University of Kentucky College of Agriculture, Food and Environment AR-130 Agricultural Experiment Station

The Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station 130th Annual Report 2017

Agricultural Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center | Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory | Division of Regulatory Services | Research and Education Center Experiment Station Robinson Forest | Robinson Center for Appalachian Resource Sustainability | University of Kentucky Superfund Research Center | Equine Programs

To His Excellency The Honorable Andy Beshear Governor of Kentucky

I herewith submit the one hundred and thirtieth annual report of the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station for the period ending December 31, 2017. This is done in accordance with an act of Congress, approved March 2, 1887, titled “An act to establish Agricultural Experiment Stations, in connection with the Agricultural Colleges established in the several states under the provisions of an act approved July 2, 1862, and under the acts supplementary thereto,” and also the act of the Kentucky State Legislature, approved February 20, 1888, accepting the provisions of the act of Congress.

Very respectfully,

Rick Bennett Associate Dean for Research Director, Agricultural Experiment Station Lexington, Kentucky

Lexington, Kentucky

May 20, 2021 Experiment Station–Affiliated Departments and Centers Agricultural Economics Animal and Food Sciences Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Community and Leadership Development Dietetics and Human Nutrition Entomology Family Sciences Forestry Horticulture Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center Landscape Architecture Plant and Soil Sciences Plant Pathology Regulatory Services Retailing and Tourism Management Robinson Center for Appalachian Resource Sustainability UK Research and Education Center at Princeton UK Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory USDA Agricultural Research Service Forage Animal Production Research Unit Veterinary Science Contents

Purpose of the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station...... 7 Statewide Research...... 7 Unit Reports Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center...... 8 Regulatory Services...... 9 Robinson Center for Appalachian Resource Sustainability...... 11 UK Research and Education Center at Princeton...... 14 UK Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory...... 16 Departmental Reports Agricultural Economics...... 27 Animal and Food Sciences...... 27 Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering...... 28 Community and Leadership Development...... 29 Dietetics and Human Nutrition...... 30 Entomology...... 31 Family Sciences...... 34 Forestry and Natural Resources...... 34 Horticulture...... 35 Human Environmental Sciences...... 35 Landscape Architecture...... 36 Plant and Soil Sciences...... 36 Plant Pathology...... 37 Retailing and Tourism Management...... 37 Veterinary Science...... 38 Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station Projects...... 39 Collegewide Extramural Funding...... 40 Intellectual Property...... 45 Publications...... 45 Graduate Degrees...... 64 Financial Statement...... 66 Staff...... 67 Departments...... 68

Purpose of the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station

The University of Kentucky, the state’s flagship land-grant nutrition, community development, soil and water resources, institution, is responsible for serving the people of the Com- bioenergy, and the environment. monwealth of Kentucky. The College of Agriculture, with its Experiment station research spans both basic and applied research, teaching, and extension activities, has developed a sciences. The ability of Kentucky producers to be competitive structure and organization to provide the mandated land-grant in domestic and world markets requires an expanded base of services in agriculture and related areas. knowledge in emerging areas of research applicable to agricul- As the research arm of the College of Agriculture, the Ken- ture, food, and natural resources. This annual report lists experi- tucky Agricultural Experiment Station has been providing ment station research projects and publications completed dur- research results to farmers and rural residents for more than ing 2017. The research programs of the Kentucky Agricultural 130 years. The continued progress of Kentucky agriculture at- Experiment Station have benefited Kentucky’s agriculture over tests to the benefits of applying new knowledge and technology. the past century, and the results of present and future research College researchers also have successfully addressed problems will continue to serve Kentucky’s primary industry. of agribusiness, consumers, international trade, food processing,

Statewide Research

In 2017, research activities of the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station were conducted at Lexington, Princeton, Quicksand, and Owenton and in counties throughout the state. Efforts are constantly made to ensure that the research studies have application to the problems of all Kentucky farmers and other clientele groups. Locations of the experimental facilities provide conditions representative of most sections of the state. Map Position 1 • Campus—Laboratories and specialized equipment for all re- search program areas Map Position 3 • Coldstream–Maine Chance–Spindletop Farms—Dairy cattle, Robinson Center for Appala- poultry, and horses; forages and grain crops, tobacco, hemp, • At Quicksand (Breathitt County), the chian Resource Sustainability and turf is the location of research on fruits • Horticulture Research Farm—Fruits, vegetables, and ornamentals, and vegetables, ornamentals, forages, grain crops, tobacco, including organic production and wood utilization. Quicksand is also the headquarters of • UK Animal Research Center (Woodford County)—Purchased Robinson Forest, which spreads over parts of Breathitt, Perry, in late 1991 as a location for development of state-of-the-art and Knott counties and is the site of forestry and watershed food animal (beef cattle, sheep, and swine) research programs management research. Map Position 2 Map Position 4 Eden Shale Farm • The Research and Education Center facilities and the West Kentucky • At the (Owen County near Owenton), run as Substation Farm (Caldwell County) are devoted to research on a public-private partnership with the Kentucky Cattleman’s grain crops, beef cattle, fruits, ornamentals and vegetables, Association, demonstration studies are conducted on beef forages, and tobacco. management.

7 Unit Reports Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center

The mission of the Kentucky Tobacco each of these projects/programs can be • CIG-2017B–Elements 1-2: Proficien- Research and Development Center found in the KTRDC annual report for cy test for TPM, nicotine, CO, water, (KTRDC) is to utilize plant-based tech- 2016. NFDPM (tar), puff count, and physical nologies to benefit Kentucky agriculture. KTRDC has considerable resources parameters. The physical properties The focus is on the use of science, includ- and infrastructure dedicated to analyz- of the test material included cigarette ing molecular biology, genomics, plant ing tobacco and tobacco products. Much resistance to draw (pressure drop open), genetic engineering, plant breeding/field of the support for this research effort cigarette resistance to draw (pressure research, and other advanced technolo- comes from two cooperative agreements drop closed), filter pressure drop (fully gies to improve agricultural production between KTRDC and the FDA Center for encapsulated), total ventilation, filter for the benefit of Kentucky farmers. The Tobacco Products, totaling over $15 mil- ventilation, tobacco weight, cigarette program focuses on applied research in lion. These funds have been utilized to es- weight, air permeability, firmness, cir- support of Kentucky tobacco production, tablish the Center for Tobacco Reference cumference, length–cigarette, length– the enhancement of tobacco and other Products (CTRP) within KTRDC. The filter plug, and length–tipping paper. Nicotiana species as a production system CTRP provides reference tobacco prod- • CIG-2017C–Elements 3-6: Proficien- for plant-based products (including phar- ucts as standards for tobacco and tobacco cy test for NNK (4-(methylnitrosamino)- maceuticals and industrial materials), and product analyses. CTRP research focuses 1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone, NNN (N- discovering new plant natural products on constituent measurement and method nitrosonornicotine), NAT (N-nitroso- with potential for commercialization. The development. The reference products are anatabine), NAB (N-nitrosoanabasine), program includes resources devoted to a necessary tool for measuring and report- and BaP (Benzo[α]pyrene), TPM, puff research on industrial hemp, including va- ing constituents as required by the Family count, and physical parameters. The riety evaluation and production research. Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control physical properties of the test material KTRDC research facilities include Act and are sold to the tobacco research included cigarette resistance to draw field plots, laboratories, greenhouses, community throughout the world. As part (pressure drop open), cigarette resis- and contained growth facilities for plant of our research program, the CTRP has tance to draw (pressure drop closed), breeding, plant analysis, disease screen- initiated a proficiency testing program filter pressure drop (fully encapsulated), ing, and genetic engineering research. to validate constituent measurement total ventilation, filter ventilation, The goal is to utilize these resources to by laboratories and to help establish ac- tobacco weight, cigarette weight, air preserve and strengthen agriculture cepted methods for measuring physical permeability, firmness, circumference, in Kentucky, and in particular tobacco and chemical properties of tobacco and length–cigarette, length–filter plug, and agriculture. The KTRDC program em- tobacco products. Seven rounds of profi- length–tipping paper. phasizes applications-oriented research ciency testing have been completed, with Research Activities designed to facilitate the development of three rounds conducted in 2017. KTRDC Projects new crop-based businesses and technolo- In 2017, the KTRDC/CTRP laboratory gies for Kentucky agriculture. analyzed 4,620 tobacco samples, 1,387 • Production and Development of High Research Program fescue samples, and 173 industrial hemp and Low Converter Burley Tobacco samples in support of various research Seed The KTRDC research program is projects. In addition, the proficiency test- • Production and Development of High comprised of seven fully supported in- ing program conducted three proficiency Converter Dark Tobacco Seed house research programs and six research testing rounds with participation by • Preliminary Testing of the TN 90 Al- programs that are housed in the KTRDC tobacco analytical labs from around the kaloid Series building and receive partial KTRDC sup- world. The proficiency testing included: • Investigation Into TN 90H and LA port. Within KTRDC, there is expertise • CIG-2017A–Elements 12-13: Profi- Burley 21 Offtypes on plant breeding, the development of ciency test for formaldehyde, acetalde- • Preliminary Testing of Low Alkaloid molecular markers, applied field research, hyde, acetone, acrolein, propionalde- Burley and Flue-Cured Lines plant genomics, plant genetic engineer- hyde, crotonaldehyde, 2-butanone, n- • Evaluation of the Efficacy of HP400 in ing, and tobacco analytical research. butyraldehyde, puff count, and physical Reducing TSNAs KTRDC supported 49 specific research parameters. The physical properties of • The Effects of Pre-Harvest Quercetin projects/programs in 2017. In addition, the test material included resistance to Application on the Accumulation of KTRDC offers a competitive grants draw, total ventilation, filter ventilation, Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamines program that encourages and supports pressure drop (closed), tobacco weight, • The Effects of Cytokinin Application on research collaborations. Thirteen research cigarette weight, air permeability, firm- the Accumulation of Tobacco-Specific projects were funded through this pro- ness, circumference, length–cigarette, Nitrosamines gram, totaling $100,000 in direct support. length–filter plug, and length–tipping • Sample Preparation for TSNA Analysis Progress reports and research results for paper. • Effect of Seeding Rate on Harvestable

8 Components of Industrial Hemp and • Preliminary Research: Field Trial of • The Effect of Forced Air During Air- Varieties Genetically Engineered Tobacco Lines Curing of Burley Tobacco on TSNAs • Varieties and Production Practices to Capable of High Oil Accumulation for • Characterization of Trichoderma In- Maximize Nicotine to be Utilized in Biofuel Applications duced Systemic Resistance in Tobacco Emerging Tobacco Products • Determination of Optimal Industrial • Enhancing Burley Tobacco Production • Genomic Mapping and Nucleotide Hemp Varieties for Kentucky Farmers Labor Efficiency Variation in Nicotiana Benthamiana • Determination of the Enantiomers of • Optimizing the Integration of Annual • Characterization of Small RNA Mol- Nicotine and Nornicotine in Cured Forages into Tobacco Systems ecules in Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus- Tobacco Leaf • The Effects of Cytokinin Application on Resistant Tobacco Plants Expressing • Development of Tobacco Plants with the Accumulation of Tobacco-Specific Gene-Silencing Constructs that Target Ultralow Alkaloid Content by Targeted Nitrosamines Specific TSWV Genes Mutation of Structural Genes Involving • Sample Preparation for TSNA Analysis • KTRDC Analytical Laboratory Nicotine Biosynthesis • Accumulation of Benzo[α]Pyrene and • Development of Recombinant Inbred • Enhancing Capability of KTRDC in TSNAs During Fire-Curing Lines (RILs) Population to Identify Performing Analysis of Chemical • Accumulation of Benzo-α-Pyrene and Molecular Markers in Marker-Assisted Constituents in Raw Tobacco, Cigarette TSNAs During Fire-Curing Selection (MAS) for Tobacco Breeding Filler and Mainstream Smoke • Varieties and Production Practices to • Accelerated Storage Stability Testing • Frogeye Leaf Spot Management Programs Maximize Nicotine to be Utilized in and Analysis of Metals in Tobacco Evaluated Under Pressure from a Reduced- Emerging Tobacco Products Reference Products Sensitivity Pathogen Population • Effects of Seed Size and Seed Coating • Effects of a Chemical Suckercide on • Interactions Between Algae and Py- on Germination, Emergence, Establish- Tobacco Gene Expression thium spp. in Tobacco Transplants ment, and Seedling Vigor in Industrial Faculty Research Support • Evaluation of the Efficacy of HP400 in Hemp Reducing TSNAs • The DNA Sequence of the Burley To- • Hormone and Stress Regulation of • The Effects of Pre-Harvest Quercetin bacco Genome Tobacco Growth Application on the Accumulation of • Improving Tobacco Water-Use Ef- Summit and Externally Funded Projects Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamines ficiency Through Manipulation of • The Effect of Genetically Reduced Al- • Suppression of Black Shank Disease Stomatal Density kaloids on TSNA Accumulation in Burley Tobacco by Treatment of • Elucidation of Variation in Conversion • The Effect on TSNAs of Stick Spacing Transplant Water with Sclareol, Dur- of Nicotine to Nornicotine within To- in the Barn ing Setting bacco Varieties • Impact of the Absence (Genetic Knock- • Suppression of Axillary Buds Forma- • Development of SNP-Based Molecular down) of Cembratriene-Diols from tion Through Manipulation of the Markers Linked to NlRPT, a Dominant the Surface of Tobacco Leaves on the Branched1 Gene in Tobacco Gene for Blue Mold Resistance in Nico- Disease Development and Insect In- • Development of Early Maturing Black tiana Langsdorffii festation in the Field Shank Resistant Burley Tobacco Va- • Production of Foundation Seed and rieties Maintenance of LC Standards Regulatory Services

The Division of Regulatory Services is Feed, fertilizer, and seed are monitored verify reports, records, and fee payments. committed to consumer protection and from ingredients through manufacturing One additional inspector is dedicated to service to Kentucky citizens, businesses, and retail channels for compliance. Label the milk program for auditing payment and industries. Our regulatory programs review and product and facility inspec- records and monitoring activities of monitor and analyze feed, fertilizer, milk, tions as well as product sampling by our sampler-weighers, handlers, lab person- and seed products; and our milk, seed, inspectors and analysis in our laboratories nel, and lab facilities. and soil service programs are all admin- are important steps in this process. Raw The activities in the division are per- istered using a cooperative, science-based milk is monitored during marketing (1) to formed by a dedicated and professional staff approach. ensure accurate and equitable exchange that conduct laboratory analyses, provide The division administers four state laws between dairy producers and processors; administrative and computer support, pro- pertaining to ingredients, manufacturing, and (2) to ensure integrity of milk from cess data, and compile reports in addition processing, labeling, and marketing of farm to processor. to various other duties necessary to carry feed, fertilizer, seed, and raw milk. Our Eight regulatory inspectors and one out and administer effective programs. primary objectives are to protect consum- auditor cover the state collecting samples, Feed Regulatory Program ers of these products from poor-quality inspecting facilities, reviewing labels, and and mislabeled or misrepresented prod- auditing records. Audits of sales and fee The feed regulatory program provides ucts, and to protect businesses marketing payments are conducted on feed, fertil- consumer protection for livestock feed these products from unfair competition. izer, seed, and milk firms in Kentucky to and pet food according to provisions of

9 the Kentucky Commercial Feed Law. The major focus of our division with 1,385 Highlights program ensures safety, suitability, and pet food samples collected in 2017. • Conducted 1,070 visits to perform quality of animal feed in producing meat, • Unofficial samples included 104 service inspections and to sample agricultural, milk, and eggs for human consumption samples provided by Kentucky con- lawn, turf, and garden fertilizer at Ken- and products for companion animals. sumers, feed dealers, or manufacturers tucky processing, wholesale, and retail The program also provides standards of and were analyzed at no charge by our locations quality, safety, efficacy, and labeling for laboratory to answer a question or ad- • Administered actions on 2,623 official feed products. A statewide inspection, dress a complaint. and 9 unofficial samples of fertilizer in- sampling, and laboratory analysis pro- • Other unofficial samples included 25 volving more than 6,950 chemical tests gram monitors feed ingredients and feed feed samples from quality control pro- • Issued stop-sale orders on 206 official products, including pet food. Feed labels grams, 16 university research samples, fertilizer samples, which resulted in are evaluated to identify purpose of feed, and 8 samples provided by other state penalties of more than $81,000 that guaranteed composition, ingredient list, regulatory programs. were reimbursed back to famers or feeding directions, and the need for any • Our laboratory used 45 different ap- discounted at the time of sale warning or caution statements. A strong proved analytical methods in providing • The official samples represented about feed regulatory program not only pro- results. 50,896 tons out of the approximately vides the consumer with safe and effective • Under our contract with FDA for 1,039,790 tons of fertilizer distributed products but supports a level playing field the 2016–2017 fiscal year, inspectors in Kentucky during 2017, or about 4.89 for Kentucky businesses. conducted a total of 79 inspections percent The feed program participates in food for compliance with the ruminant- • Reviewed labels and registered over safety efforts that promote consumer to-ruminant feed ban, including 28 5,500 products from 450 firms and confidence in the nation’s food supply. inspections of medicated feed mills for issued licenses to 187 companies that We work cooperatively with the U.S. compliance with current good manu- manufactured custom-blended fertil- Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in facturing practices. This FDA contract izers assessing compliance with the ruminant- brings approximately $50,000 annually • Analyzed laboratory check sample to-ruminant feeding ban to prevent any to the division. materials from Magruder®, UAN, and establishment or amplification of bovine • At the end of 2017, over 20,000 feed AFPC spongiform encephalopathy (BSE, or products were registered for sale in • Provided support for 15 different ana- “mad cow disease”). Since September Kentucky and 1,336 registered feed lytical methods that yield results for 28 2016, Kentucky has been a national leader manufacturers were offering feed prod- analytes and contaminants in the Animal Feed Regulatory Program ucts for sale in the state. Standards (AFRPS) initiative, a joint ef- Substantiated cash receivables from Our program is partially supported by fort by the American Association of Feed fertilizer reports. The income from regis- income from inspection fees and product Control Officials (AAFCO) and the FDA tration fees, inspection fees, and licenses registration. During the period of July 1, to help build a more robust integrated received from July 1, 2016, to June 30, 2016, to June 30, 2017, total income for the food safety system by concentrating on 2017, was $781,241. Fertilizer products feed program was $1,303,336.89. Inspec- regulation of animal feed production. are assessed an inspection fee of 50 cents tion fees are assessed at $0.35/ton, and This cooperative agreement will bring per ton. annual registration of $50.00 is collected $3,000,000 into the division and the uni- for products sold exclusively in packages Milk Regulatory Program versity over the next five years. of 10 or fewer pounds. The mission of the milk regulatory Highlights Fertilizer Regulatory Program program is to ensure that raw farm milk • Our division is responsible for regula- produced and marketed in Kentucky is The fertilizer regulatory program tion of a diverse state feed industry bought and sold using accurate weights ensures Kentucky farmers and urban con- that includes more than a thousand and tests. The program’s primary function sumers of quality fertilizer while promot- Kentucky businesses involved in the is to monitor milk-handling systems from ing fair and equitable competition among manufacture and/or distribution of the time a producer’s milk is sampled and fertilizer manufacturers and dealers animal feed. weighed, through delivery and labora- through inspection and analysis of prod- • Our inspectors conducted 1,061 official tory testing, until producer payments ucts found in the marketplace. The divi- inspections at Kentucky feed manufac- are calculated. The program provides sion, which administers and implements turers and dealers in 2017. support to the producers and processors the Kentucky Fertilizer Law, promotes • Our division processed 3,417 animal of Kentucky’s dairy industry. Industry compliance through facility inspections, feed samples and performed over participants are trained, licensed, and sampling, and analysis of fertilizer offered 34,000 lab analyses. Of these samples, subsequently monitored to maintain for sale. The law requires proper labeling 3,103 were classified as official samples compliance with the law. of fertilizer, which includes the grade and and product guarantees were compared In addition to regulatory functions, guaranteed analysis of nutrients. The divi- to lab analyses. the milk program cooperates with other sion is also responsible for maintaining • Pet food sampling continues to be a agencies in educational projects to pro- registration of fertilizer products.

10 vide a variety of services to Kentucky marketplace. The division, which ad- germination and seed counts; determines dairy producers, processors, and allied ministers and implements the Kentucky test weight; performs accelerated aging; industries. Our laboratory provides milk Seed Law, promotes compliance through conducts fluorescence testing on ryegrass; testing services to support research proj- facility inspections, sampling, and analysis determines moisture content; conducts ects within the college. The milk program of seed offered for sale. The law requires tetrazolium analysis; assesses herbicide also operates a laboratory that is available proper labeling of seed, which includes tolerance; determines presence of endo- for Kentucky producer, processor, and kind, variety, and lot designation, purity phyte; and conducts many other analyses. handler service testing and that cooper- percentages, noxious weeds, origin, test Our analysts keep abreast of changes ates with both USDA and FDA to provide date, and a germination guarantee. The through participation in regional and na- analytical services when the need arises. division is also responsible for maintain- tional referee testing with the Association Highlights ing registration of seed labelers, seed of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) and the conditioners, and seed dealers in the state. USDA Federal Seed Laboratory and by • Reviewed applications and issued Highlights attending special scheduled and regular licenses to 1 transfer station, 27 milk workshops at the AOSA annual meeting. handlers, 16 laboratories, 71 techni- • Conducted 940 visits to perform in- cians, and 290 sampler-weighers (milk- spections and to sample agricultural, Highlights haulers, receivers, and samplers) lawn, turf, and garden seeds at Ken- • Analyzed 2,489 service samples • Collaborated with Kentucky Cabinet tucky seed processing, wholesale, and • Collaborated with researchers to ana- for Health Services Milk Safety Branch retail locations lyze 76 seed samples to train sampler-weighers and proces- • Collected and tested 1,773 official seed • Collaborated with AOSA to analyze 28 sor receiving personnel. Trained and samples referee seed samples examined 38 sampler-weighers and 8 • Issued stop-sale orders on 285 official • Supported the equine and livestock technicians seed samples and 52 violative seed pasture management programs in ana- • Conducted 8 pay-record and 15 raw lots at seed dealer and seed processor lyzing 205 plant samples for endophyte milk receiving audits locations • Analyzed 29 hemp samples in accor- • Conducted 36 milk laboratory inspec- • Cooperated with the USDA-Seed dance with new KDA hemp program tions Branch regarding shipments of seed • Analyzed 31 seed samples under the • Conducted 307 sampler-weigher in- into the state that were in violation of provision that allows one free sample spections and analyzed milk samples the Federal Seed Act for testing each year from Kentucky from 1,832 dairy herds to evaluate • Reviewed and issued 218 permits to residents sampler-weigher performance and label agricultural seed and 57 permits Income derived from service samples ensure accurate producer payments to label vegetable and flower seed from July 1, 2016, to June 30, 2017, was • Administered a monthly milk lab • Registered 640 seed dealers and 31 $53,076.00. quality control check sample program non-certified custom seed conditioners through the distribution of samples to • Provided training to firms on labeling Soil Testing Laboratory the 16 licensed laboratories and 2 other requirements, retail sales procedures, Soil testing provides agricultural labs to ensure accurate component- stop sale release procedures, and record producers, homeowners, greenhouse analysis procedures keeping requirements operators, and others with valuable in- • Provided analyses for Kentucky small Substantiated cash receivables from formation on the fertility status of their processor cheese makers (43 samples) seed reports. The income from fees, per- soils or greenhouse media. The laboratory • Created bulk tank calibration charts, a mits, and licenses received from July 1, works in partnership with the University unique service, for 39 dairy producers, 2016, to Jun 30, 2017, was $346,797. Seed Cooperative Extension Service to provide including 15 Kentucky producers (at products are assessed at 8 to 24 cents per laboratory results and lime and fertilizer no charge) unit. recommendations. We also offer analyses of animal wastes and nutrient solutions The income from fees and licenses Seed Testing Laboratory received from July 1, 2016, to June 30, used to supply nutrients to agronomic 2017, was $151,163.95. Milk handlers The division maintains the only cer- and horticultural crops. The philosophy and producers are assessed at the rate of tified seed testing facility in Kentucky. behind our recommendations is to opti- one-half cent ($0.005) per hundredweight This facility handles all official samples mize economic benefit to the producer by of milk. collected by inspectors and provides ser- maximizing crop yield, minimizing input vice testing for seed producers, dealers, costs, and maintaining fertile soil. Seed Regulatory Program retailers, research projects, and home- In the laboratory-supported research The seed regulatory program ensures owners for a fee. More than 90 percent programs throughout the UK College of Kentucky farmers and urban consum- of the service samples accepted into the Agriculture, 6,483 samples were tested ers of quality seed while promoting fair laboratory were submitted by Kentucky at a cost of $112,000. Our analyses help and equitable competition among seed firms or individuals. support research that improves on infor- dealers and labelers through inspection The laboratory analyzes seed for purity; mation to benefit crop production and and analysis of products found in the identifies weed and crop seed; conducts environmental stewardship.

11 Soil samples analyzed and changes from The soil test website is at soils.rs.uky. laboratory to supply tailored limestone 2016. edu. The number of samples analyzed in recommendations based on the quarry % Type Number change 2017 with the percent change from 2016 the lime is coming from. In fall 2007, Agriculture 28,963 -12 is shown in the table. calcium and magnesium concentration in Home lawn and garden 9,893 7 Kentucky Department of lime was added to the analyses to provide Commercial horticulture 1,067 23 Agriculture Partnerships additional information to producers on Greenhouse media 115 117 nutrient inputs in their production. A Atrazine residue in soil 17 -11 Partnerships were developed with cooperative agreement was developed Animal waste 289 -26 Kentucky Department of Agriculture for for fiscal year 2017–2018 for $12,400. Nutrient solution 74 -13 testing agricultural limestone and hemp. Hemp testing began in July 2017 to Soil nitrate 30 -87 Testing limestone began in fall 2016 and support the state’s pilot program for hemp Research samples 6,483 -3 continued through 2017. Hemp testing production allowed by the 2015 Farm Bill. Total 46,931 -6 began in 2017. The psychoactive compound, THC, was Agricultural limestone was tested for analyzed to verify that the concentration relative neutralizing value, which is im- was below the allowed level of 0.399 per- The program received $266,707 in in- portant for producers to assess limestone cent. A total of 314 samples were tested. A come for service testing during the period quality from a quarry. The relative neu- cooperative agreement was developed for from July 1, 2016, to June 30, 2017. tralizing value is used in soil test reports payment to occur on a per-sample basis generated from the division's soil test for a total of $26,859 in 2017.

