Galls of Pemphiginae (Homoptera : Aphidoidea) in the Indian Region with Description of a New Species
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Bull, zool, Surv. India, 4 (3) : 319-330t 1981 GALLS OF PEMPHIGINAE (HOMOPTERA : APHIDOIDEA) IN THE INDIAN REGION WITH DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES A. K. GHOSH Zoological Survey oj India, Oalcutta AND s. CHAKRABARTI AND D. K. BHATTACHARYA Department of Zoology, Unive1'sity of Kalyani, Kalyani-741236 ABSTRAor The present paper provides an account of gall aphids and aphid galls of the subfamily Pemphiginae in the Indian region. l\Ioreovel', host association, gall record and biological knowledge of such species in the regio~ have also been included. A new gall forming species, Kaltenbachiella carp1nicola infesting Oarpinus BP, is described in this paper. A total of 27 species including 8 newly recorded one under this subfamily are known to produce galls in the area. INTRODUCTION tribes known from Indian region, about 27 Aphid galls are anatomically and histologi species are known to form galls. Many of cally complext formed mostly on the primary .these Pemphigid galls from Indian region host-plants, in the course of heteroecious have been described by Buckton (1896, 1897), life cycle and associa tion with true galls is Keiffer (1908), Das (1918)t Gulamullah (1941), regar.ded to be of primitive origin. Aphid Mani (1973) and Habib and Ghani (1970) ; galls may be covering galls, pouch galls, galls for eight species are reported here for krebs galls and leaf fold or roll galls (Mani the first time. So far, no key for identifica 1964). Amongst the members of Aphididae, tion of aphid species by their galls in the species belonging to Pemphiginae are well region is available. Several collection trips known as gall makers; of these, many species to Northwest and to Northeast India and migrate to secondary hosts to complete the Sikkim by the authors have enabled to cycle (Table 1) while some may either become prepare a key to the aphid species basing on autoecious on primary host or may become the p1ant galls. The collection data for many restricted to a paracycle on secondary host of these species would indicate period of and the situation in Indian region cleary occurrence, while for the others, information indicates prevalence of the second' condition ; have been lPcorporated from published out of more than 60 Pemphigids qnder ~ literature, ~l 320 Bulletin of tke Zoologioal Survey of I naia, TABLE-l Host Association of Pemphiginae Primary Host Secondary Host 1. Tribe Pemphigini [mostly known from primary host in the region] Sub Tribe Pemphigina Populus Dicot Plants (Roots) (Galls) Sub Tribe Prociphilina Dicot Plants Conifers (Roots) (Galls) II. Tribe Eriosomatini (mostly known from secondary hosts in the regionl Ulmus (Ga.1ls) Rosaceae Oarpinus (Galls) Graminae III. Tribe Fordini [mostly known from secondary hosts in the region] Pistacea .(Galls) Graminae Rhus Ailanthus (Galls) ? Toona ciliata (Galls) ? Graminae TABLE-2 Aphid species on Poplar Galls Aphid species Host Plant First record 1. Epipemph1gus tmaicus (Oholodkovsky) : Populus ciliata (Oholodkovsky, 1912) 2. Pemphigus immunis Buckton Populus nigra (BucktOn, 1897) 3. Pemphigus 1IWrdvilkoi Cholodkovsky Populus ciliata (Cholodkovsky, 1912) 4. Pe'lnphigus nainitalensis Oholodkovsky Populus ciliata (Cholodkovsky,1912) 5. Pemphigus napaeus Buckton PopuZus euphratica (Buckton, 1897) 6. Pemphigus siphunculatus Hille Ris Lambers Populus ciliata (Hille Ris Lambers, 1973) 7. Pem,phigus indicus Keiffer Host indet (Keiffer, 1908) S. Pemphigus spyrotheceae Passerini Populus nigra (M:athu[ & Sinch, 1959) 9. PemphiJ~(,s ignotus Habib & Ghani Populus ciliata (Habib & Ghani 1970) 10. Pemphigu.s venosus Habib & Ghani Populus ciliata (Habib & Ghani, 1975) 11. Pemphigus 'L'esioo'rius Passerini Populus sp. (Gulamullah.. 1941) 12. Pemphigus sp. Populus .ciliata (New Record) GALLS AND APHIDS species (Table 2) are known to form galls only 1. Tribe Pemphigini on Populus ciliata, which is known to A. On Populus spp. prevent soil erosion and is also used for Four species of Poplars, alba, ciliata, euph .. match-industry (Habib & Ghani 1970). Further ratica and nigra grow in the Himalaya (Indo.. report of occurence of four of these Poplar Pakistan reg i<;>n), but 6 of the 12 Peml1higids aphids, after their first r¢cQrd of incidence~ GHOSH et at :' GalltC? of Pernpltiginae 321 3. , 6 Fig. 1. Stem gall of Pemphigus napeus on Populus ap. Fig. 2. Stem gall of Pemphigus mordvilkoi on Populus ap. Fig. S. Stem gall of Pemphigus naintalensis on Populus sp. Fig. 6. ]~eaf gall of Pemphigus indicms on unidentified plan t 322 BuUetin of the ~oolqgicaZ Survey oj India is lacking (4, 7, 8, 11) and two species have napaeus, mordviZlcoi, nainitaZensis and siplvun only been recently recorded in Pakistan culatu8) and ignotu8 is repotted to form leaf region (9,10) ; of these two, venosus is reported