The project aims to identify the acid rain causing substances in the air samples in affected area and look into its impact on animals and plants.
Water is a common-coolants used in various industries and is released into the water bodies. Which will Increase temperature of water and bring about changes in salinity and hence affects aquatic life. We will examine and identify the problems caused to aquatic species in these particular water bodies.
The periodic release of low level radiation or accidental release of high level radiation by nuclear power plants may cause dramatic health effects. The study will be conducte d to examine these changes in animal species in the area. The morphological, physiological effects and the diseases caused by the pollutants will be studied.
Benzopyrene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon found in coal tar. Its metabolites are mutagenic and highly carcinogenic. When the body attempts to metabolise benzopyrene, the resulting diol epoxide reacts and binds to DNA, resulting in mutations and eventually cancer. After identifying and analysing the benzopyrene level, we will study its toxicity and carcinogenicity by taking affected tissues and cell samples of fish, insect and animal species.
The data base delivered by this project on baseline pollutants of air, water and soil in the Konkan belt will be helpful tool. Environmental impact studies on pollutants, particularly focusing on biological effects will be of great importance to Pollution controlling agencies, scientific community and Forest preservation.
Proposed Outcomes and Deliverables:
1) Human resource development; Students will acquire modern analytical and biological research skills 2) Database will be delivered by this project on baseline pollutants of water and soil in the Konkan belt 3) Database on manmade pollutants in the area and toxicity studies on mice will be developed 4) Database on biological effects, diseases and other changes to microbial systems, insects and animals by pollution will be prepared.
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Grant and Guidance from Karnataka Jnana Aayoga:
MPES sought INR 25,00,000/- from KJA to carry out the proposed research project. KJA Technical Committee reviewed the research proposal and endorsed for KJA approval. KJA, in its 4th meeting (held on July 4, 2015) considered the proposal and KJA Members agreed that the project is worth attempting but MPES’s ability to undertake the project be assessed. KJA also suggested that an expert team of KJA may visit MPES to see their facilities, interact with staff and management and students to see how MPES could take up this project implementation. Based on the KJA suggestion, a team of experts visited MPES, Honnavar (on August 26, 2015. The Expert Team, in its Evaluation Report made a few suggestions on the objective, safety and data base.
KJA Member Secretary sent the MPES proposal to ACS, Higher Education Department (HED) and Vice-Chairman, KSHEC to solicit consent and a briefing meeting with ACS, HED was held in this regard.
After obtaining the approval from KJA-Technical Committee, Chaired by Prof. Sadagopan; KJA Management Committee, Chaired by Dr. Gayatri Saberwaland; from KJA Members, KJA sanctioned INR 25,00,000/- to undertake the Research Project for two years (vide Sanction Order No. KJA/Fin: Sanctio-05/2015, dated 30th January 2016. KJA Office Order Appended).
Constitution of KJA-Monitoring and Guidance Committee: To guide the MPES team in implementing the project; to undertake periodical review and to ensure the deliverables by MPES, KJA constituted a Monitoring and Guidance Committee (MGC) under the Co-Chairmanship of Prof. M.R.S. Rao and Dr. Gayatri Saberwal (vide KJA/SANCTION/05/MPES-MGC/2015-16 dated July 11, 2016. KJA Office Order Appended). MGC met thrice to review the project status. MGC made the following recommendations at different times during its meetings: 1) Safety in laboratories need to be paid more attention during the training and routine teaching. This should also be an important aspect of training under the project; 2) MPES must involve KJA and other experts to conduct a mid-term review at the end of 1st year of the project; 3) Suggested to display the eminent scientist photo/images with their scientific achievements.
Considering the above suggestions of MGC, high priority was given to the safety of the students while conducting experiments and during field trips. A course was conducted on Workplace hazards and on precautions to prevent accidents in the Lab.Wearing of lab-coats and following safety procedures were made mandatory for students conducting experiments/tests in the
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Lab.The Research Associate and Research Assistants appointed in the project were given the responsibility of keeping the reagents safely in the proper storage place. The PI and Co-PI did regular inspection of the lab to maintain lab safety.
As per the MGC’s suggestions, to familiarise students with Scientists, students were made into eighteen groups and were named after eminent scientist. Students were encouraged to studied scientists’ life and their scientific achievements. Images of the Scientists, along with their scientific achievements were displayed at the college. An essay competition was also conducted on scientific achievements of Indian scientists.
Three MGC meetings were held at KJA Secretariat in Bengaluru (August 26, 2016; January 25, 2017; January 19, 2018).
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CHAPTER-3 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION
The KJA-MPES Project “Preparing Students for Research Training: A Pilot Study on Environmental Pollutants in the Konkan Belt” was inaugurated by Dr. Mukund K. Rao, Member Secretary, KJA on 19th Feb 2016. The research activities began with selection and orientation of students on research techniques/methodology.
Project Activities in the First Year-Training the Students:
At the start of the project “Introduction to Research” course was conducted for the benefit of students. The SDM college teachers, Scientist from Green Gold Global Research Institute, Kumta and subject experts conduct this course. Students were taught about basic scientific research techniques.
Twelve Orientation classes and workshops Milestones of MPES - KJA Project: were held to teach students about basics of KJA-MPES Research Training project scientific research.Students learnt different th sanctioned on 30 Jan 2016 research techniques through demonstrations th Inauguration of KJA project on 19 Feb and hands on experiments throughout the 2016 project period on a regular basis.Group Orientation classes March-May 2016 discussions and presentations were KJA Project fund released to MPES on conducted on a regular basis to enhance 6th June 2016 student’s scientific knowledge.Students were Field work at Kumta to collect soil and also taught about scientific paper/report water samples 28th June 2016 writing skills and ethics in science. Analysis of samples started on 29th June 2016 The “Research Day workshop” was Field work at Karwar to collect soil and conducted every year and students got an water samples 06th July 2016 opportunity to present and discuss their research work in front of group of scientists. Honavar and Gerusoppa Field work on 31st July 2016 In total two hundred andthirty-five students, who were a part of the research project, participated in training program from all three years of B.Sc. course. Students were teamed in eighteen groups and were named after eminent Scientists name. Students groups made nine field trips in three districts to collect soil and water samples. All the students were involved in analysing soil and water samples and were
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trained to use different scientific instruments. The basic Microbiology techniques were taught in Green Gold Global Research Institute, Kumta.
Besides student training, sample collection sites were identified in the experimental zones and control zones, in accordance with the extant of observable pollution. We mapped one hundred sampling sites using GPS system and gave code number to it to enable further analysis. We collected several air, water and soil samples according to the procedure given in methodology from affected and non- affected area.
The samples were analysed and the pollutants were identified using techniques such as uv/ visible spectroscopy, Atomic absorption spectroscopy, HPLC etc.
Also studied, identified samples, toxic effects on biological system. Toxicity at different doses was studied keeping in mind the concentration of the pollutants in the affected areas. The toxic effect studies were carried out particularly using mice.
Project Activities in the Second Year:
The pollutants sample was collected, monitored and analysed periodically throughout the project period. In addition to that following activities were conducted during second year of the project.
1) Quiz competition program: To increase competitiveness and research interest among students, quiz competitions on scientific research topics were conducted. The selection of candidates for quiz competition was carried out by written examination on research topics and instrumentation.Depending upon their performance in the written examination different groups were formed and quiz competition among those groups were conducted. 2) Toxicity studies: The mice experiments were carried out to give first hand animal handling experiences to science students. This will encourage them in their future science career to take up biological application of their research, which is a bottle neck for many scientists today.Ten mice in each group, including control group, was used for the experiments. The polluted water samples collected was fed and effects on their different organs such as spleen, heart, lungs and kidney were studied. 3) Field work: Field work was arranged to selected spots to collect water and soil samples again. The analysis was carried out to verify and confirm the first year data;andto analyse the yearly difference in pollution level. 4) Essay writing competition: To motivate students to scientific learning essay competition was conducted.
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5) Training program on scientific instruments and hands on experience was also conducted on regular basis.
Important Steps Taken to Implement Project: Some of the important steps taken by MPES for implementing the research project are: 1) Setting up of research lab with best available apparatus was considered as priority. Maximum amount of grant was dedicated to setting up laboratory and buying modern scientific instruments 2) Motivating students to participate in the scientific research training program by conducting orientation programs 3) Conducting field work to collect samples for scientific analysis. Large number of students were taken to field visits and were exposed to sample collection techniques 4) Seminars and scientific workshops were organised to impart research skills among students. Faculty members too benefitted from these knowledge activities 5) Givingstudents first-hand experience of using scientific instruments and conducting scientific experiments 6) Encouraged and ensured active participation of students, teachers and management 7) Conducting toxicity studies on mice to orient students in animal handling 8) Encouraging students by quiz and essay competitions.
Inauguration of KJA project on 19th Feb 2016
Inauguration of KJA Project by Dr. Mukund Rao, Member secretary KJA
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Activities Undertaken from January 2016 to December 2017: Fifty-one students participated in KJA-MPES Project. Students were teamed in different groups and work was allotted to each group in batch-wise as below:
10 students in each group 1] Group Name: Albert Einstein Group 2] Group Name: C. V. Raman Group 3] Group Name: Dr. C.N. R Rao Group 4] Group Name: Dr. A. P. J. Kalam Group 5] Group Name: Isha Group
Research Topic Delivered:
1] Research Methodologies 2] Research Hypothesis 3] Problem solving skills 4] Safety issues in Lab 5] Ethics in Sciences 6] Research paper writing
Activities: • Orientation program for Fresh B.Sc. –I batch 1st Oct 2016 • Field Trip toBhatkalon 2nd Nov 2016 • Field Trip to Udupi on 6th December – 2016 • HPLC Installed and demonstration was carried out by company experts (when). • HPLC analysis of water sample was being carried out by students(timeline).
Orientation for B.Sc.-I Batch • Conducted on 1st October 2016: • 80 students of B.Sc. –I class participated in the orientation program.
List of Experts participated in the orientation program: 1) Prof. S.S. Hegde, Principal, S.D.M. College, Honavar 2) Prof. P. M. Honavar, HOD, Dept. of Chemistry 3) Dr. Shrikant Hegde, Coordinator UGRC, S.D.M College, Honavar 4) Prof. Manjunath Hegde, Department of Chemistry 5) Prof. Shridhar Hebbar, Department of Chemistry
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6) Mr. Ganapati Bhat, Research associate, UGRC
Subjects Discussed: 1] Research Hypothesis 2] Research Methodologies 3] Problem solving skills 4] Safety issues in Lab 5] Ethics in science 6] Research paper writing and presentation. 7] Motivational stories to encourage students to do research.
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KJA members Visit to UGRC
Interaction with Project Students
Motivational Speech by Dr. Mukund Rao, Member Secretary, KJA.
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Presidential speech by Dr. M.P.karki
List of Students who participated in KJA Project
Group Name: Albert Einstein Sl. No Batch - I Roll Number 1. Vigneshwara Bhat (GL) 62 2. Nagma Shaikh (GL) 31 3. Ramya Devadiga 43 4. Sampadalaxmi Hegde 47 5. ShipaDevadiga 50 6. Shweta Shetty 52 7. Supritha Raju 57 8. Sandhya Naik 48 9. Andriya N 01 10. Bhuvaneshwari Naik 05 11. Chandrashehkar R. M 07
Group Name: C. V. Raman Sl. No Batch - II Roll Number 1. Shreepradha Hegde(GL) 51
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2. Kaviraj Naik(GL) 23 3. Shivamurthy M. H. 25 4. Jyothi N Shetty 22 5. Sneha Gowda 26 6. Megha G. Gowda 29 7. Nagalakshmi M. Bhat 30 8. Nayana K Gowda 36 9. Poornima P. Devadiga 39 10. Priyanka S. D’souza 42
Group Name: Dr. C.N. R Rao Sl. No Batch - III Roll Number 1. Deepa Hegde (GL) 10 2. Deepak Naik (GL) 11 3. Arpita M. F 02 4. Ashwaguru B. 03 5. Chandrakala Naik 08 6. Manasa M. Gowda 28 7. Harshita Shet 16 8. Hema K. M. 17 9. Hema Naik 18 10. Jyoti U. Naik 21 Group Name: Dr. A. P. J. Kalam Sl. No Batch - IV Roll Number 1. Deepika Bhat (GL) 12 2. Jayakishan (GL) 20 3. Devaki Naik 13 4. Harshita Moger 15 5. Madhura Naik 27 6. Namrata Mahale 33 7. Pramod R. Naik 40 8. PritikaFernandis 41 9. Sachin naik 45 10. Soniya Rodrigues 53
Group Name: Isha Sl. No Batch - V Roll Number 1. Hanumant Naik (GL) 14 2. Bhavana D. H. (GL) 04 3. Subramanya Madivala 54
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4. Sumana Naik 56 5. Swati Devadiga 58 6. Vidya Naik 60 7. Priyanka Naik 70 8. Jagadish Naik 69 9. Bilson D’souza 06 10. Shipla Rodrigues 49
Report on Field Visit to Kumta: Date of visit: 28/06/2016
Name of Staff members visited: Dr. S.P.Hegde, Prof. P.M.Honnavar, Prof.Manjunath Hegde, Prof. Shridhar Hebbar, and Ganapati Bhat.