UK Research and Education Center at Princeton

The University of Kentucky Research interdisciplinary, applying the biologi- origins that are characteristic of soil and Education Center (UKREC) is an cal and social sciences to challenges in types throughout the state. Researchers integral part of the Kentucky Agricultural agricultural, food, and environmental conduct approximately 100 different Experiment Station and the Kentucky Co- systems. Our scholarship encompasses research/demonstration projects each operative Extension Service. The faculty human and natural resources and their year at the Experiment Station Farm or on and staff of the UKREC are dedicated to interaction. farms in Western Kentucky. Information sustaining the long heritage of meaningful As part of the University of Kentucky, derived from these projects or research impact and achievement by addressing the center: conducted elsewhere is delivered to farm- the rapidly changing issues and challenges • Facilitates life-long learning, informed ers, livestock producers, and the public associated with Kentucky agriculture and by scholarship and research through county offices of the Cooperative rural communities. The center’s vision is • Expands knowledge through creative Extension Service. Extension specialists to be recognized at the local, state, and research and discovery located at the center have expertise in a national level for excellence in agricultural • Serves Kentucky communities by wide variety of food and agriculture top- research, education, leadership, and ser- disseminating, sharing, and applying ics. vice to the Commonwealth. knowledge Crops such as corn, wheat, soybeans, Established in 1925, the West Kentucky tobacco, fruit, vegetables, and ornamen- The UKREC is the headquarters for Substation at Princeton has functioned tals are studied for ways to increase yields, more than 50 faculty and staff members as a center of agricultural activities in disease resistance, and profitability; im- representing seven academic depart- Western Kentucky. Great advancements prove handling and storage; protect the ments (Agricultural Economics, Animal have been made in Kentucky’s leading environment; and address other problems and Food Sciences, Biosystems and industry—agriculture—with considerable farmers may have. Research, demonstra- Agricultural Engineering, Entomology, progress being made in improving use and tions, and educational programs are also Horticulture, Plant and Soil Sciences, conservation resources, increasing yields conducted in the areas of beef and swine and Plant Pathology) and three units (Ag of crops and livestock, better manage- production. Agricultural engineering Communications Services, Research ment of capital and labor, expanding mar- specialists conduct research and educa- and Education Center, and Regulatory kets, and finding solutions for problems tional programs related to both crop and Services) in the college. Its faculty and facing rural people and communities. livestock production. staff conduct research, provide diagnostic Increased returns to Kentucky farmers Service laboratories located at the cen- testing services, and develop educa- and livestock producers total millions ter provide information needed to make tional programs on topics of concern to of dollars annually just from the use of management decisions in the following Kentucky farmers, livestock producers, new production technologies resulting areas: agribusinesses, and families. from research findings and educational • Soil testing enables farmers to develop The UKREC Experiment Station Farm programs of the College of Agriculture. nutrient management plans for grow- consists of almost 1,500 acres, including The University of Kentucky Research ing crops. soils of both sandstone and limestone and Education Center is fundamentally

12 • The plant disease diagnostic laboratory Animal and Food Sciences—Beef Cattle Forages helps identify plant health problems • Form of selenium on progesterone • Alfalfa variety test and provides recommendations for levels in cycling cows • Red clover variety test disease prevention and control. After • Long-term effects of form of selenium • Tall fescue variety test insect and plant pests are identified, on multigenerational physiological • Orchardgrass variety test specialists give advice on integrated capacity • Sorghum-sudangrass variety trial pest management strategies to control • Regulation of controllers of EAAC1 to • Pearl millet variety trial them. enable efficient nutrient metabolism • Sudangrass variety trial The following additional learning op- • Year-round mineral intake in beef cattle • Forage sorghum variety trial portunities and resources are provided Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering • Summer annual diversity study through the UKREC: • Kentucky Grazing School • Improving energy efficiency on Ken- • Kentucky Fencing School • The Rottering-Kuegel Agricultural Re- tucky farms search and Extension Building is avail- • Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference • Evaluation of a wood pellet heating • Kentucky Grazing Conference able to large and small groups for classes system for broiler houses and meetings in agriculture, home • Energy assessments for grain and live- Grain Crops economics, and 4-H. It is also used for stock farms • Applying late-season nitrogen to soy- a wide variety of meetings by govern- • Energy assessments for solar PV instal- bean with pivot irrigation systems in ment agencies, industry, and the public. lations western Kentucky Each year there are approximately 450 • Effect of aeration on pack factors for • Late season nitrogen for dryland soy- different meetings held in this building, corn and soybean during storage bean production attended by about 14,000 people, many • Collaborated with scientists and in- • Sulfur trials in winter wheat from other states and countries. dustry partners in Nigeria to reduce • Evaluation of ammonium thiosulfate • Commodity-specific and joint com- post-harvest grain losses during stor- for corn production modity field days showcase the work age at the farm and small-holder level • Understanding components to high of the UKREC and attract about 2,000 (bag storage in warehouses) and in silo yielding soybean people annually. Visitors observe complexes (bulk storage) • Phosphorus response trials: How does research, educational displays, and • Provided train-the-trainer programs spatial scale influence plant response? demonstrations representing work in Ghana to reduce post-harvest grain • Wheat field schools conducted at the center and throughout losses along the value chain • Barley variety trial the state. • Investigated drying and storage tech- • Intensive management of double-crop • Individuals and small groups are wel- nologies to reduce post-harvest losses soybean to maximize yield and profit- come to visit throughout the year to of grains in Ghana ability observe specific projects and talk with • Revised "Storage" chapter in Midwest • Hulless barley variety trial specialists. Plan Service Handbook on Grain Dry- • Soybean and wheat seed company Activities ing, Handling and Storage (MWPS-13) tours Agricultural Economics Entomology • Soybean variety trials • Provided current market situation and • Cereal rye and hybrid cereal rye agro- • Survey of exotic insects in soybean, nomic production studies outlook for corn, soybeans, and wheat orchards, vineyards, and nurseries • Analyzed pre-harvest and post-harvest • Agronomic studies to reduce vomitoxin • Using insect pheromone traps to pre- accumulation in wheat price risk management strategies for dict outbreaks of moths for field crops corn, soybeans, and wheat • Evaluation of grain harvest timing on • Survey of kudzu bugs in soybeans and wheat yield, profitability, and vomitoxin • Simulated multi-year benefits of crop kudzu plants insurance and price risk management accumulation • Survey of aphids and barley yellow • Evaluation and selection of early gen- on farm cash flow and financial ratios dwarf virus in wheat (collaborating with for a low-cost/low-debt farm and a eration wheat breeding material Carl Bradley) • Wheat variety trial high-cost/high-debt farm to demon- • Efficacy tests for soybean insecticide strate the benefit of risk management • Wheat vernalization and plant develop- seed treatments ment trial in preserving working capital and op- • Studying the dispersion of the brown erating credit • Developing model to predict winter marmorated stink bug in western wheat growth stage • Analyzed the effect of changes to crop Kentucky insurance subsidies to farm risk and • Winter wheat starter fertilizer trial • Identifying ambrosia beetles on nurs- • Winter wheat plant growth regulator returns and potential changes to crop eries (collaborating with Winston mix for 1,500-, 2,500-, and 5,000-acre trials Dunwell). • No-till wheat management grain farms • Management of the sugarcane aphid on • Simulated potential risk protection • Corn variety trial field, forage, and sweet sorghum. • Testing of wheat breeding lines provided by potential farm program in • Evaluation of slug damage in soybeans. advance of drafting the new farm bill • Wheat fusarium head blight nursery

13 Horticulture Plant Pathology • Presentations and/or lab tours were Sustainable Nursery/Landscape Research • Soybean fungicide, nematicide, and given to The Young Farmers Associa- • Integrated pest management (IPM) biological efficacy testing tion, 4-H leadership groups, extension monitoring (ambrosia beetle) • Corn fungicide and biological efficacy staff assistants, and precision agricul- • PlantPoint™ moisture sensor irrigation testing ture customers interested in the soil controller evaluation • Wheat fungicide efficacy testing testing process • Maintaining water quality and efficient • Integrated management of fusarium • In collaboration with the horticulture irrigation of nursery crops head blight of wheat and barley department, the lab contributed to • Landscape plant evaluations: Breeders, • Integrated management of frogeye leaf and will be further participating in a Industry, and SERA-27 Regional Project spot of soybean Sustainability Challenge Grant • Plant container evaluation for sustain- • Race survey of Phytophthora sojae, Tobacco able production causal agent of Phytophthora root rot • Tobacco transplant production: plastic • Efficient fertilization of nursery crops of soybean in Kentucky float tray evaluation • Kentucky native plant evaluation, pro- • Evaluation of corn fungicide applica- • Dark fire-cured commercial variety test duction protocols, and use tion timings on management of south- • Dark air-cured commercial variety test Fruit ern rust of corn • Burley commercial variety test • Characterization of corn hybrids for • Burley regional quality trial • NC-140 rootstock trials: apple and resistance to common foliar diseases peach • Insecticide performance for tobacco of corn hornworm, budworm, flea beetle, and • Cultivar trials: peach and blackberry • Fungicide resistance research on soy- • Sweet cherry rootstock observation aphid control bean and corn pathogens • Regional sucker control trials for burley and UFO training system demonstra- • Monitoring for diseases of grain crops tion trial and dark tobacco • Implementation of the iPiPE system for • Comparison of potassium sulfate and • Small fruit demonstration plots southern rust monitoring in corn • Pecan variety demonstration potassium chloride sources for dark • Blueberry fruit production in aboveg- Soil Science tobacco round containers with moisture sensor • Remediation of the fragipan to increase • Dynamics of benzo-α-pyrene and irrigation and fertility monitoring and soil productivity: Greenhouse trials nitrosamine accumulation during fire- control with ryegrass + soybean rotation; wheat curing Vegetables + soybean rotation; ryegrass + sodium • CORESTA dark fire-cured and dark air- cured tobacco pesticide residue tests • Broccoli vegetable production variety fluoride; ryegrass + KCl; ryegrass + KCl + NaCl; ryegrass + NaNO3; ryegrass + • Evaluation of bactericides for angular trial leaf spot (Pseudomonas spp.) control • Sentinel cucurbit downy mildew trial corn rotation; ryegrass + humate; festu- lolium; ryegrass + leonardite in dark tobacco Manure Management and Use • Remediation of the fragipan to increase • No-till and strip-till tobacco production • The use of rock salt, gypsum, and/or soil productivity: Field trials with gyp- demonstrations poultry litter to increase rooting depths sum; calcium carbonate lime; calcium • Feasibility of chemical topping in burley in fragipan soils silicate lime; sodium nitrate; calcium ni- tobacco • Poultry litter, biosolids, and composted trate; potassium nitrate; ryegrass cover • Evaluation of organic nitrogen sources swine manure used for winter wheat crop; ryegrass + sodium fluoride; wheat; for dark tobacco and corn production humate with and without ryegrass; • Effect of pre-topping maleic hydrazide • Poultry litter use for corn and soybean KCl at different rates with and without application on alkaloid production in production ryegrass. On-farm evaluation of fields dark tobacco • Nitrogen dynamics with broadcast and with a history of ryegrass use • Effect of foliar calcium addition in to- injected poultry litter • Evaluation of urease inhibitors in corn bacco where Ca is deficient according Plant Disease Diagnostic Laboratory production to tissue tests • Long-term tillage for corn, wheat, and Weed Science • The laboratory diagnosed 1,068 rou- double crop soybean production tine plant specimens. (Searchable • Comparison of horseweed (Conyza annual summaries of PDDL diagnoses Soil Test Laboratory canadensis) control in glyphosate-, are available at http://plantpathology. • The laboratory tested 18,120 soil sam- glufosinate-, and dicamba-resistant ca.uky.edu/extension/diagnostic-lab- ples for growers, precision agriculture soybean oratories/plant-disease-diagnostic- consultants or companies, and UK • ALS-resistant ryegrass control in win- laboratory-annual-reports.) Extension/research personnel. ter wheat • Pinoxiden and glyphosate resistance screening of two Kentucky Italian rye- grass populations

14 due primarily to changes in state, federal and international requirements and the establishment of new labs that can perform the testing (i.e. increased commercial competition). The necropsy caseload of 3202 cases decreased slightly by 1.7% for cy2017. The diagnostic and necropsy accession caseload fluctuates based on seasonal and natural epidemiologic conditions and events such as emerging diseases, drought, inclement weather, and secular changes in disease incidence. Total test trends in each laboratory section are listed in the individual section reports. Locations of clients submitting accessions to UKVDL, 2012-2017. UK Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory

The University of Kentucky Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (UKVDL) serves as one of the premier veterinary diag- nostic laboratories in the United States, providing timely and accurate services in support of the practicing veterinary pro- fession, livestock agriculture, the signature equine industries, the poultry industry and backyard flock operations, compan- ion animals, wildlife, and zoo animals. The UKVDL is a full-service laboratory and an administrative unit in the College of Agriculture, Food and the Environment (CAFE) at the University of Kentucky. The UKVDL was established in 1970 by the State Legislature of Kentucky and is charged with safeguarding the health Locations of clients submitting accessions to UKVDL, 2012-2017. of animal agriculture in Kentucky via veterinary diagnostic testing and disease identification/confirmation. As the state’s flagship veterinary diagnostic laboratory, the UKVDL’s pri- mary goal is to develop, apply, and utilize validated, state-of-the-art veterinary diagnostic testing methods and scientific knowledge to improve animal health and marketability, preserve the human-animal bond, and help protect and improve pub- lic health through the early and accurate identification of and passive surveillance for zoonotic diseases. The UKVDL labora- Graphics by Dr. Jacqueline Smith.Smith. tory is fully accredited to the ISO 17025 Diagnostic %Change Regulatory %Change Necropsies %Change standard by the American Association 2011 13491Diagnostic %Change 41538Regulatory %Change 3645 Necropsies %Change of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians 2011 13491 41538 3645 2012 14227 5.5% 35093 -15.5% 3398 -6.8% (AAVLD) and is a member of the USDA 2012 14227 5.5% 35093 -15.5% 3398 -6.8% National Animal Health Laboratory 20132013 1365513655 -4.0% -4.0% 31251 31251 -10.9% -10.9% 3100 3100 -8.8% -8.8% Network (NAHLN) and the FDA Veteri- 20142014 1297612976 -5.0% -5.0% 28142 28142 -9.9% -9.9% 3227 3227 4.1% 4.1% nary Laboratory Investigation Response 2015 13493 4.0% 22319 -20.7% 3208 -0.6% 2015 13493 4.0% 22319 -20.7% 3208 -0.6% Network (Vet-LIRN). 2016 14082 4.4% 20682 -7.3% 3258 1.6% In addition to its clinical diagnostic 20162017 1408220823 4.4% 47.9% 20682 14502 -7.3% -29.9% 3258 3202 1.6% -1.7% role, the UKVDL provides surveillance and regulatory testing for emerging and endemic diseases such as equine infec- testing to confirm the presence of foreign ed to assist in making a clinical diagnosis. tious anemia (EIA), equine viral arteritis, animal diseases (FADs) such as foot and UKVDL faculty, scientists, and technical equine piroplasmosis, West Nile virus, mouth disease, high path avian influenza, staff are specialists in several diagnostic chronic wasting disease of deer, conta- and classical swine fever. UKVDL also medical disciplines directly related to ani- gious equine metritis, and bovine spon- hosts a rich continuing education and mal health to include bacteriology, clini- giform encephalitis (mad cow disease) outreach program for our clients and the cal pathology, epidemiology, extension, to assure that animals can move freely in public every year. molecular biology, pathology, serology, the markets, slaughter houses, breeding Farmers and animal owners utilize toxicology, and virology. Laboratory find- sheds, sale barns, and events. As an active the UKVDL’s services primarily through ings are reported back to the submitting member of the National Animal Health their practicing veterinarians. These veterinarian who then consults with his Laboratory Network (NAHLN), the professionals have expertise in selecting, or her clients to implement a treatment laboratory conducts ongoing proficiency preparing, shipping, and submitting the or prevention protocol to manage disease proper specimens for testing when need- problems on the premise. A state-of-the-

15 demands. These quality objectives and trends are reviewed regularly to assure quality improvement in laboratory services. Outreach The UKVDL continues to build and enhance outreach programs throughout the Commonwealth of Kentucky. The Kentucky VetLabNet listserv continues to distribute animal health bulletins and has grown to a list to over 2500 UKVDL active clients, scientists, farmers and stakeholders. The UKVDL web site at www.vdl.uky.edu is continuously updated with information relating to diagnostic testing, epidemiologic surveillance data, near-real time GIS maps of disease distribution and more. Social media was implemented in 2016 to engage clients and potential clients via Facebook and Twitter. Statistics are monitored which reflect public awareness of UKVDL services. The UKVDL faculty and staff continue to contribute articles quarterly to the KVMA journal, the Kentucky Cattleman Association Cow Country News, the Bluegrass Equine Digest, Equine Disease Quarterly and other publications. The UKVDL Director, faculty and staff continue to deliver lectures at scientific and lay meetings. Dr. Michelle Arnold, Ruminant Extension Veterinarian, planned and hosted the 7th Summer Food Animal Conference at the UKVDL on August 17, 2018. The near-monthly Equine Diagnostic-Research Seminar Series at the UKVDL, conceived in 2006, continued for its 12the year in 2017. These seminars are filmed by The Horse magazine, edited and made available as webinars viewed in over sixty countries. art laboratory information management system (LIMS) is utilized that enables UKVDL to provide the most professional, accurate and timely accessioning, order entry, results capture, and clinical case reporting for our clients. Disease diagnostic services are coor- dinated by specialists in the appropriate disciplines. Complex clinical cases in- volving multiple sections are monitored by the Head of Diagnostic Services with trained case coordinators as alternates. During high-volume surge testing periods (seasonal testing and disease outbreaks), cross-trained technicians are assigned to busy sections as needed to assure that the workload can be managed in a timely and accurate fashion. The UKVDL received 20,823 clinical diagnostic cases (+47.9% over calendar year 2016) and 14,502 regulatory cases (down 29.9% over calendar year 2016). The decreasing trend in regulatory cases is due primarily to changes in state, fed- eral, and international requirements and the establishment of new labs that can perform the testing (i.e. increased commercial competition). The necropsy caseload of 3,202 cases decreased slightly (by 1.7% for calendar year 2017). The di- agnostic and necropsy accession caseload fluctuates based on seasonal and natural epidemiologic conditions, and events such as emerging diseases, drought, inclement weather, and secular changes The UKVDL confirms infectious protect the public health in the true spirit in disease incidence. Total test trends in diseases, parasitic diseases, chemical and of One Health. each laboratory section are listed in the biological intoxicants, and other toxic Objectives individual section reports. contaminants that may harm animals Vision or humans. In addition, the laboratory Every employee of the UKVDL is com- conducts regulatory testing that allows mitted to quality, integrity, and excellence The UKVDL strives to be one of the for the movement of animals domestically in all work completed. To achieve our premier veterinary diagnostic laboratories and internationally in the export markets. mission, we must: in the United States, providing the very The laboratory provides an early warning • Ensure client satisfaction by consis- best services in support of the practicing system for impending epidemics. Em- tently meeting or exceeding customer veterinary profession, Kentucky animal phasis is placed on quality assurance and requirements agriculture, the signature equine indus- control for all diagnostic and regulatory • Demonstrate competence in accor- tries, companion animals, and public testing, including new testing methods in dance with AAVLD Essential Re- health. accordance with the ISO 17025 standard. quirements through the performance The UKVDL is a full-service laboratory Each employee of the UKVDL focuses on of high-quality diagnostic testing in and an administrative unit in the College performing all tasks according to protocol accordance with ISO 17025 standards of Agriculture, Food and the Environment with a total commitment to quality. and guidelines (CAFE) at the University of Kentucky. • Continuously improve the quality of The UKVDL was established in 1970 Mission diagnostic test results by the state legislature of Kentucky and The UKVDL’s primary goal is to de- • Integrate contemporary laboratory is charged with safeguarding the health velop, apply, and utilize state-of-the-art practices throughout the laboratories of animal agriculture in Kentucky via technology and scientific knowledge to • Ensure employee health and safety veterinary diagnostic testing and disease improve animal health and marketability, • Provide employees with training and identification/confirmation. preserve the human-animal bond, and to tools to improve QA/QC

16 The UKVDL's success is measured by ing education and delivering scientific Kentucky. Drs. Carter and Smith made customer satisfaction, meeting profes- presentations a resolution to the AAVLD/USAHA sional standards and the essential Ameri- • UKVDL director, who serves as execu- at the annual meetings in San Diego to can Associate of Veterinary Laboratory tive director of the World Association consider adopting the Kentucky moni- Diagnosticians (AAVLD) Accrediatation of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosti- toring system nationwide. requirements, and our response to service cians, helped plan the June 2019 bien- • Continue to provide support for faculty demands. These quality objectives and nial meeting in Chang Mai, Thailand and staff to travel to professional meet- trends are reviewed regularly to assure • Third annual meeting of the Center ings for continuring education and to quality improvement in laboratory ser- for Animal and Human Health in Ap- host professional exhibits for display vices. palachia, Griffin Gate Hotel, Lexington, at local, state, and national meetings Outreach October 9–10 as needed. • Supported and guided Dr. Jackie Smith See section reports for additional out- The UKVDL continues to build and in fostering the growth of KY-Vet- reach activities. enhance outreach programs throughout LabNet listserv. Involved over 2,500 the Commonwealth. The Kentucky Vet- Achievements subscribed clients to maintain a high LabNet listserv distributes animal health • Led UKVDL efforts to maintain na- level of situational awareness for vet- bulletins to a list of more than 2,500 cli- tional accreditation in the American erinarians and farmers through alerts ents, scientists, farmers, and stakeholders. Association of Veterinary Laboratory and bulletins. The UKVDL web site at www.vdl.uky.edu Diagnosticians (every five years, most • Continue to oversee epidemiological is continuously updated with information recent full accreditation approved in field investigations/research studies for relating to diagnostic testing, epidemio- 2016), faculty and staff continuring clients as requested/needed, generating logic surveillance data, near real time GIS medical education initiatives, and par- intramural and extramural funding for maps of disease distribution, and more. ticipation in outbreak response. the UKVDL. Social media was implemented in 2016 • Continued support for faculty and • Regular articles published in the Journal to engage clients and potential clients via staff to enhance the UKVDL outreach of Kentucky Veterinary Medical Asso- Facebook and Twitter. Statistics that re- programs through one-day symposia ciation (since 2005) and the Kentucky flect public awareness of UKVDL services and seminars such as food animal (Dr. Cattleman Association (since 2009). are monitored. Michelle Arnold), equine (all faculty), • Continued support for Dr. Laura Ken- The UKVDL faculty and staff contrib- and toxicology (Dr. Cindy Gaskill). The nedy (PI) and Dr. Jennifer Janes (Co-PI) ute articles quarterly to the KVMA jour- monthly Equine Diagnostic Research in the furtherance of the Kentucky nal, the Kentucky Cattleman Association Seminars reach a global audience Racehorse Breakdown Necropsy Pro- Cow Country News, the Bluegrass Equine through our partnership with The Horse gram funded by the Kentucky Horse Digest, Equine Disease Quarterly, and magazine. Racing Commission and the Equine other publications. • Worked closely with Mr. Ryan Re- Drug Research Council. The UKVDL director, faculty, and staff dimarker, UKVDL business office • Supported and guided Dr. Erdal Erol in deliver lectures at scientific and lay meet- manager, to provide a clear vision and the continued development of several ings. Dr. Michelle Arnold, ruminant Ex- oversight for a UKVDL strategic and problem-based diagnostic testing pan- tension veterinarian, planned and hosted marketing plan to improve client ser- els that assist veterinarians in obtain- the 7th Summer Food Animal Conference vices, enhance testing and collection of ing the earliest definitive diagnosis on at the UKVDL on August 17. The near- fees, and to purchase high value instru- clinical cases. monthly Equine Diagnostic-Research mentation to modernize our laboratory • Continued support for Dr. Erdal Erol Seminar Series at the UKVDL continued sections. Fees for UKVDL services have in his role as a member of the Joint for its 12th year. These seminars are filmed doubled in the past ten years. National VS-AAVLD Antimicrobial by The Horse magazine and made available • Director served as key liaison with Resistance Working Group. as webinars that are viewed in more than Lincoln Memorial University leaders • Continued support for Dr. Michelle sixty countries. to sustain our cooperative agreement Arnold in her role as a Co-PI on the Other outreach events included: to provide training for veterinary medi- Southeast Quality Milk Initiative to • Winter Food Animal Practitioner cal students in exhange for significant improve milk quality in the southeast. Conference, February 16, UKVDL funds that can be used to improve • Continued support for Dr. Jennifer Auditorium, with 85 veterinarians and UKVDL services and research capa- Janes in her role as PI on an internally other guests in attendance bilities in support of Kentucky animal funded project to identify genetic de- • Summer Food Animal Practitioner agriculture. terminants in Wobbler Syndrome in Conference, August 17, UKVDL Audi- • UKVDL epidemiologist Dr. Jackie horses. torium, with 70 veterinarians and other Smith continues development and dis- • Continued support for Drs. Cindy guests in attendance semination of the near real-time inter- Gaskill and Lori Smith in the modern- • The director and seven UKVDL em- active GIS animal disease monitoring ization of instrumentation and staffing ployees attended the AAVLD meeting project to include thematic map prod- in the toxicology laboratory. in San Diego, California, for continu- ucts for over 25 years of rabies data in • Continued support for Dr. Cindy Gas-

17 kill in establishing a residency program cooperative agreement with Lincoln • Active member, eight standing commit- in Veterinary Toxicology. Memorial University. tees of the AAVLD and other commit- • Continued support for Dr. Alan • Working closely with the UKVDL tees as listed on C.V. Loynachan as a Co-PI on the develop- Advisory Committee, Dean Nancy Section Reports ment of a genetically defined live at- Cox, Associate Dean Rick Bennett, and Bacteriology/Mycology Section tenuated equine herpesvirus-1 vaccine Chair David Horohov, the decision was Dr. Erdal Erol, Section Head, and Mr. Steve Locke, for the horse. made to increase fees for 78 selected Section Supervisor • Continued support of Dr. Jackie Smith texts to generate an approximate 15 in the production and dissemination of percent overall increase in UKVDL The bacteriology/mycology section of the weekly reportable disease alerts dis- fee income by approximately $233,000 the UKVDL receives specimens to culture tributed to the Office of the Kentucky for fiscal year 2018. An additional for the isolation and identification of State Veterianian. savings of roughly $20,000 would be potentially pathogenic bacteria and fungi from livestock and companion and other Initiatives and Programs realized by mothballing the alkaline digesters. Currently almost all tissue animals. The section performs susceptibil- • Planned evaluation of the Zoetis USDA disposal is being met by rendering, a ity testing on isolates for the treatment of licensed equine leptospirosis vaccine much cheaper option than alkaline specific pathogens to safeguard the health after three reproductive seasons of use digestion. Legislative and philanthropic of animals in Kentucky and beyond. This (hoping to recruit a graduate student initiatives will be pursued to generate section performs cultures for Taylorella for the summer of 2018). further funds. Finally, efforts will con- equigenitalis and T. asinigenitalis for the • Metagenomics Diagnostic Laboratory tinue to produce new revenue through federal/state CEM regulatory program Section for UKVDL working closely engaging in research projects with in equines. Other specialized cultures with the Gluck Equine Research Center biological companies. Fortunately, the and testing techniques include anaerobic for a future hire of a bioinformatics fac- cooperative agreement with LMU has culture, mycoplasma culture, mastitis cul- ulty member (search underway) to as- peaked out at $500K per year, providing ture, and fluorescent antibody testing for sist in the formation of a metagenomics additional revenue which can be used leptospires and clostridia (blackleg). This research effort within the Department for instrument purchases and beyond. section also performs cultures for the Na- of Veterinary Science. tional Poultry Improvement Plan (NPIP) • Implemented electronic reporting of Director's Leadership and participates in annual proficiency EIA VS-10 results. Contributions (Select) testing for AAVLD, NPIP salmonella, • Began training senior DVM students • President and executive director, Amer- FDA Vet-LIRN salmonella, and listeria. from the Lincoln Memorial University ican Veterinary Epidemiology Society, In 2017, an additional technician was CVM in Harrogate, Tennessee, in four- 5-year term, 2015-2020. certified and trained for Taylorella (CEM) week blocks. The LMU students spent • Member, Advisory Board, Center for and National Poulty Improvement Plan roughly two weeks in pathology and Animal Health in Appalachia, since (NPIP) culture. The bacteriology section two weeks in the ancillary diagnostic 2015. is currently using the MALDI-TOF bio- disciplines as part of a mandatory • Member, OIE-WHO-FAO-United Na- typer as a cutting-edge instrument for the block. By the end of the calendar year, tions Global Alliance for Global Rabies quick identification of microorganisms. 51 students were trained at UKVDL. Eradication, Expert Committee, since This equipment has already significantly (Students on track to graduate with 2015. decreased our turn-around time on the DVM degrees in May 2018.) • Executive director, World Association identification of many bacteria. Issues and Challenges of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosti- Highlights cians (WAVLD), since 2000. Coordi- • Personnel turnover. 4/68 (6%) turnover • 9,205 aerobic cultures were performed nated planning for the meeting held in on samples submitted to the UKVDL; during calendar year 2017 down from Sorrento, Italy, June 2017. 12 % in 2017. significant bacterial pathogens such as • Member, Kentucky Livestock Care and Nocardioform bacteria, coliforms, beta- • Generation of a new fee for service Standards Commission and Equine income. The UKVDL regulatory testing hemolytic streptococci, Salmonella, Health and Welfare Council (Governor Pasteurella, Mannheimia, Bibersteinia, caseload continues to decline due to the appointment). increase in commercial laboratories Trueperella, Mycoplasma, and Staphy- • Member, National One Health Initia- lococci were found in these samples. and clinics that are running these tests tive Advisory Board, since 2010. and due to changing priorities by State • 7,108 CEM cultures were performed • Member (ex officio), Kentucky Farm for the CEM regulatory screening Veterinarians requirements for testing Bureau (six species committees), since based on disease risk (EIA, Piroplas- program. 2014. • 3,032 antimicrobial susceptibilities mosis et al). The decrease in fiscal year • Adjunct professor, Epidemiology, Col- 2017 caseload and income has led to were performed to determine the anti- lege of Public Health, University of microbials that could be used for their a $200K deficit at the end of the fiscal Kentucky, since 2012. year. Fortunately, UKVDL was able to treatment in exposed animals (MIC • Adjunct professor, Epidemiology, Col- broth microdilution method). cover the deficit with funds from the lege of Veterinary Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, since 2014.

18 • 1,379 specimens were test- Table 1. Bacteriology/Mycology Section. Table 1. Bacteriology/Mycology, continued ed for leptospires by fluo- Bacteriology Test Method Number Bacteriology Test Method Number rescent antibody testing. Clostridium chauvoei FA 123 Culture-Ruminant Mastitis Culture 125 • 728 specimens were cul- Clostridium novyi FA 8 Culture-Salmonella NPIP Culture 728 Clostridium septicum FA 123 Diagnostic Plan–Equine Mixed 9 tured for NPIP salmonella Diarrhea, Adult testing. Our participation Clostridium sordellii FA 7 Contagious Equine Metritis Culture 5462 Diagnostic Plan–Equine Mixed 5 in NPIP helps poultry in- Diarrhea/Septicemia, Foal Contagious Equine Metritis Culture 1646 dustry improve infectious Diagnostic Plan–Equine Mixed 6 Culture-Aerobic Culture 9205 disease control and eradica- Respiratory Culture-Anaerobic Culture 402 Difficile Toxin A/B ELISA 25 tion programs. Culture-Blood Culture 0 • 402 anaerobic cultures Leptospira FA 1379 Culture-Campylobacter Culture 53 *MALDI Identification MALDI-TOF 23 were performed. Clos- Culture-Dermatophilus Culture 2 (isolates submitted) tridium perfringens and C. congolensis MIC Panel Sensitivity 3032 difficile screening was the Culture-Fungal Culture 193 Refer Isolate to Reference Lab Other 14 predominant focus. Culture-Listeria Culture 68 Refer Isolate to Submitting Other 26 • 125 ruminant mastitis Culture-Microaerophilic Culture 235 Veterinarian cultures were performed. Culture-Mycobacterium sp. Culture 2 Salmonella Typing NVSL 80 Often collaborate with Ex- Culture-Mycoplasma Culture 147 Tritrichomonas, darkfield Microscopic 32 tension veterinarian Dr. M. Total 23,160 Arnold for communication of treatment options to client. Table 2. Virology Section. Table 2. Virology, continued • 218 specimens were tested Virology Test Method Number Virology Test Method Number for fungal pathogens. Bovine Corona Virus FA 2 Equine Viral Arteritis FA 7 • 123 Clostridium chauvoei Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus FA 6 Equine Viral Arteritis VN 13202 (blackleg) and Clostridium Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus VN 27 Feline Herpesvirus FA 35 septicum fluorescent anti- Bovine Rotavirus FA 2 Feline Infectious Peritonitis FA 54 body tests were performed. Bovine Viral Diarrhea ELISA 7221 Feline Panleukopenia FA 53 Bovine Viral Diarrhea FA 359 Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis FA 136 Major tests with total Bovine Viral Diarrhea 1 VN 108 Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis VN 82 numbers are provided in Bovine Viral Diarrhea 2 VN 107 Parainfluenza-3 Virus FA 6 Table 1. Canine Adenovirus FA 21 Porcine Circovirus FA 1 Virology Section Canine Corona Virus FA 11 Porcine Parvovirus FA 1 Porcine Reproductive & Respira- FA 1 Dr. Erdal Erol, Section Head, and Canine Distemper Virus FA 96 tory Syndrome Ms. Sharon K. Ray, Section Supervi- Canine Herpesvirus FA 39 sor Canine Parainfluenza 2 FA 20 Porcine Rotavirus FA 0 Canine Parvovirus FA 77 Potomac Horse Fever IFA 182 The virology section aids Equine Adenovirus FA 4 Rotavirus IA 0 veterinarians and animal Equine Herpesvirus 1 FA 853 Transmissible Gastroenteritis FA 0 Virus owners to diagnose viral Equine Herpesvirus 1 VN 71 Vesicular Stomatitis IN VN 870 infections and to treat and Equine Influenza A1 HI 3 Vesicular Stomatitis NJ VN 870 protect their animals. The sec- Equine Influenza A2 HI 3 Virus Isolation VI 724 tion also works closely with Equine Protozoal Myeloencepha- IFA 134 UKVDL pathology section to litis-Indirect Fluorescent Antibody West Nile IgM Capture ELISA 128 test for evidence of viral infec- Test Total 25,528 Equine Rotavirus FA 12 tions in necropsy specimens. In addition, the virology sec- continued tion performs a high volume of regulatory tests for national sales and support of animal agriculture not only specimens submitted by animal owners, for both the national and international in Kentucky but across the country and veterinarians, and pathologists. A number movement of animals and provides in- internationally. Virology added the EP- of molecular assays, in the formats of gel- formation to field veterinarians and ani- MIFAT in January. Table 2 provides an based PCR, real-time PCR, multiplex gel- mal owners regarding sample selection, overview of the variety and number of based PCR, or multiplex real-time PCR preservation, shipping procedures, and tests done this year. are being utilized because of their speed, interpretation of results. Molecular Diagnostics Section specificity, and sensitivity. This section Highlights Dr. Erdal Erol, Section Head also analyzes specimens received from Virology conducted numerous virus the virology and bacteriology sections The primary mission of the molecular to obtain a confirmatory diagnosis. In neutralizations, virus isolations, ELISAs, diagnostic section at the UKVDL is to and fluorescent antibody tests (FA) in addition, Dr. Erol provides consultations provide molecular testing on the clinical to Kentucky veterinarians and animal

