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JAIC , Volume 39, Number 3, Article 1 (Pp
Paper Splitting: History and Modern Technology The MIT Faculty has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. Citation Brückle, Irene and Jana Dambrogio. "Paper Splitting: History and Modern Technology." Journal of the American Institute for Conservation, 39.3 (2000). As Published http://cool.conservation-us.org/jaic/articles/ jaic39-03-001_indx.html Version Final published version Citable link http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/120743 Terms of Use Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use. JAIC , Volume 39, Number 3, Article 1 (pp. to ) 28/10/2013 22:52 JAIC , Volume 39, Number 3, Article 1 (pp. to ) PAPER SPLITTING: HISTORY AND MODERN TECHNOLOGY IRENE BRÜCKLE, & JANA DAMBROGIO ABSTRACT—ABSTRACT—In the 19th century, restorers used paper splitting to separate recto and verso of double-sided prints or drawings. Today, the treatment is employed for strengthening weakened paper. Two German conservation centers are chiefly responsible for the development of the process to its current level of sophistication: over the course of more than 30 years, Günter Müller at the Thuringian University and State Library at Jena perfected manual paper splitting; over the same time period, Wolfgang Wächter, now at the Zentrum für Bucherhaltung in Leipzig, developed the paper- splitting machine. We outline the history of paper splitting and describe the contemporary processes from firsthand observations and interviews with the conservators at Jena and Leipzig. Technical evaluations of contemporary paper splitting are summarized, and some observations on objects that were split for the authors are documented (a 19th-century newspaper page, a 17th-century document written in iron gall ink, 17th-century book leaves). -
CLR and Preservation
NANCY E. GWINN CLR and Preservation The deterioration of library materials has become an increasingly critical problem . Many of the programs devoted to finding solutions during the last twenty-five years have been sponsored by the Council on Library Resources (CLR), a private, operating foundation. CLR grants supported chemical. and applied research in the causes of paper deterioration, helped to establish conservation laboratories, and supported development of new equipment and tests. CLR also has assisted in attempts to establish cooperative pres ervation programs and to spell out a national strategy. Recent events show a heightened awareness of the problem; several new programs and promise of increased funding give hope for the future. IN A FULL-PAGE COLOR PHOTOGRAPH in the remains. "2 It persists because the deteriora April 1980 issue of Smithsonian magazine, tion is passive, largely unnoticed by the li Library of Congress restoration officer Peter brary user until a book or journal is re Waters stands enveloped in a shower of quested and the pages begin to crumble in paper fragments, the remains of a scholarly the hand. work blown from his open hand by a puff of Much of what has been accomplished in exhaled air. No more dramatic testimony is the last quarter of a century has been made needed to illustrate the danger the United possible through an array of grants fur States is in "of losing its mind. " 1 The his nished and programs administered by the tory of why millions of books, journals, Council on Library Resources, Inc. (CLR), manuscripts, and other paperbound records an independent, private, operating founda of our cultural and intellectual inheritance tion established in 1956 by the F6rd Founda are deteriorating has been carefully tion. -
Brittle Paper
2/2/2016 preservationhistory Brittle Paper Brittle Paper (/Brittle+Paper) Edit 0 (/Brittle+Paper#discussion) 11 (/page/history/Brittle+Paper) … (/page/menu/Brittle+Paper) Brittle Books, Bad Paper The “brittle book” phenomenon has been one of the main preoccupations of preservationists and conservationists since the 1930s, but it has roots far deeper. Resulting from changes in papermaking that developed in the modern era, papers containing the (acidic) cause of their own early demise worried librarians and book lovers alike. Many of the preservation trends of the 20th century have emerged in response to the “inherent vice” of papers produced from the 1850s through the 1950s Why this paper crisis developed and how the library community has attempted to deal with the consequences of acidic paper is the subject of this section. Papermaking and the Creation of Acidic Paper In order to understand why brittle paper became such an issue of concern to preservationists, it is essential to learn a few basics about the papermaking process and how it has changed over time. Certain kinds of paper do not present serious or specific conservation issues because the processes used to produce them have created a relatively stable paper. The major concerns of preservationminded librarians developed out of paper produced beginning in the 1850s (approximately), which were created using chemicals and processes that contain the seeds of embrittlement and can greatly shorten the life of documents printed on them. The cellulose content of paper and the chemicals used to process it have much to do with how well the paper ages and how long it remains in good, usable condition. -
Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru = the National Library of Wales Cymorth
Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru = The National Library of Wales Cymorth chwilio | Finding Aid - Maybery Collection, (GB 0210 MAYBERY) Cynhyrchir gan Access to Memory (AtoM) 2.3.0 Generated by Access to Memory (AtoM) 2.3.0 Argraffwyd: Mai 03, 2017 Printed: May 03, 2017 Wrth lunio'r disgrifiad hwn dilynwyd canllawiau ANW a seiliwyd ar ISAD(G) Ail Argraffiad; rheolau AACR2; ac LCSH Description follows ANW guidelines based on ISAD(G) 2nd ed.;AACR2; and LCSH https://archifau.llyfrgell.cymru/index.php/maybery-collection-2 archives.library .wales/index.php/maybery-collection-2 Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru = The National Library of Wales Allt Penglais Aberystwyth Ceredigion United Kingdom SY23 3BU 01970 632 800 01970 615 709 [email protected] www.llgc.org.uk Maybery Collection, Tabl cynnwys | Table of contents Gwybodaeth grynodeb | Summary information .............................................................................................. 3 Hanes gweinyddol / Braslun bywgraffyddol | Administrative history | Biographical sketch ......................... 3 Natur a chynnwys | Scope and content .......................................................................................................... 4 Trefniant | Arrangement .................................................................................................................................. 4 Nodiadau | Notes ............................................................................................................................................. 4 Pwyntiau mynediad | Access points -
LAMINATION METHODS - PAPER MATERIALS P.Renganathan &R.Piramuthu Raja Ashok
LAMINATION METHODS - PAPER MATERIALS P.Renganathan &R.Piramuthu Raja Ashok ABSTRACT: The concept and use of conservation, is an age old tradition. The sole idea behind conservation is to ensure stabilization and protection of records against dangers and also correction of damaged wealth. The priority of placing materials in conservation is based on their rate of deterioration. The more rapidly decaying materials are given first importance than others. One such material is archival paper, as far as conservation of paper objects are concerned, the lamination process is the most widely used method. This paper focuses mainly on the different materials and methods used for the lamination of archival paper, their characteristics and their compatibility for archival paper conservation. Since there is no standard available in Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS) for the materials used in document conservation. Archival holders, not knowing material’s properties, chemistry, & disadvantages, simply adapt any one available method in vicinity with an intention to safe guard their archival holdings. But they are not achieving their goal. This paper will guide& help them to choose the correct material. 2 LAMINATION METHODS - PAPER MATERIALS P.Renganathan &R.Piramuthu Raja Ashok Introduction: The concept and use of conservation, is an age old tradition. The sole idea behind conservation is to ensure stabilization and protection of records against dangers and also correction of damaged wealth. The priority of placing materials in conservation is based on their rate of deterioration. The more rapidly decaying materials are given first importance than others. One such material is archival paper, as far as conservation of paper objects are concerned, the lamination process is the most widely used method. -
Migration of Volatile Compounds from Paper Stacks During Accelerated
Migration of Volatile Compounds from Paper Stacks during Accelerated Ageing A thesis submitted to the Department of Art In conformity with the requirements for the Degree of Master in Art Conservation Queen's University Kingston, Ontario, Canada September, 1999 Copyright O Anna Elisabeth Bülow National Library Bibliothèque nationale ($1 of Canada du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographic Services services bibliographiques 395 Wellington Street 395. rue Wellington Ottawa ON KI A ON4 Ottawa ON K! A ON4 Canada Canada The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive licence allowing the exclusive permettant à la National Library of Canada to Bibliothèque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distnbute or sel1 reproduire, prêter, distribuer ou copies of this thesis in microform, vendre des copies de cette thèse sous paper or electronic formats. la forme de microfiche/film, de reproduction sur papier ou sur format électronique. The author retains ownership of the L'auteur conserve la propriété du copyright in th~sthesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protège cette thèse. thesis nor substantial extracts fiom it Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiels may be p~tedor otherwise de celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés reproduced without the author's ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation. Abstract In order to develop improved artificial ageing methods for paper, several research projects conducted by different laboratories throughout North America have shown that paper sheets, aged in an enclosed environment or arranged in stacks, deteriorate faster than single sheets aged under the same conditions. This was found to be especially true for acidic paper. -