Name of student visited: 1 Bhuvaneshwari Naik 2 Vigneshwara Bhat 3 Shwetha Shetty 4 Sampadalaxmi 5 Deepa Hegde 6 Deepika Bhat 7 Andria 8 Shilpa Devadiga 9 Swati Devadiga 10 Ramya Devadiga
Activities in field trip: Water and soil sample collected from different areas of Kumta. Basic parameters are tested in spot- pH
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Muroorgudda soil and water sample collection
Aluminum Industry Kumta soil and water sample collection
Kumta industrial area sample collection
Chemical analysis at UGRC
Report on Field Visit to Karwar Date of visit: 06/07/2016
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Name of staff members visited: Prof. P.M.Honnavar, Prof.Manjunath Hegde, Prof. Shridhar Hebbar, and Ganapati Bhat.
Name of students visited: 1. Shreepradha Hegde 2. Harshita N.S 3. Manasa Gowda 4. Bhavana 5. Andria 6. Namrata Mahale 7. Nagalaxmi Bhat 8. Supritha Raju 9. Hanumant Naik 10. Jayakishan 11. Deepika Bhat 12. Chandrashekara 13. Priyanka Naik 14. Swathi Devadiga 15. Sneha Gouda
Activities in field trip: Water and soil sample collected from different areas of Karwar and Ankola. Some photographs of collections of water and soil samples.
Soil sample collection in Karwar and Belekeri, Ankola
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Water sample collection in Sadashivagada Karwar Baleguli River, Ankola
Soil Sample collection in Baleguli River, Ankola Students in Kali River, Karwar
Water sample from Karwar Soil sample from Kali River
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Soil and water from Chittakula, Karwar
Students doing analysis of water and soil samples in UGRC lab after the collection of samples
Report on Field Visit to Honavar Taluk (Gerusoppa To Kasarkod) Date of visit: 28/06/2016 Name of Staff members visited: Dr. S.P.Hegde, Prof. P.M. Honnavar, Prof. Manjunath Hegde, Prof. Shridhar Hebbar, and Ganapati Bhat.
Name of student visited: 1 Harshita Moger 2 Sumana Naik 3 Madura Naik 4 Pritika Fernandes 5 Soniya Rodrigues
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6 Devaki Naik 7 Ashwaguru 8 Jyothi Naik 9 Hema Naik 10 Hema Moger 11 Chandrakala Naik 12 Arpita Fernandes 13 Poornima Devadiga 14 Jyothi Nagesh 15 Manasa Gowda 16 Megha Gowda 17 Vidhya Naik
Water sample from Honavar Bandar Soil from HadinabalHonavar
Soil from Bangarakusuma, Gerusoppa Visiting Gerusoppa Power plant
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Soil sample collection at Honavar Apsarkonda
Parameter Tested of Soil and Water Samples:
1) Physico- Chemical Parameters 2) Biological Activities
1) Physico Chemical Parameters Parameters for Water analysis
Sl .No. Parameter Methods and Apparatus
1 pH pH meter,
2 Conductivity Conductometer
3 Turbidity Turbidometer
4 Sulphate Turbidometer/Spectrophotometer
5 Chloride Titrimetric method
6 Hardness Titrimetric method
7 Calcium as CaCO3 Titrimetric method
8 Alkalinity Titrimetric method
9 TDS Water bath, evaporating dish,
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10 Residual chlorine Titrimetric method
11 Sodium/potassium Flame photometry
12 TSS Gravimetric method
13 DO Titrimetric method, BOD bottles.
Parameters for Soil Analysis
Sl. No. Parameter Methods and Apparatus
1. pH pH meter
2. Moisture Wt loss method, Hot air Oven
3. Total Nitrogen Alkaline KMnO4 method
4. Phosphate Olsen’s method.
5. Sulphur Spectrophotometric method
6. Organic carbon Titration method
7. Potassium Flame Photometric method
Coding and decoding of the Kumta, Karwar, Ankolaarea:
Area Coding For Water Area Coding For Soil Kumtamuroorgudda MG Kumtamuroorgudda MG Kumta aluminium Kumta aluminium industry AD industry AD Manaki Mnk Manaki Mnk Headbandar Hbr Headbandar Hbr Industrial area Kum IA Industrial area Kum IA APMC APMC APMC APMC Karwar Karwar DevabaghChittakula KRDBCH DevabaghChittakula KRDBCH Karwar Devabagh Beach KRDBB Karwar Devabagh Beach KRDBB
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Karwar Hanakona KRH Karwar Hanakona KRH Karwar Sadashivgada Karwar Sadashivgada Beach KRSGB Beach KRSGB Karwar City Sewage KRCS Karwar City Sewage KRCS Karwar Munciple water KRMP Karwar Munciple water KRMP Karwar Binagaefluent Karwar Binagaefluent water KRBE water KRBE Karwar Harwada Land KRHL Karwar Harwada Land KRHL AnkolaBelekeri KRB W1 AnkolaBelekeri KRB W1 AnkolaBaleguli river ABR AnkolaBaleguli river ABR AnkolaGangavali river AGRB AnkolaGangavali river AGRB KumtaMirjan KuM KumtaMirjan KuM
Coding and decoding of the Honavar area: Coding For Area Area Coding For Soil Water Bangarmakki River BAR W1 Bangarmakki River BAR S1 Bangarmakki River BAR W2 Bangarmakki River BAR D1 HNR Bandr Honnavarbandar W12 Bangarmakki River BAR S Honnavarapsarkonda River HNR APR W1 Bangarmakki River BAR D2 Gerusoppa weighing bridge GWB W1 Honnavarbandar HNR Bandr S1 Bhaskeri bridge BB W1 Honnavarbandar HNR Bandr D1 Gerusoppabangarakusuma GBK W1 Honnavarapsarkonda River HNR APR S1 Gerusoppabangarakusuma GBK W2 Honnavarapsarkonda River HNR APR D1 KasarkodApsarakonda KAK W1 Gerusoppa weighing bridge GWB S1 Gerusoppa Dam GRDM W1 Gerusoppa weighing bridge GWB D1 HonavarKasargod Tonka HNRKT W1 Bhaskeri bridge BB S1 Bhaskeri bridge BB D1 Gerusoppabangarakusuma GBK S1 Gerusoppabangarakusuma GBK D1 Gerusoppabangarakusuma GBK S 2 Gerusoppabangarakusuma GBK S3 Gerusoppabangarakusuma GBK D3 KasarkodApsarakonda KAK S1 KasarkodApsarakonda KAK D1
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Kumta, Karwar, Ankola and Honavar Area: Water Analysis Result Sheet:
Calcium TDS Hardness as Chloride Alakalinity Na in Potassium DO in Sulphate Area Location pH Conductivity ppm ppm CaCO3 in ppm in Mg/Lt ppm in ppm ppm in ppm in ppm
S1 6.7 746.2687 500 152 80 84 25 62.74 79.52 92.8 2.5 S2 6.9 716.4179 480 124.8 75 71.46 420 53.86 75.54 63.2 3 S3 7.1 80.59701 54 8 4 11.99 30 5.38 1.47 73.6 5.5 S4 6.9 134.3284 90 24 10 13.99 80 12.9 16.26 76 6.15 MuroorGudda S5 7.1 128.3582 86 17.6 6 18 60 11.01 11.18 68.8 2.5 S1 6.1 208.9552 140 40 22 15.99 20 17.64 26.64 32 3 S2 6.4 238.806 160 80 42 27.99 50 27 3.98 68 0.2 S3 5.9 208.9552 140 40 26 33.98 23 31.97 0.79 58.4 0 Aluminium S4 6.6 205.9701 138 60 32 39.98 50 29.96 0.44 64 0 industry Divgi S5 5.8 223.8806 150 60 36 19.99 50 23.85 1.27 51.2 0
Manaki S1 Manaki S1 7 282.0896 189 120 85 10 100 37.99 2.47 74.4 0.2
Manaki S2 Manaki S2 6.8 373.1343 250 160 100 10 20 32.79 5.17 90.4 2
Hedabandra Hedabandra 7.2 17910.45 12000 1148.8 780 4000 150 5355 243 65.6 65 Industrial Industrial area area 6.5 1194.03 800 96 50 25 50 84.07 103 88 2 APMC APMC 6.7 140.2985 94 20.8 4 6 140 8.53 45.7 66.4 0.18 KRSGB KRSGB 7 20671.64 13850 400 202 5000 120 2600 1200 48.8 100
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KRDBCH KRDBCH 7.6 2388.06 1600 688 320 197.93 200 107.3 5 54.4 197.33 ABR ABR 7.8 417.9104 280 200 220 13.9 70 13.95 2 72 2.5 KRMP KRMP 7.4 1164.179 780 608 420 39.98 170 28.67 2 48 4.5 AGRB AGRB 7.4 597.0149 400 320 200 27.99 60 26.62 0.5 43.2 11 KRBE KRBE 6.8 3582.09 2400 1440 1300 531.83 70 95.51 2 0 5 KRB KRB 8 417.9104 280 200 120 19.99 90 8.47 1 56.8 4 KuM KuM 6.8 298.5075 200 120 100 9.99 40 13.48 3.5 44 7.5 KRHL KRHL 7 238.806 160 112 80 11.9 50 14.58 7.5 47.2 3 KRH KRH 7.4 776.1194 520 200 120 73.97 50 55.67 109 0 4.5 KRCS KRCS 6.9 895.5224 600 416 130 57.98 180 38.56 20 40 7
KRDBCH KRDBCH 7.8 1119.403 750 400 210 197.9 70 7.13 5 58.4 8.5 GRDM GRDM 7.1 238.806 160 96 50 39.98 34 0.9 3 32 5 HNRKT HNRKT 7.3 2.99E+09 ##### 5792 3500 80 2E+05 20000 32 75.3
HNR APR HNR APR 7.4 776.1194 520 288 210 69.96 46 78.83 2 37.6 10.5 GBK GBK 7.8 343.2836 230 144 100 11.99 72 35 4 36.8 5.9 GBR GBR 7.3 268.6567 180 112 80 15.99 70 20 10 42.4 4 BAR BAR 7.2 388.0597 260 128 25.6 13.999 70 25 30 32.8 3.5 BB BB 7.1 300 201 96 38.4 13.99 30 34 32 36 3.5 KAK KAK 6.2 238.806 160 48 24 11.99 10 70.04 0.5 32 3.5 GWB GWB 7.3 447.7612 300 192 103 11.99 80 60 20 32 3.5 HNR B HNR B 7.2 119403 80000 6800 4000 154 51000 15000 68 75.1 BAR BAR 7.3 462.6866 310 200 130 9.99 90 46 24 36 3.5
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pH analysis:
Note: We concluded thatpH of water sample near by Aluminium Industry is low campared with the Other areas Samples.
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Analysis of conductivity:
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TDS analysis: 1) Water samples collected from near to sea and river areas shows maximum total dissolved solids. 2) Effluent water sample from Karwar Industrial area shows maximum TDS. 3) Water samples collected from near to sea and river areas shows maximum total dissolved solids Effluent water sample from Karwar Industrial area shows maximum TDS
600 500 Honavar taluka 400
300
TDS 200
100
0 GRDM HNR GBK GBR BAR BB KAK GWB BAR APR
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Analysis of Hardness: Some of the samples like Hedbandra, HNRKT, HNRB (Honavar), and KRBE (Karwar), Water shows crossing the limit of Hardness because of those samples collected from near sea and river.
1600 Kaewar Ankola 1400
1200
1000
800
600
400 Hardness 200
0 ABR KRMP AGRB KRBE KRB KuM KRHL KRH KRCS KRDBCH
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Analysis of Calcium:
Some of the areas likeKRBE (Karwar) and HNRKT, HNRB (Honavar) water samples shows 1300ppm and 3500 and 4000ppm respectively. They are above the limit
Analysis of Chloride: Some of the areas likesKRSGB (Karwar) and Hedbandra (Honavar) water samples shows 5000ppm and 4000ppm respectively. They are above the limit because of sea water.
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Analysis of Alkalinity:
Analysis of sodium: Sodium value of Water samples like KRSGB – 2600ppm, HNRKT – 168200ppm and HNRB – 15000ppm. These water samples collected from sea shore of Sadashivgad Karwar and Kasarkod Tonka Honavar taluk.
Analysis of potassium: Potassium value of Water samples like KRSGB – 1200ppm, HNRKT – 2000ppm and HNRB – 15000ppm. These water samples collected from sea shore of Sadashivgad Karwar and Kasarkod Tonka Honavar taluk.
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Dissolved oxygen analysis:
Sulphate Analysis: Water sample code:KRDBCH from Karwar DevabaghChittakula shows 197.33 ppm of sulphate due to city effluent water.