19 owners on the areas of ap- Table 3. Molecular Diagnostics Section. Table 3. Molecular Diagnostics, continued propriate sample collection Molecular Biology Test Method Number Molecular Biology Test Method Number and submission, therapeutic 2009 H1N1 Influenza Real Time PCR 2 Equine Influenza Real Time PCR 340 advice, interpretation of test RT-PCR Equine Protozoal Myeloen- Real Time PCR 22 Amycolatopsis PCR 246 cephalitis results, determination of ap- Avian Influenza Real Time PCR 824 Equine rota virus Real Time PCR 1 propriate tests, and differen- Bluetongue Real Time PCR 9 Histophilus somni Real Time PCR 162 tial diagnosis. The molecular Bovine Coronavirus Real Time PCR 131 ILT Real Time PCR 8 biology section personnel Bovine Coronavirus Real Time PCR 262 Lawsonia intracellularis PCR 134 consists of Dr. Erdal Erol, two Bovine herpes virus 1 Real Time PCR 262 Lawsonia intracellularis Real Time PCR 4 full-time technicians, and one Bovine Respiratory Syncy- Real Time PCR 262 Leptospira Real Time PCR 168 half-time technician. tial Virus Mannheimia haemolytica Real Time PCR 162 Highlights Bovine Rotavirus Group A Real Time PCR 131 Moraxella bovis PCR 0 Bovine Viral Diarrhea Real Time PCR 304 Mycobacterium paratuber- Real Time PCR 88 • The molecular diagnos- C. difficile Toxin A Gene PCR 10 culosis tics section successfully C. difficile Toxin B Gene PCR 10 Mycoplasma bovis PCR 3 demonstrated its ability Canine Influenza Real Time PCR 31 Mycoplasma bovis Real Time PCR 162 to provide accurate, rapid, Chlamydiales PCR 32 Mycoplasma gallisepticum Real Time PCR 24 high-volume testing. This Clostridium perfringens PCR 79 Mycoplasma species PCR 3 section also became an Toxin Typing Mycoplasma synoviae PCR 24 accredited member of the Clostridium piliforme PCR 6 Newcastle Disease Virus Real Time PCR 4 USDA’s National Animal Crossiella equi PCR 246 Newcastle Disease Virus Real Time PCR 1 Laboratory Health Net- Cryptosporidium Real Time PCR 131 Ovine Herpesvirus 2 PCR 3 work and passed several E. coli K99+ Real Time PCR 131 Pasteurella multocida Real Time PCR 162 federal proficiency tests Eastern Equine Encephalitis Real Time PCR 6 Potomac Horse Fever Real Time PCR 437 such as foot and mouth Epizootic Hemorrhagic Real Time PCR 14 Research/Other Unknown 0 Disease Rhodococcus equi Real Time PCR 23 disease, classical swine fe- Equine Adenovirus PCR 1 ver, avian influenza, and Rhodococcus equi viru- Real Time PCR 19 Equine Arteritis Virus Real Time PCR 12 lence gene vapA exotic newcastle disease. Equine Coronavirus Real Time PCR 1 Salmonella Real Time PCR 965 The membership enables Equine Herpesvirus 1 Real Time PCR 1010 Sequence Analysis PCR 0 this unit to participate in Equine Herpesvirus 1 type Real Time PCR 43 St. Louis Virus Real Time PCR 17 national veterinary disease Equine Herpesvirus 2 PCR 131 Streptococcus equi PCR 708 surveillance and to provide Equine Herpesvirus 3 PCR 13 Tritrichomonas foetus Real Time PCR 206 rapid coordinated diagnos- Equine Herpesvirus 4 Real Time PCR 106 West Nile Virus Real Time PCR 28 tic response in the event of Equine Herpesvirus 5 PCR 103 Zika Virus Real Time PCR 35 future outbreaks within the continued Total 8,462 veterinary industry. • The section participated in a surveil- specimens and cytological examinations students from LMU College of Veterinary lance program of arboviruses (includ- on body fluids, and fine needle tissue Medicine. The first rotation of students ing Zika virus) in mosquito populations aspirates submitted by veterinarians, pro- began July 2017. Furthermore, short and avian influenza in poultry. ducers, and pet owners. The pathologists reviews (1-2 weeks) in diagnostic pathol- • Dr. Erol performed collaborative re- are fully supported by other laboratory ogy are offered to veterinary surgical and search with other scientists, particularly sections in necropsy investigations. internal medicine residents to fulfill the in the topics of infectious diseases. As part of the comprehensive necropsy pathology requirement for the Ameri- • The major molecular tests (and their to- examination, additional laboratory tests can College of Veterinary Surgeons and tal numbers) performed by the molecu- are ordered by the pathologist to aid in American College of Veterinary Internal lar section is provided in the Table 3. confirming a diagnosis. The abnormal Medicine. Pathology Section findings observed at necropsy are corre- Research activities of VDL patholo- Dr. David Bolin, Section Head lated with other laboratory tests, includ- gists, in collaboration with scientists at the ing microscopic examination of tissues, Gluck Equine Research Center and other The UKVDL pathology section is com- and a comprehensive report is prepared university departments, are varied and posed of ten faculty pathologists (eight for each pathology case. involve a wide variety of equine diseases. UKVDL service pathologists and two Teaching has been an additional re- These include: Lincoln Memorial University teaching sponsibility of pathologists at UKVDL. • Pathology and immune function in pathologists), four histology technicians, One pathologist, in cooperation with aged PPID horses four full-time necropsy technicians, and Lincoln Memorial University (LMU), • Retrospective analysis of diseases in three part-time necropsy student workers. is responsible for the development, aged horses The pathologists perform complete nec- implementation, and administration of a • Identifying genetic determinants in ropsy examinations on animals, histopa- curriculum in diagnostic pathology and wobbler syndrome thology on necropsy cases, surgical biopsy supporting disciplines for fourth-year

20 Table 4. Necropsies. Table 5. Pathology Section. Table 5. Pathology, continued Species Number Pathology Tests & Procedures Number Pathology Tests & Procedures Number Avian 105 Biopsy 3023 Field necropsy–Small Animal/Exotic/ 40 Bovine 1,051 BSE Surveillance 61 Petbird/Wildlife Caprine 104 Chronic Wasting Disease 120 Gross Necropsy–Equine Adult 455 Equine 1,532 Chronic Wasting Disease 0 Gross Necropsy–Equine Fetus/Foal 779 Ovine 82 Cytology 291 Gross Necropsy–Equine Placenta 285 Porcine 27 Cytology on Submitted Slides 181 Gross Necropsy–Food Animal Adult 343 Small animal 386 Field Necropsy 0 Gross Necropsy–Food Animal Fetus/ 680 Neonate Miscellaneous 61 Field Necropsy–Equine Adult 3 Gross Necropsy–Legal Case 3 Total 3,348 Field Necropsy–Equine Fetus/Foal 5 Gross Necropsy–Poultry (up to 3 95 Field Necropsy–Food Animal < 1 Year 48 birds) Field Necropsy–Food Animal Adult 19 Gross Necropsy–Small Animal/Exotic 418 • Determining minimum toxic dosage of Field Necropsy–Fresh–Equine Adult 3 Animal diphacinone in horses Field Necropsy–Fresh–Equine Fetus/ 5 Rabies 210 • Proximal sesamoid pathology in thor- Foal Research/Other 0 oughbred catastrophic breakdown Field Necropsy–Fresh–Food Animal 19 Scrapie Surveillance 1 injuries Field Necropsy–Poultry/Food Birds 2 Tests Performed for Field Necropsy 0 • Maturation of the articular growth Total 7,089 complex in the medical femoral con- dyle of young thoroughbreds Cytologies. Preparations of cells har- UKVDL’s pathologists and testing related • Magnetic resonance imaging of sub- vested and/or aspirated from abnormal to necropsy. clinical osteochondrosis in horses lesions or body fluids are placed on The clinical pathology lab is available • Kentucky horse racing necropsy pro- microscopic slides and stained for ex- to University of Kentucky equine and gram amination under the microscope by the animal science researchers who submit • In vivo evaluation of the safety and pathologists. Cytological examinations specimens for monitoring various chem- efficacy of extracorporal oxygenation were performed, diagnoses made, and istry, hematology, and endocrine levels in in sheep reports generated for 391 cases. their research animals. Results are avail- • Case-based distance learning for food Table 5 details the tests and procedures able the same day as receipt of sample, animal veterinarians performed by the pathology section. with a few exceptions, to get information • Evaluation of lung inflammation in Clinical Pathology Section to the submitting veterinarian as soon as horses with severe acute gastrointes- Bonnie L. Decker, Section Head possible to aid in the treatment of their tinal disease client’s animals. Highlights The clinical pathology section pro- Section personnel remained stable Necropsy Examinations. Postmortem vides chemistry, hematology, endocrine, with a combined 60+ years of experience. examinations (necropsies) are conducted urinalysis, fluid analysis, fecal parasite The clinical pathology lab is dedicated to on whole animals, specimens from field exams, and other testing to animal own- meeting the current and future needs of necropsies, and equine placentas submit- ers, veterinarians, and the agriculture the agriculture community, companion ted to the VDL with the purpose of iden- community. The section also provides animal community, veterinarians, and tifying any pathologic changes that would support, cytology prep, and testing to pathologists. Table 6 details the tests per- indicate an inflammatory or neoplastic formed by the section. disease process, physical injury, poison- ing, or any other process that results in Table 6. Clinical Pathology Section. Table 6. Clinical Pathology, continued illness. Table 4 lists necropsies by species Clinical Pathology Test Number Clinical Pathology Test Number and number A/G Ratio 678 Calcium 683 Biopsies. Tissue lesions are removed ACTH, Endogenous 24 Calcium–Eye Fluid 145 surgically or portions biopsied from live Albumin 678 Chloride 676 animals and sent to the laboratory for de- Albumin–Electrophoresis 0 Chloride–Eye Fluid 145 termination of the type of disease process, Alkaline Phosphatase 678 Cholesterol 278 recommendations for additional surgical Alpha 1–Electrophoresis 0 Chyle Test 0 Color 155 treatment if necessary, and prognosis. Alpha 2–Electrophoresis 0 Amylase 164 Cortisol, 4 Hr Post Dex 33 These tissue specimens are processed, and Anisocytosis 550 Cortisol, 8 Hr Post Dex 33 microscopic slides are prepared for the Band Neutrophils 550 Cortisol, Baseline 20 pathologists to examine by microscopy. Basophils 550 Cortisol, Post ACTH 119 Tissue specimens representing 2,917 cases Beta–Electrophoresis 0 Cortisol, Pre ACTH 119 were processed and examined. A report BUN 726 Cortisol, Pre Dex 28 with diagnosis was produced for each BUN–Eye Fluid 145 Creatine Kinase 513 case. Typical turn-around on these cases BUN/Creatinine Ratio 678 Foal IgG 0 is 24 to 48 hours. continued continued

21 Table 6. Clinical Pathology, continued Table 6. Clinical Pathology, continued Table 6. Clinical Pathology, continued Clinical Pathology Test Number Clinical Pathology Test Number Clinical Pathology Test Number Gamma–Electrophoresis 0 PCV/HCT 1036 Total Protein 678 Gamma GT 513 pH–Fluid 66 Total Protein–Electrophoresis 0 Giardia Antigen 12 Phenobarbital 118 Total Protein–Fluid 62 Globulin 678 Phosphorus 678 Transparency 155 Glucose 677 Phosphorus–Eye Fluid 145 Trypsinogen/TLI 10 HGB 1036 Poikilocytosis 550 TSH 16 Hypochromasia 550 Polychromasia 550 Urinalysis–Amorphous 89 Lymphocytes 550 Potassium 678 Urinalysis–Bacteria 89 Macrocytosis 550 Potassium–Eye Fluid 145 Urinalysis–Bilirubin 89 Magnesium 402 Progesterone 252 Urinalysis–Blood 89 Magnesium–Eye Fluid 146 RBC 1036 Urinalysis–Casts 89 MCH 1036 RBC–Fluid 62 Urinalysis–Crystals 89 Creatinine 679 Reticulocyte Count 1 Urinalysis–Epithelial 89 Creatinine–Eye Fluid 145 Segmented Neutrophils 550 Urinalysis–Glucose 89 Cryptosporidia 27 SGOT/AST 515 Urinalysis–Ketone 89 Eosinophils 550 SGPT/ALT 165 Urinalysis–pH 89 Fecal Examination 846 Slide Preparation 78 Urinalysis–Protein 89 Feline Pancreatic Lipase 0 Sodium 678 Urinalysis–RBC 89 Fibrinogen 49 Sodium–Eye Fluid 145 Urinalysis–Specific Gravity 89 MCHC 1036 Specific Gravity 66 Urinalysis–Urobilinogen 89 MCV 1036 Stone Analysis 241 Urinalysis–WBC 89 Microcytosis 550 T3 46 WBC 1036 Monocytes 550 T4 112 WBC–Fluid 62 Nucleated RBC 550 Target Cells 550 Total 33,040 Parasite Identification 9 Total Bilirubin 678 continued continued

Quality Control/Quality Assurance Section manages UKVDL information on the audits, improved equipment inventory, Mary Harbour, Section Head NAHLN Portal. This portal provides in- improved Competency and Training As- The goal of the University of Kentucky formation to NAHLN about the capacity sessments and improved Corrective Quality Management System (QMS) is of national laboratories in the event of a Action investigations. The software has to ensure quality of all test results and food animal outbreak. The portal also con- replaced most paper documentation and continuous improvement of all services to tains NAHLN policies and procedures as provided more electronic documentation clients. The design and goal of the QMS well as NVSL, USDA, and NAHLN pro- of the Quality System. Quality Assurance and Quality Assurance program is based ficiency testing results and reports. The will continue to monitor and update poli- on American Association of Veterinary section continues to prepare quarterly cies and procedures to meet the AAVLD Diagnostic Laboratory (AAVLD) require- reports to the NAHLN. The QA manager requirements. ments, International Standards Organiza- serves on the NAHLN Methods Technical Ruminant Extension Section tion (ISO) guidelines (ISO 17025), and Working Group Committee. Dr. L. Michelle Arnold, Ruminant Veterinarian UKVDL QA section monitors and Organization of International Epizootics The ruminant Extension veterinarian (OIE). The UKVDL QMS helps fulfill the audits the various sections in the lab. QA assists the sections not just to prepare for works closely with the College of Agricul- university’s mission of improving service ture, Food and Environment (CAFE) fac- delivery while achieving excellent human the various inspections or accreditation site visits but also to assist them in improv- ulty, UKVDL faculty and clients, county relations (internally and externally), sound Extension agents, producer organizations, leadership, and effective communications. ing processes, procedures, and polices. To maintain conformance to all re- state livestock commodity specialists, The quality assurance section now con- and state and federal regulatory agen- sists of two employees: a quality assurance quirements, the QA manager attended Quality Assurance Committee Meeting at cies regarding all veterinary ruminant manager and a full time quality assistant. health issues. Perhaps most important The requirements for maintaining the the annual AAVLD meeting and also at- tended AAVLD auditor training. The QA is outreach to food animal veterinarians QMS are continuously being updated. through regular continuing education The assistant position was created to meet manger assisted other AAVLD auditors on an audit of another AAVLD laboratory programs, newsletters, and animal health the increasingly more stringent AAVLD bulletins. In addition, by developing this requirements, and OIE, NAHLN, and in another state. In 2014, the Quality Assurance Sec- close working relationship between prac- federal mandates. ticing veterinarians and UKVDL faculty, Since 2010 UKVDL has been a part of tion implemented new Quality system software. This software has improved better diagnostic workups on challenging the National Animal Health Laboratory diagnostic cases and complex investiga- Network (NAHLN). QA maintains and document control, streamlined internal

22 tions result in more definitive answers for Quality Milk Production seminar held state veterinarian (Dr. Stout) to discuss the producers of Kentucky. An exciting September 11 and 12 in Omaha as well BVD PI testing and the enforcement addition is the funding from USDA to as two nights lodging at the conference of new laws regarding the movement develop case-based video modules for hotel. One participant was affiliated of positive calves as well as brainstorm food animal practitioners, especially those with a veterinary school and will take long term solutions. In 2017, the Ken- in underserved rural areas who may find this information back to the students tucky and Tennessee state veterinarians it difficult to attend traditional continuing to begin training the next generation made this a joint effort between the education meetings. of professionals. two states. The entire network of industry stake- • Organized and hosted two well-attend- • Participated in 30 meetings in 2017, holders must be involved to lower mor- ed food animal veterinary continuing including field days, producer meet- bidity and mortality rates, attain better education meetings at the diagnostic ings, farm visits, and the comprehensive rates of production, and add more pounds laboratory (UKVDL). A total of 15 Master Cattlemen course throughout sold to return greater profits throughout hours of continuing education was the state to educate producers in best the agricultural community. By focusing made available to food animal vet- management practices, identify exist- on improvements in ruminant health, the erinarians at no cost to them. Outside ing problems, and promote prevention goal is to improve our national reputa- sponsors covered the costs of the through realistic on-farm changes. tion for producing quality commodities events. The Winter CE meeting at the • Wrote a monthly health article for in Kentucky. Dr. Arnold continues to be UKVDL was sponsored by Elanco Cow Country News, the newsletter of involved in collaborative research projects Animal Health. Sixty practicing food the Kentucky Cattlemen’s Association within the University with the dairy, beef, animal veterinarians and 24 other with a 2017 statewide circulation of and small ruminant industries, especially veterinarians or health professionals 10,200. In addition, regularly contrib- those involving diagnostic veterinary attended the winter meeting. A sum- uted to the KVMA newsletter, Off the medicine, to reach this goal. mer meeting was held in August at the Hoof (UK Beef electronic newsletter), The livestock diseases diagnosed at UKVDL sponsored by Zoetis Animal and Kentucky Dairy Notes (UK Dairy the UKVDL, along with recommenda- Health. Fifty-five practicing veterinar- electronic newsletter), as well as several tions for their treatment, prevention, and ians and 15 others were in attendance. national magazines, including Feed Lot control, form the core of the information Dr. Arnold lectured in the summer magazine. sent out from this position. New Univer- meeting on current topics of interest • Educated producers, Extension person- sity research, governmental directives, including Epizootic Hemorrhagic Dis- nel, and veterinarians about the new and other stakeholder concerns are also ease and abortion diagnostics. These Veterinary Feed Directive through communicated broadly for discussion and meetings are also used for state and fed- many regional meetings and articles adoption to benefit producers throughout eral updates so Kentucky practitioners throughout the year. This new govern- Kentucky. can stay abreast of current regulatory ment strategy began in January 2017 Highlights situations. and affects the way antibiotics admin- • Secured a nationally competitive, • Served on the equine Extension faculty istered through the feed or water are three-year extramural grant entitled search committee chaired by Dr. Martin sold to the public. Case-based Distance Learning for Food Nielsen and the UKVDL Pathologist • Continued to serve as a consulting Animal Veterinarians for $250,000. Search Committee chaired by Dr. Alan veterinarian for the UK Swine Unit and This grant was awarded to Drs. Arnold, Loynachan. (These committees will be Sheep Unit on several research projects. Janes, and Gaskill from the United instrumental in the selection of two Received certification to complete mo- States Department of Agriculture, Na- new faculty members in early 2018.) bile certificates of veterinary inspection tional Institute of Food and Agriculture, • Continued to deliver multiple lectures (mCVIs), which have been used for the Veterinary Services Grant Program. regarding animal health in 400 level UK Swine unit. Program Code VSGPE. Award number undergraduate classes in beef and dairy • Serves as an associate member of the 2017-70024-27326. science and a veterinary lab to the dairy Graduate Faculty. Served on the gradu- • For the second consecutive year, co- class. She also lectured in a new 300 ate committee for Ph.D. candidate Ms. ordinated the selection and presenta- level undergraduate class entitled Dairy Barbara Wadsworth-Jones, who has tion of continuing education awards Cattle Diseases and Health. now successfully completed the pro- to Southeastern Dairy veterinarians • Attended the two-day AABP pre-con- gram, one Ph.D. committee (Ms. Betty (nominated by producers and Exten- ference milk quality seminar in Omaha, Kawonga), and two graduate commit- sion personnel) to help them gain Nebraska. Gained valuable knowledge tees for M.S. degrees in Animal Science more experience in understanding milk in current mastitis prevention and (Mr. Gustavo Mazon and Ms. Lori quality, and in turn helping them bring control and became acquainted with Grinter). Also served as a judge for the value to their producer-clients for years the new robot milking technology. Dr. Animal and Food Sciences Graduate to come. One dairy practitioner from Arnold intends to incorporate this in- Association Annual Poster Symposium each participating state (TN, KY, VA, formation in future CE meetings. and participated as a reviewer for the MS, GA, FL) was selected to receive • Continued to serve on the BVD Task Dairy Research Showcase. full tuition for the AABP preconference Force at the request of the Kentucky

23 • Continues to revise and expand the Serology Section Table 7. Seriology Section. database of food animal veterinarians Meg Steinman, Section Head Serology Test Method Number Anaplasma phagocyto- ELISA 30 with email addresses and cell phone The mission of the serology section is numbers to enhance the speed of philum to provide accurate and timely results for Anaplasmosis CELISA 1072 communication and decrease postal both diagnostic and regulatory testing. Avian Influenza AGID 2 expenses. The list currently has ap- The results generated provide veterinar- Avian Influenza ELISA 19277 proximately 400 veterinarians and 288 ians and regulatory personnel with data Babesia caballi (equine CELISA 1186 veterinary clinics. upon which to base their decisions. Many piroplasmosis) • Participated in the annual producer tests can be done on multiple species, and Blastomycosis AGID 102 meeting, bi-monthly conference calls, some are species specific. Please contact Bluetongue CELISA 174 and program development with fac- the lab if you have any questions. This Bovine Leukemia Virus ELISA 842 Bovine Pregnancy Test ELISA 1864 ulty from six Southeastern land grant section offers a wide variety of testing by institutions funded by the Southeast Brucella ovis ELISA 4 various types of methodologies. Table 7 Brucellosis AB BAPA 1165 Quality Milk Initiative (SQMI) grant. details serology tests and methods. This is a multi-state grant for $3M over Brucellosis abortus CARD 187 a five-year funding period that began in Highlights Brucellosis CF CF 10 February 2013. Dr. Arnold moderated • Poultry. This section participates in Brucellosis Equine AG 2 the SQMI morning educational session USDA audits performed by NPIP of- Brucellosis Melitensis CARD 187 and compiled results for Objective 4 ficials to maintain status as an NPIP ap- Brucellosis Melitensis AG 15 proved laboratory. Personnel from this Brucellosis Standard AG 1 to the stakeholders at the 2017 Annual Canine Brucellosis AG 143 Meeting held in Nashville, TN. Dr. Ar- section have attended National Poultry Improvement Plan (NPIP) approved Canine Pregnancy ELISA 0 nold coordinates the printing and dis- Caprine Arthritis/En- CELISA 159 tribution by the University of Kentucky training courses. We successfully cephalitis of the SQMI Quarterly Newsletter to passed the avian influenza proficiency Caseous Lymphadenitis Un- 60 veterinarians throughout the Southeast test and mycoplasma test for 2017. known identified as active in dairy practice. • Equine. This section successfully Contagious Equine CF 1017 passed USDA-APHIS audits and profi- Metritis • Managed cases at the UK Veterinary Contagious Equine CF 92 Diagnostic Laboratory including re- ciency tests to continue to offer equine Metritis cording in-depth histories, determin- infectious anemia (EIA) antibody test- Epizootic Hemorrhagic AGID 141 ing necessary tests, participating in ing, CEM-CF testing and piroplasmosis Disease complex disease investigations, and testing. Equine Infectious Anemia AGID 356 interpretation and communication of • Bovine and ruminants. The serology Equine Infectious Anemia ELISA 12114 results to veterinarians and producers. section offers a variety of antibody tests Equine Infectious Anemia ELISA 2384 (Stockyard) Was actively engaged in 215 cases and performed on serum from bovines and other ruminant species. Ehrlichia ELISA 29 was an associated veterinarian in 101 Feline Immunodeficiency ELISA 27 food animal cases. While at the lab, Dr. • Canine and feline. This section offers a Virus Arnold answers a plethora of questions variety of tests that can be run on dogs Feline Infectious Peritoni- ELISA 15 from veterinarians, producers, and Ex- and cats, including the tick panel for tis Antibody tension agents on a variety of ruminant canines. This panel includes detection Feline Leukemia Virus ELISA 24 Antigen health topics. for antibody to ehrlichia, borrelia burg- Heartworm Antigen ELISA 16 • Served on the Farm Bureau Advisory dorferi (Lyme disease), anaplasma, and rickettsia rickettsia (Rocky Mountain Histoplasmosis AGID 80 Board for Beef, Dairy, and Small Rumi- Hold Specimen Un- 2 nants (sheep and goats) in 2017. Repre- spotted fever). known sented the University of Kentucky at the • Porcine. This section offers regulatory Infectious Bronchitis Virus ELISA 20 National Cattlemen’s Beef Association testing for swine, including brucellosis antibody (NCBA) Convention in Nashville dur- antibody and pseudorabies (PRVgB). Infectious Bursal Disease ELISA 829 Additional Activities antibody ing several health-related meetings. Johne’s Antibody ELISA 1592 Kentucky veterinarians, Extension • The section head serves on the National Leptospirosis–Bratislava MAT 38 agents, producers, government entities, Animal Health Laboratory Network Leptospirosis–Canicola MAT 227 and the university benefit from a strong Exercises and Drills Working Group. Leptospirosis–Grippoty- MAT 3489 livestock sector, and health is a major The purpose of this group is to develop phosa exercises to help prepare for a disease Leptospirosis–Hardjo MAT 422 component. This position served to reach Leptospirosis–Ictero- MAT 226 each of these stakeholders for the overall outbreak in the food animal. In spring 2017 the section head coordinated haemorrhagia improvement of livestock health and sus- Leptospirosis–Pomona MAT 3685 UKVDK participation in a mock FAD tainability of the food animal veterinary Lyme Disease Antibody ELISA 42 profession. drill, testing response to an outbreak of (Borrelia burgdorferi) avian influenza. Findings from the exer- continued cises will help determine the strengths

24 Table 7. Seriology, continued diagnoses, residue considerations, toxico- • Hosted student interns from the Uni- Serology Test Method Number logical risk assessments, determination versity of Kentucky Agricultural and Mycoplasma gallisepti- ELISA 39217 of appropriate tests, appropriate sample Medical Biotechnology program cum collection and submission recommenda- • Continued providing forage ergovaline Mycoplasma synoviae ELISA 39217 Neospora Caninum CELISA 274 tions, interpretation of analytical results, analyses for the University of Kentucky Newcastle Disease Virus ELISA 10 and other general toxicological informa- pasture evaluation program and for Antibody tion. Alerts, updates and toxicological producers, Extension agents, research- Ovine Progressive Pneu- CELISA 22 information regarding cases of poisoning ers, and others across the country monia or contaminated animal feeds are also • Participated in numerous proficiency Pseudorabies gB ELISA 98 provided to the state veterinarian’s office. programs to ensure quality results and Regulatory Plan–EIA & NULL 448 The toxicology section personnel con- revised and reviewed toxicology stan- EVA Research/Other Un- 3 sist of Cynthia Gaskill, clinical veterinary dard operating procedures known toxicologist and section head; Lori Smith, • Our first toxicology resident, Dr, Megan Rocky Mountain Spotted IFA 34 senior analytical chemist; Michelle Helm, Romano, continued her second year of Fever (Rickettsia rickettsii) technician; Kyle Francis, research analyst; the program. The UKVDL veterinary Salmonella Pullorum MAGG 29 Joseph Johnson, research analyst; Megan toxicology residency program is one Salmonella pullorum- AG 20709 Romano, toxicology resident; and student of only three such programs in the U.S. Typhoid interns. • Drs. Gaskill and Romano provided Theileria (Babesia) equi CELISA 2619 (equine piroplasmosis) Highlights half of the lectures for the second-year Toxoplasmosis ELISA 74 The most common causes of poison- veterinary toxicology course at the Toxoplasmosis Latex 0 ing diagnosed at the UKVDL in 2017 Lincoln Memorial University College aggluti- of Veterinary Medicine (LMU), and nation included: . Yew (Taxus), provided toxicology case rounds dis- Total 15,6103 • Cattle, sheep, goats nitrate, sodium, lead, copper, arsenic, cussions for the diagnostic medicine selenium, buckeye (Aesculus spp.), rotations for the fourth-year LMU and weaknesses of the individual labo- urea/ammonia, ionophores veterinary students as part of the coop- erative agreement between LMU and ratory and identify what needs to be in • Horses. Botulism the University of Kentucky place to help respond. • Dogs and cats. Anticoagulant ro- • The section head is a member of the denticides; organochlorine, carbamate The UKVDL toxicology section par- Poultry Health Advisory Board for and organophosphate pesticides; illicit ticipated in several research projects Kentucky. drugs; ethylene glycol; tremorgenic my- directly applicable to improvements in • The serology section participates in re- cotoxins (Penitrem A and Roquefort- diagnostic offerings. Funding from these search projects investigating the levels ine); and toxic mushrooms projects helped support instrumentation of MAT leptospiral titers in serum and • Received funding from several federal and personnel also used for diagnostic vitreous fluid. agencies and other grants, totaling ap- purposes. Projects included: Toxicology Section proximately $150,000 for this calendar • Evaluation of Kentucky barn owls for Dr. Cynthia L. Gaskill, Section Head year. This funding provides support evidence of chemical contaminations. for instrumentation, personnel, and • Inter-laboratory method validation The primary mission of the UKVDL supplies to develop analytical methods study for carbamates in rumen contents toxicology section is to provide toxico- and complete inter-laboratory valida- (collaboration with the California Ani- logical diagnostic testing capabilities and tions studies, to investigate poison cases mal Health and Food Safety laboratory) consultations to Kentucky veterinarians, involving drugs and feeds, and advance • Quantitation of metals in pet jerky UKVDL pathologists, county Extension understanding of a number of impor- treats, tissues, and blood (collaboration agents, livestock producers, pet owners, tant toxicants. Our FDA grants involve with Washington Animal Disease Di- state officials, and others. A large variety collaboration with several veterinary agnostic Laboratory and University of of toxicological tests are available, includ- diagnostic laboratories including the Idaho Analytical Sciences laboratory) ing analyses for metals and minerals; Davis California Animal Health and • Development and validation of a organic compounds including a multitude Food Safety Laboratory, Iowa State method to quantitate anticoagulant of pesticides, drugs, and other chemicals; University Veterinary Diagnostic Labo- rodenticides in serum biological toxicants such as plant, insect, ratory, the Washington Animal Disease • Continuation of a study to determine the bacterial, and fungal toxins; and numer- Diagnostic Laboratory, the University minimum toxic dosage of the anticoagu- ous other toxicants. Tests are performed of Guelph Animal Health Laboratory lant rodenticide diphacinone in horses in tissues, gastrointestinal contents, bio- ,and others logical fluids, baits, feeds, forages, water, • Continued providing serum and plas- The most commonly performed toxi- soil, and many other substances. ma cobalt analyses for several horse cology diagnostic tests are summarized in Consultation services include assis- racing jurisdictions. Performed over Table 8. Research testing is not included. tance with therapeutic advice, differential 4,600 cobalt analyses