galls, as in the cases of most of the other to form galls on twigs and branches (like pemphigids. The key includes 6 of the 10 Fig. 7. Leaf ga.ll of Pemphigus 1mmunis on PopuZus sp. Fig. 8. Leaf gall of ProciphiZus aZniJoZiae. caryae on Lonic61'o, sp. Fig. 9. Leaf gall of Thecabius affi,nis on Ranunculus sp. Fig. 10. Leaf gall of Eriosoma ulmi on Ulmuz ap. GHOSH et al: Galls of Pemphiginae 323 first seven species besides an unidentified 5. Elongated finger like, reddish Pemphigus, (no description of gall of silJh1tncu green, on dorsa.l surface of leaf, nea.r midrib or on Zatus is available) and excludes last 4 species, lllargin, chamber opens vent because of lack of sufficient report (8, 11 fron1 rally through a minute pore. Afghanisth~n) or description (9, 10 from On P. ciliata; Northwest Pakistan); however detailed description of Himalaya and Sikkim galls of spyrothecae Passerini, and fJesica1'iu8 (Fig. 5) E pipemphig'u8 imaicus Passerini are available in Roberti (1938). (Oholoc1kovsky). Never finger shaped as above; Galls on Populus spp. very large sac like or pyriform gall on branches, hard, 1. Closed galls~ on stem. 2 smooth, with ostiole at apex, 4 On lea.ves. and corrugated at the edges; 2. Roundish or irregular, sessile, 25-50 mm long. On P. euph shining green, variegated 'I'atica; Kashlnir Himalaya with yellow or brown spots, (Fig. 7) Pemphigus distinctly veined, 25-75 mm, imm'ltnis Buckton on P. ciliata, P. nigra; Darkot B. On Lonicera sp. Pass in N. W. Himalaya Gall formed by folding of (Fig. 1). Pem:phigus na:p- entire leaf blade, forming, aem Buckton. somewhat elliptical, irregular Galls never veined as a.bove shaped structure. On Lon,cera 3 q'l"nguelocularis; Himaohal Pradesh, (Fig. 8) P'I'ociphilus 3. SubspbericaJ or pyriform, alnifolZiae caryae sessile, usually, solitary, Baker & Davidson yellow or yellowish green" c. On Syringa sp. smooth ,walled, 10-30 mm in Gall hypophyllous formed by diameter with a large gall lI simple leaf folding, appearing chamber. On P. ciliata; Kum as a closed, marginal, tubular aon Hima.laya to Kashmir structure. On Syringa emodi; (Fig. 2). Pemphigus Uttar Pradesh Prociphilus moravilkoi xylostei (de Geer) Cholodkovsky Subspherical" smooth, small, D. On Rananculus sp. sessile, lateral, 1-2 per branch, Simple hypophylous (rarely 5-7 mm in diameter, much epiphyllous) lea.f folding to smaller than of mordvilkoi on form a closed tubular mar P. ciZiata; N. W. Himalaya ginal gall ; Uttar Pradesh (Fig. 3). Pe'mphigus (Fig. 9) 'P/tr;cabius affinis nainitaZensis (KItb.) Cholodkovsky E. On unidentified Plant 4. On dorsal surface, at leaf Irregular globose, lobed, with base, reddish green, cystolith rugose surface, thick walled, patterned. On Populus ciliata with a large gall cavi ty, Eas- (Fig. 4). Pemphigus sp. tern Himalaya (Fig. 6) ... Pe'mphig,lts indicu8 N ever on leaf base as above ... 5 Keiffer 324 Bulletin of the Zoological ,9urvey of India O·2mm A D -Q 3 3 t O·5mm '\ ! \ ~ r \ \ r ..... ,.-," oj "'- T t r ! / ! r \ c E ~[3 13 Fig. 13. KaltBnbechiella carpinicola sp. nov., alate viviparous female; A. ahtenn8t, B. wings, C. posterior part of abdomen, D. second joint of hind tarsuB, E. ultimate rostra.l segment. II. Tribe Eriosomatini known to form galls on Ulmus in the region, A. On Ulmus spp. of which five have been keyed below; of the Four species of UZmus are known to grow remaining species, no. description of galls of in Indian region between 1700-2000 m. of S. indica Hille Ris Lambers and T. polychaeta which Ulmus villosa aQ.d wallichiana appear Hille Ris Lambers is avaUable; galls of to be more common. Eight species of lanugino8um have been described from Europe Eriosomatini (of Pemphiginae) (Table 3) are by Hartig (1841). GHOSH et al : GaUs of Pe'ntphiginae 325 Galls on Ulmus spp. Epiphyllous, conical, short, bladder like, greenish not 1. Simple leaf gall, without less than 4-5 on single leaf, complex architecture, with a on Ulmus sp. ; Uttar Pradesh folding to form a closed tubu (Fig. 12) Totraneu'ra lar marginal hypophyllous nigriabdominalis structure. On· Ulmus mon- (Sasaki) tana; N. W. India. .. E'1'iosoma l'ho6nax l\{ordvilko B. On Carpinus sp. Leaf gall, witb complex· alchi A new aphid species of K alten,baolltiella tecture 2 viz. J(altenbaehiella carpinicola sp. nov. has 2.· Gall twisted, spiral, formed been collected frOOl open galls on leaf blades, of leaf folding or epiphyllous 3 appearing as swollen cup-shaped pouch or ca vity, surrounded by thick leaf tissue. Gall bladder like 5 Description of the new species is given below. 3. Large, epiphyllous, of various shape, ovoid, clavate, some times laterally compressed and lop sided with a short narrow neck, rugose, reddish brown, pubescent on innr'r wall; On Ulmu.s sp. Afgbani stan ErioSO'I11ta lanugino8Um (Hartig) Galls spiral, twisted, never as above 4: 4. Elliptical hard spiral gall with an elongate slit like opening on one side; leaf margin ventrally folded. On Ulm'U,s waZZichiana; N.