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WRAP Theses Beresford 2013.Pdf A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of PhD at the University of Warwick Permanent WRAP URL: http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/80000 Copyright and reuse: This thesis is made available online and is protected by original copyright. Please scroll down to view the document itself. Please refer to the repository record for this item for information to help you to cite it. Our policy information is available from the repository home page. For more information, please contact the WRAP Team at: [email protected] warwick.ac.uk/lib-publications Coal, coal mining and the enterprise culture. A study of Doncaster Richard Beresford A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Business and Management University of Warwick, School of Business August 2013 1 Table of contents 1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 2 Path dependency or path contingency? ........................................................................ 13 2.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 13 2.2 Path dependency or path contingency .................................................................. 15 2.3 Corporate entrepreneurship and business choices ............................................... 22 2.4 Political entrepreneurship and policy choices ........................................................ 23 2.5 Policy choices and political consensus .................................................................. 25 2.6 Critical junctures and decision making windows .................................................... 28 2.7 Conclusion ............................................................................................................ 29 3 Coal and coal mining .................................................................................................... 31 3.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 31 3.2 The long decline of the coal industry ..................................................................... 37 3.3 Mining and entrepreneurship ................................................................................ 68 4 Doncaster ..................................................................................................................... 92 4.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 92 4.2 The early period 1900-1945 .................................................................................. 99 4.3 Mature period 1946-1970 .................................................................................... 141 4.4 Decline 1971-2000 .............................................................................................. 177 4.5 Conclusion .......................................................................................................... 212 5 Impact of mining on Doncaster ................................................................................... 215 5.1 Understanding the process of regional lock in ..................................................... 217 6 Bibliography ................................................................................................................ 225 6.1 Newspapers ........................................................................................................ 261 6.2 Doncaster Archives ............................................................................................. 262 6.3 Sheffield Archives ............................................................................................... 263 2 Appendix 1: The 24 Regional Factors of Competitiveness as used by IFO (1990) ............ 264 Appendix 2: The 41 Regional Competitiveness Factors as used by Bowes (2000) ........... 265 Appendix 3: Occupational category list ............................................................................. 266 Appendix 4: The Doncaster Area ...................................................................................... 267 Appendix 5: Doncaster wards 1910 ................................................................................... 268 Appendix 6: Doncaster ward map 1914 ............................................................................ 269 Appendix 7: Doncaster Borough ward map 2004 .............................................................. 270 Appendix 8: Doncaster industrial estates showing motoway development ........................ 271 Appendix 9: The eight Divisions of the National Coal Board 1 January 1947 .................... 272 Appendix 10: Yorkshire coalfield showing Doncaster area 1967 ....................................... 273 Appendix 11: Doncaster coalfield statistics 1972-73 & 1983-84 ........................................ 274 Appendix 12: Businesses registered in local business directories (all periods) .................. 275 Appendix 13: Change in estimated unemployment rate from 1981 census base to 1991 census base by Ward for DMBC at April 1991 .................................................................. 277 Appendix 14: Doncaster Local Council Election Results 1973-92 ..................................... 278 3 List of tables Table 3:1 - Mechanical and electrical machinery in use in coal mines, 1924-38, (including number of horses and ponies) ............................................................................................. 40 Table 3:2 - Employment by occupation in the UK mining machinery industry in Yorkshire and Humberside 1978-87 ........................................................................................................... 56 Table 3:3 - UK policy measures to support small businesses 1946-2004 ........................... 58 Table 3:4 - The British and West German coal industries: the cost of public policy (Nominal US $ million) ....................................................................................................................... 63 Table 3:5 - Percentage of coal mechanically cut and conveyed in British mines 1903-38 ... 70 Table 4:1 - Employment in Doncaster collieries 1910-1945 .............................................. 101 Table 4:2 - Population increases in selected mining villages in the Doncaster coalfield .... 103 Table 4:3 - Professional and trade businesses registered in the local directories 1900-1936 ......................................................................................................................................... 107 Table 4:4 - Mining related businesses registered in the Local Business Directories .......... 110 Table 4:5 - General election results 1918-1938 ................................................................. 134 Table 4:6 - Local election results, 1928-36 (selected Wards) ............................................ 136 Table 4:7 - Employment by sector 1951-67 ....................................................................... 143 Table 4:8 - Decline in employment in coalmining 1959-1967 ............................................. 143 Table 4:9 - Employment changes 1959-1967: Summary ................................................... 144 Table 4:10 - Employment and gender, 1976 ..................................................................... 145 Table 4:11 - Food and confectionery manufacturers registered in the local business directory 1967 .................................................................................................................................. 146 Table 4:12 - Coal productivity at Doncaster area collieries 1963-68 .................................. 150 Table 4:13 - Average weekly earnings of adult manual workers April 1969 ....................... 151 Table 4:14 - Housing (rateable value) 1968 ...................................................................... 153 Table 4:15 - General election results 1950 - 1970 ............................................................. 154 Table 4:16 - Local election results. Doncaster wards, 1945-1972 ..................................... 157 Table 4:17 - Analysis of fifty three manufacturing units established between 1946-68 ...... 160 Table 4:18 - Advantages of location pre and post 1945 ..................................................... 161 Table 4:19 - Employment by job category (males) 1966 .................................................... 168 4 Table 4:20 - Students completing further education in 1961 .............................................. 169 Table 4:21 - Unemployment by age group, 1967 (%) ........................................................ 170 Table 4 :22 - Housing stock, 1991 ...................................................................................... 181 Table 4:23 - Location quotients: Doncaster 1981 and 1984 .............................................. 184 Table 4:24 - Large firms, 1993 .......................................................................................... 185 Table 4:25 - Key sectors and key companies 1984-88 ...................................................... 187 Table 4:26 - Employment in service sector: Comparison Doncaster and GB 1991 ............ 188 Table 4:27 - Sub sectors: Comparison Doncaster and GB 1991 ....................................... 189 Table 4:28 - Decline in employment in Doncaster collieries 1981-92 ................................. 189 Table 4:29 - Employment
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