25 Table 8. Toxicology Section. Table 8. Toxicology, continued Table 8. Toxicology, continued Table 8. Toxicology, continued Toxicology Test Number Toxicology Test Number Toxicology Test Number Toxicology Test Number 3,5-dimethoxyphenol 4 Cobalt–Kidney 21 Lasalocid 8 Paraquat 0 Aconitine 4 Cobalt–Liver 668 Lead–Blood, Whole 31 Penitrem A 3 Aflatoxin 6 Cobalt–Other 7 Lead–Feed 5 Percentage Moisture 23 Ammonia 0 Cobalt–Serum 4624 Lead–Kidney 21 pH 41 Anabasin 4 Cobalt–Water 5 Lead–Liver 45 pH in Water 0 Arsenic–Blood, Whole 28 Coniine 4 Lead–Other 24 pH-old 41 Arsenic–Feed 5 Copper–Feed 5 Lead–Water 8 Phosphate–Water 678 Arsenic–Kidney 21 Copper–Kidney 22 Lysergic acid 0 Phosphate–Water 5 Arsenic–Liver 42 Copper–Liver 667 Lysergol 0 Phosphorus–Feed 5 Arsenic–Other 82 Copper–Other 5 Magnesium–Feed 5 Plant ID 6 Arsenic–Serum 9 Copper–Serum 118 Magnesium–Kidney 21 Potassium–Feed 5 Arsenic–Water 5 Copper–Water 5 Magnesium–Liver 37 Potassium–Other 5 Atropine 4 Coumachlor 53 Magnesium–Other 5 Potassium–Water 5 Blue Green Algae ID 0 Coumafuryl 0 Magnesium–Water 5 Research/Other 2 Bone Marrow Fat 1 Coumatetralyl 0 Manganese–Blood 1 Roquefortine 3 Boron–Feed 0 Cyanide 0 Manganese–Feed 5 Salinomycin 8 Boron–Kidney 0 Deltaline 4 Manganese–Kidney 21 Scopolamine 4 Boron–Liver 0 Determine Required 23 Manganese–Liver 667 Selenium–Blood 56 Boron–Other 0 Testing Manganese–Other 5 Selenium–Feed 5 Brodifacoum 52 Dicoumarol 52 Manganese–Serum 115 Selenium–Kidney 21 Bromadiolone 52 Difenacoum 0 Manganese–Water 5 Selenium–Liver 668 Bromethalin 1 Difethialone 52 Mercury–Blood, Whole 0 Selenium–Other 5 Bromide–Serum 17 Diphacinone 52 Mercury–Feed 0 Selenium–Serum 143 Bromide–Water 5 Ergocornine 0 Mercury–Kidney 0 Selenium–Water 5 Cadmium–Blood 1 Ergocristine 0 Mercury–Liver 0 Sodium–Brain 10 Cadmium–Feed 5 Ergocrytpine 0 Mercury–Other 0 Sodium–Feed 5 Cadmium–Kidney 21 Ergonovine 0 Molybdenum–Feed 5 Sodium–Other 5 Cadmium–Liver 37 Ergosine 0 Molybdenum–Kidney 21 Sodium–Water 5 Cadmium–Other 5 Ergotamine 0 Molybdenum–Liver 667 Strychnine 0 Cadmium–Water 5 Ergovaline 299 Molybdenum–Other 5 Sulfate–Water 5 Calcium–Feed 0 Ethylene Glycol 7 Molybdenum–Serum 115 Sulfur–Feed 2 Calcium–Kidney 0 Examine Contents 23 Molybdenum–Water 5 T-2 mycotoxin 6 Calcium–Liver 0 Feed Analysis, Basic 0 Monensin 15 Taxine–Yew 4 Calcium–Other 0 Feed Microscopy 0 Narasin 8 Urea/NPN 0 Chloride 52 Fluoride–Water 5 Nicotine 4 Vitamin E–Serum or 0 Chloride in Water 7 Fumonisin 6 Nitrate–Forage 21 Tissue Chlorphacinone 52 Gamma-coniceine 4 Nitrate–Ocular Fluid 152 Vomitoxin 7 Cholinesterase activity 0 GC/MS Organic Com- 25 Nitrate–Other 2 Warfarin 52 pound Screen Chromium–Blood 1 Nitrate–Serum 1 Zearalenol 6 Glycolic Acid 7 Chromium–Feed 5 Nitrate–Water 5 Zearalenone 6 Iron–Feed 5 Chromium–Kidney 21 Nitrite–Forage 21 Zinc–Blood 0 Iron–Kidney 21 Chromium–Liver 37 Nitrite–Ocular Fluid 152 Zinc–Feed 5 Iron–Liver 667 Chromium–Other 5 Nitrite–Other 2 Zinc–Kidney 21 Iron–Other 5 Chromium–Serum 0 Nitrite–Serum 1 Zinc–Liver 667 Iron–Serum 115 Chromium–Water 5 Nitrite–Water 5 Zinc–Other 5 Iron–Water 5 Clostridium botulinum 4 Ochratoxin 6 Zinc–Serum 116 Ivermectin 0 Cobalt–Blood 1 Other Test 4 Zinc–Water 5 continued Cobalt–Feed 5 continued Total 12,281 continued

Epidemiology Section ease surveillance, and assist veterinarians the Office of the State Veterinarian and Dr. Jacqueline L. Smith, Section Head in the investigation of highly pathogenic, the USDA, and to provide animal health The UKVDL epidemiology section unusual, and emerging disease problems. situational awareness for industry stake- plans and conducts veterinary epide- Daily monitoring of finalized necropsy holders. Many of these studies lead to miological research experiments and and lab testing data streams provide near publication in peer-reviewed journals and investigations that lead to the earliest de- real-time disease monitoring and disease lay publications. Disease reporting to the tection of animal disease outbreaks. The cluster analysis. state veterinarian (reportable infectious primary mission is to provide animal dis- The section also conducts data acquisi- diseases, disease of interest, emergency tion and statistical analysis in support of

26 disease notification) is performed weekly available on the lab’s website. The maps • 52 reportable disease reports to the for the typical endemic diseases; unusual are interactive, giving data on demand state veterinarian, 1 hour each week or emergency disease situations are re- at the click of a button. The maps show • 2 custom interactive maps for USDA- ported immediately. real-time disease information diagnosed APHIS, 18 hours In-depth field investigations to bet- for the state of Kentucky. The UKVDL is • 1 custom interactive map for Kentucky ter characterize disease outbreaks for the first veterinary diagnostic lab in the Fish and Wildlife, approximately 9 identifying causative etiology through United States to have this capacity freely hours the collection of diagnostic specimens available to the public. • 168 social media posts for UKVDL and recommending diagnostic testing Highlights official Facebook and Twitter accounts are provided free of charge to any farm/ • 221 telephone consults for suggestions, Invited Talks/Presentations producer in the state of Kentucky at the recommendations, and information • Kentucky Equine Forum, Lexington. request of a local client with the approval related to animal health issues January of the UKVDL administration. • 179 statistics requests from UKVDL • AAVLD. San Diego, CA. October. The section is now producing live and UK faculty, state and federal of- • Lexington Kennel Club, Lexington. disease and diagnostic interactive maps ficials, local veterinarians, and LMU- November utilizing data streams generated in the CVM faculty, up to 15 hours each • Potomac Regional Veterinary Confer- lab’s pathology and diagnostic testing • 368 graphics requests from UKVDL ence, Williamsburg, VA. November. sections. These maps are available to the faculty, state and federal officials, 2–10 • Kentucky Farm Bureau, Louisville. public for all species we see at the lab, hours each December Department Reports Agricultural Economics

The mission statement of the De- development, equine economics, and university-wide initiatives including the partment of Agricultural Economics is environmental and resource economics. Center for Crop Diversification, UKAg to develop and apply knowledge to aid The department currently consists of Equine Programs, the Natural Resources rural and agricultural decision-makers in 21 faculty, 14 professional staff, 13 sup- and Environmental Sciences Program, the addressing economic issues through inte- port staff, and 42 graduate students. The Sustainable Ag Program, and the Grain grated research and educational programs professional staff includes 10 Kentucky and Forage Center of Excellence. that enhance incomes and quality of life Farm Business Analysis (KFBM) special- The department administers both in Kentucky and beyond. Toward that ists. In addition, the department houses M.S. and Ph.D. programs in agricultural end, the department conducts research the Community Economic Development economics. Graduate students make in production economics, farm manage- Initiative of Kentucky (CEDIK), the important contributions to departmental ment, agricultural marketing, agribusi- Kentucky Small Business Development research efforts and frequently present ness management, international trade, Center (SBDC), the college Office of their findings at regional and national agricultural policy, community and rural Diversity, and the college Office of Inter- professional meetings. Graduate students economic development, international national Programs. Departmental faculty also publish regularly in scholarly journals. also contribute to numerous college- and Animal and Food Sciences

The Department of Animal and Food department provides instruction for two Research and Laboratory Facilities Sciences (AFS) is involved in all three undergraduate degree programs, Animal The department has laboratory and mission areas of the college (research, Sciences (approximately 361 students) animal space in W.P. Garrigus Building; teaching, and outreach), and currently and Food Sciences (approximately 35 state-of-the-art beef cattle, sheep, and includes 37 full-time faculty, 14 adjunct students). Animal Sciences majors can swine facilities at C. Oran Little Research faculty, 60 staff employees, 40 graduate choose one of three options: Animal Center; dairy and poultry facilities at students, and 7 postdoctoral scholars. Industry, Food Industry, and Pre-Profes- Coldstream Farm; equine facilities at Our current distribution of faculty effort sional. The Food Sciences degree program Maine Chance Farm; and beef cattle is approximately 34 percent research, 28 meets the requirements for accreditation facilities at the Research and Education percent teaching, 31 percent Extension, by the Institute of Food Technologists Center that are utilized by faculty and and 7 percent special assignment. Over and the National Organization of Food staff for conducting important research the past three years the department has Science Professionals. In addition, the de- and training of graduate students. On- averaged approximately $3.94 million partment is heavily involved in instruction campus laboratories are equipped with per year in direct extramural funding for the multidisciplinary Equine Science instrumentation that allows trace min- and approximately $5.16 million per year and Management undergraduate degree eral, vitamin, lipid, amino acid, hormone, in collaborative extramural funding. The program (approximately 304 students).

27 enzyme, stable, and radioactive isotope ences. Graduate research work in the • Dr. Darrh Bullock received the 2017 analyses. Facilities for meat and food broad areas of nutrition, management, Animal Industry Award given by the processing are also available and support animal care and well-being, and reproduc- American Society of Animal Science. research and graduate student training. tive physiology may be conducted with • Dr. Bob Coleman appointed as the 2017 Research Programs and beef cattle, dairy cattle, horses, poultry, Executive Director for the Equine Sci- Faculty Expertise sheep, swine, and companion animal ence Society Board. species. Students with interests in foods • Dr. Phillip Bridges (current Secretary The department’s faculty and profes- may specialize in meats, dairy products, for NE 1227 Ovarian Influences on sional staff uses a multidisciplinary ap- food microbiology, muscle biology, or Reproductive Success in Ruminants proach to address research areas from the food chemistry. Technical Team) was the recipient of cellular level to production systems, with Significant Achievements the NERA’s 2017 Award for Excellence the ultimate goal of enhancing animal pro- in Multistate Research. duction efficiency, improving health and The faculty, staff, and students in AFS • Bryan Cassill received the 2017 CAFE well-being of animals and people, improv- received numerous acknowledgements of Outstanding Staff Award in Executive/ ing quality of life in society, and providing excellence, including: Administrative Category. consumers with a healthy, safe food supply. • Dr. Robert Harmon received the 2017 • Ann Leed received the 2017 CAFE Current research efforts are a good blend National Mastitis Council Award of Outstanding Staff Award in Executive/ of discovery and applied research. Excellence. Administrative Category. Disciplines of research in AFS include • Dr. Phil Bridges, Dr. Jamie Matthews, • Ning Lu (Ph.D. student with Dr. Merlin human, ruminant, non-ruminant and and Dr. Roy Burris received $29,544.19 Lindemann) was the third place winner equine nutrition, nutritional and anaero- for a 2017 Research Equipment Com- in the Ph.D. poster competition at the bic microbiology, physiology, genetics and petition Award sponsored by the Of- 2017 Midwest Section American Soci- animal breeding, and food science. Fac- fice of the Vice President for Research ety of Animal Science Annual Meeting. ulty and professional staff are involved in (VPR). • Morgan Pyles (M.S. student with Dr. collaborative efforts with other scientists • Dr. Dave Harmon received $10,683.98 Laurie Lawrence) selected to receive a in the College of Agriculture, Food and for a 2017 Research Equipment Com- $300 Travel Funding Award from the Environment and other colleges within petition Award sponsored by the Of- UK Graduate Student Congress. the University of Kentucky, as well as with fice of the Vice President for Research • Caroline Loos (Ph.D. student with Dr. investigators from other research facilities (VPR). Kristine Urschel) received the first place across the U.S. and the world. These kinds • Dr. Richard Coffey elected President- award in the Equine Biosciences Sec- of collaborative efforts allow us to focus Elect of Midwest Section American tion at the 2017 Equine Science Society our research efforts on developing solu- Society of Animal Science. Annual Meeting. tions to complex problems. • Dr. Surendranath Suman received the • Morgan Pyles (M.S. student with Drs. AFS faculty and staff play a key role in 2017 CAFE Bobby Pass Excellence in Laurie Lawrence and Michael Flythe) the University of Kentucky’s Superfund Grantsmanship Award. received third place in the Nutrition Research Center that conducts biomedi- • Dr. Surendranath Suman received the Section at the 2017 Equine Science cal and environmental research with the 2017 CAFE Thomas Poe Cooper Re- Society Annual Meeting. goal of minimizing the negative health search Award. • Derek Nolan (Ph.D. student with Dr. and environmental impacts of organic • Dr. Roy Burris received the 2017 CAFE Jeffrey Bewley) received third place chemicals found in hazardous waste sites. High Impact Research/Extension in the Ph.D. Poster competition at the Other departmental personnel are leading Award. 2017 American Dairy Science Associa- efforts for the Food Systems Innovation • Dr. Gregg Rentfrow received a 2017 tion Annual Meeting. Center, a multidisciplinary program in- UK Teacher Who Made a Difference • Hannah Himmelman (undergraduate volving collaborations between AFS, Ag- Award. research project student with Dr. Jeffrey ricultural Economics, Dietetics and Hu- • Dr. Paul Vijayakumar received the Bewley) was the first place winner in the man Nutrition, and Biosystems and Ag- 2017 Outstanding New Extension Undergraduate Original Research Poster ricultural Engineering, whose programs Faculty Award from the Kentucky competition at the 2017 American Dairy and activities help answer important Association of State Extension Profes- Science Association Annual Meeting. questions for entrepreneurs involved in sionals (KASEP). • Chelsea Folmar (undergraduate re- the local foods industry. Equine research- • Dr. Gregg Rentfrow received the 2017 search project student with Dr. Jeffrey ers in the department are an integral part M.D. Whiteker Award for Excellence Bewley) received first place in the pro- of the college’s Equine Program efforts and in Extension from the Kentucky Asso- duction division at the American Dairy provide innovative nutrition research for ciation of State Extension Professionals Science Association Annual Meeting. one of Kentucky’s signature industries. (KASEP). • Sarah Mac (undergraduate research Graduate Degree Programs • Dr. Tony Pescatore received the 2017 project student with Dr. Jeffrey Bewley) Outstanding Extension Coordinator received third place in the dairy foods AFS provides opportunities for stu- Award from the Kentucky Associa- dents to pursue doctorate (Ph.D.) and division at the American Dairy Science tion of State Extension Professionals Association Annual Meeting. master’s (M.S.) degrees in Animal Sci- (KASEP).

28 Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering

The Department of Biosystems and Research and Extension programs are completed 18 energy assessments for Agricultural Engineering at the Univer- active in bioenvironmental engineering, farmers and rural small businesses to sity of Kentucky began its professional food and bioprocess engineering, ma- upgrade equipment to improve energy engineering curriculum in the fall of 1957. chine systems automation engineering, efficiency, resulting in $2,264 saved per Through December 2017 the program has and controlled environment systems. year for each producer. granted more than 550 bachelor of science Highlights • Two superior ASABE paper awards degrees. The department currently has 18 (Sama and Agouridis). full-time faculty members, 17 of which are • Don Colliver is the director for the • Sue Nokes served as Treasurer for in tenured or tenure-track titles and 1 who Kentucky Industrial Assessment Center ASABE. holds a lecturer title. The department cur- (KIAC) funded by the U.S. Department • Doug Overhults received the UK rently hosts more than 200 undergraduate of Energy. In 2017 KIAC performed Gamma Sigma Delta Service Award students and 29 graduate students. The 19 assessments resulting in recom- and inducted into the Kentucky Poultry department offers three degrees. mendations for annual energy costs Federation Hall of Fame. • Bachelor of science in Biosystems En- savings of $5,423,000, or 28 percent, • Dr. Czarena Crofcheck received the gineering (BSBN) of the annual plants’ energy costs. The Henry Mason Lutes Award for out- • Master of science in Biosystems and average implementation rate of the standing engineering education. Agricultural Engineering (MSBAE) recommendations was 56 percent, with • Sue Nokes led a UK team on an NSF • Doctor of philosophy (Ph.D.) an estimated saving of $17.2 million and Track-2 EPSCOR grant with Louisiana 0.16 million metric tons of CO2 savings State University. Dvorak, Goff, Jackson, The areas of specialization offered for over seven years. Montross, and Sama received funding undergraduate students are bioenviron- • The KIAC won the 2016 DOE IAC from USDA-NIFA. Stombaugh and mental engineering, food and bioprocess Center of the Year award. Dvorak received funding from USDA- engineering, machinery systems automa- • Joe Dvorak and Karin Pekarchik led NIFA. tion engineering, controlled environment a study abroad trip for fourteen BAE • Faculty attracted more than $1.9M systems, pre-biomedical engineering, pre- students in Germany during May. of funding to the University and over veterinary medicine, and pre-med tracks. • Sam McNeill and Doug Overhults $3.6M of collaborative funding. Community and Leadership Development

The mission of the Department of ing cross-disciplinary and collaborative pact on education, teacher efficacy and Community and Leadership Develop- partnerships in all aspects of our research, job satisfaction, and youth and adult ment is to strengthen the capacities of instructional, and outreach programs. partnerships individuals, organizations, and com- Research Programs and • Issues relating to community health, munities to act on their shared visions Faculty Expertise obesity, and supporting the health of and challenges. We do this by basing our SNAP-Ed instructional and outreach programs on All faculty in community and leader- • Topics relating to beginning farmers, science-based research. The department ship development have doctoral degrees family farms and social relationships, was formed in 2002 and brought together in their respective disciplines. They have sustainability, the role of marketing faculty from rural sociology, agricultural strong training from major research uni- projects in Appalachia, and community education, agricultural communication, versities in a variety of fields such as com- food projects and program and staff development. munication, education, rural sociology, • Communications in a community Forming a new department necessitated community development, and cultural context, including issues relating to changes and new approaches in how fac- anthropology. Collaboration among our online journalism, citizen journalism, ulty approached their research endeavors departmental faculty is very strong and role of communication in community as well as restructuring curricula at both extends to other units in the College of development, and community-based the undergraduate and graduate levels. Agriculture, Food and Environment and public health campaigns Undergraduate programs that were pre- other colleges on the UK campus, includ- • Environment and land use, labor of viously instruction-based (community ing College of Arts and Sciences, College agro-diversity, and land and the role of communication and agricultural educa- of Medicine, College of Education, and politics and migration tion, for example) now contain active College of Communications. • Land grant universities and knowledge and successful research components. Significant Research Achievement, in the Black Belt South Revisions to the graduate program led to Honors, and Awards • Encouraging innovations and entre- strengthening the foundations of social Our diverse faculty have varied re- preneurship locally, nationally, and science and research methods. Our over- search interests, including: internationally, including utilization of all focus is moving beyond the disciplinary • Agricultural education including the a community innovation lab to under- approach of the past to a process stress- role of STEM, school scheduling im- stand community engagement.

29 • Understanding communities and development, communications, and rural demonstrate the depth and breadth of community development and the role sociology). The curriculum integrates a their knowledge and skills through ap- of 4-H youth development in com- solid foundation in social science theory plied service or research projects. Finally, munities and research methods. Students are chal- students are expected to contribute their Graduate Degree Program lenged to understand and then apply both expertise as academic, organizational, theory and methods in diverse contexts and community leaders. Many of our fac- The M.S. degree in community and as both independent and collaborative ulty and students collaborate on research, leadership development at the University scholar/professionals. Graduate students teaching, or outreach projects. Their work of Kentucky is a unique multidisciplinary are expected to be engaged professionals often involves a partnership with citizen program that prepares students for a participating in scholarly organizations, groups, community-based organizations, broad range of careers or for pursuing a social change initiatives, community and/or state/local governmental units to Ph.D. in several disciplines (agricultural development associations, or com- address a particular set of social issues. education, agricultural leadership and munity media campaigns. They should Dietetics and Human Nutrition

The Department of Dietetics and registry exam to earn the credential of Fighting World Hunger (UFWH) provide Human Nutrition (DHN) is commit- registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN). An platforms for student leadership develop- ted to being FIRST, a student-centered additional pathway to the B.S. in dietetics ment. department and, with the assistance of is acceptance into the DHN Coordinated Research Programs and many community-based partners, offers Program in Dietetics, which includes the Faculty Expertise a wide range of academic, research, and academic programing plus the dietetic in- community development opportunities. ternship. We offer a certificate in Nutrition DHN addresses community dietary- Our core values are designed to support and Human Performance in conjunction related issues through undergraduate learning, discovery, and engagement and with partners from the College of Health and graduate education, research, and include: Sciences and College of Education. DHN outreach/extension. All DHN under- • Focus on the contributions to excel- implemented a pilot transferable skills graduate students participate in research lence in learning, discovery, and en- workshop to strengthen student personal projects that lead to poster sessions or gagement. statements, resumes, and personal brands. presentations. Faculty are dedicated to • Innovation in ideas will contribute to Since community service is the cor- finding innovative solutions to real-world evidence-based best practices in the nerstone of DHN, opportunities abound problems facing the state of Kentucky, our profession. for students to participate in meaningful nation at large, and the world beyond. • Respect for others will allow service to experiential activities, especially related Long-term goals are to reduce the risks others to be our highest priority. to food insecurity. This year a food ac- of food insecurity, obesity, and chronic • Success is reached by empowering all cess survey was conducted on campus diseases and to contribute to evidence- individuals to reach their full potential. to determine the prevalence of food and based best practices in the profession of • Teamwork fosters partnerships be- housing insecurity among UK students; dietetics and human nutrition. This year, tween students, faculty, alumni, and in the future focus groups will prioritize junior faculty added weight loss manage- community. appropriate solutions. DHN supports the ment with exercise physiology as a new Campus Kitchen at the University of Ken- focus of research. Two undergraduate programs—dietet- tucky (CKUK). CKUK is a student service DHN has state-of-the art facilities ics and human nutrition (350 students)— organization that provides a sustainable for educational and research purposes, are offered, as well as a graduate program approach to reducing food waste while including food preparation and food for an M.S. degree in nutrition and food providing healthy meals to those strug- development laboratories and a BOD systems. The B.S. in human nutrition of- gling with hunger. CKUK recovered 3,325 POD used for standard body composi- fers appropriate preparation for further pounds of food and served 1,785 meals tion assessment. To enhance our ability study or professional careers in nutrition last year. AmeriCorps VISTA oversees to meet the needs of the community, a and other health related fields, particularly supervision of hunger-related opportu- nutrition assessment laboratory was medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, physician nities for the 841 engaged students. In fitted with upgraded body composition assistant, physical therapy, public health, partnership with the Food Connection testing, resting metabolic measurement, food policy, and nutrition research. The at UK, DHN offered Gather at the Table and nutrition counseling by registered B.S. in dietetics prepares individuals to dinners to students experiencing food dietitians on staff. Faculty have expertise be experts in the field of food and nutri- insecurity; participants paid what they in food systems, food insecurity, nutrition tion and is accredited by the Accredita- could for a local, sustainably sourced and and chronic disease, entrepreneurship, tion Council for Education in Nutrition healthful meal accompanied by dialogue. environmental contaminants, and weight and Dietetics (ACEND). Graduates are Other DHN-supported organizations, loss management. Recent funding was prepared to apply for dietetic internships such as Sustainable Solutions to Over- awarded through national competitive to become eligible to sit for the national come Poverty (SSTOP) and Universities processes from the National Institute of

30 Environmental Health Sciences; U.S. De- food systems that allows them to apply Nutrition Outreach; Children, Youth and partment of Agriculture; National Heart, practical and critical thinking skills to Families at Risk; and Behavioral Mindful- Lung and Blood Institute; Cooperative nutrition-related problems in an evolving based Weight Management. We have on State Research, Education and Extension; global society. One hundred percent of staff two Provost Teachers of the Year; National Institute of Food and Agricul- our graduate students are employed after four Kentucky Academy of Nutrition ture; and Centers for Disease Control. graduation. and Dietetics Outstanding Dietitians of Graduate Degree Program Significant Achievements the Year; two participants of the Blue- grass Academic Leadership Academy, DHN offers an M.S. degree in nutrition DHN is successful in empowering an initiative of the Bluegrass Higher and food systems and seeks to educate students, faculty, community partners, Education Consortium; one participant students using a multidisciplinary ap- and clients to reach their full potential of UK’s Women Executive Leadership proach emphasizing the impacts of food in determining their own health through Development Program (WELD)—all in- systems and diet on human health while education, research, and outreach/Exten- dicating the strong leadership abilities of exploring strategies to reduce the risk of sion. DHN is known for such programs as the faculty in the Department of Dietetics chronic disease among individuals and Food Insecurity and Accessibility; Plate It and Human Nutrition. communities. Our goal is to provide stu- Up Kentucky Proud; Homebased Micro- dents with an expertise in nutrition and processing; Lemon Tree Cafe; Superfund Entomology

The Department of Entomology is including Agricultural Biotechnology munity dynamics, and employs integra- continually seeking opportunities to en- (ABT), Sustainable Agriculture, and an tive approaches to develop mitigation hance our abilities to address the changing individualized program in ecntomology strategies. The Rieske-Kinney and Palli needs of our global citizenry and is dedi- within the B.S. program in agriculture. labs teamed up with USDA collaborator cated to providing high-quality research, Faculty teach undergraduate courses that Dr. Duan Jian to develop RNAi-based Extension, and instruction to meet those are key components of several majors methods to control insects that attack needs. Our department strives for creative within the College of Agriculture, Food trees. synergies between fundamental and ap- and Environment (CAFE) (e.g., forestry, Community Entomology plied entomological research, develop- horticulture, and plant and soil sciences) ing long-term answers to entomological and Arts and Sciences (biology). Each Dan Potter’s research program sup- problems while providing answers that semester for the past 15 years the depart- ports sustainable management of insect address immediate short-term needs. We ment has taught a course (ENT 110) that pests and conservation of pollinators, integrate research, graduate education, fulfills a natural sciences requirement in natural enemies, and other beneficial and Extension activities to synergize our the current University Studies Program insects in urban, recreational, and sub- efforts, maximize our productivity, and (USP) at the University of Kentucky. urban landscapes. This group works enhance our effectiveness, and this ap- Faculty are actively engaged in mentor- at the interface of applied ecology and proach has proven successful. ing undergraduate students in research integrated pest management to clarify Historically, we played a key role ad- topics that stimulate creative thinking the interactions between plants, pests, dressing a critical need of the equine and enhance the undergraduate learning and beneficial invertebrates, and their industry through the MRLS (Mare Re- experience while providing a mechanism responses to anthropogenic disturbances productive Loss Syndrome) crisis. More to support graduate education and con- such as pesticide inputs and habitat recently our research, graduate education, tribute to individual research programs. modification. For more than 38 years and Extension activities are addressing this program has generated a substantial Research Programs and Faculty portion of the world’s primary literature pollinator protection and invasive spe- Expertise, Facilities, and Capabilities cies ecology and management in urban, on Japanese beetles, root-feeding white Protection of Natural Resources grubs, scale insects, wood borers, and agricultural, and natural resource settings. from Invasive Pests Our response to the global outbreaks of other key pests of urban landscapes while bed bugs and the Zika virus crisis dem- The Rieske-Kinney’s research group providing guidelines and leadership for onstrate our proactive and progressive integrates field and laboratory approaches implementing conservation biological approaches to responding to critical needs to address behavioral and ecological is- control, host plant resistance, and urban of Kentucky, the nation, and the world. sues in forest ecosystems in the context biodiversity conservation. Faculty in the department are dedi- of herbivore-plant relations, feeding guild The Haynes laboratory conducts re- cated instructors who take pride in their interactions, and interactions among search on bed bug biology, behavior, and graduate and undergraduate teaching. plant stressors. With an emphasis on inva- control. The reemergence of this blood- Graduate course content is continually sive species, this group is evaluating how feeding insect as a major pest in the urban evaluated for relevance and effectiveness. disturbance forces directly and indirectly environment has led to focused attention Our faculty are actively involved in a num- impact arthropod abundance, herbivory on a wide range of issues related to their ber of undergraduate degree programs, and herbivore success, and forest com- biology and control. This group has de-