Karwar and Ankola Karwar and Ankola 2
Orientation Programme for Graduate Students
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B.Sc. – Ist SEM New Batch 2016-2017
Group Name
G. N. Ramachandran Group Sl NO Name R.NO 1 AchyuthM.Hebbar 1 2 Aneesa Jamal Azaad Sayed 5 3 Chaitra KamalakarShet 7 4 Darshan Dharma Gouda 8 5 DivyaMahabala Naik 9 6 DivyaTimmppa Naik 11 7 Harshita Manjunath Naik 14 8 Jyoti Manjunath Naik 19 9 Jyoti Ganapati Naik 20 10 K.Kavya 21
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11 KshamaHarischandra Naik 26
Dr H. khorana Group Sl NO Name R.NO 1 Nagendra Ravindra Pai 27 2 Manikantha 29 3 Medha Jayant Naik 31 4 Prasad sanjeev Naik 33 5 Pavitra omkar Jain 34 6 Pavitra Ganapati Naik 35 7 Pooja Shridhar Hegde 36 8 Prabhat N.Yaji 37 9 Raksha Shankar Upadhyaya 41 10 Ramya Ramakrisna Naik 44 11 Roopa Ganapati Naik 46
J. C. Bose group
Sl NO Name R.NO
1 Sahana Nagesh Shet 47 2 Sandeep Annappa Naik 48 3 Sandhya Balakrishna Gudimane 49 4 Sarita Hanumanth Gouda 50 5 Sharada Laxman Naik 51 6 Shilpa VenkteshShet 53 7 Shruti Narayana Hegde 54 8 Shraddha Gajanan Devadiga 55 9 Shrinavya Venkatraman Bhat 56 10 Shrinidhi Ganesh Bhat 57
Michael Faraday group SI NO Name R.NO 1 Shruti 59 2 Sneha Ramesh Shetty 60 3 Suchitra Chandrakant Naik 63 4 Sudha Subraya Bhat 64 5 Tanjila Salim Shaikh 65
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6 Triveni Vishnu Naik 66 7 Veena Kuppayya Naik 70 8 Vinuta Durga Naik 72 9 Vinuta Nagendra devdiga 73 10 WelcitamininD'souza 74
Robert Boyle group Sl NO Name R.NO 1 Anusha Ashok kaikini 76 2 Padmavati Rama Gouda 77 3 Nafisatalmishriya 80 4 Madhura Hegde 81 5 Namruta Shetty 82 6 P.Shivani 84 7 Sheetal Naik 85 8 Tejaswini Gouda 86 9 Divyashree naik 87 10 Ramya DingaKharvi 91
Field Visit to Bhatkal Area It was conducted on 2 Nov 2016 Number of students participated – 21 Number of Staff member participated – 5 Number of locations visited – 9 Number of Soil sample collected – 22 Number of Water Sample Collected – 18
Name of the Locations: MankiBanasale MankiSannagunda MankiDoddagunda MankiTalamakki Murdeshwara Temple Pond BhatkalSampanakatta Bhatkal Dumping Yard BhatkalBundar BhatkalVenktapur River
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Rationale for Collecting samples in above locations: . Places like MankiBanasalesannaguddaDoddagundaTalamakki are such that the wastes of the Grama entering into the Arabian Sea contain impure and muddy water. . Murdeshwar temple pond is a water- logged pond of deep green colour due to growth of algae and fungi. . Bhatkal dumping area is the place where bio waste, hospital waste, solid wastes are dumped for many years. . Bhatkalbundar is a well-known Estuary, very active commercial centre of fish exports. . BhatkalVenktapur River is located in between Shirali and Bhatkal where tile factory, soap factory and Beloor Herbal product extraction plant effluents merge into the river.
Coding and decoding of the Bhatkal area:
Area Code for Water Area Code for Soil MankiSannagunda MnkySan – W-1, MankiBanasale MnkyB-S, D MnkySan – W-2 MankiDoddagunda MnkyDod – W-1 MankiDoddagunda MnkyDod – S, D MankiTalamakki MnkyTal – W-1 BhatkalSarpanakatte BhatSap-S, D Murdeshwara MurdT-W-1 Bhatkal Damping Area Bhat Damp S-1, D-1, Temple Pond BhatDampS2, D-2 BhatkalSarpanakatte BhatSap-W-1 BhatkalVenkapur River BhatVenR-S Bhatkal Bandar BhatBand-W-1 BhatkalVenkapur BhatVenR-W-1 River
Chemical Result sheet: Conductivity TDS in Hardness Chloride in Alkalinity in Area pH mS ppm ppm ppm Mg/Lt MnkySan – W-1 8.3 2.5 1652 244 349.89 350 MnkySan – W-2 7.1 3.6 2412 450 350.24 325 MnkyDod – W-1 40000.0 7.2 61 3000.00 17494.57 1520 0 MnkyTal – W-1 6.8 0.1 74 24 12 22 MurdT-W-1 7.5 0.4 302 120 62 54 BhatSap-W-1 6.9 0.25 152 52 40 42 BhatBand-W-1 8.0 40 24000 2500 12421.21 1340
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BhatVenR-W-1 7.2 0.4 268 90 98 62
Comparison Result of Bhatkal:
pH Conductivity
MnkySan – W-1 MnkySan – W-2 MnkyDod – W-1 MnkyTal – W-1 MurdT-W-1 BhatSap-W-1 BhatBand-W-1 BhatVenR-W-1
TDS Hardness
Area Area MnkySan – W-1, MnkySan – W- 1, MnkySan – W-2
MnkyDod – W-1 MnkySan – W-2 MnkyTal – W-1
MnkyDod – W-1 MurdT-W-1
Chloride Alkalinity
Field Trip at Udupi area
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Date of visit: 6/12/2016 Name of the Locations as follows Udupi Krishna Matha Manipal lake Malpe river Malpe Beach Udupi uppuru Brahmavara River KundapuraGangolli river Trasi Beach Trasi river
Rationale for collecting samples: Udupi Krishna matha Temple pond is where idol of the Lord Krishna is washed for many years and is a restricted place. Manipal lake is situated at the southern part of industrial area of Manipal were tourists are attracted. Malpe River is the outskirt of Udupi town, were effluents of the residential area are thrown into the river. Malpe Beach is the centre of tourist attraction and fish export business. Udupi Uppuru village areas were human activities are more and wastes are thrown in the pond. BrahmavaraSeeta River is the back water of Arabian Sea; biodiversity is seen around the river. Gangolli River is nearer to Kundapur meant for road extension activities, industrial effluents are released into the river. Trasi Beach although it is clean seasonal variations in the Arebian Sea some pollutants like plastics are thrown on the beach. Trasi river is adjacent to Arebian Sea is of fresh water estuary.
Chemical analysis result sheet Conductivity TDS in Hardness Chloride in Alkalinity in Area pH mS ppm ppm ppm Mg/Lt UdpKM- W 7.7 0.5 355 1.32 39.98 96 UdpML - W 7.3 0.16 104 40 40 28 UdpMR -W 7.4 42 28000 1022 13495.81 900 UdpMB -W 7.3 61 40000 1000 20493.64 950 UdpU -W 7.1 26 17000 600 1824.43 550
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UdpBSR -W 7.2 60 40000 2000 12995.97 1800 KudGR -W 7.2 50 33500 850 15495.19 650 KudTB -W 8 60 41000 2000 29490.85 1560 KudTR -W 7.1 0.8 536 210 120 45
Test for Microbial flora:
Training of basic Microbiology techniques.
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Microbial flora analysis: control showing microbial growth(right photo), Inhibition of microbial growth in polluted soil sample (left)
Data Analysis:
Chloride Estimation:
Area Chloride in ppm MuroorGudda S1 84 MuroorGudda S2 71.46 MuroorGudda S3 11.99 MuroorGudda S4 13.99 MuroorGudda S5 18 Aluminium industry Divgi S1 15.99 Aluminium industry Divgi S2 27.99 Aluminium industry Divgi S3 33.98
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Aluminium industry Divgi S4 39.98 Aluminium industry Divgi S5 19.99 Manaki S1 10 Manaki S2 10 Hedabandra 4000 Industrial area 25 APMC 6 KRSGB 5000 KRDBCH W2 197.93 ABR 13.9 KRMP 39.98 AGRB 27.99 KRBE 531.83 KRB 19.99 KuM 9.99 KRHL 11.9 KRH 73.97 KRCS 57.98 KRDBCH W1 197.9 GRDM 39.98 HNR APR 69.96 GBK 11.99 GBR 15.99 BAR 13.999 BB 13.99 KAK 11.99 GWB 11.99 BAR 9.99
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Sodium Estimation by Flame Photometry:
Area Na in ppm
MuroorGudda S1 62.74 MuroorGudda S2 53.86 MuroorGudda S3 5.38 MuroorGudda S4 12.9 MuroorGudda S5 11.01 Aluminium industry Divgi S1 17.64 Aluminium industry Divgi S2 27 Aluminium industry Divgi S3 31.97 Aluminium industry Divgi S4 29.96 Aluminium industry Divgi S5 23.85 Manaki S1 37.99 Manaki S2 32.79 Hedabandra 5355 Industrial area 84.07 Apmc 8.53 Krsgb 2600 Krdbch 107.3 Abr 13.95 Krmp 28.67 Agrb 26.62 Krbe 95.51 Krb 8.47 Kum 13.48 Krhl 14.58 Krh 55.67 Krcs 38.56 Krdbch 7.13 Grdm 0.9 Hnrkt 168200 Hnr Apr 78.83 Gbk 35 Gbr 20 Bar 25 Bb 34 Kak 70.04 Gwb 60
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Hnr B 51000 Bar 46
1) Orientation Program: The orientation program for fresh batch of B.Sc. students who were admitted to undergraduate course for the academic year 2016-2017 was conducted on 1st October 2016. The eighty B. Sc. 1 year students, college staff members, subject experts were among the participants of the program.
In an opening remark Prof S. S. Hegde, principal of the college motivated the students to participate in the research training to enhance their knowledge. He explained the importance of research training in their academic life.
Dr. Shrikanth Hegde, Coordinator of the Under Graduate Research Centre (UGRC) shedding light on the KJA project explained the importance of getting research training at early stage of their life with some success stories. He also explained the different stages of the program and how advantageous it is to students to enhance their scientific career.
Prof. P. M. Honavar, Head of the chemistry department, gave details of the research training program and encouraged students to participate in it. Ganapathi Bhat, Prof.Manjunath and Prof. Shridhar Hebbar also Participated and gave instructions to students about KJA sponsored Research training program.
1] Research Hypothesis 2] Research Methodologies 3] Problem solving skills 4] Safety issues in Lab 5] Ethics in science 6] Research paper writing and presentation. 7] Motivational stories to encourage students to do research.
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2) Orientation course on safety issues while doing scientific research: The orientation course on “safety aspects to be considered, while conducting scientific research” was conducted on 19th December 2016. Dr. Shrikanth Hegde explained importance of using hand gloves and safety glasses while handling hazardous samples and chemicals. The vigorous actions of some chemical reactions were discussed. The practice of testing any unknown reaction in a micro scale was explained to prevent any accidents in the laboratory.
Progress Report for the period of Jan 2017 to July 2017:
The following were the major activities carried out during first seven months of 2017.
1) KJA-MGC meeting on 25th Jan 2017 2) Field visit to villages in Honnvar to collect soil and water samples 3) KJA-MGC members visit to UGRC, SDM college Honnvar on 28th Feb 2017 4) The Instrumentation courses started 0n 3rd March 2017 5) Visit by student groups to GGGRI, Kumta to learn Microbiology techniques in the month of May and June 2017 6) Orientation work shop was conducted on 21 July 2017 for 2017 batch BSc students 7) Other experimental works, analysis and data compiling was carried out by students at UGRC every week
1) KJA-MGC meeting on 25th Jan 2017: The KJA-MGC meeting was held in Bangalore on 25th Jan 2017. Dr. Shrikanth Hegde and Prof. Sridhar Habber represented MPES Honnavar at the meeting. Dr. Shrikanth Hegde presented the project program carried out at UGRC, SDM college Honnavar.
2) Field visit to villages in Honnavar to collect soil and water samples: The field work was arranged on 18th Feb 2017 to collect water and soil samples from villages around Honnavar. The 24 students and 5 staff members participated in the field work.
3) KJA-MGC visit to UGRC, SDM college Honnvar on 28 th Feb 2017: The following KJA-MGC members visited MPES, SDM College, Honnavar on 27 and 28thfeb 2017: Dr. Mukund Rao, Member Secretary KJA. Prof. M.R.S. Rao, KJAMember and Co-Chair, KJA-MGC Mr. Deepak, KJA-MGC Member.
4) The Instrumentation courses started 0n 3rd March 2017:
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The instrumentation courses were started in the month of march 2017. The students were thought how to use different scientific instruments. Later each and every student was given opportunity to use all the instruments.
The discussions about UGRC scientific programmes at UGRC lab.
Dr. Shrikanth Hegde informing KJA-MGC members about other research activities at UGRC in addition to KJA project.
5) Visit to GGGRI, Kumta to learn Microbiology techniques in the month of May and June 2017: The student visited Green Gold Global Research Institute, Kumta to learn microbiology techniques in the month of May and June 2017. The students were taken in a group of 10 students and hands on microbiology techniques were taught.
6) Orientation program: Orientation workshop was conducted on 21 July 2017 for 2017 batch BSc students. The orientation program for fresh batch of B.Sc. students who were admitted to undergraduate course for the academic year 2017-2018 was conducted on 21st July 2017. ninety-five students belonging to I year B. Sc. college staff members and subject experts were among the participants of the program.
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In an opening remark Prof S. S. Hegde, principal of the college motivated the students to participate in the research training to enhance their knowledge. He explained the importance of research training in their academic life.
Dr. ShrikanthHegde, Coordinator of the Under Graduate Research Centre (UGRC), shedding light on the KJA project explained the importance of getting research training at early stage of their life with some success stories. He also explained the different stages of the program and how advantageous it is to students to enhance their scientific career.
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Prof. P. M. Honavar, Head of the chemistry department, gave details of the research training program and encouraged students to participate in it. GanapathiBhat, Prof.Manjunath and Prof. Shridhar Hebbaralso Participated and gave instructions to students about KJA sponsored Research training program.
