Zwischen Tradition Und Modifikation

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Zwischen Tradition Und Modifikation ZWISCHEN TRADITION UND MODIFIKATION. Kulturelle Austauschprozesse in den Bestattungssitten der griechischen Kolonien in Unteritalien und Sizilien vom 8. bis zum 5. Jh. v. Chr. Inaugural - Dissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde (Dr. phil.) an der Philosophischen Fakultät der Universität zu Köln Fachbereich Klassische Archäologie vorgelegt von Nadin Burkhardt Betreuer Prof. Dr. Henner von Hesberg Köln, 12. März 2008 MEINEN ELTERN 1 VORWORT Die vorliegende Arbeit ist die überarbeitete Fassung meiner Dissertation, einer Unter- suchungen zu den wechselseitigen Einflüssen griechischer und indigener Bestattungssitten in Unteritalien und Sizilien, die im März 2008 im Fach Klassische Archäologie an der Universität zu Köln eingereicht und angenommen wurde. Dem Textteil steht ein umfangreicher Orts- und Nekropolenkatalog zur Seite; auf die dort nachschlagbaren Informationen wird durch Katalognummern verwiesen. Während die Bestattungen der ausgewählten griechischen Kolonien im Text besprochen werden, wurden die entsprechenden Angaben für die Herkunftsorte der Kolonisten und für die zahlreichen Orte im Umfeld der Kolonien in diesen Katalog ausgelagert. Die zwischen Abgabe und Veröffentlichung erschienende neue Literatur konnte nur in Teilen noch eingearbeitet werden. Die Druckfassung wird um ein Register und Abbildungen erweitert. An viele Personen und Institutionen richtet sich mein aufrichtiger Dank für ihre Unterstützung meiner Arbeit. Mein besonderer Dank gilt Henner von Hesberg, der die Dissertation betreut, mich entsprechend unterstützt und mir den nötigen Freiraum für die Entwicklung und Ausarbeitung des Themas gelassen hat. Dietrich Boschung sei für die Übernahme des Co-Referates und seine hilfreichen Anmerkungen herzlich gedankt. Die gedruckte Fassung wird in der Reihe Italikà des Reichert-Verlages erscheinen. Den Herausgebern der Reihe, Henner von Hesberg, Erich Kistler, Alessandro Naso und Richard Neudecker, möchte ich für ihre weiterführenden Hinweise und Bemerkungen danken, die hier bereits eingearbeitet wurden. Ebenfalls großen Dank möchte ich Dieter Mertens aussprechen, der das Thema angeregt und mich zuerst für die verschiedenen interessanten Aspekte der griechischen Kolonisation begeisterte. Ihm gilt, genauso wie Richard Neudecker und Henner von Hesberg, auch mein Dank für die Aufnahme in das Schwerpunktprogramm „Italische Kulturen vom 7. bis 3. Jh. v. Chr.“ am Deutschen Archäologischen Institut in Rom, in dem ich unter den wohl besten Arbeitsbedingungen meine Forschungen voranbringen, zur Diskussion stellen und beenden konnte. Unter den Projektstipendiatinnen sei besonders Kerstin Hofmann, Ellen Thiermann, Christiane Nowak und Marina Sclafani für ihre Diskussionsfreudigkeit, Hinweise, Ratschläge und praktische Hilfen gedankt. Ohne sie wäre die Arbeit eine andere. Nicht vergessen seien auch die für mich fruchtbaren Gespräche im Kreise der Darmstädter Kollegen: Heiner Knell, Franziska Lang und Rudolf H. W. Stichel – ihnen sei ebenfalls herzlich gedankt. Für umfassende Beratung und viele hilfreiche Hinweise schulde ich Eva 2 Winter herzlichen Dank. Meinen Frankfurter Kolleginnen und Kollegen, Axel Filges, Ursula Mandel und Wulf Raeck, die mich in Einzelfragen während der Druckvorbereitung beraten haben, möchte ich ebenfalls danken. Ebenso Andrea Salcuni, der mir für den apulischen Bereich wiederholt mit wertvollen Literaturhinweisen geholfen hat. Auch Monika Wien, die mir ihre unveröffentlichte Magisterarbeit („Archäologische Untersuchungen zum Territorium der Stadt Gela in archaischer Zeit“, Ruprecht-Karls- Universität Heidelberg 2000) zur Einsicht überließ, möchte ich an dieser Stelle meinen Dank aussprechen. Mein Dank gilt des weiteren der Gerda Henkel Stiftung, durch deren finanzielle Unterstützung der Aufenthalt in Rom und die Studienreisen vor Ort möglich wurden. Außerdem dem Dekant der Universität Köln, besonders Anna-Maria Gottschalk, die mich in administrativen Belangen unterstützte. Besonders verbunden und dankbar bin ich Frank Daubner für mannigfachen Beistand, durchgängige Bestärkung und sein anhaltendes Interesse für meine Forschungen und natürlich für die umfangreiche Arbeit des Korrekturlesens. Ebenso herzlich danke ich meinen Eltern, Anke und Dieter Burkhardt, und meinen Großeltern, die mir durch ihre langjährige intensive Unterstützung ein Studium in außergewöhnlicher Freiheit und Vielfältigkeit ermöglichten und mich immer in meinem Tun bestärkten. Ihnen möchte ich diese Arbeit widmen. Nadin Burkhardt Frankfurt am Main, 19. 02. 2013 3 INHALT Abgekürzt zitierte Literatur ................................................................................................... 8 Abkürzungen ....................................................................................................................... 