ABSTRACT BOOK the Getty Conservation Institute Preserving the World’S Cultural Heritage to Advance Civil Society Visit Our Booth To
AMERICAN INSTITUTE FOR CONSERVATION OF HISTORIC AND ARTISTIC WORKS 38TH ANNUAL MEETING / MAY 11-14, 2010 HYATT REGENCY / MILWAUKEE, WI ABSTRACT BOOK The Getty Conservation Institute Preserving the world’s cultural heritage to advance civil society Visit our booth to... • Learn about our model field projects, scientific research, educational initiatives, and information dissemination • Discover the many free resources on the GCI’s Web site www.getty.edu/conservation: books, reports, project bibliographies, videos, and more • Explore AATA Online, a database offering over 115,000 abstracts of conservation literature • Get a copy of Conservation Perspectives, The GCI Newsletter, a publication for professionals in conservation and related fields • Learn more about our graduate internship and guest scholar programs Keep up to date on our projects and other activities by signing up for the electronic GCI Bulletin: www.getty.edu/conservation/publications/bulletin The Getty Conservation Institute works internationally to advance conservation practice in the visual arts—broadly interpreted to include objects, collections, architecture, and sites. The Institute serves the conservation community through scientific research, educa- tion and training, model field projects, and the dissemination of the results of both its own work and the work of others in the field. In all its endeavors, the GCI focuses on the creation and delivery of knowledge that will benefit the professionals and organizations responsible for the conservation of the world’s cultural -
Barrow News World War One Soldiers Index
Barrow News 1914-1919 Date Page Name Type Picture Date of Death Address Next of Kin Other details 12/09/1914 3 Pte Harry Kendall death yes Millom 4th K.O.R.L. 12/09/1914 3 Pte Musson injured yes Barrow Cambrai 19/09/1914 8 David Craven death no Barrow fell from window 19/09/1914 8 Sgt Maj John Kellett death yes Askam pic 26/09 pg3 19/09/1914 8 Sergt Atkinson death no Barrow run over 26/09/1914 3 Gunner Henry Askew death yes Barrow more info pg 5 26/09/1914 8 Pte F Wright death no Barrow 03/10/1914 8 Pte William Martindale death yes Millom Guarding, 4th K.O.R.L. 10/10/1914 3 Arthur Taylor death yes Barrow 10/10/1914 3 Wilfred Wilson MIA yes Barrow 10/10/1914 5 Pte William Graham injured no Ulverston 10/10/1914 8 LC John Wall injured no Dalton 10/10/1914 10 Mr JH Beehee death no Barrow 17/10/1914 4 James Eaves injured no Millom 24/10/1914 5 Pte Robi Nanson injured no Askam 24/10/1914 8 Pte John Betts death no Barrow 31/10/1914 3 Wilson T Nightingale death no Barrow France 31/10/1914 3 Pte S Chaplin death no Barrow Coldstream Guards, formerly Barrow police constable, killed in action 31/10/1914 4 Cap Ernest C Miller death no Grange 31/10/1914 8 Mrs Henley injured no Barrow Life-Guardsman 07/11/1914 10 LC R Parkinson death yes Dalton pic 14/11 pg3 07/11/1914 10 Issac Waite death yes Dalton pic 14/11 pg8 14/11/1914 3 Pte J Baynes death no Barrow 14/11/1914 4 PC Liley injured no Silecroft 14/11/1914 5 Mr Joe Murphy death no Barrow 14/11/1914 5 Pte J Mcglennon death no Barrow 21/11/1914 3 Pte J Baxter death no Barrow Footballer 21/11/1914 3 -
Paper Preservation: Nature, Extent, & Recommendations. Occasional Papers. Number 171
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 265 877 IR 051 420 AUTHOR Westbrook, Lynn TITLE Paper Preservation: Nature, Extent, & Recommendations. Occasional Papers. Number 171. INSTITUTION Illinois Univ., Urbana. Graduate School of Library and Information Science. PUB DATE Nov 85 NOTE 79p. AVAILABLE FROMGraduate School of Library and Information Science, Publications Office, 249 Armory Building, 505 E. Armory Street, Champaign, IL 61820 ($3.00 per issue, $13.00 year's subscription). PUB TYPE Information Analyses (070) -- Viewpoints (120) -- Reports - Descriptive (141) EDRS PRICE MFO1 Plus Postage. PC Not Available from EDRS. DESCRIPTORS *Books; Cooperative Planning; Librarians; Library Collections; Library Education; *Library Materials; *Library Planning; Methods; Microforms; *Paper (Material); *Preservation; Prevention; Repair IDENTIFIERS *Deacidification; Deterioration (Books) ABSTRACT This paper provides clarification of issues important to the preservation of paper materials and presents practical steps for any librarian to take in preserving the library collection. In order to deal with a manageable subsection of this complex issue, the paper concentrates on three interrelated aspects of paper preservation: the nature of the problem, the extent of the damage, and recommendations for action. An examination of the problem discusses the causes of deterioration, the validity of current scientific methods of preservation, various complicating factors, and current tools available for creating a solution. A consideration of the extent of the problem covers examining the useful life of an item, determining how many books need immediate attention, and estimating costs involved in preservation. Recelltendations for future action include microforming materials, fell involvement by librarians in planning, and developing local and national plans. Appendices contain a directory of supply companies, a chronology of paper from circa 105 AD to 1981, an extensive reference list, and the author's vita. -
