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Opportunities of International Cooperation in Relocating the New Capital of Indonesia

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Opportunities of International Cooperation in Relocating the New Capital of Indonesia INTERDEPENDENCE JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL STUDIES Volume 01 Tahun 2020 Opportunities of International Cooperation in Relocating the New Capital of Indonesia Dadang Ilham Kurniawan Mujiono1, Uni W. Sagena2 1.2 Department of International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences of Mulawarman University ([email protected] 2. [email protected]) Submitted: May 7th, 2020; accepted: June 1st, 2020 ABSTRACT Relocation plan of the new capital city of Indonesia is the agenda of every president of Indonesia. However, only in President Joko Widodo, the plan to relocate the capital started implementing seriously. Such as decided East Kalimantan province as the location of the new capital city, creation of timeline projects and conducted design competition of the new capital city. This research paper focuses on the discussion of opportunities for international cooperation in the project of the new capital city of Indonesia. The type of research is a predictive descriptive which describes the plan for transferring of the new capital city and predicts international cooperation that will occur based on the exposure of news during the transfer project began to be implemented. Then, the data used is secondary data derived from the journal, presentation documents and reliable news of both print and electronic media. The results of this study show that the international cooperation opportunities in the new capital city's project are enormous, and actors are involved not only from the state but multi actors. Keywords: Indonesia's new capital city, International Cooperation, Multi Actor ABSTRAK Rencana pemindahan Ibu Kota Negara (IKN) Indonesia merupakan agenda setiap Presiden Republik Indonesia. Namun hanya di era Presiden Joko Widodo, rencana ini mulai diimplementasikan dengan sungguh-sungguh. Di antaranya telah ditentukannya Provinsi Kalimantan Timur sebagai lokasi IKN, pembuatan target pelaksanaan proyek dan sayembara rancang gambar IKN baru. Penelitian ini berfokus pada pembahasan melihat peluang kerjasama internasional dalam pembangunan IKN baru Indonesia. Adapun jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif prediktif yakni mendeskripsikan rencana pemindahan IKN dan memprediksikan potensi kerjasama internasional yang akan terjadi berdasarkan pada sumber-sumber berita resmi dan diskusi selama rencana proyek pemindahan IKN ini mulai dilaksanakan. Adapun data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yang berasal dari jurnal, dokumen presentasi dan berita-berita terpercaya baik media cetak dan elektronik. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa peluang kerjasama internasional dalam proyek pemindahan IKN sangatlah besar yang bersifat multisektor dan multiaktor Kata Kunci: IKN, Kerjasama Internasional, Multi Aktor Interdependence: Journal of International Studies 1 INTRODUCTION Bogor-Depok-Tangerang-Bekasi-Puncak- As a country, Indonesia is comprising Cianjur) categorized as the highest in 17.504 of islands (inhabited and uninhabited) Indonesia, which is 10.277.628 and (Lewerisa, 2018) and followed by the 32.775.966, respectively; 6. A decline in the shoreline covers 95.181 kilometres square. environmental capacity that results in Therefore, Indonesia recognized as the economic loss. Such as 1). Risky of Flood; 2). second-largest coastline in the world Land subsidence and sea-level rise; 3). 96% of (Pujiastuti, 2018). Also categorized as an the river in Jakarta is heavily polluted; 4). The archipelago country and hosting the 4th worst congestion due to the lack of organized largest population in the world after China, public transportation, and cause economic India, and the USA. There are five major disadvantage followed by loss of more than islands in Indonesia which is Kalimantan, Rp 56 Trillion per year (Kementerian Sulawesi, Java, Sumatera, and Papua. Since PPN/Bappenas, 2019). Java appointed as the location of the capital According to unfortunate aspects of city of Indonesia, precisely in Jakarta, Java Jakarta, The 7th President of Indonesia Joko becomes the most populated island in Widodo announced his plan to move the Indonesia. As the capital of Indonesia since capital of Indonesia somewhere in Kalimantan 1945, Jakarta considered as the most Island. This plan declared when he delivered sophisticated city in Indonesia, where the his state speech for celebrating Indonesia cutting-edge facilities and infrastructure can independent day on August 16, 2019, in be seen in this city, and one of them is Mass Parliament Buildings. In preparing this plan, Rapid Transportation (MRT). Concerning the President Widodo was trying to embrace as people, a citizen of Jakarta also considered as many