10 I. Einleitung ......................................................................................................................... 11 I. 1. THEMA UND ZIELSETZUNG ........................................................................................ 11 I. 2. DER CHRONOLOGISCHE RAHMEN............................................................................... 13 I. 3. MATERIALGRUNDLAGE.............................................................................................. 14 I. 4. FORSCHUNGSGESCHICHTE ......................................................................................... 17 II. Vorbemerkungen, Definition und Interpretation ............................................................ 19 II. 1. 1. BEGRIFFSDEFINITION, BESTATTUNGSTYPEN UND -RITUALE.............................. 21 II. 1. 2. ITALIENISCHE BEGRIFFE UND IHRE BEDEUTUNG............................................... 23 II. 1. 3. BENENNUNG DER KULTURGRUPPEN ................................................................. 26 II. 2. PROBLEMATIK DER SCHRIFTLICHEN ÜBERLIEFERUNG .......................................... 27 II. 3. MÖGLICHKEITEN UND GRENZEN DER INTERPRETATION ....................................... 28 II. 4. INTERPRETATIONSMÖGLICHKEITEN DER GRABBEIGABEN..................................... 32 II. 5. GRABKULTUR IN DER ETHNIEN- UND IDENTITÄTSDISKUSSION ............................. 38 II. 6. BESTATTUNGSANALYSE IM KULTURELLEN KONTEXT .......................................... 41 III. Die Griechen in Unteritalien und Sizilien ..................................................................... 46 III. 1. MIGRATION UND KOLONISIERUNG ...................................................................... 46 III. 2. ZUR STRUKTUR DER SIEDLUNGEN IM 8.–7. JH. V. CHR. ...................................... 48 III. 3. DIE GRIECHISCHEN SIEDLER................................................................................ 49 III. 4. DER UMGANG MIT DEM TOD............................................................................... 53 IV. Die Euböischen Siedler ................................................................................................. 59 IV. 1. Pithekoussai........................................................................................................... 60 IV. 1. 1. LAGE UND TOPOGRAPHIE PITHEKOUSSAIS ...................................................... 61 IV. 1. 2. STRUKTUR UND BESTATTUNGSSITTEN IN DER NEKROPOLE PITHEKOUSAIS..... 62 VERTEILUNG UND LAGE DER GRÄBER.......................................................................... 62 DIE KÖRPERBESTATTUNG............................................................................................. 65 DIE BRANDBESTATTUNG .............................................................................................. 66 DIE GRABBEIGABEN ..................................................................................................... 68 IV. 1. 3. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG DER PITHEKOUSANISCHEN BESTATTUNGSBRÄUCHE ...... 73 IV. 2. Kyme ..................................................................................................................... 76 IV. 2. 1. TOPOGRAPHIE VON STADT UND NEKROPOLE KYMES...................................... 78 VERTEILUNG DER GRÄBER ........................................................................................... 79 DIE KÖRPERBESTATTUNG............................................................................................. 80 DIE BRANDBESTATTUNG .............................................................................................. 83 DIE GRABBEIGABEN ..................................................................................................... 84 IV. 2. 2. ÜBERLEGUNGEN ZUR GESELLSCHAFTLICHEN STRUKTUR IN KYME ................. 88 IV. 2. 3. GRIECHISCHE BESTATTUNGEN IM UMFELD KYMES ........................................ 91 IV. 3. VERGLEICH PITHEKOUSANISCHER UND KYMÄISCHER BESTATTUNGSSITTEN........... 93 IV. 4. DIE EUBÖISCHEN BESTATTUNGSSITTEN .................................................................. 95 IV. 4. 1. BESTATTUNGSSITTEN IM UMKREIS EUBÖAS: OROPOS UND HALOS............... 102 4 IV. 5. EUBÖISCHE EINFLÜSSE IN PITHEKOUSSAI UND KYME........................................... 104 V. Die Bestattungssitten im nordkampanischen Raum ..................................................... 109 V. 1. DIE BEWOHNER UND KULTUREN KAMPANIENS ..................................................... 109 V. 2. DIE BESTATTUNGSSITTEN IN NORDKAMPANIEN ...................................... 111 V. 2. 1. BEIGABEN KAMPANISCH-ITALISCHER BESTATTUNGEN DES 8.–6. JH. ............. 114 SCHMUCKBEIGABEN ..................................................................................................
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