31 termined that resistance to pyrethroids is We are currently collaborating with an the molecular, cellular, organismal, and widespread and is likely the major factor abatement district in California to field population level, with a particular focus in the recent resurgence of bed bugs. Our trial a mosquito-suppression approach. on stress associated with overwintering. discovery of this insecticide resistance, The Brown laboratory provides teach- Overwintering conditions vary strongly which has been corroborated by several ing, research, and service regarding insect- across latitudinal gradients, and climate other groups, has fundamentally changed borne diseases and other arthropod- change is leading to warmer and more the way the pest control industry deals related human health problems. The lab variable winter conditions. Three spe- with this pest and undoubtedly resulted in provides services to the professional and cific areas of research in this lab are (1) improved pest management procedures. lay community in the area of public health investigating the cellular and molecular These pest management procedures education. They maintain a reference col- mechanisms governing rapid responses include the use of combination products lection of the commonwealth’s mosquito to low temperature, (2) integrating as alternatives to pyrethroids (typically a fauna, as well as other arthropod vectors. physiology and genomics to understand pyrethroid and a neonicotinoid), inhibi- Insomuch as possible, the lab provides arthropod adaptations to Antarctica and tors of oxidative phosphorylation (such mosquito, tick, sand fly, and other vector other extreme environments, and (3) as chlorfenapyr), and desiccants (most identifications for state and county public investigating the genetic basis of freeze notably silica gel). Collaborations among health authorities, and answers questions tolerance, i.e., the ability of select insects Haynes, Palli, and Mike Potter pursued from the public and media concerning to survive internal freezing. While much research on bed bugs in diverse and public health entomology issues. The of this research is basic, there is also inter- exciting directions, including identifica- lab carries out cooperative research est in applications of insect stress biology; tion of genes responsible for insecticide projects with many varied organizations, specifically, an ongoing project funded by resistance among bed bug populations both public and private. These programs the USDA which uses transgenic methods collected from across the United States. include disease surveillance programs, to enhance the stress tolerance of insects They have also collaborated with UK vector ecology research, and public health used in sterile release programs. Insights Agricultural Economics on assessing im- education. Laboratory staff are available from cold tolerance work may inform pacts of bed bugs on the hotel and lodging to address questions from the media organ cryopreservation efforts. industry. concerning insects and other arthropods Insect diseases ubiquitously affect Medical Entomology-Disease posing a public health threat. populations of beneficial and pest insects. Vector Management Fundamental/Translational Research The Webb lab focuses on the effects of in- sect viruses of Lepidoptera to understand The invasive Asian tiger mosquito Interfering with regulatory mecha- both their beneficial role in controlling Aedes albopictus is a significant biting pest nisms involved in critical physiological insect populations and how insect viruses and competent vector in a large portion of processes such as molting, metamorpho- may be modified to regulate and control the United States, including Kentucky. A sis, diapause, and apoptosis can result in lepidopteran pest populations. Research component of the current research in the the death of pest insects. Studying some of in the Zhou lab is focused on the under- Dobson lab is dedicated to understand- these processes of pest insects and disease standing of (1) the genetic underpinnings ing how Aedes albopictus behaves in a vectors at the molecular level may help govern social behaviors in eusocial ter- non-endemic habitat. Ongoing research in the identification of targets that can be mites and (2) the evolution of eusociality is centered on a series of mark-release- used for pest and disease vector control. in the wood-feeding dictyopterans. This recapture (MRR) experiments in which The Palli laboratory uses whole genome research is particularly interested in genes both traditional and novel insect mark- sequence data and functional genomics potentially affecting caste differentiation ing technologies are applied to mark approaches including transcriptomics, (worker-solider and worker-reproductive non-biting male mosquitoes, which are metabolomics, RNA interference (RNAi), transition, respectively) and termite be- released into the environment and then and genome editing to identify genes that haviors (aggression, isolation, undertak- recaptured at various times thereafter. are critical for the survival of insects. The ing, learning and memory, foraging, and Results obtained from this research will genes identified are being used to develop parental care). help estimate dispersal, longevity, and high throughput screening assays for The Rittschof laboratory studies the relative population sizes in the field, identification target-specific insecticides, evolutionary consequences and mecha- which will enhance understanding and as well as to perform toxicogenomics and nistic underpinnings of behavioral plas- the ability to control this pest species. pharmacogenomics that can help to elu- ticity, particularly in the context of social The interaction between mosquitoes and cidate the effects of candidate pesticides interactions that influence health and their Wolbachia infections, which are on the pest ecosystem. immune function as well as behavior. obligate, intracellular bacteria that can Environmental stress is a major deter- Current research focuses on socially in- affect insect reproduction, are also being minant of insect population dynamics duced variation in aggression and other studied. In addition to characterizing the and species ranges. The Teets’s lab inves- aggression-related behavioral phenotypes general impacts on mosquito fitness, we tigates the physiological and molecular in the honeybee, as well as the neurobio- are also developing strains and strategies mechanisms by which insects tolerate logical underpinnings of these behaviors. that may be used for manipulating medi- environmental stress using an integra- Aggression in honeybees is of particular cally important mosquito populations. tive approach to understand stress at interest because research shows that high

32 aggression is associated with health resil- portal/index.php). They developed and many to be the bottleneck for establish- ience. This research combines perspec- published a better understanding of the ing RNAi as a viable pest control alterna- tives from behavioral ecology, behavioral relationships among braconid wasps and tive. Research in the Zhou laboratory is genomics, and neuroscience. their host associations. This knowledge focused on (1) the development of an The Fox group works on the evolution could aid in biological control efforts in ecological risk assessment framework of insect life histories and behavior and cases where one or more hosts become to assess the potential risks associated the scientific peer review process. The pests, as species-specific parasitoids have with RNAi transgenic crops and (2) the primary focus of the research continues to been among the most successful biologi- integration of RNAi into pest control be at the interface of ecology, evolutionary cal control agents. Research has led to a practices against urban pests, including biology, behavior, and genetics of insects. better understanding of the identifica- dsRNA-mediated baiting system for ter- Our major projects over the past couple of tion and phylogenetic relationships of mite control. years have focused on four themes: adap- the parasitoid species contained within, Graduate Degree Programs tation to new environments (a long-term which is essential information when de- experimental evolution experiment using veloping biological control programs. The Department of Entomology offers graduate work leading to the Master of the agricultural pest seed beetle, Calloso- Agricultural Entomology: Sustainable IPM bruchus maculatus), the mechanisms un- Science (Plan A—thesis and Plan B—non- derlying adaptive life history plasticity in a The long-term goals of the Obrycki thesis) and the Doctor of Philosophy seed beetles that exhibits plasticity in egg research group are to improve human degrees. The graduate student handbook size (using the non-pest seed beetle, Sta- attempts to manipulate and enhance is updated as needed and is available on tor limbatus), the ecology and genetics of populations of predatory insects based the department’s website (http://www. inbreeding depression, and the evolution on a fundamental understanding of ca.uky.edu/entomology/dept/gradpro- of genital spines and mating behavior in population-level variation in these natural gram.asp). Individual graduate programs response to sexual conflict in seed beetles. enemies. Human-assisted movement and are planned by students in consultation The inbreeding depression work focuses release of insect parasitoids and predatory with their advisor, advisory committee, on (1) the genetics and environmental insects for the suppression of arthropod and the director of Graduate Studies. sensitivity of inbreeding depression (es- pests represent one of the major prac- Study and research are available in various pecially focusing on responses to stress), tices of biological control. Delineating the areas of entomology including applied (2) the influence of inbreeding on the population structure of widely distributed entomology, behavior, biochemistry, evolution of mating behavior, and (3) how species provides a strong basis for under- biological control, ecology, genetics, plant mating behavior mediates inbreeding and standing population-level differences, resistance, insect biology, medical and vet- inbreeding depression. which in species manipulated by humans erinary entomology, molecular biology, Research in the Sharkey lab focuses may be critical to understanding the con- physiology, systematics, and taxonomy. largely on the taxonomy, phylogenetics, sequences of our activities. The discipline of entomology, similar to and systematics of parasitic wasps in the Recent efforts in the White lab have all agricultural and biological sciences, has family Braconidae. Members of this family revealed that a facultative symbiont dic- evolved significantly during the past two are parasitoids of other insects and many tates the breadth of host plants attacked decades and continues to undergo rapid are important in the natural and biological by an agricultural pest, the cowpea aphid. changes. To increase flexibility in the core control of insect pests. The major goals Such findings have major implications curricula, the Ph.D. and M.S. core curri- are to produce phylogenetic hypotheses for understanding sudden shifts in crop cula are the responsibility of the graduate (classifications) for genera and higher taxa attack patterns by pest insects. We have faculty in Entomology, which represents of selected parasitic wasps and to describe subsequently started collaborating to a change from prior responsibility at the and provide identification keys for constit- characterize bacterial symbionts in a dif- graduate school level. uent taxa. In doing so, they have increased ferent aphid, the sugarcane aphid, which Student Achievements in the specimen holdings at the Hyme- has recently exhibited such a host plant shift, to devastating effect in sorghum Entomology students presented at noptera Institute and other museums for many conferences and won numerous comparative and morphological study. In crops. RNAi has become a widely used re- awards. A few notable examples: the past five years, they deposited thou- • Ph.D. student Smitha George won the sands of specimens identified to species. verse genetic tool to study gene function in eukaryotic organisms and is being Excellent Presentation Award at the By providing identification services, the 2017 International Congress of Ento- program benefits by being able to catalog developed as a technology for insect pest control. Four laboratories in this depart- mology (ICE) Conference. specimen information, and the museums • M.S. student Adam Baker won the benefit by having their specimens identi- ment (Palli, Rieske-Kinney, Webb, and Zhou) are working on RNAi. The Palli and Gamma Sigma Delta Outstanding fied by world-recognized experts. They Graduate Student Award for 2017. added digital information on thousands of Webb labs are developing methods for us- ing nanoformulation of double-stranded • Ph.D. student Smitha George, Ph.D. braconid specimens to an ever-growing, student Emily Nadeau, and M.S. stu- web-accessible Integrated Digitized Bio- RNA to control insects that attack crops and trees and transmit infectious diseases. dent Sarah Preston won first place in collection (IDigBio)–supported database the ESA 2017 student competition for (http://symbiota4.acis.ufl.edu/scan/ The lack of standardized ecological risk assessment procedures is considered by the president’s prize.

33 • M.S. student Andrea “Glenn” Skiles Faculty Awards and Honors • S. Reddy Palli was named fellow of the received a $1,000 travel award to at- • S. Reddy Palli won the 2017 ESA Nan- American Association for Advance- tend the American Mosquito Control Yao Su Award for innovation and cre- ment of Science. Association’s Washington Day. ativity in entomology. • Michael Potter won KPMA’s Lifetime • Ph.D. student Leslie Potts won the • Jennifer White won the George E. Achievement Award for his dedicated UK Women’s Club Graduate Student Mitchell Award for Service to Graduate service to the pest management indus- Scholarship for 2017. Students from GSD. try in Kentucky.

Family Sciences

Family Sciences is a strong unit that labs: the Adolescent Development Lab faculty members are supervising theses makes significant contributions to the directed by Alexander Vazsonyi and the and dissertations. College of Agriculture, Food and Envi- Family Interaction Research Lab directed We have systematically investigated ronment and the University of Kentucky. by Ronald Werner-Wilson, both sup- appropriate online course delivery and The department generates some of the ported by endowments. have received approval to teach several highest student credit hours in the college, Our graduate program has continued courses online. We identified a handful our majors contribute to the university’s to grow, and we have recruited more of courses that seemed appropriate to this compelling interest in diversity, and our diverse students, including international delivery strategy and identified tactics to research productivity (controlling for students and students from traditionally ensure rigor and minimize academic mis- research distribution of effort) is one of underrepresented groups. We success- conduct (i.e., requiring Proctor U for all the highest in the college. Our research fully mentor these graduate students by online courses offered by our department) profile is enhanced by the fact that two providing them opportunities to publish that can plague this approach to teach- faculty members in the department with faculty members, and they are ing. We have also become more active in edit respected journals in our field. The graduating and successfully competing providing study abroad opportunities to department includes two active research for positions. Faculty mentoring is occur- students, including experiences in Greece, ring throughout the department as more Korea, Japan, and Costa Rica. Forestry

Kentucky has 12 million acres of undergraduate and graduate programs Kentucky’s $13 billion forest industry ecologically and commercially valuable ensures that society continues to have a while providing significant eco-system forests, covering nearly one-half of the pipeline of professionals who can bring services contributing to Kentucky’s rich Commonwealth, and the Department of cutting-edge science to address significant biologic diversity. Our department fully Forestry and Natural Resources (FNR) economic, ecologic, and social issues recognizes the importance of our con- focuses on providing research-based solu- that impact the well-being of our forests, tribution to sustainable management of tions to critical local and global forest and natural resources, and society as a whole. the state’s forests and related resources as related natural resources issues. Science Our thirteen faculty members pro- reflected in the department’s stated mis- informs our Bachelor of Science in Forest- duced over 100 research products and sion “to enhance the ecological, economic, ry degree program, the only professionally resources in 2017. This research was used and social benefits of forests and related accredited forestry program in Kentucky, by our nationally recognized forestry Ex- natural resources to elevate the quality of and our Master of Science in Forest and tension program providing science-based life for Kentuckians and beyond.” Natural Resource Sciences program. Our management strategies and alternatives In summary, FNR focuses on sup- research faculty also play a key role in the for critical wildlife, forest, and water re- porting the College of Agriculture, Food College of Agriculture, Food and Envi- lated issues. In 2017 our Extension faculty and Environment in striving to promote ronment’s portfolio of natural resource and staff reached over 1 million individu- the integration of research, instruction, programs including the undergraduate als and/or businesses through web, direct and Extension. The scope and economic Natural Resources and Environmental mail, and 222 face-to-face programs. importance of forests and forestry make Science degree program as well as men- Practice adoption rates ranged 15 to 98 it imperative that we continually work to toring students through several of the percent impacting 471,528 acres, resulting discover new knowledge, address issues college’s M.S. and Ph.D. programs such as in a direct economic contribution of over of importance, and impart our findings the interdisciplinary Integrated Plant and $95 million dollars saved or earned. The to the Commonwealth, the nation, and Soil Sciences program. The engagement forest impacted by our research supplies the world. of our research faculty in a broad array of the resource for a significant portion of

34 Horticulture

The Department of Horticulture taking active roles throughout the college • Dr. Krista Jacobsen was named winner continues to move toward a position and university and are shaping the future of the Gamma Sigma Delta Master of national leadership in organic and of the department. The department has Teacher Award. sustainable horticultural production had a significant increase in the number • Dr. Krista Jacobsen accepted the posi- practices. It also continues as a major of competitive grant dollars and research tion of interim director of the Tracy player in the College of Agriculture, publications per FTE in research, as well Farmer Institute for Sustainability and Food and Environment for undergradu- as an increase in the quality of publica- the Environment. ate programs in sustainable agriculture, tions over the past two years. The depart- • Dr. Krista Jacobsen attended the Fast- horticulture plant science, agriculture ment’s research farm is home to a 30-acre Track Leadership training at Chapel and medical biotechnology, and the organic farming unit and the Commu- Hill, NC. undergraduate certificate program in nity Supported Agriculture program. • Ms. Monica Shuler received a $1,000 distillation, wine, and brewing sciences. Horticulture graduate faculty actively award from the dean’s office in sup- The department has basic and applied participate in the integrated plant and port of professional staff improvement research programs with national and soil science graduate program by teaching activities. international reputations particularly in in graduate level courses and mentoring • Ms. Shari Dutton received a $1,000 the area of biofuels, plant microbiomes, graduate students. The department hired award from the dean’s office in support of cellulose metabolism, life-cycle analyses, two new faculty members scheduled to professional staff improvement activities. agroecology, seed biology, and basic plant start in 2018. Horticulture faculty and • The department hosted a dinner recep- physiology and biochemistry. Our most staff have received numerous awards and tion at our organic research farm for Mr. productive young faculty members are recognition in 2017, including: John Piotti, the American Farmland Trust regional leader. Landscape Architecture

The primary mission of the Depart- ing with other CEDIK Extension faculty tural landscape preservation has led to ment of Landscape Architecture (LA) is and staff, are facilitating design and development of innovative methods the B.S. degree in Landscape Architecture planning work in communities that for historic rural site documentation. degree program, which prepares students are re-envisioning their downtowns Lidar-derived elevation models and for entry into the profession of landscape to become vibrant places that sup- pan-chromatically sharpened historic architecture. The University of Kentucky port social, economic, physical, and aerial photographs are able to yield has the only program in the Common- civic opportunities. This work is part of information on linear feature locations wealth accredited by the Landscape CEDIK’s Regional Downtown Revital- and vegetation patterns over large areas, Architectural Accreditation Board. The ization program in cooperation with a significantly reducing fieldwork effort. department serves as the academic home range of regional and local partners in • A multi-year effort by Brian Lee and for Landscape Journal, the premier aca- the Kentucky Promise Zone. collaborators has resulted in the publi- demic journal in landscape architecture, • Ryan Hargrove’s program in peda- cation of an edited book entitled Water edited by Professor Brian Lee. Among gogical research in metacognition in Kentucky that includes chapters from many efforts to advance the journal, he and creative thinking contributes to faculty, staff, and graduate students in led a research and publishing workshop an important body of research in de- Forestry and Natural Resources, Bio- in Beijing, Peoples Republic of China, as sign education and directly benefits systems and Agricultural Engineering, part of his responsibilities as editor. students beyond the landscape ar- Agricultural Economics, Plant and Soil Research in the department is largely chitecture degree program. The 2017 Science, and the Dean’s Office as well in the areas of design thinking and meta- Gear-up program led by Dr. Hargrove as authors from institutions across the cognition, geospatial analysis, stream immersed a group of high school stu- Commonwealth. morphology and change, and cultural dents into creative thinking methods • With co-principal investigators at landscape preservation. The depart- in a three-week residential program at Purdue University–Agronomy, Brian ment also engages in an active program the university. The Creative Study Tour Lee completed work on a Higher Edu- of community design assistance, led by annually connects UK students with cation Challenge Grant focused on a Extension faculty member Jayoung Koo, the country’s most creative people in a new digital tool to help teach how to who collaborates with the college’s Com- variety of disciplines including cooking, read the landscape through the location munity Economic Development Initiative songwriting, and architecture; visiting and interpretation of soils. Users access of Kentucky. their workplaces for dialog about their the tool through an iPad application as Highlights creative processes. well as Soilexplorer.net. This digital tool • Research by Ned Crankshaw, Brian has been shown to improve student • Jayoung Koo and LA Extension Pro- Lee, and other collaborators using understanding of large-scale landscapes gram Manager Ryan Sandwick, work- remote sensing techniques for cul- in several courses.

35 • Chris Sass has focused his applied addition, this research begins to address low impact development throughout research on using GIS strategies and social ills linked to a lack of urban forest new development areas. models to aid in the understanding of in long neglected areas of town. Imple- • Ned Crankshaw was named to the the urban forest canopy within Lex- mentation of this model to guide urban Council of Fellows of the American ington’s Urban Service Boundary. In canopy planting strategies will help in Society of Landscape Architects. advancing social justice and increasing Plant and Soil Sciences

An overarching goal in the Depart- Many of our students are enrolled for Kentucky’s unique early-adapter posi- ment of Plant and Soil Sciences is to M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in the relatively new tion in the U.S. Our industrial hemp improve, through scholarly research, the Integrated Plant and Soil Sciences program, agronomic program leads the way in understanding of plant and soil systems as however students are still also receiving developing production recommenda- sustainable resources for human use while degrees from several legacy programs. tions, evaluating varieties, identifying preserving and enhancing environmental Highlights challenges and knowledge gaps for U.S. quality. We address a broad subject mat- hemp production, and exploring alter- ter including the chemistry, physics, and • The grain crops and soils programs, with native usages for hemp. Because of our biology of plant, soil, and environmental heightened visibility resulting from the unique position, the program hosted a systems ranging from the molecular, to investment in the Grain and Forage large, national-level hemp meeting in the whole plant, to the ecosystem scale. Center for Excellence, are addressing the Lexington in September. This diverse research portfolio underlays challenges of maximizing crop produc- • Spurred by recent, serious herbicide our participation in the Integrated Plant tion while preserving environmental application issues and by the continu- and Soil Sciences graduate program. The quality. Responding to rising population, ing identification of herbicide-resistant department includes 46 full-time faculty food demands, and climate change, proj- weeds in Kentucky and beyond, the members and nearly 50 graduate students ects explore the potential for irrigation weed science group has been active and 60 staff employees. Our distribution to boost yields in Western Kentucky, in conducting Dicamba trainings, of faculty effort is approximately 50 per- best management practices, and tech- disseminating information regarding cent research with the remainder divided nology to keep nutrients on fields and the issues surrounding this herbicide between Extension, administration, and out of waterways, using breeding to and best management practices, and instruction. Over the past five years the de- improve crop nutrient use efficiency, investigating new strategies for weed partment has averaged $3,870,091 annually and exploring new specialty crops. An management and control. in extramural funding and in 2016–2017 NIFA-AFRI–funded grant will enhance • Four competitive grants, totaling almost received $213,223 in grant funding per full- undergraduate training in applied agro- $1M, were received to support research time researcher. Both numbers are higher nomic research and Extension. exploring ways to improve nanoparticle than those reported last year. • The industrial hemp research program delivery and understand the environ- has grown substantially, reflecting mental fate of nanomaterials. Plant Pathology

The mission of the Department of In 2017, peer-reviewed publications Science and Engineering Foundation, Plant Pathology is to improve understand- addressed plant pathogenic viruses, bac- United Soybean Board and Kentucky ing of plant disease through research, and teria, fungi, oomycetes and nematodes, Soybean Promotion Board, and corporate to utilize this knowledge to educate stu- several first reports of plant diseases in sponsors such as Alltech (Nicholasville, dents, producers, and other stakeholders Kentucky, and management of diseases in KY) and Takeda Pharmaceuticals, as well in Kentucky about plant disease manage- numerous crops such as soybean, wheat, as generous commodity support. ment. The department promotes plant kale, and sorghum. Research included The department also maintains plant health throughout the Commonwealth major advances in plant mechanisms disease diagnosis laboratories on the and encourages the use of economical, of disease resistance, virus replication Lexington and Princeton campuses, science-based disease management prac- and evolution, genomics and evolution which analyzed 2,808 plant samples and tices intended also to minimize negative of plant-pathogenic and endophytic made a total of 3,507 disease diagnoses. environmental impacts. The department fungi, genetics of endophyte toxins and These laboratories provide up-to-date closely integrates research, Ph.D. and M.S. endophyte-tall fescue interactions. These diagnostic records integrated with the degree programs, numerous undergradu- research programs were supported by Southern and National Plant Diagnostic ate internships, and Cooperative Exten- grants from the U.S. Department of Ag- Networks and are essential for timely and sion and other outreach programs. riculture, National Science Foundation, effective Cooperative Extension programs National Institutes of Health, Kentucky for growers and other stakeholders.

36 Retailing and Tourism Management

The Department of Retailing and Graduate Degree Programs around future career goals. Students are Tourism Management (RTM) is com- RTM graduate students have the option given the option to choose a thesis or non- mitted to excellence in teaching, service, to complete their master’s work through thesis track to complete their degree. A and research resulting from innovative an internship experience. Students in our non-thesis project is an alternative option interdisciplinary education with a global, program can now choose to complete their for students who wish to complete a cre- product, and consumer focus. As set forth program through three different pathways: ative project focusing on the application by the mission, vision, and goals of the uni- thesis, non-thesis, or an internship project. of new or existing knowledge. The appli- versity, the teaching, research, and service The internship project allows students to cant is expected to have an undergraduate programs support student development get real hands-on experience in a retailing/ degree in hospitality management and and contribute to the economic and merchandising field. The graduate program tourism, or a closely related field. social well-being of the Commonwealth, internship is set with higher expectations Online Master’s Degree Program the nation, and the world. Students build than an undergraduate internship, as stu- outstanding business and customer ser- As of fall 2017, the University of Ken- dents are expected to be at a managerial or tucky College of Agriculture, Food and vice competencies in retail and hospitality corporate level to complete their work. Stu- organizations in a changing society. Op- Environment has launched its first online dents complete a semester-long internship master’s degree program in retailing and portunities are provided for experiential then present their findings and suggestions education through industry-related work tourism management. This offering is an for the business in their internship defense. opportunity to reach those professionals experiences, internships, study tours, The new pathway provides unique and and exchange programs. Graduates are already working in the industry who want beneficial ways for students to shape their to take that next step with their careers but prepared for careers in the merchandis- master’s degree to match future career goals. ing, hospitality, and tourism industries can’t quit their jobs and come to campus. in the developing experience economy. Merchandising, Apparel, and Textiles The online program offers the same con- The department offers the B.S. and M.S. Students are given the option to choose tent professors teach in classrooms. The Retailing and Tourism Management. a thesis or non-thesis track to complete same professors who lead the on-campus The vision of the new Department their degree. A non-thesis track is an al- classes will lead the corresponding online of Retailing and Tourism Management ternative option for students who wish to courses. Each online class has an identi- is to produce students who are globally, complete a creative project focusing on the cal platform to maintain consistency and product, and consumer focused and who application of new or existing knowledge. create familiarity within the program for have a competitive foundation in the A non-thesis student’s research culminates students. Students in the online program developing experience economy. Faculty into an actual project such as a mini cloth- may also choose to complete an internship have increased the student participation ing line, a business plan, or curation of a instead of a thesis to graduate. in study abroad programs through fund- costume collection. The M.S. degree in Faculty Expertise raising and scholarships. The develop- merchandising, apparel, and textiles offers Faculty have continued to develop and ment of an advisory board has created students unique and imaginative options publish in areas important to enhancing a resource that provides students with for completing their graduate degrees. The the literature in the area of retailing and more industry-related exposure and applicant is expected to have an under- touring management. Topics include food in-class student engagement. Research graduate degree in merchandising, apparel, tourist segmentation (cross-cultural com- done by faculty on soft skills development and textiles, or a closely related field. parisons between China and America), warranted the need to revise upper level Hospitality Management and Tourism impulsive tourist shopping, cross-cultural courses to include soft skills curriculum. research, social media and hospitality The department has expanded educa- A combination of course work, inde- pendent study, and research experience and tourism management, the concept tional opportunities for student learning of loyalty in hospitality and tourism, and by developing an online master’s degree. compile the hospitality management and tourism graduate curriculum to provide the theoretical development, practice, and The program began in fall 2017 with five future research directions. students. students with a program of study designed Veterinary Science

The mission of the Department of importance to our program. Faculty in The overriding research goal of the Veterinary Science is to assure the health the Department of Veterinary Science department is to improve the health and viability of animal agriculture through frequently collaborate on research proj- and well-being of the horse through teaching, discovery, research, and service. ects with faculty in UK’s College of Agri- the generation and application of new The dissemination of new knowledge and culture, Food and Environment and the knowledge. Research programs within information generated from these activi- College of Medicine, and with veterinar- the Department of Veterinary Science ties to our stakeholders is of paramount ians in Central Kentucky and scientists at encompass various disciplines, including other institutions worldwide. infectious disease, immunology, para-

37 sitology, reproduction, musculoskeletal Howe). The reproduction group (Ball, distributed throughout each of the re- diseases, genetics, and pharmacology. Esteller-Vico, McDowell, and Troeds- search disciplines in our program. Their The infectious disease group focuses son) works on various aspects of equine research projects address important on ways to improve the diagnosis, treat- fertility and the regulation of pregnancy, issues of equine health ranging from ment, and prevention of diseases caused including embryonic development. discovery of science approaches using by important equine pathogens, including The musculoskeletal group continues state-of-the-art cellular and molecular equine arteritis virus (Timoney, Balas- to work on the molecular regulation of techniques through translational studies uriya), equine herpesvirus (Balasuriya, chondrocytes (MacLeod) as well as the with direct clinical applications. There are Chambers), equine infectious anemia underlying molecular basis for equine also four post-doctoral scientists in the virus (Issel, Cook), and equine influenza stenotic myelopathy (Janes). There is also program and a visiting scientist from UC virus (Chambers), as well as those bacte- continued interest in understanding the Davis. We also host students from other rial infections caused by Rhodococcus underlying and predisposing pathologies departments and universities who work equi (Horohov, Shaffer). The research associated with racing-associated break- on research projects with our faculty. emphasis of the immunology program downs (MacLeod, Kennedy, Janes). The The service mission of the department focuses on immune function and dysfunc- genetics group contributes to our overall includes the diagnostic services provided tion in foals (Horohov), aged horses, and understanding of the equine genome and by the UKVDL (detailed elsewhere), those with endocrinopathies (Adams). its role in various diseases of the horse genetic testing services provided by the Parasitology research focuses on ways to (Bailey, Balasuriya), as well as providing Genetics Testing Laboratory, and our pro- reduce the impact of parasitic infections genetic testing services to various breed grammatic outreach efforts. These efforts through improved diagnostic and treat- organizations (Graves). The pharmacol- include lay publications (Equine Disease ment strategies against intestinal worms ogy program continues its focus on the Quarterly), e-publications (Bluegrass (Nielsen, Lyons) and Sarcocystis neurona effect of environmental contamination on Equine Digest) and the hosting of seminars (Howe), the cause of equine protozoal racehorse blood testing results (Tobin). and meetings that inform veterinarians myeloencephalitis. This work includes The education mission of the Depart- and other stakeholders of our most recent the development of a novel technology for ment of Veterinary Science focuses on research accomplishments. The faculty determining parasite burdens in horses providing opportunities for our students also provides expert consultation service (Nielsen), identification of the develop- to develop the skills necessary to become to various segments of the equine indus- ment of anthelmintic resistance (Lyons), the next generation of scientists. There are try, serve on university committees, and and host-parasite interactions (Nielsen, currently 20 Ph.D. and 3 M.S. students participate in national and international in our department. These students are professional organizations.

Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station Projects Hatch, McIntire-Stennis, and Animal Health projects for calendar year 2017, as reported in the USDA Current Research Information System (CRIS) database, follow. Agricultural Economics The Importance of U.S. Food and Agricultural Limitations in Small Intestinal Carbohydrate Agricultural and Rural Finance Markets in Trade in a New Global Market Environment— Assimilation in Beef Cattle—Harmon, D. Transition (NC1014, NC221, NCT-194)— Reed, M. Management Systems to Improve the Economic and Environmental Sustainability of Dairy Freshwater, D. Animal and Food Sciences Benefits and Costs of Natural Resources Policies Enterprises (Rev NC-1119)—Bewley, J.M. Affecting Ecosystem Services on Public and Construction of Active Protein Membranes for Mastitis Resistance to Enhance Dairy Food Private Lands—Schieffer, J. the Formation of Functional Oil-in-Water Food Safety—Bewley, J.M. Economic Effects of Adaptive Behavior with Emulsions—Xiong, Y. Metabolic Relationships in Supply of Nutrients Precision Agriculture Technology—Dillon, C. Development of Methodology for the Analyses for Lactating Cows (NC 1009)—McLeod, K.R. Equine Markets and Economic Decision Making of Intrinsic Free Radicals in Foods— National Animal Nutrition Program—Cromwell, in the Equine Industry—Stowe, C. Boatwright, W. G.L.; Lindemann, M. Food Safety Incidents and the Food Supply Effects of Selenium in Free-Choice Mineral- Nutritional Systems for Swine to Increase Chain: The Impacts on Consumers and Vitamin Mixes on Genes, Proteins, and Reproductive Efficiency—Lindemann, M. Producers and the Price Analysis and Metabolites of Beef Cattle Consuming Ovarian Influences on Embryonic Survival in Dynamics of Price Adjustment along the Endophyte-infected Tall Fescue.—Matthews, J.C. Ruminants—Bridges, P.J. Food Supply Chain in an Environment of Enhancing the Competitiveness and Value of U.S. Poultry Production Systems and Well-being: Food Safety Incidents and Highly Integrated Beef—Suman, S. Sustainability for Tomorrow—Adedokun, S. Monopolistically Competitive Agriculture and Enteric Diseases of Food Animals: Enhanced Regulating the Signaling Pathways that Food Industries—Saghaian, S.H. Prevention, Control, and Food Safety— Determine Skeletal Muscle Mass—Urschel, K. Food Safety Standards and Certification: Newman, M. Biosystems and Agricultural Implications for Producers and Certifiers— Environmental Pollutants, Nutrition, and Zheng, Y. Vascular Endothelial Cell Function—Hennig, B. Engineering Modeling and Testing Kentucky Farmers’ Use of Factors Affecting Phosphorus Concentrations Animal Production Systems: Synthesis of Climate and Weather Forecasts—Kusunose, Y. and Phosphorus Digestibility in Pasture Methods to Determine Triple Bottom Line Strategic Response of Supply Chain Managers Herbage Consumed by Grazing Animals— Sustainability from Findings of Reductionist and Food Industry Leaders—Saghaian, S.H. Lawrence, L. Research—Taraba, J. The Impact of Enhancing Community Capitals Integrated Approach to Enhance Efficiency of on Rural Economic Development—Davis, A. Feed Utilization in Beef Production Systems— Matthews, J.C.

