FEDERAL AND STATE ENDANGERED AND THREATENED SPECIES EXPENDITURES Fiscal Year 2017 TABLE OF CONTENTS ENDANGERED AND THREATENED SPECIES EXPENDITURES FISCAL YEAR 2017 PURPOSE ................................................................................................................................3 BACKGROUND .....................................................................................................................4 SECTION 18(1), FEDERAL EXPENDITURES ....................................................................5 SECTION 18(2), STATE EXPENDITURES ..........................................................................5 SUMMARY OF DATA ...........................................................................................................5 COMPARISON TO PREVIOUS REPORTS ..........................................................................6 Table 1. FY 2017 Reported Expenditures for Endangered and Threatened Species…………….7 Table 2. Species Ranked in Descending Order of Total FY 2017 Reported Expenditures….....58 Table 3. FY 2017 Reported Land Acquisition Expenditures for Endangered and Threatened Species……………………………………………………………...121 Table 4. FY 2017 Expenditures Reported by Individual Federal Agencies and the States…...133 Appendix A. Supplemental Guidance for Reporting Expenditures for the Conservation of Endangered and Threatened Species…………………………………………..…….136 Appendix B. Reports Provided by Other Federal Agencies……………………………..……141 Appendix C. Expenditures Reported by the States…………………………………………....421 ENDANGERED SPECIES EXPENDITURES FISCAL YEAR 2017 PURPOSE The Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) (Act) was reauthorized and amended on October 7, 1988, under Public Law 100-478. A new section 18 was added to the Act that requires the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) on behalf of the Secretary of the Interior to report annually on certain expenditures on a species-by-species basis. The section reads: SEC. 18. On or before January 15, 1990, and each January 15 thereafter, the Secretary of the Interior, acting through the Fish and Wildlife Service, shall submit to the Congress an annual report covering the preceding fiscal year which shall contain (1) the accounting on a species-by-species basis of all reasonably identifiable Federal expenditures made primarily for the conservation of endangered or threatened species pursuant to this Act; and (2) an accounting on a species-by-species basis of all reasonably identifiable expenditures made primarily for the conservation of endangered or threatened species pursuant to this Act by States receiving grants under section 6. This document constitutes the 28th report by the Service pursuant to the requirements of section 18 of the Act. The report covers fiscal year 2017 (October 1, 2016 - September 30, 2017), although some States may be reporting for a different fiscal year period (without duplicating a previous year's reported data). To assist Federal and State agencies with more accurate accounting of expenditures, a multi-species reporting category was added to the FY12 and subsequent reports. This option gives agencies another way to report expenditures when it is not possible to determine individual species costs for those species that are part of a multi-species conservation activity. The term "State" as used in this report is defined in section 3(17) of the Act to mean any of the several States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, American Samoa, the Virgin Islands, Guam, and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands. The term “State agency” as used in this report is defined in section 3(18) of the Act to mean any State agency, department, board, commission, or other governmental entity which is responsible for the management and conservation of fish, plant, or wildlife resources within a State. The term "conservation," as defined in section 3(3) of the Act, means the use of all methods and procedures necessary to bring any endangered or threatened species to the point where the measures provided for by the Act are no longer necessary--including, but not limited to, research, census, law enforcement, habitat acquisition and maintenance, propagation, live trapping, and transplantation. For the purposes of this report, the definition of conservation is further expanded to include any and all actions taken by Federal and State agencies on behalf of threatened or endangered species listed pursuant to the Act. 3 BACKGROUND At the time the reporting requirement was enacted by Congress, the Service determined that a good faith effort was expected to develop methods to track and obtain data that are "reasonably identifiable." No extensive or extraordinary measures to develop exceptionally precise data were sought, nor were the reporting agencies expected to prorate staff salaries and other normal operational and maintenance costs not directed toward a particular species. The expenditures reported in this and the preceding reports do not necessarily constitute all expenditures made for each species. This report represents a compilation of reasonably identifiable expenditures for the conservation of listed species reported independently by Federal and State agencies. Expenditures for FY 2017 are reported for 1,685 domestic threatened and endangered species of the 1,772 domestic species that were listed under United States jurisdiction in 50 CFR Part 17 during FY 2017 up through September 30, 2017 (Tables 1 and 3). Expenditures are identified by listed entity, which may be a species1, subspecies2, Distinct Population Segment (DPS)3, or Evolutionarily Significant Unit (ESU)4, as identified in the Act’s implementing regulations at 50 CFR 17.11 and 17.12. These expenditures are reported separately for the Service and in aggregate for all other Federal agencies and the States (Tables 1 and 3). For these annual reports, the Service requests that all reporting agencies submit their data directly into our Web-based data entry system to ensure accuracy, consistency, and efficiency. At the time of submission, the reporting agencies certify that their information is accurate. The information provided in this report, pursuant to section 18 of the Endangered Species Act, is presented as it was submitted by these agencies. We do not verify an agency’s data after the data are submitted to us. In order to improve the Service’s efficiency in producing future editions of this report, the Service will no longer enter a reporting agency’s expenditures data into our Web- based system. All agencies must enter their own expenditures data into our Web-based system. Expenditures for candidate species or other species not listed in 50 CFR Part 17 as of the end of each fiscal year are not included in this report. In addition, other types of expenses that are not incurred primarily for the conservation of listed species, such as those for litigation, are not reported. 1 Species For purposes of the ESA, this term includes any species or subspecies of fish or wildlife or plants, and any Distinct Population Segment of any species of vertebrate fish or wildlife that interbreeds when mature. 2 Subspecies A taxonomic rank below that of species, usually recognizing individuals that have certain heritable characteristics distinct from other subspecies of a species. 3 Distinct Population Segment A subdivision of a vertebrate species that is treated as a species for purposes of listing under the Endangered Species Act. 4 Evolutionarily Significant Unit A Pacific salmonid stock that is substantially reproductively isolated from other stocks of the same species and which represents an important part of the evolutionary legacy of the species; functionally equivalent to DPS for the purpose of listing under ESA. 4 SECTION 18(1), FEDERAL EXPENDITURES Expenditures Reported by the Fish and Wildlife Service The Service's operational categories of expenditures include fisheries, refuges, land acquisition, law enforcement, research, international conservation, and regional and field office operations for listing, recovery, consultation, migratory birds, and grants. All reasonably identifiable expenditures that could be attributed to individual species within these activities have been included. The Federal assistance portion under section 6 of the Act for each species is included in the FWS Total in Table 1. The State share for each species for which a Federal contribution was made is included in the States Total column of Table 1. A portion of the Service's funds for consultation, listing, and recovery are incorporated into salaries, operations, and maintenance costs. If these costs contributed to the conservation of listed species and are reasonably identifiable to specific species, they are included in this report. Expenditures Reported by other Federal Agencies The Director of the Service sends a request to other Federal agencies identified as likely to have species-specific expenditures under the Act to report for each fiscal year. The Service provides guidance identifying what constitutes reasonably identifiable expenditures and how these are to be reported (Appendix A). For FY 2017, the Service and 27 other Federal agencies identified expenditures for the conservation of individual threatened and endangered species. Results from all responding Federal agencies are included in Appendix B. The data identified by those responding Federal agencies for individual species and multi-species conservation activities are tabulated in the “Other Fed” columns