A Framework for Delineating Channel Migration Zones
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RIVERINE EROSION HAZARD AREAS Mapping Feasibility Study
FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY TECHNICAL SERVICES DIVISION HAZARDS STUDY BRANCH RIVERINE EROSION HAZARD AREAS Mapping Feasibility Study September 1999 FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY TECHNICAL SERVICES DIVISION HAZARDS STUDY BRANCH RIVERINE EROSION HAZARD AREAS Mapping Feasibility Study September 1999 Cover: House hanging 18 feet over the Clark Fork River in Sanders County, Montana, after the river eroded its bank in May 1997. Photograph by Michael Gallacher. Table of Contents Report Preparation........................................................................................xi Acknowledgments.........................................................................................xii Executive Summary......................................................................................xiv 1. Introduction........................................................................................1 1.1. Description of the Problem...........................................................................................................1 1.2. Legislative History.........................................................................................................................1 1.2.1. National Flood Insurance Act (NFIA), 1968 .......................................................................3 1.2.2. Flood Disaster Act of 1973 ...............................................................................................4 1.2.3. Upton-Jones Amendment, 1988........................................................................................4 -
Red River: the Northern Border of Texas!
“From Palo Duro Canyon outside Amarillo Texas The prairie dog town fork of the Red River flows Headed cross the plains along the coast of Oklahoma To the Mississippi River and the Gulf of Mexico” Red River by Guy Clark Red River: The northern Border of Texas! By Wm Davey Edwards, PhD Texas & Oklahoma Professional Land Surveyor Texas Licensed State Land Surveyor US Federal Land Surveyor Edwards Surveying, LLC Decatur, Texas Red River Boundary between Texas and Oklahoma South bank of the Red River in July 2015 the day after a rain. Objectives • Natural Boundaries • Accretion, Erosion, and Avulsion • BLM Claims • Conclusion Natural Boundaries for International Borders Adams – Onís Treaty of 1819 • Sabine, Red, and Arkansas Rivers • begin on the Gulf of Mexico, at the mouth of the River Sabine in the Sea, continuing North, along the Western Bank of that River, to the 32d degree of Latitude; thence by a Line due North to the degree of Latitude, where it strikes the Rio Roxo of Natchitoches, or Red-River, then following the course of the Rio-Roxo Westward to the degree of Longitude, 100 West from London and 23 from Washington, then crossing the said Red-River, and running thence by a Line due North to the River Arkansas, thence, following the Course of the Southern bank of the Arkansas to its source in Latitude, 42. North and thence by that parallel of Latitude to the South-Sea Caroline C. Stafford v. Adam C. King • SUPREME COURT OF TEXAS, 30 Tex. 257, April, 1867 Natural objects are mountains, lakes, rivers, creeks, rocks, and the like; artificial objects are marked trees, stakes, mounds, etc., constructed by others or the surveyor, and called for in the field- notes, and they should be inserted in the patent. -
Lesson 4: Sediment Deposition and River Structures
LESSON 4: SEDIMENT DEPOSITION AND RIVER STRUCTURES ESSENTIAL QUESTION: What combination of factors both natural and manmade is necessary for healthy river restoration and how does this enhance the sustainability of natural and human communities? GUIDING QUESTION: As rivers age and slow they deposit sediment and form sediment structures, how are sediments and sediment structures important to the river ecosystem? OVERVIEW: The focus of this lesson is the deposition and erosional effects of slow-moving water in low gradient areas. These “mature rivers” with decreasing gradient result in the settling and deposition of sediments and the formation sediment structures. The river’s fast-flowing zone, the thalweg, causes erosion of the river banks forming cliffs called cut-banks. On slower inside turns, sediment is deposited as