7) Other experimental work, analysis and data compiling was carried out at UGRC every week: The students carried out several scientific experiments to get many parameters on the water and soil samples they have collected in the field work. The scientific method of analyzing and compiling data was also demonstrated.
Research Training Activities: 1) Quiz competition program: To increase competitiveness and research interest among studentsquiz competitions on scientific research topics were conducted. The selection of candidates for quiz competition was carried out by written examination on research topics and instrumentation.
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Depending upon their performance in the written examination different groups were formed and quiz competition among those groups were conducted. These competitions are conducted each year for each batch separately. The winners from each year batch will compete for the grand prize in the Research Day event scheduled on 27th of January 2018.
Quiz competition photo
2) Toxicity Studies: The mice experiments were planned to give first hand animal handling experiences to science students. This will encourage them in their future science career to take up biological application of their research, which is a bottle neck for many scientists today. The ten mice in each group, including control group, were used for the experiments. The polluted water samples collected was fed and effect on their different organs such as spleen, heart, lungs and kidney were studied. The time intervals for experiments were one day, 3 days, one week and one month.
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3) The field work: Field work was arranged to selected spots to collect water and soil samples again. The analysis was carried out toverify and confirm the last year data and to analyze the yearly difference in pollution level.
4) Essay writing competition: To motivate students to scientific learning essay competition on following two topics were conducted: The Scientific Achievements of an Indian Scientist The Important Invention of the Year 2017. The winners were awarded on the Research Day event.
5) The training on scientific instruments and hands on experience continued.
Data Base and Publication:
In the course of this research training program we have gathered lots of data on pollutants of soil and water in the Konkan belt area. We have included these data in the project final report. We will continue to gather more data and the further compilation and data base creation will be carried out in coming years for the benefit of the students, researchers and general public.
We are working on publishing these research training findings in the MPE society’s internal publications and also want to pursue publication of these data in the scientific journals in the coming years.
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CHAPTER 4 IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF PROJECT
The impact of KJA-MPES Research Training Project is very visible and impressive. MPES, as an institution, received three major benefits from implementing this research project, besides a large number of students gaining practical research skills in science research.
A] Impact on Institution: 1) The popularity of this research training project attracted more students to the science course as evidenced by tremendous increase in student’s strength. The number of student enrolment to BSc-1 course was around 50 in the year 2013-2016 (before the project). The number of students enrolled increased 87 in the year 2016- 17 (after the project) and the number further increased to 110 for the academic year 2017-18 (as shown in the table and graph).
Number of student’s admitting to BSc-1 course in different years.
s.no Academic year Students strength 1 2013-14 56 2 2014-15 54 3 2015-16 50 4 Year after KJA-MPES project started. 87 2016-17 5 2017-18 110
120
100
80
60 Student strength strength Student 40
20
0 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 After starting 2016-17 2017-18 the project
X-axis-different academic year. Y-axis- Number of student’s admitted to BSc-1 course.
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2) The MPES popularity has increased in the region as a unique institution providing Science Research Training to undergraduate students. Many nearby colleges have discussed with MPES to know how the MPES has gained preference and about its student research activities.The acknowledgements by other institutions has certainly impacted the morale of the faculty and students of MPES.
3) NAAC (National Assessment and Accreditation Council), the University Grant Commission’s evaluating body, Members appreciated this unique effort by the institution in providing research training opportunities to young minds. We believe this KJA-MPES project played a major role in the process of securing “A grade” by NAAC. (NAAC Certificate given in Annexure)
B] Impact on Students Academics: There was a visible improvement among students academic scores. The chart below shows average percentage of marks obtained by B.Sc. first batch of students who have participated in the KJA-MPES research training program in semester 1 to 5 during year 2016 to 2018.
100 90 Year 2016-2018 80 70 B.Sc - I 60 B.Sc - II 50 B.Sc - III 40 B.Sc - IV 30 B.Sc - V 20 10 0 B.Sc - I B.Sc - II B.Sc - III B.Sc - IV B.Sc - V The chart indicates steady progress in students’ academic scores (from 70 to 89%) after participating in the research training program. Even though data is encouraging we have only data for one batch and further observation will be made in coming years. The research skills and conceptual clarity gained through sample collection, sample tests, analysis and organising of test output have made our students more confident and many have expressed desire to pursue science career. The project has also impacted students social and personal skills like team work and interpersonal skills.
C] Students Strength: MPES made a survey ofstudents’ admission in different nearby colleges. It was found out that students preferred joining MPES over other nearby college, apparently due to the
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research training given to students. Given below is the admission details of few nearby colleges:
1. SDM College,Honavar B.Sc.VI SEM -50 B.Sc. IV SEM -87 B.Sc II SEM - 110
2. First Grade College Honavar B.Sc.VI SEM - 29 B.Sc. IV SEM -34 B.Sc II SEM - 29
3. Anjunan Degree college Bhatkal B.Sc.VI SEM - 21 B.Sc. IV SEM -18 B.Sc II SEM - 22
4. First Grade College Kumta B.Sc.VI SEM -38 B.Sc. IV SEM -33 B.Sc II SEM - 50
5. Dr.A.V.Baliga college, Kumta B.Sc.VI SEM -70 B.Sc. IV SEM -76 B.Sc II SEM - 100
The admission data obtained is tabulated below academic year-wise:
% change from Institution name 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2015 to 2017 1] SDM college Honavar 50 87 110 120 2] First Grade college Honavar 29 34 29 000 3] Anjuman degree college, Bhatkal 21 18 22 5 4] First Grade college, Kumta 38 33 50 32 5] Dr. A V Baliga college, Kumta 70 76 100 43
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The survey done on students’ Project At Glance admission in different nearby colleges are Number of students participated in the project-242 tabulated and Number of orientation programmes/workshops held-18 shown in above graph. In MPES- Number of quiz/other competitions held-15 SDM College, Number of areas from where samples collected for study-56 students Number of total visits made to sample sites-112 admission Total man hours put in by students for the project-7744 hrs increased by Total man hours put in by faculty for the project-2500 hrs 120 percentage from year 2015-16 to 2017-18, the period in which KJA-MPES research training program was started. On the other hand,the First Grade College, Honavar and Anjuman Degree
College, Bhatkal did not see any increase in student admission. But in First Grade College, Kumta and Dr. A V Baliga College, Kumta we observed moderate level of increase (32% and 43% respectively). Hence, we could say that the increase in student’s
admission in SDM College is very significant. We could also observe here, that the increase in SDM College was not by attracting students from nearby colleges because there is no decrease in student strength in nearby colleges. The increase in student admission may be due to attracting more students to science division by this KJA-MPES research training program.
D] Impact on Students Future Career: One of the objectives of the MPES-KJA research training program was to ‘catch them young’ through giving an opportunity to learn about research career. In our opinion the program was tremendous success in this respect because the program made some of the students into dedicated researchers. Even though some students have to get two buses to reach college they did not miss single day of their holidays in participating in research activities. Some have decided to take up scientific research as their career. The student’s opinion in their own words is attached to the report.
E] Impact on Teachers: The MPES-KJA research training influenced faculty members as well to a great extent. In addition to teaching, teachers started guiding students in their research activities. The program also made positive influence on teachers in other departments. The biology department and physics departments set up their own research facility to carryout student’s research activities. The teacher’s strength in the chemistry department
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increased from seven to eight during project period. The opinion of teachers who participated in the project is attached to the report.
Sustenance of Student Research Training Project: One of the key concerns of the KJA is the sustainability of the Project. MPES was asked ‘how it could continue training students after the project term’. MPES has come up with following programs to continue student research training program after the project funding by KJA is over:
1) Students idea research activities: The research based on students’own ideas are running from last three years at UGRC. We will continue these research training activities with new batch of students also. 2) Training on scientific instruments: Last year we started instrumentation training for students to give them hands on experience in using all available scientific instruments. We are continuing this program in current academic year also. 3) Scientific skill development program: We are in the process of establishing scientific skill development institute with the help of central government skill development ministry. 4) Ayush program: We are writing to Ministry of Ayush project to train students in medicinal plant based research activities.
We hope all the above programs will help MPES to successfully continue students research training program initiated with the help of KJA.
STUDENTS FEEDBACK ON KJA PROJECT WORK: Select students feedback is captured below to reflect the impact that the project has created on students in their own words:
Vighneshwar Ganesh Bhat,B.Sc –VI SEM "Science is not only a subject but it is a way of life." This is the outcome, that I had got from the KJA Project Work. Because while working in this project we got some information regarding relations between today's human lifestyle & nature. Also working with such important basic instruments, I had come to know about their instrumentation & working ; So now I can handle such instruments easily & efficiently . Also, this work helps me to carry out my own project work in the institution. From this Project Work, we get an idea about the Scientific research field Also we come to know about, how to collect the samples; what are the parameters that we have to select, to build-up a scientific work; how we have to proceed the things ; etc., This work had given an opportunity to know about environmental pollution in our coastal region, so now I am able to criticize the facts that are occurring in my surrounding & I am able take measures to control those things that are surrounding me.
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So, finally my views on this work is very interesting and very valuable one I think this kind of works will certainly increasee students’ knowledge &intellectuality; And it will make the students to take interest in scientific world.So, I want KJA to give such opportunities to other students also.
Deepika B.Sc.VI SEM: Karnataka JnanaAyoga has given a wonderful opportunity to explore ourselves in a different way. Lecturers divided us under different groups. We went for different places for field work. We collected soil and water samples. That experience was new for all of us. We tested free chlorine, calcium, potassium, sodium for different water samples. We repeatedly did the same tests for accuracy. And we got to know how our environment is polluted by human beings day by day. We tested nitrogen, potassium, organic carbon, phosphate for soil samples to see how fertile the soil is.
KJA has given us opportunity to work with different instruments such as spectrophotometer, flame photometry etc. I felt very lucky to experiment with these instruments while doing my graduation. Lecturers and advisors helped and taught us how to work with those instruments. This experience will definitely help us in future days. This type of project in graduation is plus point for all of us.
Jayakishan S.P., B.Sc.VI SEM: This KJA Project has taught many things to us during sample collection, we learnt teamwork. During analysis we got to know about the basic ideas about the research work and new methodologies. We come across many new instruments even we learnt about the presentation of reports and readings.
Faculty Members Views:
The impact of the project on the faculty members was as significant as was on the students. Given below is the faculty opinion.
Dr. P.M.Honavar (HOD of Chemistry): We feel very proud that the pilot study research on preparing student in the cause of environmental pollution level in konkan belt is truly motivational for chemistry department staff. We believe that projectoriented learning will provide new dynamics of learning by which students are eager for doing research related activities and spirit of enquiry on in and around problems getting shared with the faculty members. The impact of research gave birth to the student such as Shri. Vigneshwer Bhat, Deepika Hegde, Deepa N, Hanumanth Nayak emerged as a good researcher and doing activity of research work at our UGRC. At present they have an ability to express before the aspiring students of B.Sc. class and they are ready to publish articles in the UGRC manual.
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Dr. Shri. Shridhar Hebbar: At the outset I am very grateful to the KJA for giving me an opportunity to involve in the research work. The inception of KJA in our fold has created an opportunity to interact with eminent scientist of technical committee and their contribution in the field of research. The basic work on research awareness led me to indulge in the research field at our UGRC Centre located in the college premise. Timely suggestion of Shrikant Hegde principal investigator propelled over work for the field study, collection of water and soil samples, physiochemical sample in over laboratory. We are fortunate to know toxicological impact study on albino mice at green gold global research Centre Kumta.
Shri. Manjunath Hegde: It gives me an immense pleasure to thank KJA for my involvement in the project. After having my participation which made me to think that research paper can be introduce as certificate course or diploma course which may alleviate the out of box thinking ability among the student community.
The continued support of research, enable us to spread my wings in many ways so that scope of developing new knowledge is highly appreciated by the community. We hope that KJA will extend the support so that cumulative effect of students, teachers, principal of our college, fellow staffs and finally the management in the course of research, which become more credible in raising the standards of higher education.
Suggestions for Operationalisation of Training Programme for Science Under Graduate Students: Based on our experience in implementing KJA-MPES Research Training Project, we propose the following suggestions for operationalising such research training projects in at undergraduate education:
Research Training Model:
1) Prepare scientific research training programs; 2) Identify the competent colleges; 3) Form monitoring and guidance committee composed of faculty, experts, researchers to help students and teachers involved in the research activities; 4) Provide financial assistance to upgrade the research laboratory: Rupees 5 to 20 lakhs and; 5) Provide yearly assistance to conduct research training: Rupees 10 to 15 lakhs 6) Relevant and best research projects may be awarded/published with the State support.
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Preparing Students for Research Training: A Pilot Study on Environmental Pollutants in the Konkan Belt
Recommendations: 1. MPES made an attempt to enhance students learning through research.This is a real case of experiential learning and could be made available to all the undergraduate students in the Karnataka, especially, to those students who have no access to scientific lab and learning. The exposure that the students gained through this project has set our students aspirations high 2. MPES recommends in establishing research hub under the name “SCIENCE TOWN” where many students, researchers, and scientists of Konkan belt region can participate and discuss on the burning issues of this region such as monkey disease, Koleroga of areca nut, pollution level studies, infectious disease. Science Towns can be replicated in other regions of the state as well to give impetus to deliberate on the burning issues of the region 3. MPES propose to introduce compulsory credit course in every undergraduate program as “RSEARCH PAPER” as a self-study course.