"Appendix 2: the Acidic and Brittle Paper Problem and Its Solutions" in "Preserving Harvard's Retrospective Collections"
"Appendix 2: The acidic and brittle paper problem and its solutions" in "Preserving Harvard's retrospective collections" The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Allman, Miriam H., Robert L. Buckwalter, Kenneth E. Carpenter, Clark A. Elliott, Wolfgang M. Freitag, Carolyn Clark Morrow, David H. Partington, Assunta Pisani, Roger E. Stoddard, Constance Wick, and Louis Charles Willard. 1991. "Appendix 2: The acidic and brittle paper problem and its solutions" in "Preserving Harvard's retrospective collections". Harvard Library Bulletin 2 (2), Summer 1991: Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:42661752 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA Appendix Two The Acidic and Brittle Paper Problem and its Solutions 1 In 1874, Harvard President Charles W. Eliot wrote, "the Library is the heart of the University." He could not have known that the paper manufacturers of his era, in revolutionizing the way paper was made, were unknowingly igniting the slow fires of paper deterioration. These slow fires would begin to threaten access to the "heart of the University" a mere hundred years later. The legacy of the acid papermaking process-the acidic and brittle paper prob- lem-is most acute for books printed between 1840 and 1950. When John Har- vard bequeathed his books in 1638, paper was made from a pulp of cotton rags, beaten and formed by hand into strong, durable sheets. -
Paper Preservation: Nature, Extent, &Eriecommendations
I LLINO I S UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN PRODUCTION NOTE University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Library Large-scale Digitization Project, 2007. University of Illinois Graduate School of Library and Information Science ISSN 0276 1769 Number 171 November 1985 Paper Preservation: Nature, Extent, &eRIecommendations Lynn Westbrook Paper Preservation: Nature, Extent, & Recommendations by Lynn Westbrook ©1985 The Board of Trustees of The University of Illinois Contents Introduction ............................... 3.....................3 Nature of Preservation Problems.................................. 4 Causes of Paper Deterioration .. ............................... 4 Summary of These Causes.................................... 8 Problems with Test Validity......................................8 Conflicts Among Experts in the Field ........................... 9 Summary of Test Validity Problems............................ 9 Complicating Factors......................... .................. 10 What is Being Saved ............................. ............. 10 Which Items Get Saved? ..................... .................. 11 Professional Commitment................... ...... .............. 12 Technology.................. ................................. 13 Library Education....................................... .. 14 Other Industries............. .............................. 14 Other Factors ................................ ..... .......... .15 Current Tools........... ..................................... 15 Permanent Paper -
An Evaluation of Magazines Suitable for Public Alkaline Paper. University
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 378 969 IR 055 332 AUTHOR Gambrill, Linda TITLE An Evaluation of Magazines Suitable for Public Libraries for the Presence of Alkaline Paper. PUB DATE Dec 94 NOTE 49p.; Master's Research Paper, Kent State University. PUB TYPE Dissertations/Theses Masters Theses (042) EDRS PRICE MF01/PCO2 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Academic Libraries; *Chemical Analysis; College Libraries; Higher Education; *Library Collections; *Periodicals; *Preservation; Public Libraries; *Publishing Industry; Records Management; Scholarly Journals IDENTIFIERS *Acid Free Paper; Association Magazines; Kent State University OH ABSTRACT Conservation of library materials is becoming an increasing concern, and there has been some effort by publishers to avert the problems created by acidic paper by switching to acid-free alkaline paper. University publishers, responded to this concern by committing themselves to using acid-free paper; however, most commercial publishers, who produce the majority of periodicals, have been slow to commit themselves to it. In this study, periodicals of general interest were evaluated for the presence of acid-free paper. Approximately 100 periodical titles were chosen from the collection at Kent State University (Ohio) and tested with a marking pen developed to demonstrate the presence of acid in paper. It was found that journals published by universities and associations are more likely to use acid-free paper in their publications, with 31 of 41 titles (76%) printed on acid-free paper. Commercial publishers, accounting for 60 of the 100, used acid-free paper in only 23 titles (22.77%). Only five periodicals included statements about acid-free paper; three were from associations and two were from commercial publishers in Great Britain.