38 Development of a Distributed Control and Mechanisms of Aggression and Health Resilience The Influence of Social Media on Attendee Data Acquisition System for Variable-rate in the Honey Bee Apis mellifera—Rittschof, C. Behavior—Lu, Y. Applications in Precision Agriculture—Sama, Molecular Analysis of Insecticide Resistance— M. Palli, S.S. Plant and Soil Sciences Engineering for Food Safety and Quality— Quantifying the Effect of Habitat Structure on A Comparison of Soil Seed Bank Dynamics Adedeji, A. Biological Control—Harwood, J.D. of Herbicide Resistant and Nonresistant Integrated Systems Research and Development Research, Development, and Implementation Amaranthus Species—Baskin, C. in Automation and Sensors for Sustainability of of Mosquito Management Components in A Key to Unlocking the Seed Size and Number Specialty Crops—Dvorak, J. Kentucky—Brown, G. Dilemma: A New Approach to Make Bigger Mechanisms of Gene Regulation during Plant Spatiotemporal Relationships in Forest-floor Seeds for Better Yield—Kawashima, T. Embryogenesis—Perry, S. Food Webs—Harwood, J.D. Beneficial Reuse of Residual and Reclaimed Quantification of Best Management Practice Systematics, Taxonomy, Biodiversity, and Food Water: Impact on Soil Ecosystem and Human Effectiveness for Water Quality Protection at Web Interactions of Ichneumonidae (Insecta: Health (formerly W 2170)—D’Angelo, E. the Watershed Scale—Edwards, D. Hymenoptera)—Sharkey, M.; Chapman, E. Breeding and Genetics of Forage Crops to The Science and Engineering for a Biobased Improve Productivity, Quality, and Industrial Industry and Economy—Shi, J. Forestry Uses—Phillips, T.D. Autecology and Population Dynamics of Determining Potential Interactions of Genetics Community and Leadership Reintroduced Elk in a Denatured Landscape of and Management in Maize—Lee, C. Development Appalachia: Implications for Management of Ecophysiology of Soybean Yield and Water A Framework for Secondary Schools Agriscience Kentucky’s Mixed-mesophytic Forest—Cox, J. Use Efficiency: Experimental and Modeling Education Programs that Emphasizes the Evaluating the Use of Light Detection and Approaches—Salmeron Cortasa, M. STEM Content in Agriculture—Epps, R. Ranging (LIDAR) Information to Improve Effects of Coatings on the Behavior of Agricultural Education Research—Hains, B. Forest Management Decisions—Contreras, M. Manufactured Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in Interactions of Individual, Family, Community, Forest Management and Foraging Habitat of Bats Soil and Zinc Bioavailability to Plants—Unrine, and Policy Contexts on the Mental and Physical Vulnerable to White-nose Syndrome—Lacki, J. Health of Diverse Rural Low-income Families— M.J. Effects of Fungal Endophyte Symbiosis in Tall Dyk, P. Multiscale Approaches to Investigate the Effects Fescue Pasture Nutrient Dynamics and Renewing an Agriculture of the Middle: of Various Anthropogenic Disturbances on Resilience to Climate Change—McCulley, R. Value Chain Design, Policy Approaches, Stream-inhabiting Amphibians and Reptiles— Enhancing Wheat Breeding through Selection Environmental and Social Impacts—Tanaka, K. Price, S. for Resilience to Climate Change—Van Sanford, Understanding Rural Economic Dynamics Silvicultural Approaches to Enhance the D. in Appalachian Kentucky: Rural Livelihood Resiliency of Oak-dominated Forests to Evaluation of Soybean Varieties for Use in Strategies and Access to Productive Disturbance—Lhotka, J. Kentucky—Pfeiffer, T. Resources—Rignall, K. The Oak-fire Hypothesis: Using Fire to Manage Genetic Control of Pod Shattering in Soybeans— Oak Forest Ecosystems in the Central and Zhu, H. Entomology Southern Appalachians—Arthur, M. Genetics and Biochemistry of Phosphate Water Resources in a Changing World: Solubilization by Rhizosphere-dwelling A Sustainable Approach for Protecting Our How Changes in Climate and Land-use Microbes—Moe, L. Forests from Emerald Ash Borer, with Influence Water Quality and Quantity in the Impact of Global Warming on Timing of Applications to Other Exotic Wood-boring Cumberland Plateau Region of Kentucky— Seedling Emergence in Summer Annuals— Invaders—Rieske-Kinney, L. Barton, C. Baskin, C. Bacterial Symbionts and Defensive Traits in Influence of Tall Fescue Cultivar and Endophyte Insects—White, J. Horticulture Genotype Combinations on Root System Biological Control in Pest Management Systems Defining the Role(s) of Plant Sorbitol Architecture, Exudate Composition, and Soil of Plants—Harwood, J.D. Biogeochemical Processes—McNear, D. Biological Control of Arthropod Pests and Dyhydrogenase—Archbold, D. Developing Optimized Cucurbit Systems— Management and Environmental Factors Weeds—Obrycki, J. affecting Nitrogen Cycling and Use Efficiency Biological Improvement of Chestnut through Williams, M. Environmental and Genetic Determinants of in Forage-based Livestock Production Technologies that Address Management of Systems—Goff, B. the Species, Its Pathogens and Pests—Rieske- Seed Quality and Performance (from W1168)— Geneve, R.L. Messenger RNA 3’ End Formation in Plants— Kinney, L.K. Hunt, A. Biology, Ecology, and Management of Emerging Evaluating Conservation Practices for Ecological Intensification of Organic High Tunnel Nitrate-dependent Iron (II) Oxidation in Soils— Disease Vectors—Dobson, S.L. Matocha, C. Biology, Impact, and Management of Soybean Production Systems—Jacobsen, K. Identification and Predicting LEA Protein Nitrifier Community Ecology Influences on Insect Pests in Soybean Production Systems— Trace Gas Evolution from Agricultural Soil— Obrycki, J. Interacting Proteins—Downie, A.B. Improving Economic and Environmental Coyne, M. Colony Collapse in Termites: RNA Interference- Onsite Wastewater Treatment Systems: mediated Genetic Manipulation—Zhou, X. Sustainability in Tree-fruit Production through Changes in Rootstock Use—Archbold, D. Assessing the Impact of Climate Variability and Comparative Ecological and Phonological Climate Change—Lee, B. Studies of Predatory Lady Beetles (Coleoptera: Introgression of Zingiberene and Type IV Trichome Density from Wild, Insect-resistant Performance of Small Grain Varieties in Coccinellidae)—Obrycki, J. Kentucky—Van Sanford, D. Defining and Utilizing Selected Molecular Solanum habbrochaites Accession LA2329 into Cultivated Tomato, S. lycopersicum—Snyder, J. Plant Genetic Resource Conservation and Features of Insect Viruses—Webb, B.A. Utilization—Phillips, T.D. Identifying Weak Links in Bed Bug Biology— Microbial Based Herbicide Discovery Focused on Cellulose Biosynthesis Inhibitors—DeBolt, S. Reduction of Tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines Haynes, K. (TSNA) in Dark Tobaccos—Bailey, W.A. Inbreeding Depression in Mating Biology Multi-state Evaluation of Wine Grape Cultivars and Clones—Archbold, D. Regulation of Gene Expression during Plant Following Population Bottlenecks in a Storage Embryogenesis—Perry, S.E. Pest—Fox, C .W. Sustainable Practices, Economic Contributions, Consumer Behavior, and Labor Management Soil, Water, and Environmental Physics across Integrative Management Actions against Current Scales—Wendroth, O. and Potential Invasive Arthropod Pests of Field in the U.S. Environmental Horticulture Industry—Ingram, D.L. The Chemical and Physical Nature of Particulate Crops in Kentucky—Villanueva, R. Matter Affecting Air, Water, and Soil Quality Integrative Research on the Overwintering Human Environmental Sciences (NCR 174)—Karathanasis, A. Biology of Insects—Teets, N. The Cytokinin Signaling Mechanism and Plant Management of Pests and Conservation of Examining the Impact of In-store Marketing and Product Placement to Reduce Unhealthy Growth—Smalle, J. Beneficial Insects in Urban Landscape—Potter, Tobacco Breeding and Genetics—Miller, R. D. Purchases Among Low-income Caregivers— Gustafson, A.

39 Plant Pathology Mycotoxins: Biosecurity, Food Safety, and Minimizing the Impact of Feral Horses on Characterization of Emerging Viruses—Goodin, Biofuels Byproducts (NC129, NC1025)— Agricultural Lands: Tuboovarian Ligation via M. Vaillancourt, L.J. Colpotomy as a Method for Sterilization in Characterization of Resistance Gene-mediated Population Dynamics and Fitness Roles of Host Mares—Ball, B. Signaling and Role of Oleic Acid and Glycerol Specificity Genes in the FungusMagnaporthe National Animal Genome Research Program— 3-Phosphate in Plant Defense—Kachroo, P. oryzae—Farman, M.L. Bailey, E. Reference Standards, Internal Standards, and Dissecting Defense Signaling Pathways in Veterinary Science Soybean and Arabidopsis—Kachroo, A. Critical Reagents/Regulatory Analytes for Elucidating and Manipulating Alkaloid Cellular and Molecular Basis of Equine Arteritis Analytical/Toxicological Approaches to Needs Biosynthesis Pathways in the Plant-symbiotic Virus Persistence in the Reproductive Tract of in Equine Medicine and Racing Regulation— Epichloë and and Neotyphodium Species of the Stallion—Balasuriya, U. Tobin, T. Fungi—Schardl, C.L. Control of Equine Gastrointestinal Parasites: Sarcocystis neurona: Investigation of Host Genetic and Genomic Tools to Study Immunology, Host Genetics, and Drug Cell Interactions that Contribute to Parasite Associations of Collecotrichum Fungi with Resistance—Nielsen, M. Survival—Howe, D. Plants—Vaillancourt, L. Control, Transmission, and Prevalence of Natural The Immunological Basis for Rhodococcus equi Inhibition of Tombusvirus Replication by Infections of Internal Parasites of Equids— Susceptibility in the Foal—Horohov, D.W. Exploiting Novel Host Factors—Nagy, P. Lyons, E.T. The Molecular Basis for Rhodococcus equi Locoweed and Its Fungal Endophyte: Impact, Developmental Progenitor Cells of Articular Susceptibility of Foals—Horohov, D.W. Ecology, and Management—Schardl, C. Cartilage—Macleod, J. Vasomodulatory Effects of Endophyte Infected Molecular Biology of the Interaction between Equine Herpesvirus-1 and Equine Interferon Tall Fescue Seed and Comparison of a KY31 Corn and Corn Stalk Rot Fungi—Vaillancourt, Types 1 and 3—Chambers, T. Tall Fesue Pasture vs a Novel Endophyte Tall L.J. Equine Parasite Diagnostics: New Platforms for Fescue Pasture for Grazing Mares—McDowell, Molecular Genetic Improvement of the Common Increased Reliability—Nielsen, M. K.; Lawrence, L.; Bush, L. Endophyte of Tall Fescue—Schardl, C.L.

Collegewide Extramural Funding This information, generated from the Office of Sponsored Projects Administration database, includes any award with a start date within the reporting period (January 1, 2017–December 31, 2017) and any budgetary addition or reduction to existing projects processed within the reporting period. Grants are listed under the departments of the principal investigators.*

Agricultural Business Office Kentucky AgrAbility, National Institute of Food Agricultural Research Service, $30,000— Total–$0 and Agriculture, $182,000—Palmer, G. Pescatore, A. Phibro 2017-01, Phibro Animal Health Evaluation of SET phases IV, V, VI, Mississippi Animal and Food Sciences Corporation, $46,400—Lindemann, M. State University, $0—Davis, A. Total–$4,355,535 Pilot Efficacy Study to Assess the Effect of an Endo-1,3-ß-D-Glucanase (CMG 3640) Agricultural Economics Alkaloid Toxicity Mitigation Strategies, Alltech Inclusion in Corn-Soybean Meal Diets Total–$692,833 Incorporated, $45,304—Vanzant, E. Containing Increasing Concentrations of DairyMaster Technology Application, DDGS, Elanco Animal Health, $49,000— Community Decision Making and Financial DairyMaster, $84,751—Bewley, J. Lindemann, M. Planning for Natural and Manmade Disasters, Effect of Different Fat Sources and Vitamin Post Doctoral Fellow—Lizza Macalintal, Alltech National Institute of Food and Agriculture, E Status on Antioxident Status, Carcuss Incorporated, $360,000—Pescatore, A. $83,277—Davis, A. Characteristics, and Meat Quality of Pigs Real Time Location System for Monitoring Dairy Cultivate Kentucky Partnership Expansion, Grown to Heavy Slaughter Weight, Fats and Cattle Behavior, Smartbow GmBH, $149,336— National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Proteins Research Foundation Incorporated, Bewley, J. $80,609—Brislen, L. $40,000—Lindemann, M. Real Time Location System for Monitoring Ecological, Livestock, Production, Cattle, Beef, Evaluating the Effects of Two Sources of Sodium Dairy Cattle Behavior, Smartbow GmBH, Pasture, Grazing, Environment, University of (NaCl and NaHCO3) on Phytase Efficacy - $42—Costa, J. Georgia, $79,064—Halich, G. Mineral Metabolism and Bone Ash in 21-d-old Service Agreement Antihemelitic Screening, Evaluation of SET phases IV, V, VI, Mississippi Broiler Chickens, AB Vista, $20—Adedokun, S. Alltech Incorporated, $98,000—Pescatore, A. State University, $29,773—Davis, A. Evaluation of Effects of Daily BCS on Disease, Southeast Quality Milk Initiative: Implementing Governors Minority Student College Preparation Reproduction and Feed Efficiency using the Science Based Recommendations in the Field, Program, KY Council on Postsecondary DeLaval BCS System, DeLaval International University of Tennessee, $67,730—Amaral- Education, $821—Tyler, Q. AB, $50,889—Bewley, J. Phillips, D. Investigating the Capacity of a Re-envisioned Genomic Selection for Improved Fertility Southeast Quality Milk Initiative: Implementing Cooperative Extension System to Build a of Dairy Cows with Emphasis on Cyclicty Science-based Recommendations to Control Culture of Health, Robert Wood Johnson and Pregnancy, Colorado State University, Mastitis and Improve Milk Quality in the Foundation, $142,667—Davis, A. $27,542—Amaral-Phillips, D. Southeast, University of Tennessee, $79,136— Quantifying the Agronomic, Economic, and Kentucky Beef Network Master Account, KY Coffey, R. Environmental Benefits of Cover Crops in Mid- Beef Network, $259,874—Lehmkuhler, J. Student Sponsorship—Lauren Wood Nolan, South Production Systems, Mississippi State Mechanisms of EPNIX in Finishing Cattle, Alltech Incorporated, $37,800—Pescatore, A. University, $121,005—Shockley, J. Alltech Incorporated, $58,500—Harmon, D. Student Sponsorship—Yemi Olojede, Alltech RCDI: Creating a Thriving Small Business Muscle Proteomic Approach to Characterize Incorporated, $40,872—Adedokun, S. Community in Southeast Kentucky, Rural Biochemical Mechanisms Responsible for Student Support Agreement—Amanda Development, $155,617—Davis, A. Woody Breast and Pale, Soft, and Exudative Pesqueira, Alltech Incorporated, $45,573— Conditions in Broilers, Mississippi State Harmon, D. Agricultural Programs University, $99,000—Suman, S. Student Support Agreement—Gustavo Mazon, Total–$216,840 Nutrition and Superfund Chemical Toxicity, Alltech Incorporated, $34,704—Bewley, J. National Institute of Environmental Health The Alltech-UK Animal Nutrigenomics Alliance, Building Capacity for Watershed Leadership and Sciences, $2,393,534—Hennig, B. Alltech Incorporated, $162,650—Matthews, J. Management in Twelve Mississippi River Basin One-two Punch for Organic Poultry Processing: Use of In Vitro Fermentation as a Comparative States, University of Wisconsin, $34,840— Knocking Out Foodborne Pathogens with Plant Measure of Ionophore Function, Zoetis LLC, Gumbert, A. Derived Antimicrobials and Farmer Training, $95,002—Harmon, D.

40 Biosystems and Ag Engineering Dietetics and Human Nutrition Management of Brown Marmorated Stink Bug Total–$1,824,196 Total–$182,865 in US Specialty Crops, North Carolina State University, $57,969—Bessin, R. Alliance for Food Security through Reduction of Higher Education Challenge Grant Obesity Food Management of Stink Bugs in Soybeans: Does Postharvest Loss and Food Waste, Oklahoma Insecurity Paradox, National Institute of Food One Strategy Fit All Species?, KY Soybean State University, $20,654—McNeill, S. and Agriculture, $139,604—Gustafson, A. Promotion Board, $41,693—Villanueva, R. AMPLIFIES Ghana: Assisting Management Plate It Up! Kentucky Proud: Recipe Development Managing Wild Birds for Improved Strawberry in the Poultry and Layer Industries by Feed and Evaluation Based on 2015-2020 Dietary Production, Pest Control, and Food Safety Improvement and Efficiency Strategies in Guidelines for Americans, KY Department of Outcomes in the California Central Coast, Ghana, Oklahoma State University, $184— Agriculture, $43,261—Stephenson, T. University of California Davis, $32,274— McNeill, S. Gonthier, D. Edge of Field Modeling to Address Nutrient Entomology Monitor Gypsy Moth Populations for Slow the Management in Tile-drained Agricultural Total–$2,495,398 Spread Program, Slow the Spread Foundation, Landscapes, US Department of Agriculture, $44,000—Harper, C. $120,201—Ford, W. Assessing Bee Attractiveness of Woody Phytophthora ramorum Survey, Animal and Plant Improving the Accuracy of Chemical Landscape Plants and Mitigating Potential Health Inspection Service, $20,000—Lensing, J. Applications with Direct Injection, National Bee Hazard from Neonicotinoid Insecticides, Pine Shoot Beetle Survey, Animal and Plant Institute of Food and Agriculture, $498,726— Rutgers University, $187,669—Potter, D. Health Inspection Service, $11,290—Lensing, J. Stombaugh, T. Assessing Bee Attractiveness of Woody RNAi Methods for Zika Virus Vector Control, KSEF RDE: A Sweet BioAg Solution: Sweet Landscape Plants and Mitigating Potential National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Sorghum Bagasse Based Crop Yield Enhancer, Bee Hazard from Neonicotinoid Insecticides, Diseases, $210,000—Palli, S. KY Science and Technology Co Inc, $50,000— Horticultural Research Institute, $26,000— Sublethal Effects of Neurotoxic Insecticides Shi, J. Potter, D. on Insect Behavior, Iowa State University, LP Hybrid Forklift Demonstration, Propane Cooperative Agricultural Pest Surveys (CAPS) in $140,000—Haynes, K. Education and Research Council, $97,527— Kentucky, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Thousand Cankers Disease/Walnut Twig Beetle Dvorak, J. Service, $58,370—Lensing, J. Survey, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Next-generation Spray Drift Mitigation via Field- Development of Artificial Blood for Mosquitoes, Service, $25,000—Lensing, J. deployable, Real-time Weather Monitoring Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, $61— Times Insecticide Spray to Conrol Aphids and and Novel Spray Nozzle Control Technologies, Dobson, S. Reduce BYDV Infections, KY Small Grain University of Nebraska, $54,070—Sama, M. Development of Novel Insecticide Synergistic for Growers Association, $15,149—Villanueva, R. Nigeria Capacity Building on Stored Resistance Management, Agricultural Research Wire Evaluation in Sweet Potato and IR-4 State Commodities, Foreign Agricultural Service, Service, $92,000—Palli, S. Liason, University of Florida, $13,750—Bessin, R. $10,477—McNeill, S. Development of RNAi-based Control RII Track-2 FEC: Assembling Successful Technologies for Use in Plant Health Family and Consumer Sciences Structures: Lignin Beads for Sustainability of Emergencies, Animal and Plant Health Total– $11,274,224 Food, Energy, and Water Systems, Louisiana Inspection Service, $91,999—Palli, S. State University, $725,000—Nokes, S. Do Bacterial Symbionts Play a Role in Insecticide 2016 MTAC Grant, Purdue University, Support of the French Tobacco Sector in Resistance in a Polyphagous Aphid Pest?, Iowa $109,505—Ashurst, K. Utilization of a Recently Developed High State University, $150,000—White, J. Collaborative Environment Approaches to Capacity Market Preparation System for Epigenetic and Posttranslational Modifier Reduce Obesity Disparities in Kentucky, Center Air-cured Burley Tobacco, Arvalis Institut du Regulation of Juvenile Hormone Action, for Disease Control and Prevention, $786,256— Vegetal, $20—Wells, L. National Institute of General Medical Sciences, Vail, A. Sustainable Aquaculture: Education, Research $252,000—Palli, S. DOD/USDA Extension Military Partnership and Outreach for Small Farms, KY State Evaluating Aphis Resistance to Pyrethroids in Overall Leadership, Purdue University, University, $121,107—Dvorak, J. Western Kentucky's Wheat, KY Small Grain $42,953—Ashurst, K. Technical Assistance for Energy Use on Kentucky Growers Association, $4,738—Villanueva, R. UK SNAP Ed Program 2018, KY Department of Farms, Rural Development, $76,270—McNeill, Forest Pest Outreach and Education, Animal Community Based Services, $10,335,510—Vail, A. S. and Plant Health Inspection Service, $8,768— UK Cooperative Extension Energy Education Lensing, J. Family Studies Program, KY Energy and Environment FY 2017-2018 UK Private Pesticide Applicator, Total–$142,570 Cabinet, $50,000—Fehr, R. KY Department of Agriculture, $27,500— Townsend, L. Keys to Embracing Aging Program Expansion, Community and Leadership FY 2017-2018 UK Private Pesticide Applicator, Kansas State University, $142,570—Kostelic, A. Development KY Department of Agriculture, $27,500— Townsend, L. Forestry Total–$1,026,067 Grape Commodity Survey, Animal and Plant Total–$417,581 Building Capacity and Diffusing Innovation in Health Inspection Service, $21,000—Lensing, J. Healthy Trees - Healthy People, Animal and Demographic and Genetic Status of a Community Development Education, National Reintroduced River Otter Population in North- Institute of Food and Agriculture, $731,296— Plant Health Inspection Service, $34,396— Rieske-Kinney, L. central New Mexico, New Mexico Department Hains, B. of Fish and Game, $24,432—Cox, J. Establishing a Family and Consumer Sciences Impact of Genotype and Environmental Variables on Transgene Effectiveness for Evaluating Chemical Fingerprinting as a Tool to Degree, KY State University, $11,771—Jones, K. Rapidly Screen Hybrid Chestnut for Disease Strong Dads, Resilient Families, National Conditional Lethality Systems in Insects, National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Resistance, American Chestnut Foundation, Institute of Food and Agriculture, $140,000— $4,511—Stringer, J. Jones, K. $500,000—Teets, N. Imported Fire Ant Survey, Animal and Plant Forest Health and Research Education Center, The YMCA, UK, and KSU: YES (Youth Forest Service, $50,000—Stringer, J. Engagements and Support), National Institute Health Inspection Service, $3,783—Lensing, J. Kentucky Extension IPM Implementation Increasing Farm Bill Participation and Benefits, of Food and Agriculture, $140,000—Jones, K. Natural Resources Conservation Service, University of Kentucky Perkins Leadership Program: 2017-2020, National Institute of Food and Agriculture, $128,889—Bessin, R. $61,100—Thomas, W. Award 2017-2018, KY Department of Oak Genetic Improvement Program, KY Energy Education, $3,000—Vincent, S. KY FY17 Apple Survey Farm Bill Project 1, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, and Environment Cabinet, $200,000—Crocker, $17,000—Lensing, J. E. KY FY17 Gypsy Moth, Animal and Plant Health Occupancy and Abundance of the Streamside Inspection Service, $252,600—Lensing, J. Salamander (Ambystoma barbouri) in Relation to Land-use, Water Chemistry, and Flow Rate in Central Kentucky Streams, KY Department of Fish and Wildlife, $31,080—Price, S.

41 Quantifying White-tailed Deer Damage to Development and Distribution of a Certified Ecophysiology of Corn Yield Potential and Corn Yields in Kentucky, KY Corn Growers Reference Cigarette Suitable for Research N Requirements under Variable Water Association, $12,443—Springer, M. Applications and Establishing a Proficiency Management, KY Corn Growers Association, Quantifying White-tailed Deer Damage to Testing Program at the University of Kentucky $34,457—Salmeron Cortasa, M. Soybean Yields in Kentucky, KY Soybean Reference Cigarette Program, Food and Drug Enhanced Chia Production and Product Usage, Promotion Board, $13,647—Springer, M. Administration, $598,868—Chambers, O. KY Small Grain Growers Association, $27,110— Restoring Headwater Streams and Riparian NNK Research, Altria Corporate Services Inc, Hildebrand, D. Corridors at the Savannah River Site, SC: $77,000—Ji, H. Fragipan Remediation, KY Small Grain Growers Part B- Restoration Proposal and Permit RJRTARUKY-1, RJ Reynolds Tobacco Co, Association, $17,000—Murdock, L. Application, Forest Service, $16,848—Barton, C. $48,970—Zaitlin, D. Fragipan Remediation - Corn, KY Corn Growers Using Forest Health Assessment as a Tool for RJRTARUKY-2-SP&LY, RJ Reynolds Tobacco Co, Association, $17,000—Murdock, L. Citizen Engagement and Education, Lexington $123,816—Pattanaik, S. Improving Colloidal Stability of Nanoparticle Fayette Urban County Government, $3,520— RJRTARUKY-3-SP&LY, RJ Reynolds Tobacco Co, Delivery Systems, Syngenta Crop Protection, Crocker, E. $206,106—Pattanaik, S. $244,142—Unrine, J. Smokeless Tobacco Reference Product Integrated Management Techniques to Combat Horticulture Development, Distribution and Research, Potential Shifts in Horseweed Emergence, Total–$1,183,216 Food and Drug Administration, $1,999,693— National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Chambers, O. $324,992—Haramoto, E. A Multi-regional Approach for Sustained Soil Integrating Cover Crops and Herbicides for Health in Organic High Tunnels: Nutrient Merchandising, Apparel and Textiles Marestail Managment Prior to Soybean, KY Management, Economics, and Educational Total–$23,926 Soybean Promotion Board, $9,764—Haramoto, Programming, University of Minnesota, E. $174,991—Jacobsen, K. Quality Control Lab for NAILM, Association for Intensive Management: An Option to Increase Center for Crop Diversification Production and Linen Management, $23,926—Easter, E. Double-crop Soybean Yields?, KY Soybean Marketing Resources for Kentucky Specialty Promotion Board, $51,424—Knott, C. Crop Growers, KY Department of Agriculture, Plant and Soil Sciences Investigation of Multiple Herbicide Resistant $49,999—Cassady, C. Total–$4,826,569 Palmer Amaranth and Waterhemp, KY Clean WateR3 - Reduce, Remediate, Recycle: Soybean Promotion Board, $27,419—Green, J. Informed Decision-making to Facilitate Use 2017 Burley Tobacco Trials, Altria Corporate Mechanisms of Gene Regulation by the Plant of Alternative Water Resources and Promote Services Inc, $28,000—Pearce, R. MADS-domain Transcription Factor AGL15 SustainableSpecialty Crop Production, Accelerating the Development of FHB-resistant and Developmental Outcomes, National Clemson University, $130,187—Ingram, D. Soft Red Winter Wheat Varieties, Agricultural Science Foundation, $206,491—Perry, S. Developing a Modified Hydroponic Stock Plant Research Service, $66,875—Van Sanford, D. Monsanto SO 28, Monsanto Co, $14,560—Slack, System for Minicuttings of Difficult-to-Root BAT SYTobacco1, British American Tobacco, C. Nursery Crops, Horticultural Research $370,162—Yang, S. Monsanto SO 30, Monsanto Co, $21,000—Slack, Institute, $18,000—Geneve, R. Bayer Soybean, Bayer CropScience GmbH, C. Hops for Kentucky, KY Department of $6,000—Carter, S. Monsanto SO 31, Monsanto Co, $7,350—Lee, C. Agriculture, $39,811—Wright, S. Blue Water Farms: Edge-of-Field Monitoring in Nutrient and Sediment Runoff Assessment in the KY Hort Council Grants VIII, KY Horticulture Kentucky Soils, KY Soybean Promotion Board, Upper Mississippi River Embayment, Natural Council, $510,600—Ingram, D. $206,184—Lee, B. Resources Conservation Service, $904,300— No P in my Lawn, Lexington Fayette Urban Breeding New Cover Crop Rye Cultivars for the Lee, B. County Government, $35,000—Durham, R. Midwest, KY Small Grain Growers Association, Optimization of Cyclopropanation of Renewable UK Viticulture and Enology Research $3,000—Phillips, T. Oils with Novel Functionality, Valvoline LLC, and Extension, KY Governor's Office of Burley Tobacco Breeding and Genetics, Philip $42,000—Hildebrand, D. Agricultural Policy, $210,628—Wilson, P. Morris International Management SA, Optimizing Cropping Systems for Resilience to UK-Wine Seminars, KY Department of $325,000—Miller, R. Stress: Role of Maturity Group Selection and Agriculture, $14,000—Wilson, P. Can Fusarium Head Blight Vomitoxin Levels be Cover Crops on Yield, Weeds, Insects, and Reduced with Agronomic Practices?, KY Small Microbes, University of Nebraska, $110,640— Kentucky Small Business Grain Growers Association, $44,112—Knott, C. Haramoto, E. Development Center Chia Improvement through Plant Breeding and Optimizing the Integration of Annual Forages Seed Production, KY Specialty Grains LLC, Total–$1,764,069 into Tobacco Systems, Council for Burley $5,500—Hildebrand, D. Tobacco, $19,862—Goff, B. Kentucky Small Business Development Center, Comparing the Xtend Soybean System to Optimizing Winter Cover Crops for Weed Small Business Administration, $1,339,142— the Roundup Ready System, KY Soybean Management in Soybeans RENEWAL, Davis, A. Promotion Board, $17,435—Lee, C. KY Soybean Promotion Board, $39,993— Kentucky Small Business Development Center, Comprehensive Soybean Guide Publication Cost, Haramoto, E. Small Business Administration, $294,074— KY Soybean Promotion Board, $11,250—Knott, Performance of Small Grain Varieties Davis, A. C. in Kentucky, KY Small Grain Growers Kentucky Small Business Development Center DAS NA17T8G001, Dow AgroSciences, $3,000— Association, $12,133—Bruening, W. Lease, Commerce Lexington Inc, $13,500— Cropper, K. Quantifying the Potential of 100 bu ac-1 Yield Davis, A. Detection and Management of Herbicide- Soybean and Its Profitability for Environmental Louisville SBDC Local Support, Louisville Metro resistant Annual Ryegrass in Kentucky Conditions in Kentucky, KY Soybean Government, $30,000—Davis, A. Wheat, KY Small Grain Growers Association, Promotion Board, $34,888—Salmeron Cortasa, OnGoing SBDC PROGRAM INCOME $10,033—Legleiter, T. M. ACCOUNT, Small Business Administration, Developing Irrigation Management Strategies Renewal-Center for the Environmental $12,647—Davis, A. for Soybean Production in Humid Regions of Implications of Nanotechnology, Duke Portable Assistance Program, Small Business the Southern US, Southern Soybean Research University, $137,999—Unrine, J. Administration, $100,000—Davis, A. Program, $50,000—Wendroth, O. SO 2017-01-B3-02, Monsanto Co, $11,200—Lee, Development of High #3 Soybeans, United C. Kentucky Tobacco Research Soybean Board, $49,223—Hildebrand, D. Soft Red Winter Wheat Breeding and Variety and Development Center Do Critical Soil Phosphorus Concentrations Development for Kentucky, KY Small Grain Vary in Space and if so Why?, Foundation for Growers Association, $66,625—Van Sanford, D. Total–$3,694,197 Agronomic Research, $70,000—McGrath, J. Soil Health Benefit from Winter Wheat in the DOW Chemical Materials Trial, Dow Rotation, KY Small Grain Growers Association, BAT JKTobacco1, British American Tobacco, AgroSciences, $11,466—Kenimer, R. $154,000—Kurepa, J. $10,000—Grove, J. EAGER: Environmental Fate of Double Stranded Soil Morphology Course 2016-2018, KY BAT SPTobacco1, British American Tobacco, RNA-based Bionanocomposites., National $485,744—Pattanaik, S. Department for Public Health, $20,000— Science Foundation, $149,945—Unrine, J. Pfeiffer, T.