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Preparing Students for Research Training: A Pilot Study on Environmental Pollutants in the Konkan Belt
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ANNEXURES
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ANNEXURE-1
LIST OF FACULTY MEMBERS ASSOCIATED WITH KJA-MPES PROJECT
PI: Dr. Shrikanth Hegde Co-PI: Prof. P. M. Honnavar 1 Ganapati Bhat - Research Associate 2 Manjunath Hegde – Research Assistant 3 Shridhar Hebbar – Research Assistant
In coordination with chemistry department staff members 1 Prof P.M .Honnavar –HOD 2 ProffS.N.Nayak – Associate Professor 3 YakshitaSaliyan – Lecturer 4 Swati Shet –Lecturer 5 Swati Sabhahit – Lecturer 6 Dr. Manjunath Patgar –Lecturer
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ANNEXURE-2
LIST OF STUDENTS INVOLVED IN KJA-MPES PROJECT Students List of B.Sc.-II semester – 2017-18
Sl. No. Name of the Student Roll No. 1. Akash Kudlekar 2 2. Akshata Naik 3 3. Akshay Naik 4 4. Ananth Gangoli 6 5. Anusha Rodrigues 8 6. Aparna Naik 9 7. Ashwini Naik 10 8. B. S. Manoj 11 9. Bhagyashree Naik 12 10. Bhagyashree Naik 13 11. Bharat Naik 14 12. Bharati M .Naik 15 13. Bharati P. Naik 16 14. Chitra Naik 18 15. Christon Lopes 19 16. Darshan Naik 20 17. Deepa Naik 22 18. Deepa Gouda 23 19. Divya Naik 25 20. Geeta Naik 26 21. Haresh Naik 28 22. Jagadeesh Harikant 29 23. Jayashree Naik 30 24. Jayesh Mahale 31 25. K Vranda 32 26. Kavyashree Gond 33 27. KumudaMoger 34 28. Lakshmi Gond 35 29. Lata Naik 36 30. M G Ankita 37 31. M G Arpita 38 32. Mahesh Naik 39 33. Malavika Naik 40
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34. Manohar Devadiga 41 35. Maruti Naik 42 36. Nagaraj Devadiga 43 37. Nagashree Gouda 44 38. Naveen Naik 45 39. Nayana Ishwar Naik 46 40. Nayana Hegde 47 41. Nidhi Honavar 49 42. Nikhita Naik 50 43. Niteesh Naik 51 44. Nootana Naik 52 45. NutanaMoger 53 46. Pooja Naik 54 47. Pooja Bhat 56 48. Prasanna Hegde 57 49. PreetiHebbar 60 50. Priyanka Sankolli 61 51. Rajesh Naik 63 52. Rajeshwari Naik 64 53. RakshitaMoger 65 54. Ramakrishna Hegde 67 55. Ranjith Mesta 70 56. Reshma Naik 71 57. Roopa Bhat 72 58. Sachin Naik 73 59. Sahana Shetty 74 60. Sandhya Naik 76 61. Sharat Naik 78 62. Shreya Hegde 79 63. Shrinivas G Gouda 81 64. Shrinivas SGonda 82 65. SmitaHarikantra 84 66. Sooraj Naik 85 67. Spoorthi G 86 68. Sujata Naik 88 69. Tanuja PNaik 89 70. Tanuja Naik 90 71. TejaDugguru 91 72. Veena Achari 92
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73. Venkatesh Kamat 93 74. Vidya Harikantra 94 75. Vinayak Naik 97 76. Yukta Bhat 99 77. Priyanka Hegde 103 78. Suma Naik 104 79. Jagadeesh Naik 106 80. Prabha Naik 107 81. Hema Naik 108 82. Jyothi Naik 109 83. Shweta Naik 110 84. Asha Moger 111 85. Nisha Lopes 112 86. M MNootana 113 87. Arpita Naik 116 88. Subrahmanya Naik 117 89. Raghavendra Naik 118 90. Subrahmanya Bhat 119 91. Sahana Naik 120 92. Ranjitha 121 93. ShreeganeshDevadiga 122 94. Sachin Naik 123 95. GourishMuroorkar 124 96. Vighnesh Gouda 125 97. Meghana Deshbhandari 126 98. Praveen Shet 127 99. RakshitaKodiya 129 100. Uma Gowda 130 101. Seema Bhat 133 102. R A Teja 135 103. Vignesh Bhatkal 136 104. YateshMasti Naik 137 105. Kavana Naik 138 106. Manoj Bhat 139
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Students List of B.Sc.-VI semester – 2017-18. Group Name: Albert Einstein Sl. No Batch – I Roll Number 1. Vigneshwara Bhat (GL) 62 2. Nagma Shaikh (GL) 31 3. Ramya Devadiga 43 4. Sampadalaxmi Hegde 47 5. ShipaDevadiga 50 6. Shweta Shetty 52 7. Supritha Raju 57 8. Sandhya Naik 48 9. Andriya N 01 10. Bhuvaneshwari Naik 05 11. Chandrashehkar R. M 07
Group Name: C. V. Raman Sl. No Batch – II Roll Number 1. Shreepradha Hegde(GL) 51 2. Kaviraj Naik(GL) 23 3. Shivamurthy M. H. 25 4. Jyothi N Shetty 22 5. Sneha Gowda 26 6. Megha G. Gowda 29 7. Nagalakshmi M. Bhat 30 8. Nayana K Gowda 36 9. Poornima P. Devadiga 39 10. Priyanka S. D’souza 42
Group Name: Dr. C.N. R Rao Sl. No Batch – III Roll Number 1. Deepa Hegde (GL) 10 2. Deepak Naik (GL) 11 3. Arpita M. F 02 4. Ashwaguru B. 03 5. Chandrakala Naik 08 6. Manasa M. Gowda 28
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7. Harshita Shet 16 8. Hema K. M. 17 9. Hema Naik 18 10. Jyoti U. Naik 21
Group Name: Dr. A. P. J. Kalam Sl. No Batch – IV Roll Number 1. Deepika Bhat (GL) 12 2. Jayakishan (GL) 20 3. Devaki Naik 13 4. Harshita Moger 15 5. Madhura Naik 27 6. Namrata Mahale 33 7. Pramod R. Naik 40 8. PritikaFernandis 41 9. Sachin naik 45 10. Soniya Rodrigues 53
Group Name: Isha Sl. No Batch – V Roll Number 1. Hanumant Naik (GL) 14 2. Bhavana D. H. (GL) 04 3. Subramanya Madivala 54 4. Sumana Naik 56 5. Swati Devadiga 58 6. Vidya Naik 60 7. Priyanka Naik 70 8. Jagadish Naik 69 9. Bilson D’souza 06 10. Shipla Rodrigues 49
Students List of B.Sc.-IV semester – 2017-18 G. N. Ramachandran Group Sl NO Name R.NO 1 AchyuthM.Hebbar 1 2 Aneesa Jamal Azaad Sayed 5
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3 Chaitra KamalakarShet 7 4 Darshan Dharma Gouda 8 5 DivyaMahabala Naik 9 6 DivyaTimmppa Naik 11 7 Harshita Manjunath Naik 14 8 Jyoti Manjunath Naik 19 9 Jyoti Ganapati Naik 20 10 K.Kavya 21 11 KshamaHarischandra Naik 26 12 Adithy Bhat 2 13 M.Poornima 28 14 Usha Naik 67 15 Vaibhav Shanbhag 68 16 Yadav Moger 75
Dr H. Khorana Group Sl NO Name R.NO 1 Nagendra Ravindra Pai 27 2 Manikantha 29 3 Medha Jayant Naik 31 4 Prasad sanjeev Naik 33 5 Pavitra omkar Jain 34 6 Pavitra Ganapati Naik 35 7 Pooja Shridhar Hegde 36 8 Prabhat N.Yaji 37 9 Raksha Shankar Upadhyaya 41 10 Ramya Ramakrisna Naik 44 11 Roopa Ganapati Naik 46 12 BhagyashreeGonda 6 13 Manish Fernades 30 14 Nagendra Pai 32 15 Subramanya Hegde 62 16 Yogesh Gowda 78
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J. C. Bose Group
Sl NO Name R.NO 1 Sahana Nagesh Shet 47 2 Sandeep Annappa Naik 48 3 Sandhya Balakrishna Gudimane 49 4 Sarita Hanumanth Gouda 50 5 Sharada Laxman Naik 51 6 Shilpa VenkteshShet 53 7 Shruti Narayana Hegde 54 8 Shraddha Gajanan Devadiga 55 9 Shrinavya Venkatraman Bhat 56 10 Shrinidhi Ganesh Bhat 57 11 Divya Naik 12 12 HemavatiGonda 15 13 Prasad Nayak 38 14 Prasanna Patgar 39 15 VinayrajShet 71
Michael Faraday Group SI NO Name R.NO 1 Shruti 59 2 Sneha Ramesh Shetty 60 3 Suchitra Chandrakant Naik 63 4 Sudha Subraya Bhat 64 5 Tanjila Salim Shaikh 65 6 Triveni Vishnu Naik 66 7 Veena Kuppayya Naik 70 8 Vinuta Durga Naik 72 9 Vinuta Nagendra devdiga 73 10 WelcitamininD'souza 74 11 Jayashree Bhat 18 12 R.K.Vishal 22 13 Pramod Devadiga 40 14 Ramesh Gouda 42 15 RevatiMoger 45 16 NgarajDevadiga 83 Robert Boyle Group
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Sl NO Name R.NO 1 Anusha Ashok kaikini 76 2 Padmavati Rama Gouda 77 3 Nafisatalmishriya 80 4 Madhura Hegde 81 5 Namruta Shetty 82 6 P.Shivani 84 7 Sheetal Naik 85 8 Tejaswini Gouda 86 9 Divyashree naik 87 10 Ramya DingaKharvi 91 11 Kavita Gond 23 12 Kavya Naik 24 13 Ramya Devadiga 43 14 Shashikala Gond 52 15 Shrinivas Naik 58 16 Ganesh 97
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ANNEXURE-3
EQUIPMENTS PROCURED BY MPES UNDER KJA-MPES RESEARCH TRAINING PROJECT
1. HPLC 2. Microscope 3. pH Meters 4. GPS unit
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ANNEXURE-4
PROTOCOLS FOR EXPERIMENTS pH Determination:
Reagents:Buffer capsules pH - 4, 7 and 9.2, distilled water.
Procedure: Calibrate the pH meter with buffer solution pH - 7 and pH – 4. Take approximately 80 ml sample in a 100ml beaker. Dip the cleanly washed glass electrode in the sample. Note down the pH value on the meter.
Conductivity: Procedure: Calibrate the conductometer using distilled water. Take approximately 80 ml sample in a 100ml beaker. Dip the cleanly washed conductivity cell in the sample. Note down the observed conductance value on the meter.
Turbidity
Apparatus Nephelometric turbidity meter with sample cells Reagents
a. Solution I. Dissolve 1.000g hydrazine sulphate, (NH2)2.H2SO4 in distilled water and dilute to 100 mL in a volumetric flask.
b. Solution II. Dissolve 10.00g hexamethylenetetramine, (CH2)6N4, in distilled water and dilute to 100 mL in a volumetric flask. c. 4000 NTU suspension. In a flask mix 5.0 mL of Solution I and 5.0 mL of Solution II. Let stand for 24 h at 25 ±3°C. This results in a 4000 NTU suspension. Store in an amber glass bottle. The suspension is stable for up to 1 year. d. Dilute 4000 NTU stock solution with distilled water to prepare dilute standards just before use and discard after use.
Procedure a. Calibrate nephelometer according to manufacturer’s operating instructions. Run at least one standard in each instrument range to be used. b. Gently agitate sample. Wait until air bubbles disappear and pour sample into cell. Read turbidity directly from instrument display.
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ALKALINITY
Apparatus a. Standard laboratory glassware such as burettes, volumetric flasks and beakers.
Reagents a. Standard sodium carbonate, approximately 0.05N.Dry 3 to 5g sodium carbonate,Na2CO3, at 250°C for 4h and cool in a desiccator. Accurately weigh 2.5±0.2g to the nearest mg, dissolve in distilled water and make to 1L. b. Standard H2SO4, approximately 0.1N. Dilute 2.8 mL conc. sulphuric acid to 1L.Standardise against 40.00 mL 0.05N Na2CO3 with about 60 mL distilled water, in a beaker by titrating potentiometrically to pH 5. Lift out electrodes, rinse into the same beaker and boil gently for 3 to 5 min under a watch glass cover. Cool to room temperature, rinse cover glass into beaker and finish titration to pH 4.3. Calculate normality of sulphuric acid:
A × B Normality, N = 53.00 × C Where:
A = g Na2CO3 weighed into the 1L-flask for the Na2CO3 standard (see a.)
B = mL Na2CO3 solution taken for standardisation titration C = mL acid used in standardisation titration
c. In case potentiometric titration is not possible use bromcresol green indicator to complete the titration. d. Standard sulphuric acid, 0.02N. Dilute the approximate 0.1N solution to 1L. Calculate volume to be diluted as:
mL volume = 20 N Where:
N = exact normality of the approximate 0.1N solution.
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e. Methyl Orange indicator, pH 4.5: Dissolve 100mg Methyl Orangein100 mL ethyl alcohol.
Procedure a. Add 2 to 3 drops of Methyl Orange indicator. Titrate until change in colour (blue toyellow, pH 4.9 to 4.3) is observed. Record total mL titrant used.
