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Caracterización Morfologica Y Fenologica in Situ De Granadilla

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Caracterización Morfologica Y Fenologica in Situ De Granadilla UNIVERSIDAD DE SAN C ARLOS DE GUATEMALA FACULTAD DE AGRONOMÍA ÁREA INTEGRADA TRABAJO DE GRADUACIÓN CARACTERIZACIÓN MORF OLÓGICA Y FENOLÓGICA “IN SITU” DE CULTIVARES DE GRANAD ILLA (PASSIFLORA LIGULARI S JUSS.) EN EL TRANSECTO DE LA COMU NIDAD SAQUITACA J HASTA EL CASERÍO PAXCABALCHÉ, EN EL M UNICIPIO DE SAN JOSÉ POAQUIL, CHIMALTENANGO, GUATE MALA, C.A. GUSTAVO ROMERO ERAZO GUATEMALA, MARZO 2012 UNIVERSIDAD DE SAN C ARLOS DE GUATEMALA FACULTAD DE AGRONOMÍ A ÁREA INTEGRADA CARACTERIZACIÓN MORF OLÓGICA Y FENOLÓGICA “IN SITU” DE CULTIVARES DE GRANAD ILLA (PASSIFLORA LIGULARIS JUSS .) EN EL TRANSECTO DE LA COMU NIDAD SAQUITACAJ HAS TA EL CASERÍ O PAXCABALCHÉ, EN EL M UNICIPIO DE SAN JOSÉ POAQUIL, CHIMALTENANGO, GUATE MALA, C.A. PRESENTADO A LA HON ORAB LE JUNTA DIRECTIVA D E LA FACULTAD DE AGRONOMÍA DE LA UNIV ERSIDAD DE SAN CARLO S DE GUATEMALA POR GUSTAVO ROMERO ERAZO EN EL ACTO DE INVEST IDURA COMO INGENIERO AGRÓNOMO EN SISTEMAS DE PRODUCCI ÓN AGRÍCOLA EN EL GRADO DE LICENCIADO GUATEMALA, MARZO 2012 UNIVERSIDAD DE SAN CARLOS DE GUATEMALA FACULTAD DE AGRONOMÍA RECTOR MAGNÍFICO LIC. CARLOS ESTUARDO GALVEZ BARRIOS JUNTA DIRECTIVA DE LA FACULTAD DE AGRONOMIA DECANO Dr. Lauriano Figueroa Quiñonez VOCAL PRIMERO Dr. Ariel Abderramá n O rtí z López VOCAL SEGUNDO Ing. Agr. MSc. Marino Barrientos García VOCAL TERCERO Ing. Agr. MSc. Oscar René Leiva Ruano VOCAL CUARTO Br. Lorena Carolina Flores Pineda VOCAL QUINTO P. Agr. Josué Antonio Martínez Roque SECRETARIO Ing. Agr. Carlos Roberto Echev erría Escobedo Guatemala, marzo de 2012 Guatemala marzo del 2012 Honorable Junta Directiva Honorable Tribunal Examinador Facultad de Agronomía Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala Honorables miembros: De conformidad con las normas establecidas por la Ley Orgánica de la Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, tengo el honor de someter a vuestra consideración, el trabajo de Graduación titulado: CARACTERIZACIÓN MORFOLÓGICA Y FENOLÓGICA "IN SITU" DE CULTIVARES DE GRANADILLA (PASSIFLORA LIGULARIS JUSS.) EN EL TRANSECTO DE LA COMUNIDAD SAQUITACAJ HASTA EL CASERÍO PAXCABALCHÉ, EN EL MUNICIPIO DE SAN JOSE POAQUIL, DEPARTAMENTO DE CHIMALTENANGO, GUATEMALA, C.A. Como requisito previo a optar al título de Ingeniero Agrónomo en Sistemas de Producción Agrícola, en el grado académico de Licenciado. Esperando que el mismo llene los requisitos necesarios para su aprobación, me es grato suscribirme, Atentamente, “ID Y ENSEÑAD A TODOS” Gustavo Romero Erazo ACTO QUE DEDICO A A mis Abuelas. Rosario Gonzalez y María Luisa Caravantes. Chayito, que me enseño el amor al campo y Wichita, que me demostró que no importa cuando, pero lo importante es llegar a la meta. Mis Padres, Noemi Erazo y Gustavo Romero, por nunca dejar de creer en mí y apoyarme siempre. La mitad de lo que soy o más es por ustedes. Mis hermanos, Eunice y Roberto, cómplices de por vida. TRABAJO DE GRADUACIÓN QUE DEDICO A Mi esposa y mis hijas, Beatriz, Adriana y Paula, Son mi inspiración en cualquier proyecto que emprendo. AGRADECIMIENTOS Ing. Agr. Vicente Martínez, sin su ayuda y apoyo este trabajo no tendría explicación. A mis compañeros de estudio, Por haber compartido muchas experiencias académicas y extracurriculares, y que seguimos juntos en la carrera de la vida. A todos los maestros y catedráticos que en algún momento de mi carrera educativa, desde párvulos hasta este instante, aportaron a su manera un poco de todo lo que he aprendido. i ÍNDICE GENERAL Contenido Página 1. CAPÍTULO I Diagnóstico Rural Participativo de la comunidad de Paxcabalché, en el municipio de San José Poaquil, departamento de Chimaltenango, Guatemala, C.A. ----------------------------------------------------------------- 1 1.1 PRESENTACIÓN ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 1.2 MARCO REFERENCIAL ------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 1.3 OBJETIVOS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 1.3.1 General ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 1.3.2 Específicos -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 1.4 METODOLOGÍA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8 1.5 RESULTADOS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11 1.5.1 Agricultura -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11 1.5.2 Vivienda y Trabajo --------------------------------------------------------------------- 15 1.5.3 Componente Pecuario ---------------------------------------------------------------- 16 1.5.4 Actividades en el hogar --------------------------------------------------------------- 17 1.5.5 Salud -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19 1.5.6 Educación -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 20 1.5.7 Servicios y Organización ------------------------------------------------------------- 20 1.5.8 Priorización de problemas ----------------------------------------------------------- 21 1.6 CONCLUSIONES---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 23 1.7 RECOMENDACIONES -------------------------------------------------------------------- 24 1.8 BIBLIOGRAFÍA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 25 CAPÍTULO II Caracterización morfológica y fenológica “in situ” de cultivares de granadilla (Passiflora ligularis Juss.) en el transecto de la comunidad Saquitacaj hasta el caserío Paxcabalché, en el municipio de San José Poaquil, Chimaltenango, Guatemala, C.A. ---------------------------------------------------------------- 27 2.1 PRESENTACIÓN ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 29 2.2 INTRODUCCIÓN ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 31 2.3 PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA -------------------------------------------------- 33 2.4 MARCO TEÓRICO -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 35 2.4.1 Marco conceptual ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 35 2.4.2 Marco referencial ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 48 2.5 OBJETIVOS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 51 2.5.1 General ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 51 2.5.2 Específicos ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 51 2.6 HIPÓTESIS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 52 2.6.1 Hipotesis 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 52 2.6.2 Hipotesis 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 52 ii Contenido Página 2.7 METODOLOGÍA ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 53 2.7.1 Determinación del área. -------------------------------------------------------------- 53 2.7.2 Para la selección de la muestra ---------------------------------------------------- 53 2.7.3 Descriptor -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 53 2.7.4 Caracterizaciones ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 53 2.7.5 Toma y procesamiento de datos --------------------------------------------------- 59 2.8 RESULTADOS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 60 2.8.1 Caracterización morfológica --------------------------------------------------------- 60 2.8.2 Caracterización manejo y comercialización ------------------------------------- 62 2.8.3 Descripción Fenológica --------------------------------------------------------------- 65 2.8.4 Plan de manejo para granadilla ---------------------------------------------------- 66 2.9 CONCLUSIONES --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 68 2.10 RECOMENDACIONES ------------------------------------------------------------------ 69 2.11 BIBLIOGRAFÍA ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 70 2.12 APÉNDICES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 71 2.12.1 Boleta para determinación de manejo actual de la Granadilla (Passiflora ligularis Juss.) en e l transecto de Saquitacaj a Paxcabalché. --- 71 2.12.2 Descriptor para las características de Passiflora ------------------------------ 75 CAPÍTULO III INFORME DE SERVICIOS ejecutados en el caserío Paxcabalché, en el municipio de San José Poaquil, Chimaltenango, Guatemala, C.A. ---------- 79 3.1 PRESENTACIÓN ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 81 3.2 SERVICIOS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 82 3.2.1 Capacitación en aspectos técnicos de manejo, de cultivos existentes, y de componente pecuarioen la comunidad del Caserío Paxcabalché --------------- 82 3.2.2 Asistencia técnica en los cultivos establecidos y del componente pecuario en el área, antes y luego de la capacitación --------------------------------- 85 3.2.3 Rediseño del enfoque de trabajo y planificación de la Asociación ADIKAN bajo enfoque LEAP ------------------------------------------------------------------ 89 iii ÍNDICE DE FIGURAS Contenido Página Figura 1. Mapa del departamento de Chimaltenango con el municipio de San José
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