point-bars. Where the gradient is particularly level, the river will branch into many separate channels that weave in and out, leaving gravel bar islands. Where two meanders meet, the river will straighten, leaving oxbow lakes in the former meander bends. TIME: One class period MATERIALS: . Lesson 4- Sediment Deposition and River Structures.pptx . Lesson 4a- Sediment Deposition and River Structures.pdf . StreamTable.pptx . StreamTable.pdf . Mass Wasting and Flash Floods.pptx . Mass Wasting and Flash Floods.pdf . Stream Table . Sand . Reflection Journal Pages (printable handout) . Vocabulary Notes (printable handout) PROCEDURE: 1. Review Essential Question and introduce Guiding Question. 2. Hand out first Reflection Journal page and have students take a minute to consider and respond to the questions then discuss responses and questions generated. 3. Handout and go over the Vocabulary Notes. Students will define the vocabulary words as they watch the PowerPoint Lesson. -
Geomorphic Classification of Rivers
9.36 Geomorphic Classification of Rivers JM Buffington, U.S. Forest Service, Boise, ID, USA DR Montgomery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Published by Elsevier Inc. 9.36.1 Introduction 730 9.36.2 Purpose of Classification 730 9.36.3 Types of Channel Classification 731 9.36.3.1 Stream Order 731 9.36.3.2 Process Domains 732 9.36.3.3 Channel Pattern 732 9.36.3.4 Channel–Floodplain Interactions 735 9.36.3.5 Bed Material and Mobility 737 9.36.3.6 Channel Units 739 9.36.3.7 Hierarchical Classifications 739 9.36.3.8 Statistical Classifications 745 9.36.4 Use and Compatibility of Channel Classifications 745 9.36.5 The Rise and Fall of Classifications: Why Are Some Channel Classifications More Used Than Others? 747 9.36.6 Future Needs and Directions 753 9.36.6.1 Standardization and Sample Size 753 9.36.6.2 Remote Sensing 754 9.36.7 Conclusion 755 Acknowledgements 756 References 756 Appendix 762 9.36.1 Introduction 9.36.2 Purpose of Classification Over the last several decades, environmental legislation and a A basic tenet in geomorphology is that ‘form implies process.’As growing awareness of historical human disturbance to rivers such, numerous geomorphic classifications have been de- worldwide (Schumm, 1977; Collins et al., 2003; Surian and veloped for landscapes (Davis, 1899), hillslopes (Varnes, 1958), Rinaldi, 2003; Nilsson et al., 2005; Chin, 2006; Walter and and rivers (Section 9.36.3). The form–process paradigm is a Merritts, 2008) have fostered unprecedented collaboration potentially powerful tool for conducting quantitative geo- among scientists, land managers, and stakeholders to better morphic investigations. -
Seasonal Flooding Affects Habitat and Landscape Dynamics of a Gravel
Seasonal flooding affects habitat and landscape dynamics of a gravel-bed river floodplain Katelyn P. Driscoll1,2,5 and F. Richard Hauer1,3,4,6 1Systems Ecology Graduate Program, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812 USA 2Rocky Mountain Research Station, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87102 USA 3Flathead Lake Biological Station, University of Montana, Polson, Montana 59806 USA 4Montana Institute on Ecosystems, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812 USA Abstract: Floodplains are comprised of aquatic and terrestrial habitats that are reshaped frequently by hydrologic processes that operate at multiple spatial and temporal scales. It is well established that hydrologic and geomorphic dynamics are the primary drivers of habitat change in river floodplains over extended time periods. However, the effect of fluctuating discharge on floodplain habitat structure during seasonal flooding is less well understood. We collected ultra-high resolution digital multispectral imagery of a gravel-bed river floodplain in western Montana on 6 dates during a typical seasonal flood pulse and used it to quantify changes in habitat abundance and diversity as- sociated with annual flooding. We observed significant changes in areal abundance of many habitat types, such as riffles, runs, shallow shorelines, and overbank flow. However, the relative abundance of some habitats, such as back- waters, springbrooks, pools, and ponds, changed very little. We also examined habitat transition patterns through- out the flood pulse. Few habitat transitions occurred in the main channel, which was dominated by riffle and run habitat. In contrast, in the near-channel, scoured habitats of the floodplain were dominated by cobble bars at low flows but transitioned to isolated flood channels at moderate discharge. -
