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Lesson 15: Induction Motor Testing: Lock-Rotor and No-Load Tests

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Lesson 15: Induction Motor Testing: Lock-Rotor and No-Load Tests 3/24/2021 Lesson 15: Induction Motor Testing: Lock-Rotor and No-load Tests ET 332b Ac Motors, Generators and Power Systems Lesson 15_et332b.pptx 1 Learning Objectives After this presentation you will be able to: Conduct locked rotor tests on 3-phase induction motors Conduct no-load tests on 3-phase induction motors Use measurements from lock rotor and no-load tests to find motor circuit parameters Lesson 15_et332b.pptx 2 1 3/24/2021 Finding Induction Motor Parameters Dc Test - finds R1, the stator conductor resistance Procedure: 1.) Apply dc voltage to stator 2.) Adjust dc source until rated current flows Formulas R dc For wye connected stator R1 Vdc 2 R dc Idc For delta connected stator R1 1.5R dc Lesson 15_et332b.pptx 3 Finding Induction Motor Parameters Locked rotor test - finds the rotor parameters (R2, x2) and stator reactance (x1) . Locked-Rotor Test Procedure 1.) connect ammeters wattmeters and voltmeters as shown above 2.) mechanically lock the motor rotor 3.) adjust the supply voltage until rated current flows 4.) measure V P and I (line-to-line voltage, line current and total active power) Recommended practice is to perform test at 25% rated f (15 Hz) Minimizes errors due to saturation (X's) and skin effects (R's) Lesson 15_et332b.pptx 4 2 3/24/2021 Per Phase Circuit Model For Lock-Rotor Test Finds rotor resistance R2 and rotor and stator leakage reactances x1 and x2 Define Test Quantities Calculations IBR15 = blocked rotor test current (15 Hz) Find total impedance at 15 Hz P = blocked rotor test power (15 Hz) BR15 V V = blocked rotor voltage (15 Hz) BR15 BR15 ZBR15 IBR15 PT PBR15 3 R BR15 R1 R 2 P BR15 Find rotor R R 2 R BR15 R1 R BR15 2 IBR15 Lesson 15_et332b.pptx 5 Locked-Rotor Test Calculations Find the rotor and stator leakage reactances from locked rotor resistance and reactance 2 2 XBR15 ZBR15 R BR15 60 Hz Change to 60 Hz XBR60 XBR15 15 Hz XBR 60 x1 x 2 Divide the leakage reactances based on the NEMA design types. Use the following table. Design A, D B C Wound Type Rotor x1 0.5∙XBR60 0.4∙XBR60 0.3∙XBR60 0.5∙XBR60 x2 0.5∙XBR60 0.6∙XBR60 0.7∙XBR60 0.5∙XBR60 Lesson 15_et332b.pptx 6 3 3/24/2021 Induction Motor No-Load Test No-load Test - Finds magnetizing reactance and combined friction, core and windage power losses. No-Load Test Procedure 1.) Apply rated voltage and frequency with no mechanical load. 2.) Measure current voltage and power. 3.) Uses same test instrument setup as locked-rotor test. Measure IL, VL and PT. Model for No-load test Since IM >>> Ife it is neglected in this test so Rfe omitted Measure PNL = No-load power losses INL = No-load current VNL = No-load voltage Lesson 15_et332b.pptx 7 Induction Motor No-Load Test Formulas Find apparent and reactive power into unloaded motor SNL VNL INL 2 2 QNL SNL PNL Use reactive power to find total reactance QNL XNL 2 INL No-load reactance is the sum of the magnetizing reactance and stator leakage XNL x1 xM xM XNL x1 2 Use no-load power to find PNL INL R1 Pcore Pstray rotational losses Lesson 15_et332b.pptx 8 4 3/24/2021 Example 15-1: Following data is taken from no-load, locked rotor, and DC tests of a 3-phase, wye connected 40 HP, 60 Hz, 460 V, induction motor with a rated current of 57.8 A. The locked-rotor test is made at 15 Hz to minimize the errors due to saturation and skin effects. Determine the motor parameters and the total core, friction and windage losses. Draw the approximate equivalent circuit for the motor Lock-rotor No-load DC Test Vline = 36.2 V 460.0 V Vdc = 12.0 V Iline = 58.0 A 32.7 A Idc = 59.0 A PT = 2573.4 W PT = 4664.4 W Lesson 15_et332b.pptx 9 Example 15-1 Solution (1) Convert line voltages, currents and total power to per phase quantities Lesson 15_et332b.pptx 10 5 3/24/2021 Example 15-1 Solution (2) For a wye connected motor Stator winding resistance Lesson 15_et332b.pptx 11 Example 15-1 Solution (3) Use locked-rotor test values to find rotor resistance, R1 and stator/rotor leakage reactance x1, x2 Find the rotor resistance Lesson 15_et332b.pptx 12 6 3/24/2021 Example 15-1 Solution (4) Now find XBR at test frequency of 15 Hz Convert this result to 60 Hz Lesson 15_et332b.pptx 13 Example 15-1 Solution (5) Now find Xm and power losses from no-load test data Lesson 15_et332b.pptx 14 7 3/24/2021 Example 15-1 Solution (6) Need to find x1 and x2 to find the xm value. Assume the motor is NEMA design B Lesson 15_et332b.pptx 15 Approximate Equivalent Circuit 0.1020 Ω j0.4073 Ω j0.6110 Ω 0.1530/s Ω Omit Rfe j7.58 Ω Lesson 15_et332b.pptx 16 8 3/24/2021 ET 332b Ac Motors, Generators and Power Systems END LESSON 15: INDUCTION MOTOR TESTING: LOCK-ROTOR AND NO-LOAD TESTS Lesson 15_et332b.pptx 17 9 .
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