42 Support for Technician Position with the iPIPE: Corn Component, North Carolina State UK Veterinary Diagnostic Lab Kentucky Soybean Variety Performance University, $38,872—Bradley, C. Total–$643,593 Program - Fiscal Year 2018, KY Soybean KSEF RDE: Pipecolic Acid-mediated Defense Promotion Board, $50,530—Venard, C. Signaling in Plants, KY Science and Technology Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Syngenta Soybean Appendix A-2, Syngenta Crop Co Inc, $49,996—Kachroo, P. Surveillance Testing in Mature Cattle, KY Protection, $13,000—Slack, C. Managing Frogeye Leaf Spot of Soybean with Department of Agriculture, $11,600—Carter, Topping Height of High Leaf Number Potential Foliar Fungicides and Resistant Varieties, KY C. Varieties, Council for Burley Tobacco, $9,500— Soybean Promotion Board, $22,750—Bradley, Case-based Distance Learning for Food Animal Fisher, C. C. Veterinarians, National Institute of Food and U.S. Wheat and Barley Scab Initiative's Race Survey of Phytophthora sojae, Causal Agriculture, $250,000—Arnold, L. Networking and Facilitation Office and Agent of Phytophthora Root Rot of Soybean FDA Vet-LIRN Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory Website, Agricultural Research Service, in Kentucky, KY Soybean Promotion Board, Cooperative Agreement Program Funding $263,758—Van Sanford, D. $9,950—Bradley, C. to Increase Sample Analysis in the Event of Understanding the Components and Research Coordination, United Soybean Board, Animal Food or Drug Related Illness, Food and Mechanisms Responsible for High Yielding $5,000—Bradley, C. Drug Administration, $26,300—Gaskill, C. Soybeans, KY Soybean Promotion Board, Southern Plant Diagnostic Network, Kentucky KY NAHLN FY 17 Level 2 Member Lab $34,548—Ritchey, E. Component, University of Florida, $45,000— Agreement, Animal and Plant Health Updating Rye and Barley Management Vincelli, P. Inspection Service, $120,693—Carter, C. Guidelines for Kentucky, KY Small Grain Southern Region SARE Sustainable Agriculture Mosquito and Tick Testing FY17, KY Growers Association, $18,000—Lee, C. Training Program—Professional Development Department for Public Health, $107,500— USB Herbicide Resistant Crops and Weeds-Year Program—Assistant, University of Georgia, Carter, C. 2, Purdue University, $27,997—Green, J. $44,444—Vincelli, P. Mosquito and Tick Testing FY18, KY Using Precision Technology in On-farm Field Student Sponsorship—Erica Fealko: Independent Department for Public Health, $13,500— Trials to Enable Data Intensive Fertilizer, and Plant-mediated Inhibition of Plant Carter, C. University of Illinois, $29,702—McGrath, J. Pathogensin Tomato by Fermentation Surveillance of Avian Influenza and Mycoplasma Utilizing Grass-Endophyte Technology to Byproduct, Alltech Incorporated, $35,143— by PCR Methods, and Necropsy Submissions, Improve Pasture Soil Health and Resilience to Pfeufer, E. KY Department of Agriculture, $15,000— Climate Change Stressors, National Institute of Syngenta Field Testing Project, Syngenta Crop Carter, C. Food and Agriculture, $500,000—McCulley, R. Protection, $29,400—Bradley, C. Validation Of LC-MS/MS Analysis of Animal Vertical Tillage or No-tillage for Soft Red Winter Telomere Roles in Fungal Genome Evolution Tissue and Feed Matrices for Toxicants, Food Wheat, KY Small Grain Growers Association, and Adaptation, National Science Foundation, and Drug Administration, $99,000—Gaskill, C. $10,000—Ritchey, E. $724,625—Farman, M. Wheat Field Schools at UK WREC in Princeton, The Cellular Actin Network and Virus Veterinary Science KY, KY Small Grain Growers Association, Replication, National Science Foundation, Total–$713,983 $30,000—Ritchey, E. $190,000—Nagy, P. Transgenic Approaches in Managing Sudden Anthelmintic Efficacy of Novel Compounds Plant Pathology Death Syndrome, Iowa State University, Against Equine Strongyles: A Proof of Principle Total–$1,733,102 $40,600—Bradley, C. Study, Merial Ltd, $40,059—Nielsen, M. Use of Plant Growth-promoting Microbes for Caught in the Act: Visualizing the Architecture Applied Management of Fusarium Head Blight Improved Soybean Yield and Stress Tolerance, of Bacterial Type IV Secretion System in Kentucky, Agricultural Research Service, KY Soybean Promotion Board, $49,070— Machinery at the Cell-Cell Interface, $20,289—Bradley, C. Kachroo, P. Burroughs Wellcome Fund, $10,000—Shaffer, Can Diversifying Orchards Lead to Higher Valent U.S.A. Corporation - Field Testing Project, C. Disease Losses?, KY Department of Valent USA LLC, $23,520—Bradley, C. Combination Anthelmintic Therapy: Short and Agriculture, $28,755—Gauthier, N. Long Term Benefits, Zoetis LLC, $25,680— Characterization of the Sf9-rhabdovirus in Regulatory Services Nielsen, M. Plants, Takeda Pharmaceuticals North America Total–$648,635 Effects of Pergolide Treatment on Metabolic Inc, $63,030—Goodin, M. and Immunological Function in Horses with Developing a Comprehensive Management BSE Rule and Medicated Feed Inspections, Food Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction (PPID), Program for Foliar Diseases of Soybean, and Drug Administration, $1—Harrison, G. Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, $79,731— Southern Illinois University, $126,671—Bradley, Feed Manufacturing Inspections, Food and Drug Adams, A. C. Administration, $48,634—Harrison, G. Engineered Probiotics for Farm Animal Dynamics of Genetic Mutations Conferring Implementation of the Animal Feed Regulatory and Human Nematodes, University of AzoxystrobinResistance in Two Populations Program Standards in Kentucky, Food and Massachusetts, $57,868—Nielsen, M. of the Frogeye Leaf Spot Pathogen, Cercospora Drug Administration, $600,000—Johnson, D. Identification of Genetic Factors Responsible for nicotianae, under Different Spray Schedules, Establishment of Equine Arteritis Virus Carrier Council for Burley Tobacco, $11,000—Pfeufer, Research State in Stallions., National Institute of Food E. Total–$1,043,305 and Agriculture, $484,934—Balasuriya, U. Examining the Importance of Dynamic MicroRNAs as Markers of Placental Health Trafficking in Systemic Acquired Resistance, 2016-17 Acquisition of Goods and Services for in the Mare, Grayson Jockey Club Research National Science Foundation, $12,000— the USDA Offices in Ag North, Agricultural Foundation Inc, $15,000—Loux, S. Kachroo, A. Research Service, $34,199—Bennett, A. Smartphone Egg Count Validation Study, Zoetis Exploiting Potential Bio-control Agents to 2017-18 Acquisition of Goods and Services for LLC, $711—Nielsen, M. Manage Seedling Diseases of Soybean (Year 3), the USDA Offices in Ag North, Agricultural Southern Illinois University, $30,666—Bradley, Research Service, $10,010—Bennett, A. Multidisciplinary Grants C. Equine Medical Director 2017-18, KY Horse Led by Other Colleges* Improving Fungicide Application Racing Commission, $189,755—Oliver, L. Recommendations for Managing Fusarium FAPRU SCA, Agricultural Research Service, Total– $142,570 Head Blight of Wheat and Barley, KY Small $809,341—Bennett, A. Keys to Embracing Aging Expansion, Kansas Grain Growers Association, $16,135—Bradley, State University, $142,570—Kostelic, A. C. Tracy Farmer Center for Independent and Plant-mediated Inhibition of Sustainability and the Environment *Only College of Agriculture co-investigators are Plant Pathogens in Tomato by Fermentation Total–$150,418 listed. Byproduct Research, Alltech Incorporated, $32,088—Pfeufer, E. Exploring Water Quality in Kolkata and Integrated Management Strategies for Kentucky, Department of State, $150,418— Aspergillus and Fusarium Ear Rots of Corn, Hanley, C. Purdue University, $84,098—Wise, K.

43 Intellectual Property

GenBank Register Farman, M.L. Magnaporthe oryzae strain Veterinary Science Animal and Food Sciences WBKY11, whole genome shotgun sequencing Carossino, M., P. Dini, T.S. Kalbfleisch, A.T. project. Accession PJXR00000000.1. Matthews, J.C. Hepatic gene expression profiles Loynachan, I.F. Canisso, K.M. Shuck, P.J. Farman, M.L. Magnaporthe grisea strain VO107, Timoney, R.F. Cook, and U.B.R. Balasuriya. of growing versus finishing beef steers, 16 whole genome shotgun sequencing project. microarrays. Accession GSE107881. Downregulation of eca-mir-128 in seminal Accession PJXS00000000.1. exosomes and enhanced expression of CXCL16 Entomology Pfeufer, E.E. Hyaloperonospora parasitica rDNA in the stallion reproductive tract are associated ITS. Accession KX231682.1. with long-term persistence of equine arteritis Athey K.J., S.A. Clutts-Stoelb, E.G. Chapman, and Schardl, C.L. Swainsonine biosynthesis gene virus. Accession GSM2891902-GSM2891909. M.J. Sharkey. Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I cluster protein A. Accession E9F8L8.2. Nam, B., Z. Mekuria, M. Carossino, G. Li, Y. (COI) gene, partial cds; mitochondrial. Schardl, C.L. Swainsonine biosynthesis gene Zheng, J. Zhang, R.F. Cook, J.R. Campos, K.M. Accessions: cluster protein K. Accession D4AU31.1 Shuck, E.L. Squires, M.H.T. Troedsson, E. • KY020352–KY020399 (48 sequences) GI:1239396339. Bailey, P.J. Timoney, and U.B.R. Balasuriya. • KY034141-KY034257 (117 sequences: 28S Schardl, C.L. Swainsonine biosynthesis gene Equine arteritis virus intra-host evolution ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequences) cluster protein K. Accession E9F8M3.1 and viral population dynamics during acute • MF361678-MF361714 (37 sequences: 28S GI:1239396319. and long-term persistent infection. Accession ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequences) Schardl, C.L. Swainsonine biosynthesis gene MG137429 to MG137481. • MF098306-MF098390 (85 sequences: cluster protein A. Accession D4AU29.1 Sarkar, S., E. Bailey, Y.Y. Go, R.F. Cook, T. cytochrome c oxidase subunit I [COI] gene, GI:1239396297. Kalbfleisch, J. Eberth, R.L. Chelvarajan, partial cds; mitochondrial) Schardl, C.L. Ergot alkaloid synthesis protein E; K.M. Shuck, S. Artiushin, S., P.J. Timoney, Kalsi, M., and S.R. Palli. RNA seq data from Flags: Precursor. Accession A2TBU3.1. and U.B.R. Balasuriya. Allelic variation in Tribolium adults with and without CncC Vaillancourt, L.J. Colletotrichum graminicola cxcl16 determines CD3+ T lymphocyte expression. Accession PRJNA383146. strain M5.001, whole genome shotgun susceptibility to equine arteritis virus infection Roy, A., and S.R. Palli. Illumina HiSeq4000 sequencing. Accession MRBI00000000.1. and establishment of long-term carrier sequence data multiple functions of CREB- Vaillancourt, L.J. Colletotrichum sublineola strain state in the stallion. Animal samples from binding protein during post embryonic CgSl1, whole genome shotgun sequencing. Equus caballus. Accession SAMN03838869/ development. PRJNA383401 and SRP104247; Accession MQVQ00000000.1. SRX1097022, SAMN03838867/SRX1097495 samples, SRS2131977-SRS2131984; experiment, Vaillancourt, L.J. Colletotrichum fioriniae and SAMN03838868/SRX1097492. SRX2745604-SRX2745604-SRX2745610 and isolate HC557 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate run, SRR5457553-SRR5457559. dehydrogenase (GAPDH) gene, partial cds. Gene Expression Omnibus Accession KX161774.1. Plant Pathology Vaillancourt, L.J. Colletotrichum fioriniae isolate Matthews, J.C. Hepatic gene expression profiles Bradley, C.A. Cercospora sojina S9, whole HC557 beta-tubulin (TUB2) gene, partial cds. of growing versus finishing beef steers, 16 genome shotgun sequencing project. Accession Accession KX161773.1. microarrays. Accession GSE107881. AHPQ00000000.1. Vaillancourt, L.J. Colletotrichum graminicola Farman, M.L. Magnaporthe oryzae strain 87-120, strain M30.001 rDNA ITS. Accession whole genome shotgun sequencing project. KY006075.1. Accession PQBK00000000.1. M.L. Farman had 42 additional accessions. Farman, M.L. Pyricularia pennisetigena strain PM1, whole genome shotgun sequencing C.L. Schardl had 88 additional accessions. project. Accession PQBJ00000000.1. L.J. Vaillancourt had 6 additional accessions. Farman, M.L. Magnaporthe oryzae strain WHTQ, whole genome shotgun sequencing project. Accession PJXP00000000.1.

44 Publications Annual Report Suman, S.P., and M.N. Nair. Current Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of One Hundred and Thirtienth Annual Report of developments in fundamental and applied Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station aspects of meat color. Chapter 6, pp 115–127. Station. Published online: doi:10.2737/NRS for 2017. College of Agriculture, Food and IN: P.P. Purslow, ed. New Aspects of Meat GTR-169. Environment, University of Kentucky, Rick Quality: From Genes to Ethics. Elsevier, Oxford, French, M., C. Barton, B. McCarthy, C. Keiffer, Bennett, Director. United Kingdom. J. Skousen, C. Zipper, and P. Angel. Selecting materials for mine soil construction when Books and Book Chapters Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering establishing forests on Appalachian mined Zheng, Y., J. Shi, M. Tu, and Y.-S. Cheng. lands. Chapter 3, pp.12-1–12-9. IN: Mary Beth Agricultural Economics Principles and development of lignocellulosic Adams, ed. The Forestry Reclamation Approach: Dillon, C., J. Shockley, and T.B. Mark. The biomass pretreatment for biofuels. Pp. 1–68. IN: Guide to Successful Reforestation of Mined sensitivity of economic gains from high-speed Advances in Bioenergy, vol. 2. Elsevier, Oxford, Lands. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-169. Newtown planting. IN: J.A. Taylor, D. Cammarano, United Kingdom. Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, A. Prashar, and A. Hamilton, eds. Precision Forest Service, Northern Research Station. Agriculture ’17: 11th European Conference on Community and Leadership Development Published online: doi:10.2737/NRS GTR-169. Precision Agriculture. Cambridge University Breazeale, N., and R.J. Hustedde. Understanding Skousen, J., C. Zipper, J. Burger, C. Barton, and Press. the impact of culture on entrepreneurship. IN: P. Angel. Selecting materials for mine soil Griffin, T.W., J.M. Shockley, and T.B. Mark. Michael Fortunato and Morgan R. Clevenger, construction when establishing forests on Economics of precision agriculture. Precision eds. Entrepreneurial Community Development: Appalachian mined lands. Chapter 3, pp. Agricultural Basics. American Society of Leaping Cultural and Leadership Boundaries. 3-1–3-10. IN: Mary Beth Adams, ed. The Agronomy. Taylor and Francis/Routledge. Forestry Reclamation Approach: Guide to Hu, W. Using market-based tools to protect Successful Reforestation of Mined Lands. Gen. and improve water quality in Kentucky. IN: Entomology Tech. Rep. NRS-169. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. B.D. Lee, A. Jones, D. Carey, and J. Burch, eds. Potter, M.F. 2016. Bed bugs through history. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Shaped by Water: Kentucky’s Watersheds, Pp. 1–16. IN: S.L. Doggett, D.M. Miller, and Northern Research Station. Published online: Landscapes, and People. University Press of C.Y. Lee, eds. Advances in the Biology and doi:10.2737/NRS GTR-169. Kentucky, Lexington. Management of Modern Bed Bugs. Wiley Stram, B., R. Sweigard, J. Burger, D. Graves, C. Martin, B., C. Dillon, T.B. Mark, and T. Davis. Blackwell. Zipper, C. Barton, J. Skousen, and P. Angel. A whole farm analysis of the implications of Loosening compacted soils on mined lands. variable maturity groups on harvest logistics Family Sciences Chapter 5, pp. 5-1–5-6. IN: Mary Beth Adams, and net returns. IN: J.A. Taylor, D. Cammarano, Gale, J., and D.B. Ross. Relational financial ed. The Forestry Reclamation Approach: Guide A. Prashar, and A. Hamilton, eds. Precision therapy. Pp. 1–4. IN: J. Lebow, A. Chambers, to Successful Reforestation of Mined Lands. Gen. Agriculture ’17: 11th European Conference on and D.C. Breunlin, eds. Encyclopedia of Couple Tech. Rep. NRS-169. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Precision Agriculture. Cambridge University and Family Therapy.Springer, Cham. Published Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Press. online: doi:10.1007/978-3-319-15877-8_962-1. Northern Research Station. Published online: McDonald, C., D. Freshwater, and C. Allegri. doi: 10.2737/NRS GTR-169. Territorial Policy Reviews: Northern Sparsely Forestry Sweigard, R., J. Burger, C. Zipper, J. Skousen, C. Populated Areas. OECD Publishing, Paris. Barton, C. Forward. Pp. 124–145. IN: N. Bolan, Barton, and P. Angel. Low compaction grading Rossi, J.J. A political economy of molecular M.B. Kirkham, and Y.S. Ok, eds. Spoil to Soil: to enhance reforestation success on coal surface futures. The Routledge Handbook of the Political Mine Site Rehabilitation and Revegetation. mines. Chapter 4, pp. 4-1–4-8. IN: Mary Beth Economy of Science. New York: Routledge. Taylor and Francis. Adams, ed. The Forestry Reclamation Approach: Shockley, J., T.B. Mark, and C. Dillon. Educating Barton, C., E. Witt, and J. Stringer. Protecting Guide to Successful Reforestation of Mined producers on the profitability of precision water resources with streamside management Lands. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-169. Newtown agriculture technologies. IN: J.A. Taylor, D. zones at Robinson Forest. Pp. 81–87. IN: B.D. Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Cammarano, A. Prashar, and A. Hamilton, Lee, D.I. Carey, and A.L. Jones, eds. Water in Forest Service, Northern Research Station. eds. Precision Agriculture ’17: 11th European Kentucky: Natural History, Communities, and Published online: doi:10.2737/NRS GTR-169. Conference on Precision Agriculture. Cambridge Conservation. University of Kentucky Press, C.D. Barton contributed to one book chapter in University Press. Lexington. Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering. Barton, C., K. Sena, T. Dolan, P. Angel, and Animal and Food Sciences C. Zipper. Restoring forests on surface coal Horticulture Faustman, C., and S.P. Suman. The eating quality mines in Appalachia: A regional reforestation Sanchez-Barrios, A., M.R. Sahib, and S. DeBolt. of meat: I–Color. Chapter 11, pp 329–356. IN: approach with global application. Chapter 8, pp. “I’ve Got the Magic in Me”: The microbiome of F. Toldra, ed. Lawrie’s Meat Science 8th ed. 124–145. IN: N. Bolan, M.B. Kirkham, and Y.S. conventional vs organic production systems. Elsevier, Oxford, United Kingdom. Ok, eds. Spoil to Soil: Mine Site Rehabilitation IN: D. Singh, H. Singh, and R. Prabha, eds. Hennig, B., M.C. Petriello, B.J. Newsome, J.T. and Revegetation. Taylor and Francis. Plant-Microbe Interactions in Agro-Ecological Perkins, and D. Liu. Antioxidant therapy Burger, J., V. Davis, J. Franklin, C. Zipper, J. Perspectives. Springer, Singapore. against environmental pollutants and Skousen, C. Barton, and P. Angel. Tree- Yoder, R., and B. Rowell. Historical perspective on associated diseases: Nutritional antioxidant compatible ground covers for reforestation low-cost drip irrigation design and promotion. intervention against environmental pollution. and erosion control. Chapter 6, pp. 6-1–6-8. Chapter 11, pp 187–203. IN: J-P Venot, M. Chapter 3, part 4. IN: Kaïs Hussain Al-Gubory IN: Mary Beth Adams, ed. The Forestry Kuper, and M. Zwarteveen, eds. Drip Irrigation and Ismail Laher, eds. Nutritional Antioxidant Reclamation Approach: Guide to Successful for Agriculture: Untold Stories of Efficiency, Therapies: Treatments and Perspectives. Reforestation of Mined Lands. Gen. Tech. Innovation, and Development. Routledge, Springer-Verlag, Germany. Rep. NRS-169. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. London. Jacob, J.P., and A.J. Pescatore. Assessing the Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, sustainability of organic egg production. Northern Research Station. Published online: Landscape Architecture Chapter 31. IN: J. Roberts, ed. 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54 Russell, K., C. Lee, and D. Van Sanford. Proceedings, National Academy of Sciences Zhou, R., K. Basu, H. Hartman, C.J. Matocha, S.K. Interaction of genetics, environment, USA 114(26):6854–6859. Published online: Sears, H. Vali, and M.I. Guzman. Catalyzed and management in determining soft red doi:10.1073/pnas.1700715114. synthesis of zinc clays by prebiotic central winter wheat yields. Agronomy Journal Wang, Q., J. Liu, H. Li, S. Yang, P. Körmöczi, A. metabolites. Scientific Reports 7:533. Published 109:2463–2473. Published online: doi:10.2134/ Kereszt, and H. Zhu. Nodule-specific cysteine- online: doi:10.1038/s41598-017-00558-1. agronj2017.02.0126. rich peptides negatively regulate nitrogen- Zhu, X., X. Qiu, Y. Zeng, W. Ren, B. Tao, H. Pan, T. Salmerón, M., L.C. Purcell, E.D. Vories, and G. fixing symbiosis in a strain-specific manner in Gao, and J. Gao. High-resolution precipitation Shannon (2016). Simulation of genotype-by- Medicago truncatula. 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58 Rossi, J., A.L. Meyer, and J. Knappage. Beyond Entomology youth. Poster, Biennial Meeting of the Society farmers markets: Local foods opportunities in Baker, A., and D.A. Potter. Building a better for Research in Child Development, Austin, southeastern Kentucky’s retail and institutional monarch butterfly waystation. Greenhouse April. industry. Final report of research conducted Production News, June. Pp. 36-41. Kim, H., S. Shin, Q. Zhang, and M. Gillen. Age for Kentucky Center for Agriculture and Rural Graziosi, I., and L.K. Rieske. The battle plan: at first job and retirement wealth in later Development (KCARD) as part of the Power Defining a strategy to manage the emerald years. Proceedings, 63rd Annual Conference of Food project funded by the U.S. Economic ash borer in Kentucky forests. Kentucky of American Council on Consumer Interests, Development Authority and the Appalachian Woodlands Magazine. Albuquerque, April 21–23. Regional Commission, December. Mach, B., T.D. 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59 Forestry Horticulture Joint Study Groups Meeting, Santa Cruz do Sul, Banerjee, O., M. Cicowiez, T.O. Ochuodho, Geneve, R.L. Impact of seed technology on Brazil, October 22–26. M. Masozera, B. Wolde, P. Lal, S. Dudek, and seed germination in horticultural crops. Keeney, A.B., W.A. Bailey, J.C. Rodgers, and R.A. J.R.R. Alavalapati. Financing the sustainable Proceedings, International Plant Propagators’ Hill. 2016. Evaluation of Presidio and Ridomil management of Rwanda’s national protected Society 67. Gold for black shank control in dark fire-cured areas. Working Document Number 211. ISSN Gregory, T., and R.L. Geneve. Use of K-IBA as a tobacco. Paper 34. Proceedings, 47th Tobacco 1853-0168. Center for Distributive, Labor and foliar spray for softwood cutting propagation. Workers Conference, Nashville, January 11–14. Social Studies. La Plata National University. La Proceedings, International Plant Propagators’ Knott, C., L. Murdock, and E. Ritchey. Warm Plata, Argentina. Society 67. weather results in advanced winter wheat Barton, C. Yale Environment 360. Reclaiming Lewis, V., and R.L. Geneve. Developing a growth stages. UK Wheat Science News 21(1):1. Appalachia: A push to bring back native forests modified hydroponic stock plant system Published online: https://wheatscience.ca.uky. to coal country. December. Published online: for minicuttings of redbud. Proceedings, edu/files/feb._2017_wheat_newsletter.pdf. http://e360.yale.edu/features/reclaiming- International Plant Propagators’ Society 67. Munshaw, G. Mulching tree leaves for a appalachia-a-push-to-bring-back-native-forests- Wilson, S.B, R.L. Geneve, and F.T. Davies, Jr. better lawn. Video. UK Turf channel. to-coal-country. Reflections on nearly sixty years of changes Available online: https://www.youtube.com/ Barton, C., C. Zipper, and J. Burger. Preface. Pp. for the textbook Plant Propagation: Principles watch?v=pVTY4BhsBz4. i–iii. IN: Mary Beth Adams, ed. The forestry and Practices. 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60 Wendroth, O. Wilfried Ehlers: Agronomist Vincelli, P. Should university agricultural Arnold, L.M. Why antibiotics fail. Cow Country and Soil Physicist. Editorial. Soil and Tillage research scientists partner with industry? News, March; Off the Hoof, February; Feed Lot Research 171:A1-A2. Published online: Genetic Literacy Project. Published online: Magazine. Volume XXV Number 7, November. doi:10.1016/j.still.2017.04.005. https://www.geneticliteracyproject. Arnold, L.M. Understanding the BVD virus. Cow org/2017/03/07/university-research-scientists- Country News, Feb; Off the Hoof, January. Plant Pathology partner-industry/. Arnold, L.M. Cow/Calf producers: Beware of Bradley, C.A., K. Mehl, and J. Duckworth. Vincelli, P., D. Jackson-Smith, M. Holsapple, M.A. Johne’s Disease. Cow Country News, Jan. Effect of a new SDHI fungicide (adepidyn) Grusak, M. Harsh, T. Klein, J. Lambert, B.M. Carter C.N. Diagnostic laboratory rounds. in managing FHB and DON on soft red Lange, D.M. Lodge, J. McCluskey, et al. National Kentucky Veterinary News, Quarterly. winter wheat in Kentucky. P. 5. IN: S. Canty, Academies report has broad support. Nature Gaskill, C.L., R. Cullman-Clark, L. Lachiewicz, B. Wiermer, and D. Van Sanford, eds. Biotechnology 35:304–306. Published online: M. Lamarre, B. Rohleder, K. Sadler, R. Sparling, Proceedings, 2017 National Fusarium Head doi:10.1038/nbt.3842. and C.N. Carter. 2016 Study of current Blight Forum, U.S. Wheat and Barley Scab conditions of Kentucky county animal shelters Initiative, East Lansing, MI/Lexington. UK Veterinary Diagnostic Lab and degree of compliance with Kentucky Bradley, C.A., L.V. Madden, and P.A. Paul. Multi- Arnold, L.M. An ounce of prevention is worth a animal shelter laws. Veterinary Science state research on the effect of quinone outside pound of cure: What you do now makes a big Reports, University of Kentucky. inhibitor fungicides on DON contamination difference on calves to be born this spring. Off in wheat grain. P. 6. IN: S. Canty, B. Wiermer, the Hoof, December. Veterinary Science and D. Van Sanford, eds. Proceedings, 2017 Arnold, L.M. Chronic pneumonia in feeder Chambers, T.M. Equine influenza beyond National Fusarium Head Blight Forum, U.S. calves? Thank Mycoplasma bovis. Cow Country equines. Equine Disease Quarterly 26(4):3–4. Wheat and Barley Scab Initiative, East Lansing, News, December; Off the Hoof, November. Fenger, C., T. Boulmetis, and T. Tobin. Out in MI/Lexington, KY. Arnold, L.M. Part II: Interpretation of water the cold: Ingredients in over-the-counter cold Rod, K.S., C.A. Knott, and C.A. Bradley. quality reports and how to address common medicines can wreak havoc on a trainer’s Decreasing deoxynivalenol (DON) water problems. Cow Country News, livelihood and an owner’s prized racehorse. contamination in soft red winter wheat grain November; Off the Hoof, October. Horsemen’s Journal 64(1):40–42. through agronomic practices in Kentucky. P. 19. Arnold, L.M. and Townsend, L. Epizootic Fenger, C., and T. Tobin. Medication migration: IN: S. Canty, B. Wiermer, and D. Van Sanford, hemorrhagic disease (EHD) producer update: The Charles Town naproxen experience and eds. Proceedings, 2017 National Fusarium Head Is it bluetongue or EHD? Cow Country News, why it matters to all racing jurisdictions. Blight Forum, U.S. Wheat and Barley Scab October; Off the Hoof, September. Horsemen’s Journal 64(3):32–35. Initiative, East Lansing, MI/Lexington. Arnold, L.M. The importance of water quality for Fenger, C., T. Tobin, and J.D. Ecabert. No Lasix Salgado, J.D., G. Bergstrom, C. Bradley, K. cattle health and performance. Cow Country racing: Good idea or failed experiment? Bowen, E. Byamukama, A. Byrne, A. Collins, News, September; Off the Hoof, August. Horsemen’s Journal 64(2):27–30. C. Cowger, J. Cummings, V. Chapara, M.I. Arnold, L.M. Recent vaccination research may Machin, J., T. Shults, C. Fenger, and T. Tobin. Chilvers, et al. Efficacy of two-treatment improve high-risk stocker health. Cow Country Inadvertent environmental transfer of fungicide programs for FHB management: A News, August; Off the Hoof, July. dextromethorphan from groom to racehorse multi-state coordinated project. Pp. 20–25. IN: Arnold, L.M. Do you use a dart gun? BQA results in establishment of a pharmacologically S. Canty, B. Wiermer, and D. Van Sanford, eds. guidelines still apply. Cow Country News, July; relevant cutoff. ToxTalk 41(2):20–23. Proceedings, 2017 National Fusarium Head Off the Hoof, June; KY Veterinary News, Fall. Nielsen, M.K. Tapeworms in horses. The Horse, Blight Forum, U.S. Wheat and Barley Scab Arnold, L.M. Feeding steers on corn gluten or July. Initiative, East Lansing, MI/Lexington. distillers grains? Learn to recognize blockage Nielsen, M.K., E. Lyons, and S. Tolliver. An era in Salgado, J.D., K. Ames, G. Bergstrom, C. Bradley, from urinary calculi and how to prevent them. parasitology. The Horse, December. E. Byamukama, J. Cummings, V. Chapara, M.I. Cow Country News, June; Off the Hoof, May. Sanchez Londona, A., A. Nemec, and M.K. Chilvers, R. Dill-Macky, A. Friskop, et al. Robus Arnold, L.M. Baleage mistakes can lead to major Nielsen. Equine internal parasites and management programs to minimize losses due health consequences. Cow Country News, May; sustainable parasite control. IN: Advanced to Fusarium head blight and deoxynivalenol KY Dairy Notes, June; Off the Hoof, April. Equine Studies, Mouse Hole Farm Productions. in wheat. Pp. 26–27. IN: S. Canty, B. Wiermer, Arnold, L.M. Running on empty? Lack of energy and D. Van Sanford, eds. Proceedings, 2017 in the diet will cause cattle deaths. Cow National Fusarium Head Blight Forum, U.S. Country News, April; Off the Hoof, March. Wheat and Barley Scab Initiative, East Lansing, MI/Lexington.