Timescale Dependence in River Channel Migration Measurements
TIMESCALE DEPENDENCE IN RIVER CHANNEL MIGRATION MEASUREMENTS Abstract: Accurately measuring river meander migration over time is critical for sediment budgets and understanding how rivers respond to changes in hydrology or sediment supply. However, estimates of meander migration rates or streambank contributions to sediment budgets using repeat aerial imagery, maps, or topographic data will be underestimated without proper accounting for channel reversal. Furthermore, comparing channel planform adjustment measured over dissimilar timescales are biased because shortand long-term measurements are disproportionately affected by temporary rate variability, long-term hiatuses, and channel reversals. We evaluate the role of timescale dependence for the Root River, a single threaded meandering sand- and gravel-bedded river in southeastern Minnesota, USA, with 76 years of aerial photographs spanning an era of landscape changes that have drastically altered flows. Empirical data and results from a statistical river migration model both confirm a temporal measurement-scale dependence, illustrated by systematic underestimations (2–15% at 50 years) and convergence of migration rates measured over sufficiently long timescales (> 40 years). Frequency of channel reversals exerts primary control on measurement bias for longer time intervals by erasing the record of observable migration. We conclude that using long-term measurements of channel migration for sediment remobilization projections, streambank contributions to sediment budgets, sediment flux estimates, and perceptions of fluvial change will necessarily underestimate such calculations. Introduction Fundamental concepts and motivations Measuring river meander migration rates from historical aerial images is useful for developing a predictive understanding of channel and floodplain evolution (Lauer & Parker, 2008; Crosato, 2009; Braudrick et al., 2009; Parker et al., 2011), bedrock incision and strath terrace formation (C. -
Variable Hydrologic and Geomorphic Responses to Intentional Levee Breaches Along the Lower Cosumnes River, California
Received: 21 April 2016 Revised: 29 March 2017 Accepted: 30 March 2017 DOI: 10.1002/rra.3159 RESEARCH ARTICLE Not all breaks are equal: Variable hydrologic and geomorphic responses to intentional levee breaches along the lower Cosumnes River, California A. L. Nichols1 | J. H. Viers1,2 1 Center for Watershed Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA Abstract 2 School of Engineering, University of The transport of water and sediment from rivers to adjacent floodplains helps generate complex California, Merced, California, USA floodplain, wetland, and riparian ecosystems. However, riverside levees restrict lateral connectiv- Correspondence ity of water and sediment during flood pulses, making the re‐introduction of floodplain hydrogeo- A. L. Nichols, Center for Watershed Sciences, morphic processes through intentional levee breaching and removal an emerging floodplain University of California, Davis, California, USA. restoration practice. Repeated topographic observations from levee breach sites along the lower Email: [email protected] Cosumnes River (USA) indicated that breach architecture influences floodplain and channel hydrogeomorphic processes. Where narrow breaches (<75 m) open onto graded floodplains, Funding information California Department of Fish and Wildlife archetypal crevasse splays developed along a single dominant flowpath, with floodplain erosion (CDFW) Ecosystem Restoration Program in near‐bank areas and lobate splay deposition in distal floodplain regions. Narrow breaches (ERP), Grant/Award Number: E1120001; The opening into excavated floodplain channels promoted both transverse advection and turbulent Nature Concervancy (TNC); Consumnes River Preserve diffusion of sediment into the floodplain channel, facilitating near‐bank deposition and potential breach closure. Wide breaches (>250 m) enabled multiple modes of water and sediment transport onto graded floodplains. -
Topic 12 – Shaping the Earth Vocabulary
