Cultural Notes – Unit 3 (Dr. Hero's Biography) Surabaya Is Indonesia's

Cultural notes – Unit 3 (Dr. Hero’s Biography) Surabaya is Indonesia's second-largest city with a population of over 3.1 million and the capital of the East Java province. It is known as "the city of heroes" where the Battle of Surabaya for Indonesian independence during the Indonesian National Revolution took place. The Battle of Surabaya, is one of the most important battles of the Indonesian revolution. The battle, which cost thousands of lives, took place on November 10, 1945 which Indonesians subsequently celebrate as Heroes' Day (Hari Pahlawan). The incident first happened when a revolutionary youth torn the red-white-blue flag (the Dutch national flag) to red-white flag (the Indonesian flag) at the top of Yamato Hotel's (previously named as Oranye Hotel and now is called as Majapahit Hotel ) and he was shot dead by the Dutch. Bandung is the capital of West Java province, located about 180 kilometres southeast of Jakarta. It is the third largest city in Indonesia. It lies768 metres (2,520 ft) above sea level. Bandung has cooler temperatures year-round than most other Indonesian cities. The city lies on a river basin surrounded by volcanic mountains. The population is 2.4 million. The Dutch colonials first established tea plantations around the mountains in the eighteenth century, and a road was constructed to connect the plantation area to the capital. Since 1906 Bandung gradually developed itself into a resort city for plantation owners. Luxurious hotels, restaurants, cafes and European boutiques were opened, hence the city was nicknamed Parijs van Java (Dutch: "The Paris of Java"). The oldest government Universities are University of Padjadjaran (Unpad) and Institute of Technology Bandung (ITB). There are some other big private universities such as University of Parahiyangan and Maranatha University. Gedung sate is the iconic building of Bandung. It is a neo-classical building mixed with native elements. It was housed Dutch East Indies department of Transport, Public Works and Water Management. Now it becomes the governor's office of the West Java province. It was built in 1920 by Dutch architect J. Gerber. Gedung sate, is a nickname that translates literally to 'satay building', which refers to the shape of the building's central pinnacle resembles the shape of Indonesian traditional dish called satay. Jakarta is officially known as the Special Capital Region of Jakarta ( Daerah Khusus Ibu Kota Jakarta). It is the capital of Republic Indonesia and the largest city of Indonesia. Located on the northwest coast of Java, Jakarta is the country's economic, cultural and political centre, with a population of more than 10 million people. It is the most populous city in Indonesia and in Southeast Asia, and is the thirteenth most populated city in the world. Jakarta has grown more rapidly than Kuala Lumpur, Beijing and Bangkok. Established in the fourth century, the city became an important trading port for the Kingdom of Sunda. It thebecamethe capital of the Dutch East Indies (known as Batavia) and has continued as the capital of Indonesia since the country's independence in 1945. Jakarta is a home to a number of universities, of which the University of Indonesia is the largest. It is a state-owned university with campuses in Salemba and Depok. The roots of UI dated back to 1851 when the Dutch East Indies established a school to train medical assistants. By 1950, UI was a multi-campus university, with various faculties in Jakarta (Medicine, Law, and Letters), Bogor (Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine), Bandung (Engineering, Mathematics and Natural Sciences), Surabaya (Medicine and Dentistry), and Makassar (Economics). The Surabaya campus became the University of Airlangga in 1954. In the following year, the Makassar campus became the University of Hasanuddin. In 1959, the Bandung campus became the Bandung Institute of Technology. The School for Physical Education, which was also in Bandung, became part of Padjadjaran University in 1960. In 1964, the Bogor campus became the Bogor Agricultural Institute and the Faculty of Education in Jakarta became the State University of Jakarta. By 1965, UI consisted of three campuses, all in Jakarta: Salemba (Medicine, Dentistry, Economics, Engineering, Science and the Graduate School), Rawamangun (Letters, Law, Social Science and Psychology) and Pegangsaan (Public Health and parts of Medicine). The Salemba campus, located in Central Jakarta, is dedicated mostly to the faculties of Medicine and Dentistry. It adjoins the Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital (RSCM) as well as the University Dental Hospital. It houses parts of the postgraduate program, the Faculty of Law (Master of Law Science and Law Science Doctoral Program), and Faculty of Economics . Jakarta is also home to other private universities. Some major private universities located in Jakarta are: Trisakti University, Tarumanagara University, Atma Jaya University, Pelita Harapan University and Bina Nusantara University. Taman Monas (Monas Park) or Taman Medan Merdeka (Medan Merdeka Park) is a huge square where the symbol of Jakarta, Monas or Monumen Nasional (National Monument) is located. The enormous space was created by Dutch Governor General Herman Willem Daendels (1810) and was originally named Koningsplein (Kings Square). On 10 January 1993, President Soeharto initiated action for the beautification of the square. Several features in the square are a deer park and 33 trees that represents the 33 provinces of Indonesia. .

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