61 Graduate Degrees Degrees listed are from the 2017 spring semester, 2017 second summer session, and 2017 fall semester.

Ph.D. Dissertations Forestry Lamb, Kelsey Ellen. The survival of various Agricultural Economics Rounsaville, Todd. Invasion dynamics of the pathogenic organisms in fats and oils. Nolan, Derek T. An examination of milk quality Alagsam, Fuad Mohammed. Three essays in food exotic liana Euonymus fortunei (Turcz.) Hand.- Mazz. (wintercreeper). effects on milk yield and dairy production consumption and health related issues. economics in the Southeastern United States. Alia, Didier Yelognisse. Agricultural input Plant and Soil Sciences Riccioni, Kara. Influence of ergot alkaloids on intensification, productivity growth, and the Crop Science rumen motility: Time and concentration of transformation of African agriculture. ergovaline + ergovalinine required to impact Burney, Shaheer. The role of SNAP and habit AL-Amery, Maythem. Impact of high oil and reticulorumen motility. formation on household consumption behavior. protein on agronomic traits and overall seed Snider, Miriam A. Assessment of bovine vascular Chen, Bo. Essays on organic food marketing in composition in soybean. serotonin receptor populations and transport the U.S. Sui, Xueyi. Transcriptomic analyses of ergot alkaloids in the small intestine. Penn, Jerrod M. Environmental values, stated of Cathatranthus Roseus hairy roots Tsai, I Ching. Differences in behavioral and preferences, and hypothetical bias. overexpressing CRMYC2 and ORCA3 and physiological variables measured with precision Seok, Jun Ho. Three essays on food safety roles of cross-family transcription factor dairy monitoring technologies associated with regulations and international trade of interaction in terpenoid indole alkaloid postpartum diseases. agricultural products. biosynthesis. Zuo, Na. Natural resource, regional growth, and Integrated Plant and Soil Sciences Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering human capital accumulation. Hao, Guijie. The role of alternative Liu, Enshi. Fractionation and characterization Animal and Food Sciences polyadenylation mediated by CPSF30 in of lignin streams from genetically engineered Arabidopsis thaliana. switchgrass. Huang, Jing. Differential activity and content of Paul, Prinyanka. Transcriptional and post- Wolf, Katharine. A portable sensor for measuring high-affinity glutamate transporters, content translational regulation of terpenoid indole gas emissions from dairy compost bedded pack of their regulatory proteins, and capacity for alkaloid biosynthesis in Catharanthus roseus. barns. glutamine and glutathione synthesis in tissues Russell, Kathleen. Genotype x environment x Community and Leadership Development of finished versus growing steers. management: Implications for selection to heat Jones, Barbara Wadsworth. Behavioral gait stress tolerance and nitrogen use efficiency in Harper, Tiffany. Fast friends: Implicit bias change characterization and detection using soft red winter wheat. of cross-group friendships in a college of precision dairy monitoring technologies. agriculture. Kudupoje, Manoj B. Molecularly imprinted Plant Physiology Hyden, Heather. Cultivating a culture of polymers synthesized as adsorbents for ergot Serson, William. Increasing renewable oil content food justice: Impacts of community based alkaloids: characterization and in vitro and and utility. economies on farmers and neighborhood ex vivo assessment of effects on ergot alkaloid leaders in the case of fresh stop markets in bioavailability. Veterinary Science Kentucky. Nair, Mahesh Narayanan. Proteome basis of Elzinga, S. Inflammation and insulin Jennings, Joshua Kerby. On making a difference: muscle-specific beef color stability. dysregulation in the horse. How photography and narrative produce the Stone, Amanda. Precision dairy farming Fedorka, C. An investigation into specific seminal short-term missions experience. technology solutions for detecting dairy cow plasma proteins and their effect on the innate Pekarchik, Karin. Riding through life: A lifespan disease to improve dairy cow well-being. immune response to breeding in the mare. study of the attitude, behaviors, and areas of Wang, Xu. Controlled oxidative modification Siard, M. Lymphocyte-mediated inflamm-aging educational opportunity for female equestrians with glucose oxidase to enhance the rheological in the horse. toward bra use and health outcomes when and gelling properties of myofibrillar proteins. engaged in equestrian sports Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering M.S. Theses Price, Mya Oneisha. Feeding the soul: Voices of Agricultural Economics Kentucky women combating child hunger. Chattopadhyay, Somsubhra. Impact of climate Tarpeh, Samson S. The role of the community change on extreme hydrological events in the Almodarra, Sattam Faleh. Investment for trade? capital framework and Christian faith-based Kentucky River basin. Impact of investment from Gulf Cooperation community development organizations in Rounsaville, Joseph D. Relative cross track error council countries on trade. Kentucky. calculations in ASABE/ISO 12188-2:2012 and Dant, Madeline Lynnette. An analysis of factors Tingle, Alexander. Analysis of structural and power/energy analysis using a 20 HP tractor on impacting hay auction prices and the potential cultural changes within agricultural education a fully electric drivetrain. for nap to reduce alfalfa revenue risk. from 2009-2014 which coincide with a Seyyedhasani, Hasan. Using the vehicle routing Richard, Jessica Ashley. The margin protection reduction of male pre-service agricultural problem (VRP) to provide logistics solutions in program for dairy: A forecast and ad hoc educators. agriculture. regional analysis. Turley, Courtney A. Examining cultural Saghaian, Sayed Yasser. Export demand Entomology proficiency among secondary agricultural estimation for U.S. corn and soybeans to major education youth through intercultural Athey, Kacie. Exploring predator-prey destinations. effectiveness and global experiences. interactions in agroecosystems through Townsend, Owen Margaret. The history of Warta, Rebecca L. Exploring the quality of molecular gut-content analysis. the federal milk marketing system and an life impact of the Bluegrass Double Dollars Kalsi, Megha. The xenobiotic transcription factor analytical view of unique qualities effects on program. cap n collar regulates expression of multiple milk prices in the southeast. Dietetics insecticide resistance genes. Animal and Food Sciences Family Sciences Ard, Thomas Michael. Effectiveness of a face- Collins, Kathy Flynt. The use ofLactobacillus to-face weight loss intervention paired with Weisenhorn, D. Attitudes toward corporal salivarius L28 as bioprotective culture in dry mobile technology among rural adults in punishment: The effects of sex, ethnicity, fermented sausages. Kentucky. military culture, and religion. Crites Benjamin R. Comparison of conception Ashton, Emily. The effects of a 16-week Westmoreland, A. Couples and weight loss rates in beef cattle inseminated with either introductory nutrition course on dietary habits surgery: Experiencing success. Sexedultra™ sex-sorted semen or conventional and body composition of college students. semen in fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) protocols.

62 Connelly, Paige M. Adolescent food purchasing Forestry Graduate Enrollment patterns and the association with dietary intake Black, Devin. Managing upland oak forests with Note: Graduate enrollment data are from the UK and body mass index in rural communities in disturbance and the implications for non-native Office of Institutional Research. Kentucky and North Carolina. species invasions. DeWitt, Emily M. Social marketing campaign Dement, Wesley. An investigation of tree growth http://www.uky.edu/iraa/studentdata/enrollment. at farmers markets to encourage fruit and and woody vegetation colonization on a vegetable purchases in rural counties with a 19-year-old forestry reclamation site. net high obesity prevalence. Haymes, Caleb. Survival and cause-specific Gillespie, Rachel. Connecting self-efficacy of 2015 2016 2017 chg mortality of a Southeastern Kentucky deer Agricultural Economics dietary choices and the association with dietary population. intake among rural adolescents in North McDermott, Joe. Survival and cause-specific Master's 22 21 18 Carolina and Kentucky. mortality of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus Doctorate 27 28 27 Hickey, Hannah F. The school food environment virginianus) neonates in a Southeastern and its association with dietary intake among Major Total 49 49 45 -4 Kentucky population. Animal and Food Sciences rural adolescents. Patterson, Clinton. Initial understory response Lee, Teresa M. Comparing mindfulness-enriched to gap-based regeneration methods for mature Master's 28 19 24 weight management to current standard upland oak forests. Doctorate 23 28 25 practices. Poynter, Zach. Vegetation response to repeated Major Total 51 47 49 +2 McDonald, Jordan Elizabeth. Finding the link prescribed burning and varied wildfire severity between social connectivity and dietary intake in upland forests on the Cumberland Plateau, Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering among rural adolescents in North Carolina and Kentucky. Master's 14 13 18 Kentucky. Doctorate 10 10 9 Thomas, Rachel. Changes of percent body fat, Plant and Soil Sciences Major Total 24 23 27 +4 waist circumference, and fruit and vegetable AL-Bakri, Ahmed. Assessment of oil intake among division I collegiate female quantification methods in soybean and chia Dietetics and Human Nutrition softball players after nutrition curriculum seeds and characterization of oil and protein in Master's 23 19 18 paired with technology. mutant chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seeds. Doctorate* Entomology Baker, Trinity. Soil hydraulic property estimation Major Total 23 19 18 -1 under major land-uses in the Shawnee Hills. Kang, Ilgoo. Ecological, molecular, and Carmack, W. Jesse. Using exogenous hormone Entomology morphological data: A synergistic approach application to suppress axillary shoot Master's 14 17 10 to resolve species limits of lytopylus from the development in tobacco. Doctorate 18 15 17 Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Costa Rica Diaz, Benjamin. Studies relating PQQ Major Total 32 32 27 -5 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Agathidinae). biosynthesis to putative peptidases and operon Licht, William. What induces female kicking structure in Pseudomonas species. Family Sciences in Callosobruchus maculatus? Disentangling Prince, Kelly Joan. Evaluating nonstructural Master's 20 16 17 the effects of male traits on female mating carbohydrate variation of cool-season decisions. Doctorate 22 19 12 grasses based on genotype management and Major Total 42 35 29 -6 Nadeau, Emily. Binding, protection, and RNA environment. delivery properties of pours silica nano particles Swiggart, Ethan. Could winter annual crop choice Forestry in Spodoptera frugiperda cells. increase no-till double-crop soybean yield in Master's 20 20 22 Noland, Jeffrey.Risk parameters and assessment Kentucky? Doctorate* of dietary dsRNA exposure in Folsomia Zhou, Shuang. Evaluating soil physical and candida. chemical properties following addition of Major Total 20 20 22 +2 Savage, Matthew. Shifting arthropod non-composted spent coffee and tea for athletic Plant and Soil Sciences/Horticulture communities associated with emerald ash fields. Master's 25 23 25 borer induced ash mortality. Retailing and Tourism Management Doctorate 40 39 34 Family Sciences Badgett, Jeanne. An evaluation of the quality Major Total 65 62 59 -3 Campbell, Alyssa M. Rape myth acceptance: A of men’s 100% cotton jersey knit t-shirts Plant Pathology vignette approach. representing three retail categories. Master's 0 3 <10** Christian, Sarah E. Body image and sex: How Clark, Howard. Consumer response to table Doctorate 13 19 13 women’s body image influences and impacts spacing in a fast-casual restaurant. sexual experiences. Hahnel, Katherine. An analysis of performance Major Total 13 22 13 -9 Coffman, Kendall. Hooking up vs. pornography: claims in athleisure apparel. Retailing & Tourism Management A vignette approach about acceptability. Master's 10 14 11 Elswick, Alex. Emerging adults and recovery Veterinary Science Doctorate* capital: Barriers and facilitators to recovery. Angwin, Catherine-Jane. Analysis of humoral Hannan, Joseph. Formative evaluation of a family immune responses in horses with equine Major Total 10 14 11 -3 cooperation board game. protozoal myeloencephalitis. Rural Sociology/Career, Technology and Jansen, Kayla. Extended family relationships: Nam, Bora. Evolution of equine arteritis virus Leadership Education How they impact the mental health of young during persistent infection in the reproductive adults. Master's 39 33 29 tract of the stallion and the male donkey. Doctorate 9 Taylor, Victoria A. Physiological changes associated with pregnant or nonpregnant Major Total 48 33 29 -4 mares grazing pastures of orchardgrass- Veterinary Science bluegrass, Kentucky 31 tall fescue infected with Master's 8 6 <10** Epichloë coenophiala, or KYFA 9821 tall fescue Doctorate 17 20 20 infected with the novel endophyte AR584. Wynn, Michelle Arelia Ann. Biology and Major Total 25 26 20 -6 detection of pregnanes during late gestation in the mare. Grand Total 402 382 349 -33 *Degree type not offered. **Starting in 2017, Institutional Analytics uses "<10" for anything less than ten enrollments.

63 Financial Statement

Statement of Federal Formula Funds Fiscal Year 2017

Income Federal Funds Hatch 5,147,730 Hatch Multi-State 1,401,460 McIntire-Stennis 570,956 Animal Health 65,218 Total Federal Funds 7,185,363 State Funds Total State Funds 29,941,003 Total Funds 37,126,366

Expenditures Federal State Total Personal Services 5,869,084 25,377,718 31,246,802 Travel 118,039 273,833 391,872 Other Operating Expenses 1,109,287 4,082,995 5,192,282 Equipment 88,954 206,457 295,411 Total Expenditures 7,185,363 29,941,003 37,126,366

64 Staff

University of Kentucky Board of Trustees 2017 C.B. Akins, Sr. Jennifer Yue Barber Claude A. “Skip” Berry, III James H. Booth William C. Britton Edward Britt Brockman Mark P. Bryant Kelly Knight Craft Angela L. Edwards Carol Martin “Bill” Gatton David V. Hawpe C. Frank Shoop Robert D. Vance Barbara Young Alumni Members Michael A. Christian Cammie DeShields Grant Kelly Sullivan Holland Faculty Members Robert Grossman Lee X. Blonder Staff Member Dave Melanson Student Member Ben Childress Agricultural Experiment Station Administration Eli Capilouto, President Timothy S. Tracy, Provost Nancy M. Cox, Dean A. Rick Bennett, Associate Dean and Director of the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station Angela S. Martin, Vice President of Financial Operations and Treasurer Lisa Collins, Assistant Dean for Academic Administration Stephen R. Workman, Associate Dean for Administration Lesley D. Oliver, Associate Director Tom Hanna, Assistant Director Stephen Sizemore, Chief Financial Officer Timothy West, Director of Business Administration Orlando Chambers, Assistant Director for Research Farm Operations

65 Departments Following are departmental faculty and leadership lists for calendar year 2017. (R) denotes Experiment Station appointment.

Agricultural Communications Morgan, M.C., Associate Professor (R) Gaetke, L.M., Professor Skillman, L.M., Director Pescatore, A.J., Associate Chair and Extension Glauert, H.P., Professor Professor Gustafson, A., Associate Professor Agricultural Economics Pierce, J.L., Adjunct Assistant Professor Houlihan, J.B., Lecturer Barnett, B.J., Chair and Professor (R) Rentfrow, G.K., Associate Extension Professor Jackson, Y.L., Lecturer Rossano, M.G., Associate Professor (R) Kurzynske, J.S., Extension Professor Brown, R., Assistant Professor Schendel, R., Assistant Professor (R) Mullins, J.T., Extension Professor Buck, S., Assistant Professor (R) Strobel, H.J., Adjunct Associate Professor Norman-Burgdolf, H.L., Assistant Extension Burdine, K.H., Associate Extension Professor Suman, S.P., Associate Professor (R) Professor Davis, A., Extension Professor Tidwell, J., Adjunct Assistant Professor Plasencia, J., Assistant Professor Davis, T.D., Assistant Extension Professor Tricarico, J.M., Adjunct Assistant Professor Schwartz, A.K., Lecturer Dillon, C., Professor (R) Urschel, K.L., Associate Professor (R) Stephenson, T.J., Associate Professor Freshwater, D., Professor (R) Vanzant, E.S., Associate Professor (R) Webber, K.H., Associate Professor Halich, G., Associate Extension Professor Vijayakumar, P.P., Assistant Extension Professor Isaacs, S., Extension Professor Entomology Wahrmund, J.L., Lecturer Kusunose, Y., Assistant Professor (R) Wang, C., Adjunct Assistant Professor Palli, S.R., Chair and Professor Mark, T., Assistant Professor (R) Yiannikouris, A., Adjunct Assistant Professor Maynard, L.J., Professor (R) Bessin, R.T., Extension Professor Xiong, Y., Professor (R) Reed, M.R., Professor (R) Brown, G.C., Professor Saghaian, S., Professor (R) Biosystems and Agricultral Engineering Dobson, S.L., Professor Fox, C.W., Professor Schieffer, J.K., Senior Lecturer Montross, M.D., Professor and Chair (R) Shockley, J., Assistant Extension Professor Gonthier, D.J., Assistant Professor Snell, W.M., Extension Professor Adedeji, A.A., Assistant Professor (R) Haynes, K.F., Professor Stowe, C.J., Associate Professor (R) Agouridis, C.T., Associate Extension Professor Obrycki, J.J., Professor Woods, T.A., Extension Professor Colliver, D.G., Professor Potter, D.A., Professor Zheng, Y., Assistant Professor (R) Crofcheck, C.L., Professor (R) Potter, M.F., Extension Professor Dvorak, J.S., Assistant Professor (R) Rieske-Kinney, L.K., Professor Animal and Food Sciences Edwards, D.R., Professor (R) Rittschof, C.C., Assistant Professor Coffey, R.D., Chair and Extension Professor Ford, W.I., Assistant Professor (R) Sharkey, M.J., Professor Hayes, M., Assistant Extension Professor Teets, N., Assistant Professor Aaron, D.K., Professor (R) Jackson, J.J., Assistant Extension Professor Townsend, L.H., Extension Professor Adedokun, S.A., Assistant Professor (R) McNeill, S.G., Associate Extension Professor Villanueva, R.T., Assistant Professor Aiken, G.E., Adjunct Associate Professor Modenbach, A., Lecturer Webb, B.A., Professor Amaral-Phillips, D.M., Extension Professor Nokes, S.E., Professor (R) White, J.A., Associate Professor Anderson, L.H., Extension Professor Peterson, M.L., Professor Zhou, X., Associate Professor Andries, K.M., Adjunct Assistant Professor Purschwitz, M.A., Extension Professor Ao, T., Adjunct Assistant Professor Family Sciences Sama, M.P., Assistant Professor (R) Bewley, J.M., Associate Extension Professor Shi, J., Assistant Professor (R) Werner-Wilson, R.J., Chair and Endowed Boatright, W.L., Professor (R) Stombaugh, T.S., Extension Professor Professor (R) Brennan, K.M., Adjunct Assistant Professor Bridges, P.J., Assistant Professor (R) Community and Leadership Development Brock, G.W., Professor Emeritus Culp, III, K., Adjunct Associate Professor Bullock, K.D., Extension Professor Harrison, W., Chair Burris, R., Post-Retire Extension Professor Flashman, R., Extension Professor Camargo, F.C., Associate Extension Professor Dyk, P.H., Associate Professor (R) Haleman, D., Lecturer and Director of Coleman, R.J., Associate Extension Professor Epps, R.B., Associate Professor (R) Undergraduate Studies Cortese, V., Adjunct Assistant Professor Garkovich, L.E., Extension Professor Hans, J., Professor Costa, J.H.C., Assistant Professor (R) Hains, B.J., Associate Professor (R) Heath, C.J., Professor (R) Cox, N.M., Dean, College of Agriculture Hains, K.D., Associate Extension Professor Hunter, J.L., Associate Extension Professor and Cromwell, G.L., Post-Retire Professor (R) Harris, R.P., Associate Professor (R) Interim Assistant Director of Family and Dawson, K.A., Adjunct Professor Hustedde, R.J., Extension Professor Consumer Sciences Extension Dwyer, R.M., Professor Jones, K.R., Associate Extension Professor Kim, H., Associate Professor (R) and Director of Ely, D.G., Professor (R) Kahl, D.W., Extension Assistant Professor Graduate Studies Flythe, M.D., Adjunct Assistant Professor Rice, L., Assistant Professor Kostelic, A., Associate Extension Professor Harmon, D.L., Professor (R) Rignall, K.E., Assistant Professor Smith, D.R., Associate Professor (R) Heersche, Jr., G., Extension Professor Rossi-Meyer, A.L., Senior Lecturer Vail, A., Professor and Interim Dean of Social Heleski, C.R., Lecturer Shade, L. Lecturer Work (R) Hennig, B., Professor (R) Tanaka, K., Professor (R) Vazsonyi, A.T., Endowed Professor (R) Hicks, C.L., Post-Retire Professor (R) Vincent, S.K., Assistant Professor Werner-Wilson, T.A., Lecturer and Director of Holder, M., Assistant Research Professor (R) Zimmerman, J.N., Extension Professor the University of Kentucky Family Center James, E.A., Lecturer Dietetics and Human Nutrition Wood, N., Associate Professor (R) Klotz, J.L., Adjunct Assistant Professor Bastin, S.S., Chair and Extension Professor Forestry Lawrence, L.M., Professor (R) Stringer, J.W., Chair and Extension Professor Lehmkhuler, J.W., Associate Extension Professor Brewer, D.P., Assistant Professor Lindemann, M.D., Professor (R) Chow, C.K., Professor Arthur, M.A., Professor (R) Matthews, J.C., Professor (R) Combs, E.M., Lecturer Barton, C., Professor (R) McLeod, K.R., Associate Professor (R) Flack, K.D., Assistant Professor Conners, T.E., Extension Professor

66 Contreras, M.A., Assistant Professor (R) Hildebrand, D., Professor (R) Prather, T.G., Inspector Cox, J.J., Assistant Professor (R) Hunt, A., Professor (R) Sikora, F.J., Soil Testing/Lab Director and Lacki, M.J., Professor (R) Kawashima, T., Assistant Professor Associate Professor Lhotka, J.M., Associate Professor (R) Kagan, I., Adjunct Professor True, J.A., Inspection Coordinator Ochuodho, T., Assistant Professor (R) Knott, C., Assistant Professor Webb, S.F., QA/QC Director Price, S.J., Assistant Professor (R) Lee, B., Associate Extension Professor Young, B., Inspector Ringe, J.M., Professor Lee, C., Extension Professor Retailing and Tourism Management Springer, M., Assistant Professor (E) Legleiter, T., Extension Assistant Professor Yang, J., Assistant Professor (R) Matocha, C., Associate Professor (R) Jackson, V.P., Chair and Professor Horticulture McGrath, J., Associate Extension Professor Cavender, R., Assistant Professor McNear, D., Associate Professor (R) Easter, E. Professor Houtz, R.L., Chair and Professor (R) Miller, R., Special Title Series Professor Lee, M., Associate Professor Antonious, G.F., Adjunct Professor Moe, L., Associate Professor (R) Lu, T. Assistant Professor Archbold, D.D., Professor (R) Munshaw, G., Associate Extension Professor Meuret, S., Lecturer Rudolph, R.I., Extension Assistant Professor Murdock, L., Professor Emeritus, post-retirement Pryor, M., Lecturer DeBolt, S., Professor (R) appointment Spillman, K., Associate Professor Downie, A.B., Associate Professor (R) Pearce, R., Extension Professor Swanson, J., Associate Professor Dunwell, W.C., Extension Professor Perry, S., Associate Professor (R) Wesley, S., Associate Professor Durham, R.E., Extension Professor Pfeiffer, T., Professor (R) Zhang, P., Assistant Professor Phillips, T., Associate Professor (R) Fountain, W.M., Extension Professor UK Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory Geneve, R.L., Professor (R) Ren, W., Assistant Professor Ingram, D.L., Extension Professor Ritchey, E., Extension Associate Professor Carter, C.N., Director and Professor Jacobsen, K.L., Assistant Professor (R) Salmeron Cortasa, M., Assistant Professor Arnold, Michelle, Ruminant Veterinarian and Pomper, K., Adjunct Associate Professor Sikora, F., Adjunct Associate Professor Associate Professor Rowell, A.B., Adjunct Professor Smalle, J., Associate Professor (R) Bryant, U.K., Veterinary Pathologist and Scott, R., Lecturer Smith, S.R., Extension Professor Associate Professor Snyder, J.C., Associate Professor (R) Teutsch, C., Extension Associate Professor Bolin, D.C., Associate Professor and Section Head Strang, J.G., Extension Professor Tsyusko, O., Research Assistant Professor Cassone, L.M.C., Assistant Professor Williams, M.A., Associate Professor (R) Unrine, J., Associate Professor (R) Cruz-Penn, Michael, Clinical Instructor Wright, S., Extension Specialist Van Sanford, D., Professor (R) Erdal Erol, Associate Professor and Section Head Wagner, G., Professor Emeritus, post-retirement Gaskill, C.L., Associate Professor Kentucky Tobacco Research appointment and Development Center Janes, Jennifer, Assistant Professor Walker, E., Extension Assistant Professor Kennedy, L.A., Assistant Professor Chambers, O., Executive Director Wendroth, O., Professor (R) Loynachan, A.T., Associate Professor Bush, L., Professor Williams, D., Professor Maples, Deborah, Section Head Canete, S., Scientist II Yuan, L., Professor (R) Saied, Ahmad, Assistant Professor Jack, A., Research Specialist Zhu, H., Professor (R) Smith, Jacqueline, Section Head Ji, H., Scientist III Plant Pathology Veterinary Science Kroumova, A., Scientist II Pattanaik, S., Scientist III Schardl, C.L., Chair and Professor (R) Horohov, D.W., Chair and Professor (R) Perry, P., Research Coordinator Bradley, C.A., Extension Professor Adams, A., Assistant Professor Wagner, G., Professor Farman, M.L., Professor (R) Bailey, E.F., Professor (R) Yuan, L., Research Director Gauthier, N.A., Associate Extension Professor Balasuriya, U.B., Professor (R) Zaitlin, D., Scientist III Goodin, M.M., Professor (R) Ball, B.A., Professor (R) Hirsch, R.L., Lecturer Landscape Architecture Chambers, T.M., Associate Professor (R) Kachroo, A.P., Professor (R) Chapman, S., Adjunct Assistant Professor Crankshaw, N.M., Chair and Professor Kachroo P., Professor (R) Christmann, U., Adjunct Assistant Professor Davis, M.M., Adjunct Assistant Professor Nagy, P.D., Professor (R) Cook, R.F., Associate Professor Hargrove, R.A., Associate Professor Pfeufer, E.E., Assistant Extension Professor Esteller Vico, A., Assistant Professor Koo, J., Assistant Extension Professor Vaillancourt, L.J., Professor (R) Graves, K.T., Associate Professor Lee, B.D., Professor Vincelli, P., Extension Professor Hale, G., Librarian II Phemister, J.A.N., Assistant Professor Wise, K.A., Associate Extension Professor Howe, D.K., Professor (R) Sass, C.K., Assistant Professor Regulatory Services Issel, C.J., Professor (R) Segura, A.C., Senior Lecturer Kalbfleisch, T.,Adjunct Associate Professor Johnson, D.D., Executive Director Plant and Soil Sciences Lyons, E.T., Professor (R) Barrow, M.C., Inspector MacLeod, J.N., Professor (R) McCulley, R., Chair and Professor (R) Combs, J.C., Agriculture Regulatory Associate McDowell, K.J., Associate Professor (R) Bailey, W.A., Extension Professor Counts, R., Auditor Nielsen, M.K., Assistant Professor (R) Barrett, M., Professor (R) Flood, J.S., Inspector Reed, S., Adjunct Professor Baskin, C.C., Professor (R) Green, K.M., Tag Registration Specialist Shaffer, C.L.,Assistant Professor Bush, L., Professor Emeritus Harrison, G.A., Feed/Milk Director Slusarewicz, P., Adjunct Assistant Professor Coyne, M., Professor (R) Hickerson, R.R., Inspector Squires, E.L., Adjunct Professor D’Angelo, E., Professor (R) Johnston, C.B., Inspector Swerczek, T.W., Professor Emeritus Dinkins, R., Adjunct Assistant Professor Keith, N., Inspector Timoney, J.F., Professor Emeritus Egli, D., Professor (R) Kariuki, Solomon, Laboratory Manager Timoney, P.J., Professor Goff, B.,Assistant Professor (R) Mason, D.W., Inspector Tobin, T., Professor (R) Green, J., Extension Professor McMurry, S.W., Fertilizer/Seed Director Troedsson, M.H.T., Professor (R) Grove, J., Professor O’Mara, Lauren, Agriculture Regulatory Verma, A., Adjunct Assistant Professor Haramoto, E., Assistant Professor Associate Wood, P., Adjunct Professor Henning, J., Extension Professor Pinkston, W.W., Inspector Zent, W., Adjunct Professor

67 Editor—Angelique Cain, Agricultural Communications Services Designer—Dennis Duross, Agricultural Communications Services

Mention of a trademark or proprietary product is for experimental purposes and does not constitute a guarantee or warranty by the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may also be suitable.

Look for the College of Agriculture, Food and Environment on the World Wide Web at www.ca.uky.edu.

The College of Agriculture, Food and Environment is an Equal Opportunity Organization. Issued 5-2021