Topic 12 – Shaping the Earth Vocabulary Abrasion – physical action of scraping, rubbing, grinding or wearing away rock material Chemical weathering – the process of using natural chemical reactions to break down rock Cut bank – Outside bend in a stream where the water velocity is fastest and erosion is the greatest. Delta – the region of a stream mouth where sediment is deposited as it flows into a large body of water in graded beds of largest to smallest particles Deposition – the process where sediment is dropped out of the stream current and builds into layers Drumlin – a glacial feature that is created as a glacier flows. The blunt end shows the direction of flow Erosion – the removal of sediment and weather material from rock Glacier – a mass of ice that flows due to gravity Kettle lake – a small round lake that is formed when a large chunk of glacial ice creates a depression in the Earth’s surface and melts Landscape – regions on Earth’s surface with similar surface feature such as mountains, plains and plateaus Mass movement – the movement of large quantities of earth materials due to gravity, includes landslides, mudslides, rock slides and soil creep Meander – the curve or bend of a stream channel Moraine – a large ridge, pile or sheet of unsorted sediment deposited by a glacier Outwash plain – a glacial feature of sorted layered sediment as the result of the glacier melting Physical weathering – the mechanical breakdown of rock material at the earth’s surface into smaller pieces Point bar – Opposite the cut bank in a stream where the velocity is slowest and deposition is the greatest. -
Montana State Parks Guide Reservations for Camping and Other Accommodations: Toll Free: 1-855-922-6768 Stateparks.Mt.Gov
For more information about Montana State Parks: 406-444-3750 TDD: 406-444-1200 website: stateparks.mt.gov P.O. Box 200701 • Helena, MT 59620-0701 Montana State Parks Guide Reservations for camping and other accommodations: Toll Free: 1-855-922-6768 stateparks.mt.gov For general travel information: 1-800-VISIT-MT (1-800-847-4868) www.visitmt.com Join us on Twitter, Facebook & Instagram If you need emergency assistance, call 911. To report vandalism or other park violations, call 1-800-TIP-MONT (1-800-847-6668). Your call can be anonymous. You may be eligible for a reward. Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks strives to ensure its programs, sites and facilities are accessible to all people, including those with disabilities. To learn more, or to request accommodations, call 406-444-3750. Cover photo by Jason Savage Photography Lewis and Clark portrait reproductions courtesy of Independence National Historic Park Library, Philadelphia, PA. This document was produced by Montana Fish Wildlife & Parks and was printed at state expense. Information on the cost of this publication can be obtained by contacting Montana State Parks. Printed on Recycled Paper © 2018 Montana State Parks MSP Brochure Cover 15.indd 1 7/13/2018 9:40:43 AM 1 Whitefish Lake 6 15 24 33 First Peoples Buffalo Jump* 42 Tongue River Reservoir Logan BeTableaverta ilof Hill Contents Lewis & Clark Caverns Les Mason* 7 16 25 34 43 Thompson Falls Fort3-9 Owen*Historical Sites 28. VisitorMadison Centers, Buff Camping,alo Ju mp* Giant Springs* Medicine Rocks Whitefish Lake 8 Fish Creek 17 Granite11-15 *Nature Parks 26DisabledMissouri Access Headw ibility aters 35 Ackley Lake 44 Pirogue Island* WATERTON-GLACIER INTERNATIONAL 2 Lone Pine* PEACE PARK9 Council Grove* 18 Lost Creek 27 Elkhorn* 36 Greycliff Prairie Dog Town* 45 Makoshika Y a WHITEFISH < 16-23 Water-based Recreation 29. -
The Spatial Distribution of Bed Sediment on Fluvial System: a Mini Review of the Aceh Meandering River
Aceh Int. J. Sci. Technol., 5(2): 82-87 August 2016 doi: 10.13170/aijst.5.2.4932 Aceh International Journal of Science and Technology ISSN: 2088-9860 Journal homepage: http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/aijst The Spatial Distribution of Bed Sediment on Fluvial System: A Mini Review of the Aceh Meandering River Muhammad Irham Faculty of Marine and Fisheries Science, University of Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia. Corresponding author, email: [email protected] Received : 2 August 2016 Accepted : 28 August 2016 Online : 31 August2016 Abstract - Dynamic interactions of hydrological and geomorphological processes in the fluvial system result in accumulated deposit on the bed because the capacity to carry sediment has been exceeded. The bed load of the Aceh fluvial system is primarily generated by mechanical