Calculation
Total alkalinity, mg CaCO3 /L = B x N x 50000 mL samle
Where:
B = total mL of titrant used to Methyl orange end point N = normality of titrant
Note:
For turbid/coloured samples, titration can be performed using a pH meter to end point pH value of 4.5.
CALCIUM
Reagents a. Sodium hydroxide, NaOH, 1N.
b. Murexide (ammonium purpurate) indicator: Mix 200 mg dye with100 g solid NaCl. Grind to 40 to 50 mesh size. c. Standard EDTA titrant, 0.01M: Weigh 3.723 g di-sodium salt of EDTA, EDTA dihydrate, dissolve in distilled water and dilute to 1000 mL. Store in polyethylene bottle, 1 mL = 400.8 µg Ca. Standardise EDTA against standard calcium solution periodically following the method described below. d. Standard calcium solution: Weigh 1.000 g anhydrous CaCO3in 500 mL flask
(primarystandard). Add 1 + 1 HCl in small amounts through a small funnel till all CaCO3 is dissolved. Add 200 mL distilled water and boil for a few minutes to expel CO 2. Cool and add a few drops of methyl red indicator and adjust to intermediate orange colour by adding
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3NNH4OH or 1 + 1 HCl, as required. Transfer quantitatively and dilute to 1000 mL with distilled water, 1 mL = 400.8 µg Ca.
Procedure a. Take 50 mL sample or an aliquot diluted to 50 mL such that the calcium content is not more than 10 mg. Samples which contain alkalinity greater than 300 mg/L should be neutralised with acid, boiled for 1 min and cooled before titration. b. Add 2 mL NaOH solution or a volume sufficient to produce a pH of 12 to 13. Start titration immediately after addition of the alkali. Add 0.1 to 0.2 g indicator mixture. Titrate with EDTA solution, with continuous mixing, till the colour changes from pink to purple. Check end point by adding 1 to 2 drops excess titrant to make certain that no further colour change occurs.
Calculation
Ca in mg /L = A x B x 400.8 mL sample
Where:
A = mL titrant for sample
B = mL of standard calcium solution taken for titration mL EDTA titrant
CHLORIDE:
Reagents a. Potassium chromate indicator solution: Dissolve 50 g K2CrO4 in a little distilled water. Add AgNO3 solution until a definite red precipitate is formed. Let stand 12 h, filter, and dilute to 1 L with distilled water.
b. Standard silver nitrate titrant, 0.0141M (0.0141N): Dissolve 2.395 g AgNO3 in distilled water and dilute to 1000 mL; 1 mL = 500 µg Cl-. Store in brown bottle.
Standardise against 10 mL standard NaCl diluted to 100 mL, following the procedure described for the samples.
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N = 0.0141 × mL standard NaCl V – B
where:
N = normality of AgNO3
V = mL AgNO3 titrant
B = mL titration for blank
c. Standard sodium chloride, 0.0141M (0.0141N): Dissolve 824.0 mg NaCl (dried at 140 oC) in distilled water and dilute to 1000 mL; 1mL = 500 µg Cl-
d. Aluminium hydroxide suspension: Dissolve 125 g aluminium potassium sulphate or aluminium ammonium sulphate, AlK(SO4)2.12H2O or AlNH4(SO4)2.12H2O, in 1L distilled water. Warm to 60oC and add 55mL concentrated ammonium hydroxide slowly with stirring. Let stand for about 1h, transfer to a large bottle. Wash precipitate two times or till free of chloride, by successive addition of distilled water, settling and decanting.
Procedure a. Use a 100 mL sample or a suitable portion diluted to 100 mL. If the sample is coloured or turbid, add 3 mL Al(OH)3 suspension, mix, let settle and filter. b. Add 1 mL K2CrO4 indicator solution, titrate with AgNO3 titrant to a pinkish yellow end point. c. Repeat the titration with distilled water blank. A blank of 0.2 to 0.3 mL is usual.
Calculation
Chloride present in mg/L = N x (A-B) x 35.45 x 1000 Volume of sample
Where: A = mL titration for sample B = mL titration for blank
N = normality of AgNO3
DISSOLVED OXYGEN
Apparatus
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a. DO sampler, for collection of undisturbed samples from surface waters. b. BOD bottles, 300 mL, narrow mouth, flared lip, with tapered and pointed ground glass stoppers. c. A siphon tube, for laboratory use.
Reagents a.Manganous sulphate solution. Dissolve 480 g MnSO4 .4H2O, 400 g MnSO4.2H2O or 364 g
MnSO4.H2O in distilled water, filter and dilute to IL. b. Alkali-iodide-azide reagent. Dissolve 500 g NaOH (or 700 g KOH) and 135 g NaI (or
150 g KI) in distilled water and dilute to IL. Add 10 g NaN3 dissolved in 40 mL distilled water. c. Sulphuric acid, conc d. Starch indicator. Dissolve 2 g laboratory grade soluble starch and 0.2 g salicylic acid as a preservative, in 100 mL hot distilled water. e.Standard sodium thiosulphate titrant, 0.025M (0.025N). Dissolve 6.205 g Na2S2O3.5H2O in distilled water. Add 1.5 mL 6NNaOH or 0.4 g solid NaOH and dilute to 1000 mL . Standardise with bi-iodate solution. f. Standard potassium bi-iodate solution, 0.0021M (0.0126N), Dissolve 812.4 mg KH(I03)2 in distilled water and dilute to 1000 mL .
Standardisation: Take 100 to 150 mL distilled water in an Erlenmeyer flask. Add approximately 2g KI, dissolve. Add 1 mL 6N H2S04 or a few drops of conc H2SO4 and 20 mL bi-iodate solution. Dilute to 200 mL and titrate liberated iodine with thiosulphate titrant to a pale straw colour. Add a few drops of starch indicator. Continue titration to first disappearance of blue colour. Calculate molarity, M of thiosulphate as:
M = 20 × 0.0126 V Where: V =mL of thiosulphate used
Procedure a. Drain any liquid in the flared lip of the BOD bottle containing the sample. b. Remove stopper and add 1 mL of MnSO4 followed by 1 mL alkali-iodide-azide reagent. Hold the pipette tip just below the liquid surface touching the side of the bottle. Wash the pipette before returning to the reagent bottles. c. Stopper carefully to exclude air bubbles. Mix by inverting the bottle a few times. d. Allow the brown manganese hydroxide floc (white floc indicates absence of DO) to settle approximately to half the bottle volume, add 1.0 mL conc H2SO4 and re-stopper. Mix by inverting several times until dissolution is complete. e. Titrate 201 mL with standard Na2S2O3 as for standardisation procedure described above.
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Calculation
DO in mg/L = V x M 0.025 Where:
V = mL thiosulphate solution used M = molarity of thiosulphate titrant
HARDNESS:
Reagents a. Buffer solution: Dissolve 16.9g NH4Cl in 143 mL conc. NH4OH. Add 1.25g magnesium salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) and dilute to 250 mL with distilled water. Store in a plastic bottle stoppered tightly for no longer than one month.
b. Indicator: Eriochrome Black T sodium salt. Dissolve 0.5g dye in 100 mL triethanolamine or 2 ethylene glycol monomethyl ether. The salt can also be used in dry powder form by grinding 0.5g dye with 100g NaCl.
c. Standard EDTA titrant, 0.01M: Weigh 3.723g di-sodium salt of EDTA, dihydrate, dissolve in distilled water and dilute to 1000 mL. Store in polyethylene bottle.
d. Standard Calcium Solution: Weigh 1.000g anhydrous CaCO3 in a 500 mL flask. Add 1 + 1 HCl slowly through a funnel till all CaCO3 is dissolved. Add 200 mL distilled water and boil for a few minutes to expel CO2. Cool and add a few drops of methyl red indicator and adjust to the intermediate orange colour by adding 3N NH4OH or 1 + 1 HCl, as required.
Transfer quantitatively and dilute to 1000 mL with distilled water, 1 mL = 1mg CaCO3.
Procedure
Dilute 25 mL sample to 50 mL with distilled water. Add 1 to 2 mL buffer to give a pH of 10.0 to 10.1. Add 1 to 2 drops of indicator solution and titrate with EDTA titrant to change in colour from reddish tinge to blue. Select a sample volume that requires less then 15 mL EDTA ztitrant and complete titration within 5 min after buffer addition.
Standardise the EDTA titrant against standard calcium solution using the above procedure.
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Calculation
Total Hardness (EDTA), mg CaCO3 /L = A ×B ×1000 mL sample Where: A = mL EDTA titrated for sample
B = mg CaCO3 equivalent to 1.00 mL EDTA titrant
Note: If the Mg salt of EDTA is unavailable (or too expensive) dissolve 1.179 g disodium salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid dihydrate (anlaytical reagent grade) and 780 mg magnesium sulfate (MgSO4.7H2O) or 644 mg magnesium chloride (MgCl2.6H2O) in 50mL distilled water. Add this solution to 16.9 g NH4Cl and 143 mL conc. NH4OH with mixing and dilute to 250 mL with distilled water. To attain the highest accuracy, adjust to exact equivalence through appropriate addition of a small amount of EDTA or MgSO 4 or MgCl2.
TDS (Total Dissolved Solids):
Apparatus a. Evaporating dishes, 100 mL capacity of porcelain, platinum or high-silica glass made b. Drying oven, 104 ± 1°C c. Desiccator d. Magnetic stirrer e. Glass-fibre filter disk, Whatman grade 934 AH, Gelman type A/E, Millipore type AP4O or equivalent, diameter 2.2 to 12.5 cm. f. Filtration apparatus, Membrane filter funnel or Gooch crucible with adapter and suction flask of sufficient capacity for sample size selected
Procedure a. Wash filter paper by inserting it in the filtration assembly and filtering 3 successive 20 mL portions of distilled water. Continue suction to remove all traces of water. Discard washings. b. Dry evaporating dish at 104 ± 10C for 1 h, cool and store in desiccator. Weigh immediately before use. c. Stir sample with a magnetic stirrer and while stirring pipette a measured volume on to the filter using a wide bore pipette. Choose sample volume to yield between 10 and 200 mg dried residue. Wash with three successive 10 mL volumes of distilled water. Continue suction for about 3 min after filtration is complete.
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d. Transfer total filtrate with washings to a weighed evaporating dish and evaporate to dryness in an oven at 104 ± 10C. If necessary add successive portions to the same dish after evaporation in order to yield between 10 and 200 mg dried residue. To prevent splattering oven temperature may be lowered initially by 20C below boiling point and raised to 104 0C after evaporation for 1h. Cool in a desiccator and weigh.
Calculate mg Dissolved Solids/L= (A −B)×1000 mL sample
Where: A = weight of dried residue + dish, mg B = weight of dish, mg.
Residual Free Chlorine:
Iodometric Method
Interferences—Oxidized forms of manganese and other oxidizing agents interfere. Reducing agents, such as organic sulphides also interfere. Although the neutral titration minimizes the interfering effect of ferric and nitric ions, the acid titration is preferred because some forms of combined chlorine do not react at pH 7. Use only acetic acid for titration; sulphuric acid will increase interferences; never use hydrochloric acid.
Reagents
Acetic acid, glacial— Potassium iodide—Crystals. Standard sodium thiosulphate—0.01 N. Starch indicator solution—See IS : 2263–1979 ‘Methods of preparation of indicator solutions for volumetric analysis
Procedure
Select a sample volume which will require no more than 20 ml of 0.01 N sodium thiosulphate. Thus for residual chlorine concentration of 1 mg/l or less, take 1000 ml of sample; for range of 1 to 10 mg/l, a 500 ml of sample and above 10 mg/l proportionately less sample. Take appropriate volume of the sample as given and add acetic acid to bring down the pH to 3 to 4 in the flask. Add about 1.0 g of potassium iodide crystals and mix with a glass rod. i1
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Add chlorine-free distilled water if larger volume is preferred for titration. Titrate with 0.01 N sodium thiosulphate until yellow colour of the librated iodine is almost discharged. Add 1.0 ml of starch indicator and titrate until the blue colour is discharged in many cases residual chlorine is very low and starch needs to be added before starting up the titration.
Calculation
Where
V1 = Volume of Std Sodium thiosulphate used
V2 = volume of sample taken for test, and N = normality of sodium thiosulphate used.
DETERMINATION OF SOIL pH
Procedure:
10 g. of soil (2 mm sieved) is mixed with 20 ml of distilled water (1:2 soil to water ratio) and the mixture is stirred for half an hour intermittently at ten minutes interval and finally before taking the reading with a glass rod. Then electrode is immersed in the suspension and pH value is recorded when reading is stabilized.
Note:
1. Prior to reading, calibrate the pH meter with buffer solutions for the range in which pH is measured because difference in slope of the calibration line measurements outside a calibration range may be in error. 2. Buffer solutions should not be stored for too long. Especially the pH 9.2 solution which is sensitive to Carbon dioxide and may soon become unreliable. 3. Since temperature, partial pressure of carbon dioxide in suspension, liquid-liquid junction potential and soluble salts concentration affect the pH value, these factors should be kept at minimum level. 4. Glass electrode should not be allowed to dry and always immersed in distill water.
Precaution to be taken before switching on the instrument and care while handling
1. Read pH of samples after adjusting Buffer pH to 7.0. Do not read samples after adjusting buffers 4.00 and 9.2 since the acid or alkali effect will affect pH reading.