friends as possible especially to his very modern people in terms of education and political rivals such as Gerindra Party, PAN the way of life. and Demokrat Party, for the sake of securing However, Jakarta is also experiencing the plan and pass the initiative in parliament. a problematic situation. Such as On August 26, 2019, President Joko environmental degradation, congestion and Widodo finally released his plan to move the crime. In more details, according to the capital in East Kalimantan province, precisely Minister of National Development Planning in the Regency of Penajam Paser Utara (PPU) of the Republic of Indonesia, Java island in and Sub-District of Samboja, part of Regency general and Jakarta in specific has numerous of Kutai Kartanegara (Kukar). Furthermore, problem that needs to be fixed as soon as there are five reasons President Widodo possible. For instance: 1. Approximately 57% decided to select this area, as follows: of the total population of Indonesia is 1. Low risk of natural disasters, such as flood, concentrated in Java, while other reagents in earthquake, tsunami, forest fire, and landslide; Indonesia only have less than 10% of the total 2. Both locations considered as a very strategic population in Indonesia, except Sumatera area, and if drawn from a coordinate point, the Island; 2. Economic Contribution to National place is located precisely in the centre of Indonesia territory; GDP, which is 58.49% came from Java Island, 3. The place located nearby the existing city the share of Jabodetabek (Jakarta-Bogor- which already have well developed public Depok-Tangerang-Bekasi) GRDP to National infrastructure, which is Balikpapan and GDP 20.85%; 3. Java Island, especially Samarinda; Jakarta and East Java, are experience clean 4. In association with the public infrastructure water crisis; 4. The conversion of land in Java such as harbour, airport, and highway, this Island become the biggest in Indonesia. In place is nearby that public infrastructure; and other words, almost every area in Java already 5. About the land ownership, throughout being used for multi-purposes; 5. The rise of Indonesia, only PPU and Samboja where all urbanization in Java Island, precisely in the land ownership owned by the Government Jakarta and Jabodetabekpunjur (Jakarta- of Indonesia, which up to 180.000 hectares (Ihsanuddin, 2019). Interdependence: Journal of International Studies INTERDEPENDENCE JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL STUDIES Volume 01 Tahun 2020 Additionally, Minister of National has finally moved its capital. One of these Development Planning, believed, that the reasons is related to a geographic situation relocation will create massive benefit in terms where the old capital of Kazakhstan, Almaty, of economic zones, such as growing trade was located in the zone of intense seismic activity in the new capital, as well as among activity and predicted that devastating the province in Indonesia (outside of Java earthquakes would occur within decades. Island). He also adds, that more than 50% of Moreover, the mountain of Zailiiskii Indonesia territory will experience this Alatau is preventing urban expansion to the positive effect which will accelerate the trade South and the East of the country, which flow if the new capital moved to the area resulted in a freeze of the economic prospect. which has functional connectivity to other Schatz also cites to official statements of parts of Indonesia area. Kazakhstan, that the same mountains also Furthermore, relocation of the new becomes the barrier of the fresh air, so it capital to the outside of Java Island will also trapped airborne contaminants and resulted encourage more investment in the new capital moderate to severe air pollution in the old and other neighbour provinces. Also, this plan capital city. Similar to Schatz, Nazarbajew will generate more output with the non- (2007) argues in his research paper, that the traditional sector, especially the public decision to relocate and build the new capital service, such as 1). Real estate; 2). General city outside of Almaty would cost cheaper government; 3). Education sector; 4). Health than remains in the old capital. His service; 5). Restaurant; 6). Hotel; 7). Other argumentation is due to the geographical services, such as tourism. condition of Almaty, which has previously In implementing this ambitious mentioned by Schatz. Nazarbayev believes, project, President Widodo has invited build the new capital in highly seismic numerous foreign investors, countries, and geographic condition would cost much international figures to invest their money and money. ideas to build the new capital city of Myanmar's relocation of the new Indonesia. capital is also attracting a lot of authors and On this study, the authors seek to researchers to find out how this country has examine opportunities for international finally moved its capital. Despite the cooperation
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