weathering resulting in boulders, pebbles, and sand, which roll or bounce along the river bed forming temporary deposits as bars on the insides of meander bends, as a result of a loss of transport energy in the system. This dynamic controls the style and range of deposits in the Aceh River. This study focuses on the spatial distribution of bed-load transport of the Aceh River. Understanding the spatial distribution of deposits facilitates the reconstruction of the changes in controlling factors during accumulation of deposits. One of the methods can be done by sieve analysis of sediment, where the method illuminates the distribution of sediment changes associate with channel morphology under different flow regimes. Hence, the purpose of this mini review is to investigate how the sediment along the river meander spatially dispersed. -
Delineation of the Dungeness River Channel Migration Zone
Delineation of the Dungeness River Channel Migration Zone River Mouth to Canyon Creek Byron Rot Pam Edens Jamestown S’Klallam Tribe October 1, 2008 Acknowledgements This report was greatly improved from comments given by Patricia Olson, Department of Ecology, Tim Abbe, Entrix Corp, Joel Freudenthal, Yakima County Public Works, Bob Martin, Clallam County Emergency Services, and Randy Johnson, Jamestown S'Klallam Tribe. This project was not directly funded as a specific grant, but as one of many tribal tasks through the federal Pacific Coastal Salmon fund. We thank the federal government for their support of salmon recovery. Cover: Roof of house from Kinkade Island in January 2002 flood (Reach 6), large CMZ between Hwy 101 and RR Bridge (Reach 4, April 2007), and Dungeness River Channel Migration Zone map, Reach 6. ii Table of Contents Introduction………………………………………………………….1 Legal requirement for CMZ’s……………………………………….1 Terminology used in this report……………………………………..2 Geologic setting…………………………………………………......4 Dungeness flooding history…………………………………………5 Data sources………………………………………………………....6 Sources of error and report limitations……………………………...7 Geomorphic reach delineation………………………………………8 CMZ delineation methods and results………………………………8 CMZ description by geomorphic reach…………………………….12 Conclusion………………………………………………………….18 Literature cited……………………………………………………...19 iii Introduction The Dungeness River flows north 30 miles and drops 3800 feet from the Olympic Mountains to the Strait of Juan de Fuca. The upper watershed south of river mile (RM) 10 lies entirely within private and state timberlands, federal national forests, and the Olympic National Park. Development is concentrated along the lower 10 miles, where the river flows through relatively steep (i.e. gradients up to 1%), glacial and glaciomarine deposits (Drost 1983, BOR 2002). -
PDF of Montana
USDA Farm Service Agency - Montana Office Directory Montana FSA State Office | P.O. Box 670 | Bozeman, MT 59771 | Phone: 406.587.6872 State Executive Director Mike Foster | www.fsa.usda.gov/mt | Fax: 855.546.0264 FSA Service Center Offices (Listed by County/Reservation) Phone # Fax # Beaverhead 420 Barrett Street, Dillon, MT 59725 406/683-3830 855/556-1258 Big Horn, Crow Reservation, 724 West Third, Hardin, MT 59034 406/665-3442 855/556-1457 Northern Cheyenne Reservation Blaine, Fort PO Box 307, 228 Ohio, Chinook, MT 59523 406/357-2320 855/546-0388 Belknap Reservation Ft. Belknap Service Center, 158 Tribal Way, Harlem, MT 59526 406/353-8526 855/546-0388 Broadwater 415 South Front Street, Townsend, MT 59644 406/266-4253 855/575-2506 PO Box 509, 606 W Front Street, Joliet, MT 59041- Carbon 406/962-3300 855/558-5641 0136 Carter PO Box 5, 308 S. Mormon Ave., Ekalaka, MT 59324 406/775-6355 855/556-1271 Cascade 12 3rd St NW, Suite 300, Great Falls, MT 59404 406/727-7580 866/609-8434 PO Box 309, 1210 25th Street, Fort Benton, Chouteau 406/622-5401 855/556-1450 MT 59442-0309 Custer 3120 Valley Drive East, Miles City, MT 59301-5599 406/232-7905 855/558-5665 Daniels 131 B Highway 5 East, Scobey, MT 59263 406/487-5366 855/575-2501 Dawson 102 Fir Street, Glendive, MT 59330-3196 406/377-5566 855/556-1455 1002 Hollenback Road, Suite B, Deer Lodge, Deer Lodge 406/846-2337 855-547-5750 MT 59722 PO Box 1516, 141 South 4th Street West, Baker, Fallon 406/778-2238 855-510-7029 MT 59313-1516 Fergus 211 McKinley St., Suite 2, Lewistown, MT 59457 406/538-3489 855/558-5654 Flathead 133 Interstate LN, Kalispell, MT 59901-2877 406/752-4242 855/558-5653 Gallatin 3710 W.