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2. Prepare fresh buffer solution as and when required. Do not use the buffers if fungus has developed. 3. If you observe any sluggishness in the instrument dip the electrode in dilute hydrochloric acid (0.01 N) over night. Refill the electrode with fresh saturated potassium chloride solution. If sluggishness could not be overcome by above treatment, purchase new electrode. 4. Handle the electrode carefully. There should not be any damage to the bulb of the electrode which is sensing part. 5. If your buffers do not tally, adjust with the potentiometer screw. 6. If there is suspension effect, lower or raise the beaker to some level to get stable reading. 7. Do not dip the electrode for longer period in strong alkalies. 8. Keep the electrode always immersed in distilled water when not in use. 9. When fresh electrode has to be used, immerse the electrode in 0.01 N Hydrochloric acid over night. Then few hours in distilled water.
ESTIMATION OF AVAILABLE NITROGEN (KMNO4-N) IN SOIL:
Apparatus: i) Distillation Flasks (1 Ltr. Cap.) ii) Receiving Flasks. iii) Measuring Cylinder – 100 ml. iv) Distillation unit v) Burette and Stand
Reagents: i) Potassium permangangate 0.32%: Dissolve 3.2 gms. Of potassium permanganate in 1 litre water. ii) Sodium Hydroxide 2.5%: Dissolve 25 gms of Sodium hydroxide in 1 litre water. iii) Mixed indicator: Dissolve 0.099 gm of Bromocresol green and 0.060 g of Methyl Red in 100 ml ethanol. Note: Use about 10 to 15 ml of mixed indicator per litre of Boric Acid–2%. iv) Boric Acid – 2.0%: Dissolve 20 gms of Boric acid in one litre water. v) H2SO4 – 0.02N: (0.56 ml. Con. H2SO4 in 1 litre of distill water) standardize this solution against 0.02 N sodium carbonate solution using methyl red as indicator. vi) Solid paraffin wax. vii) Sodium Carbonate 0.02 N: Weigh accurately 0.1058 gms. Of Sodium Carbonate AR in 100 ml of distilled water and make up to vol. 100 ml in Vol. Flask.
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viii) Methyl Red Indicator: Dissolve 0.5 gm of indicator powder in 100 ml ethanol.
Procedure:
Weigh 20 gms. of soil into a litre round bottom flask or conical flask. Moisten with 20 ml of water. Add 5 to 8 gms of solid paraffin wax. Add 100 ml. Potassium permanganate, 100 ml distill water and 100 ml of Sodium hydroxide solution. Now distill and collect the NH3 formed into 20 ml. of boric acid (with mixed indicator) contained in receiving flask till about 150 ml of the distillate is collected in about 20 to 30 minutes. With the absorption of ammonia the pinkish / chocolate brown colour turns to green. Titrate the distillate with
0.02 N H2SO4 to get light wine-red colour. Calculate the available Nitrogen in Kgs / acre.
Calculation:
Available Nitrogen ( Kgs/Ac) = TV x 0.02 x 0.014 x 2000000 20 x 2.2
= TV x 12.72 AVAILABLE PHOSPHORUS USING OLSEN EXTRACTANT IN SOIL:
Reagents:
1. Olsen’s extractant(0.5 M sodium bicarbonate):Dissolve 840 gms. of sodium bicarbonate in 20 litres of distilled water and adjust the pH of the solution to 8.5 using either dilute sodium hydroxide or dilute hydrochloric acid. 2. Activated Carbon / Charcoal powder (Phosphorus free) 3. Sulphuric acid 5 N: Dilute 143 ml. of concentrated sulphuric acid (AR) to one litre. 4. Reagent-A: Dissolve 12 gms. of Ammonium Molybdate in 200 ml. of distilled water. Dissolve 0.2908 gms. of potassium antimony tartarate in 200 ml. of distilled water separately, mix these two solutions with 1000 ml 5 N sulphuric acid and make up the volume to 2 litres. Store this solution in cool dark place. 5. Reagent-B: Dissolve 1.056 gms of Ascorbic acid in 200 ml of Rreagent-A. This solution has to be prepared fresh every day.
Stock Solution of Phosphorous (250ppm):
Weigh accurately 0.479 gms of potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate AR. (KH2PO4) dissolve and make up the volume to 1000 ml. with distilled water. This solution has 250 ppm P2O5 or 250 microgram of P2O5/ml.
Working Standards:Dilute 10 ml of 250 ppm. P2O5 solution to 1000 ml. This solution will give concentration of 2.5 ppm. P2O5 solution or 2.5 microgram per ml.
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Standard Curve:Pipette out 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 ml of working standard solution in 50 ml beakers or 25 ml. vol. flask separately. Add 5 ml. sodium bicarbonate solution. Bring down the pH of solution to 5 by adding 0.5 ml. of 5 N sulphuric acid (The actual quantity of 5 N sulphuric acid can be determined as follows: Take 25 ml. of sodium bicarbonate solution, add one or two drops of para nitrophenol indicator and titrate against 5 N sulphuric acid till the yellow colour disappear. Calculate exact quantity of 5 N sulphuric acid required). Bring the volume of the solution to 21 ml. by adding sufficient quantity of distilled water. Add 4 ml. of Reagent-B. allow 15-20 minutes for colour development. Read the colour in a colorimeter/spectrophotometer using RedFilter or 660 nm wave length. Plot standard curve, with the concentration of microgram of P2O5 in X axis versus Klet reading/absorbance values.
Procedure: Take 2.5 gm. of soil in 100 ml. conical flask Add half gram of activated Charcoal (Charcoal is added to remove the colour of the solution. Since sodium bicarbonate pH 8.5 is alkali, it extracts organic matter which imparts colour to the solution). Add 50 ml. of Olsen extractant shake the contents on mechanical shaker for 30 minutes and filter. Run the blank also i.e.., without soil.
Take 5 ml. of aliquot, add 0.5 ml. of 5 N sulphuric acid, 15.5 ml of distilled water. Add 4 ml of reagent-B, stir the content, allow 15-20 minutes for colour development. Adjust the colorimeter with distilled water to zero. Read the blank. Adjust the blank to zero. Then read for samples.
Calculation:
6 Av. P2O5 (Kgs / Ac) = A x 50 x 1 x 2x10 106 x 5 x 2.5 x 2.2
= A x 3.64
(Where A is graph reading i.e. mg. of P2O5)
Precautions:
1. Wash all the glasswares with chromic acid. 2. Some filter papers like Monolax has phosphorus. Use phosphorus free filter paper. 3. Draw standard curve once in a month or when there is change in chemicals, or after repair of instruments etc. 4. Use phosphorus free chemicals.
AVAILABLE POTASSIUM USING FLAME PHOTOMETER IN SOIL
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Reagents: 1. Neutral Normal Ammonium Acetate: Dissolve 77 gm. of Ammonium acetate and make up the volume to 1000 ml. with distilled water. Adjust the pH of the solution to 7 with dilute ammonia solution or dilute acetic acid.
2. Stock solution of Potassium (1000 ppm K2O solution): Weigh accurately 1.583 gm. of potassium chloride AR, dissolve it in distilled water and make up the volume to 1000 ml. (The molecular weight of potassium chloride is 74.56 and that of K2O is 94. Two moles of KCl can give one mole of K2O i.e. 94 gms of K2O can be obtained from 149 gms. of KCl. For one gm of K2O (149 x 1)/ 94 = 1.583 gms of KCl is required.
3. Working standards giving 10, 20, 30 and 40 ppm K2O: Pipette 10, 20, 30 and 40 ml of stock solution and dilute it to 1000 ml with neutral normal ammonium acetate. Procedure: Take 5 gms of soil, add 25 ml of neutral normal ammonium acetate and shake the contents for 5 minutes and filter. After keeping the instrument on, keep the air compressor on and check the air pressure(0.4 - 0.6 kg/cm2). Ignite the flame and adjust to get cone shaped blue (non- illuminous) flame. Feed distilled water and adjust galvanometer reading to Zero. Feed neutral normal ammonium acetate and adjust blank to zero. Feed 40 ppm K2O solution and adjust the reading to 100. Repeat 0 and 100 adjustment with neutral normal ammonium acetate and 40 ppm K2O solution 2-3 times to get constant readings. Feed intermediate standards. Note down the readings and draw standard curve. Feed the samples. Check 0 and 100 for every 25-30 sample, sometimes there will be shift in 0 and 100 readings. If sample reading exceeds 100, dilute it suitably. In red soil area, dilute the sample 2 times where as in Black soil region dilute the soil about 5 times. This dilution factor has to be considered while calculating the potassium in soil.
Calculation:
6 Available K2O (kgs/ac) = A x Volume of extractant x 2 x 10 106 x Wt. of soil sample x 2.2
6 Available K2O (kgs/ac) = A x 25 x 2 x 10 106 x 5 x 2.2
= A x 4.55
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Where A = graph reading of K2O in ppm
DETERMINATION OF AVAILABLE SULPHUR IN SOIL
Reagents required:
1) 0.15% Calcium chloride solution
2) BaC12 powder (20-30 mesh)
3) Acid Seed solution (20ppm 'S' in 6N HCl): Dissolve 0.109g K2SO4 in one litre of 6N HCl. 4) Stabilizing reagent: 0.25% gum acacia solution or mix 20 ml of glycerol with 80ml of alcohol.
5) Std.S solution: 0.5444 g of AR grade K2SO4 in 1000 ml DW gives 100 ppm S solution. Preparation of standard curve:
1. Take 0, 2.5, 5, 10, 15, and 20 ml of 100 ppm S solution in separate 50 ml vol. flasks 2. Add 10 ml of extractant and 1 ml of stabilizing agent to each
3. Add 1 g BaC12 powder and make up the volume to 50 ml 4. Record the turbidity at 420 nm wave length using Spectrophotometer 5. Plot the absorbance against the concentrations of these solutions and draw the standard curve.
Procedure:
1. Transfer 5 g of soil into a 250 ml Conical flask, add 25 ml of 0.15% calcium chloride
solution (1:5 ratio soil: CaC12) 2. Shake the contents for 30 mins and filter the contents. 3. Pipette out 10 ml of the filtrate into a 50 ml volumetric flask. 4. Add 1 ml of stabilizing reagent.
5. Add 1 g of BaCl2 powder, shake and makeup the volume to 50 ml 6. Read the turbidity of this solution within 10 mins at 420 mm. 7. Compare the unknown sample turbidity with Std curve and calculate the amount of ‘S ' present in the given soil.
Calculaton:
Av. S (ppm) = Graph ppm x Vol of Extractant x Vol. made Wt. of soil x Aliquot taken for turbidity.
= Graph ppm x 25
ESTIMATION OF ORGANIC CARBON IN SOILS
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Reagents:
1. Potassium dichromate solution 1N: dissolve 49.04 gms of potassium dichromate salt in distill water and make the volume to 1000 ml. 2. Concentrated sulphuric acid. 3. Standard sucrose solution: weigh accurately 0.5 gms of Sucrose AR and dissolve it in 1N potassium dichromate solution. Each ml. of this solution will give 5 mg of sucrose.
Standard Curve:
Pipette accurately 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 ml. of standard sucrose solution in 100 ml. conical flask separately. Bring the volume of solution to 10 ml by adding potassium dichromate solution. Then add 20 ml of concentrated sulphuric acid slowly. After half an hour, add 10 ml of distilled water keep the contents overnight and read the colour in colorimeter/spectrophotometer using red filter or 660 nm wave length. Plot the standard curve-milligrams sucrose in X axis versus klett/absorbance reading in Y-axis
Procedure:
Weigh one gram of soil in 100 ml conical flask. If organic carbon content of the soil exceeds 1.26% take ½ gm of soil instead of 1 gm. Add 10 ml. of Potassium dichromate solution and 20 ml. of sulphuric acid. After half an hour, add 10 ml of distilled water. Transfer the contents to 50 ml. test tubes and keep the contents overnight to settle the particles. Reading can be taken same day if centrifuged. Read the colour in colorimeter/spectrophotometer using red filter /660 nm wave length.
Calculation:
Organic carbon % = Graph reading(X) x 0.042 (The molecular formula of sucrose is
C12H22O11. The molecular weight of sucrose is 342 gms., which has 144 gms. Carbon. To convert m.grams of sucrose to m.gram of carbon it should be multiplied by 144/342 or 0.42. Further, it should be divided by 1000 to convert it into gm. of carbon. This value of carbon is for one gm of soil. If it is multiplied by 100, the percent carbon is obtained.
Organic carbon % = Graph reading (X) x 144/342 x 1/1000 x 100/1
= Xx 0.042
ESTIMATION OF ORGANIC CARBON IN SOILS
REAGENTS
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1N Potassium Dichromate Dissolve 49.040 g K2Cr2O7 AR (dried at 105 °C) in deionized water, transfer to a 1 L volumetric flask and make to volume with deionised water.
Sulphuric Acid 98% w/w This should be used fresh from the bottle and not left standing in a burette or beaker, as it rapidly picks up moisture from the air.
0.4 N Ferrous Sulphate Dissolve 112 g FeSO4.7H2O in 800 mL deionizer water containing 15 mL concentrated H2SO4. Dilute to 1 L with deionizer water and store in a dark bottle.
"Ferroin" Dissolve 1.485 g O-phenanthroline monohydrate and 0.695 g ferrous sulphate in approximately 80 mL deionised water, then dilute to 100 mL.
PROCEDURE :
1. Determine the moisture content of the air-dry soil which has been ground to pass a 0.42 mm sieve. (See Soil Moisture Content P1A/1.) Weigh accurately enough soil to contain between 10 mg and 20 mg of carbon into a dry tarred 250 mL conical flask (between 0.5 g and 1 g for top soil and 2 g and 4 g for subsoil).
2. Accurately add 10 mL 1 N K2Cr2O7 and swirl the flask gently to disperse the soil in the
solution. Add 20 mL concentrated H2SO4, directing the stream into the suspension. Immediately swirl the flask until the soil and the reagent are mixed. Insert a 200 °C thermometer and heat while swirling the flask and the contents on a hot plate or over a gas burner and gauze until the temperature reaches 135 °C (approximately ½ minute). 3. Set aside to cool slowly on an asbestos sheet in a fume cupboard. Two blanks (without soil) must be run in the same way to standardize the FeSO4 solution. 4. When cool (20– 30 minutes), dilute to 200 mL with deionised water and proceed with the FeSO4 titration using either the "ferroin" indicator
CALCULATIONS
Organic Carbon in % = 0.003 X N X 10 X(1-T/S)X100
ODW
Where: N = Normality of K2Cr2O7 solution
T = Volume of FeSO4 used in sample titration (mL)
S = Volume of FeSO4 used in blank titration (mL) ODW = Oven-dry weight (g)
1 mL of 1 N Dichromate solution is equivalent to 3 mg of carbon
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ANNEXURE-5
NAAC CERTIFICATE
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ANNEXURE- 6
KARNATAKA JNANAAAYOGA (KARNATAKA KNOWLEDGE COMMISSION) Bangalore
Ref: KJA:Fin:Sanction-05-2015 30th January 2016
SANCTION ORDER
Sub: Financial assistance to Malnad Progressive Education Society (MPES) Honnavar for “Preparing Students for Research Training, Pilot Study on Environment Pollutants in the Konkan Belt”.
Ref: MPES proposal on preparing Students for Research Training - Pilot Study on Environment Pollutants in the Konkan Belt dated 8th October 2015. * * * * *
Approval and sanction of the Karnataka Jnana Aayoga (KJA) is hereby accorded for INR 25,00,000/- (Rs. Twenty five lakhs only)all inclusive, for project on “Preparing Students for Research Training - Pilot Study on Environment Pollutants in the Konkan Belt”, to Malnad Progressive Education Society (MPES),Honnavar.
The terms of the sanction are as follows:
1. The scope of the activities is as per the final proposal submitted by MPES on 8th Oct, 2015 (attached to this sanction). 2. The duration of the project is for two (2) years from the date of sanction. 3. KJA in co-ordination with Higher Education Department (HED) will establish a KJA/HED Project Monitoring and Guidance Committee which will monitor and guide the project till its completion. 4. MPES will interact with, coordinate and implement the guidance of the Project Monitoring and Guidance Committee in a fulsome manner. 5. Based on the proposal submitted by MPES to KJA, the following is the cost approved by KJA:
Details AMOUNT INR. Project Budget A. Salary & Wages: 1st Year 2nd Year Total 1) Research Associate 2,46,000/- 2,46,000/- 2) Supporting Technical Staff 60,000/- 60,000/- Total A Salary & Wages 6,12,000/- B. Permanent Equipment: 1) GPS Unit 3,00,000/- 0 2) Radioactive particulate sampler: a) HPLC (High-performance liquid chromatography) 6,50,000/- 0 b) UV/VIS Spectrophotometer 1,50,000/- 0 Total B Permanent Equipment: 11,00,000/- C. Expendables/Consumables: 3,00,000/- 1,00,000/- 4,00,000/- D. Travel: 60,000/- 30,000/- 90,000/- E. Other project cost: 10,000/- 10,000/- 20,000/-
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F. Contingencies: 50,000/- 50,000/- 1,00,000/- G. Dissemination of Research Work: 18,000/- 10,000/- 28,000/- H. Institutional Charges: 1,50,000/- 0 1,50,000/- Grand Total (A+B+C+D+E+F+G+H): 19,94,000/- 5,06,000/- 25,00,000/- (Rupees Twenty Five Lakhs only)
6. Sanction is subject to MPES accepting and complying to terms and conditions of the award (attached herewith) – MPES must accept the terms (under signature of Head of Institution with seal in each page) and send the same to the Member Secretary, KJA – indicating acceptance of terms and also the sanction. 7. MPES will provide to KJA/HED a Bank Guarantee from Nationalised Bank for the total project value valid for the duration of the project. This bank guarantee will be deposited with KJA within 10 days of acceptance of sanction. 8. Payment will be made by KJA in 2 instalments – 1st one will be made on MPES submitting the Bank Guarantee. The 2nd instalment would be released by KJA in November, 2016 subject to positive recommendation of KJA/HED Monitoring and Guidance Committee considering the performance and accomplishments till then. MPES must maintain scheduled plan and not delay any activity as it can impact performance and subsequent payment milestones. 9. MPES will raise a bill on KJA for the payment of sanctioned amount as per the instalments. 10. The accounts of MPES related to this sanctioned proposal shall be open to inspection of the KJA or HED or GOK agency/audit, whenever it is required to do so. 11. The sanction issues as per procedures adopted by KJA and after formal approval of Chairman, KJA-Technical Committee; KJA-Management Committee; concurrence of ACS. Higher Education Department and finally approval by Chairman, KJA – vide KJA internal approval note – KJA:Fin:Sanction-05-2015 of 25th January 2016. 12. This sanction order is formally issued after formal approval of Chairman, KJA and on behalf of Member-Secretary, KJA.
(KS Ashok Kumar) Admn./Fin. Executive Karnataka JnanaAayoga
To: 1. The President, Malnad Progressive Education Society, Honavar-581334 (North Kanara).
Copy to: Member-Secretary, KJA Additional Chief Secretary to Govt., Dept. of Higher Education, GoK – for kind information and as per discussion/confirmation vide email of Jan 18, 2016.
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Ref: KJA:Fin:Sanction-05/2015 dated 25th January 2016 Sub: Financial assistance to Malnad Progressive Education Society (MPES) Honnavar for “Preparing Students for Research Training, Pilot Study on Environment Pollutants in the Konkan Belt”
Terms & Conditions of the Sanction 1. Approval of the project titled “Preparing Students for Research Training, Pilot Study on Environment Pollutants in the Konkan Belt” and the grant being released by KJA is based on the final proposal submitted by MPES on October,8th2015. 2. The project sanction is for duration of 2 yearsfrom the date of sanction mentioned herein above. On completion of project and submission of deliverables, a formal closure of the project will be notified by KJA/HED. 3. The project would be administered and supervised by KJA or by Higher Education Department (HED) of the Government. 4. KJA, in co-ordination with HED, will establish a KJA/HED Project Monitoring and Guidance Committee which will routinely/regularly monitor and guide the project till its completion. The Committee will meet as frequently as required and review the progress and give guidance – which will be implemented by MPES. 5. MPES will interface, coordinate and implement the guidance of the Project Monitoring and Guidance Committee in a fulsome manner. 6. As part of acceptance, MPES will designate a Senior Professor as Principal Investigator (PI) for the project and intimate the same to KJA/HED. KJA/HED will be in interaction with the PI. 7. The funds released for the sanctioned proposal by KJA are fixed and no additional amount whatsoever would be provided by KJA or HED to MPES. 8. MPES will provide to KJA/HED a Bank Guarantee from Nationalised Bank for the total project value valid for the duration of the project. This bank guarantee will be deposited with KJA within 10 days of acceptance of sanction. 9. Payment will be made by KJA in 2 instalments – 1st one will be made on MPES submitting the Bank Guarantee.The 2nd instalment would be released by KJA in November, 2016 subject to positive recommendation of KJA/HED Monitoring and Guidance Committee considering the performance and accomplishments till then. MPES must maintain scheduled plan and not delay any activity as it can impact performance and subsequent payment milestones. 10. For each payment milestone, MPES will raise a claim/invoice for payment – against which KJA will process for payment. 11. In case MPES is not in a position to implement or complete the sanctioned activity and close the project in the duration, MPES agrees that KJA/HED can invoke bank guarantee and claim the guarantees amount. 12. MPES agrees that a team that will be positioned for project duration and also be committed to work on this proposal till its completion. For the effective implementation of the proposed research activity, MPES will undertake its own process of selection and appointment of research personnel/staff and payment of remuneration to them, as per MPES rules. MPES agrees that KJA/HED will not be responsible for any staffing/human resourcesand payment of any remuneration, thereof. 13. MPES will initially submit detailed implementation plan and methodology document and get it approved by the Project Monitoring and Guidance Committee within 1 month.
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14. MPES will also submit a monthly Progress Report detailing the progress made. 15. MPES will not entrust the implementation of thissanctioned activityto any other institution nor will it divert the grant to other institute as assistance. 16. KJA/HED reserves the right to terminate the sanction order at any stage if it is convinced that appropriate progress is not being made or the grant has not been properly utilized. 17. MPES will maintain separate audited accounts for the project and the amount of grant will be kept in a bank account. The interest, if any, earned should be reported to the KJA/HED while submitting the Statement of Expenditure/Utilisation Certificate (Annexure – I). 18. Any statutory audit requirement of Government of Karnataka (GOK) for the grants provided to MPES will be undertaken as perGoK rules and MPES will allow for such audit / inspection activities to be taken up by KJA / HED. 19. On completion of project and before January, 2018, MPES will have to submit to KJA/HED the following – after which KJA/HED will issue a formal project closure/completion letterto MPES: a. Submit 4 copies of Final Report detailing how the project was implemented and with final results/outcome. The report needs to also include evaluation/assessment of the project impact vis-à-vis the scope, all materials/methods developed; all data, documents/reports, designs, copy right, materials etc related to the project. Report to be submitted in electronic version + 4 printed versions. b. Final consolidated statement of expenditure (in TRIPLICATE) giving expenditure on project and its implementation c. Utilisation Certificates (in TRIPLICATE) matching with statement of expenditure figures d. List of any equipment/ assets acquired under the project 20. Any expenditure incurred prior to the issue of the financial sanction/approval order and any expenditure incurred after the expiry of the sanctioned duration will not be admissible. 21. Any un-spent balance out of the amount sanctioned must be surrendered to KJA/HED(or as instructed by HED)through a crossed cheque/Demand Draft payable at Bangalore drawn in favour of “Karnataka JnanaAayoga’’(ORHigher Education Department, Govt., of Karnataka)after the completion of project. 22. Final certificate of Closure of Project needs to be obtained by MPES from KJA or/ HED. 23. KJA/HED has no objection to MPESpublishing papersof the project work,provided it is explicitly mentioned that the sanctioned proposal was sponsored and supported by KJA/HED. KJA/HEDmaintains the right of the funding agency to publish its own reports or papers, bulletins, press briefingsetc of the sanctioned work, as required, with acknowledgment of MPES efforts of implementation. 24. MPES agrees that all assets, copyright and Intellectual Property Rightsarising out of the sanctioned proposalwill be the property belonging to KJA/HED,GOK. Acceptance Signature: Date: Principal Investigator Head of the institution (Seal)
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ANNEXURE- 7
Karnataka Jnana Aayoga (Karnataka Knowledge Commission) Government of Karnataka
No. KJA/SANCTION/05/MPES-MGC/2015-16 11th July, 2016
Establishment of KJA Monitoring and Guidance Committee
Sub: Establishment of KJA Monitoring and Guidance Committee for project on “Preparing Students for Research Training, Pilot study on environment Pollutants in the Konkan Belt” sanctioned to MPES.
Ref: Sanction Order No. KJA/Fin: Sanction-05/2015, dated 30th January 2016. **** With reference to the above KJA Sanction, KJA hereby constitutes a Monitoring and Guidance Committee (MGC) for the project. The Committee will guide the MPES team for implementing the project, regularly review the progress and ensure that the deliverables expected by KJA are provided by MPES.
The following is the composition of the MGC: Dr. Gayatri Sabherwal, Member, KJA - Co-Chair Prof. M R S Rao, Member, KJA - Co-Chair Prof. G Padmanabhan, Member, KJA - Member Representative of Higher Education Department, GOK - Member Mr. Deepak K, SRA, KJA - Member Mr. Ashok Kumar K S, Admin/Finance Executive, KJA - Member Dr. Padmavathi B S, SRA, KJA - Member Secretary President, MPES or his nominated representative - Focal Point at MPES
MPES will extend all facilities and provide access to MGC in terms of materials, output/deliverables of the project and meet any review requirement of the Committee. The MGC may visit MPES, as required for the monitoring/review purpose or hold its in Bengaluru where MPES will mandatorily participate.
The tenure of MGC is co-terminus to the MPES project. MGC will be administered/supervised either by KJA or Higher Education Department.
This order issues with the approval and authority of Chairman, KJA.
(Mukund Rao) Member-Secretary, KJA To: Members of KJA Monitoring and Guidance Committee.
Copy for information to: 1. All Members of KJA. 2. Additional Chief Secretary to Govt., Higher Education Dept. 3. President, Malnad Progressive Education Society, Honnavara.
Room No. 432-433 and 438-439, 4th Floor, Vikasa Soudha, Bengaluru – 560001 T: +91 80-22268626, 22267626 e-mail: [email protected] www.karanataka.gov.in/jnanaayoga
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KARNATAKA JNANA AAYOGA (KARNATAKA KNOWLEDGE COMMISSION) GOVERNMENT OF KARNATAKA ROOM NO. 432-433 and 438-439, 4th Floor, Vikasa Soudha, Bengaluru www.karnataka.gov.in/jnanaayoga