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Assessment of Livestock Feed Resource Utilization

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Assessment of Livestock Feed Resource Utilization View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by CGSpace ASSESSMENT OF LIVESTOCK FEED RESOURCES UTILIZATION IN ALABA WOREDA, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA M.Sc. Thesis YESHITILA ADMASSU MEKONNEN April, 2008 Haramaya University ASSESSMENT OF LIVESTOCK FEED RESOURCES UTILIZATION IN ALABA WOREDA, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA A Thesis Submitted to the Department of Animal Sciences, School of Graduate Studies HARAMYA UNIVERSITY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURE (ANIMAL PRODUCTION) By Yeshitila Admassu Mekonnen April, 2008 Haramaya University SCHOOL OF GRAGUATE STUDIES ii HARAMAYA UNIVERISITY As Thesis Research advisor, we here by certify that we have read and evaluated this thesis prepared, under our guidance, by Yeshitila Admassu, entitled Assessment of livestock feed resources utilization in Alaba Woreda, Southern Ethiopia. We recommend that it be submitted as fulfilling the Thesis requirement. Tessema Zewdu (Ass Prof) _______________ _______________ Major Advisor Signature Date Azage Tegegne (PhD) _ _______________ Co-advisor Signature Date As member of the Board of Examiners of the M.Sc. Thesis Open Defense Examination, We certify that we have read, evaluated the Thesis prepared by Yeshitila Admassu Mekonnen and examined the candidate. We recommended that the Thesis be accepted as fulfilling the Thesis requirement for the Degree of Master of Science in Agriculture (Animal Production). ______________________ _________________ _______________ Chairperson Signature Date ______________________ _________________ _______________ Internal Examiner Signature Date ______________________ _________________ _______________ External Examiner Signature Date DEDICATION iii This thesis is dedicated to my wholehearted Mam and Brother ZEWDITU TEBIKEW and SOLOMON ADMASSU Whose ceaseless support, esteem, care and schooling fulfilled all my desires beyond their capabilities, shaped my life and enabled me to contribute this to farmers akin our family. iv DECLARATION I declare that this thesis is my original work and that all sources of material used for this thesis have been duly acknowledged. This thesis has been submitted to Haramaya University in partial fulfillment of the requirements of an M.Sc. degree and is deposited at the university’s library to be made available to borrowers under the rules of the library. I solemnly declare that this thesis is not submitted to any other institution anywhere for the awards of any academic degree, diploma, or certificate. Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable without special permission provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Request for this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the Head of the Department of Animal Sciences or the Dean of the School of Graduate studies when in his or her judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interest of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. Name: ------------------------------- Signature: ------------------ Place: Haramaya University Date of submission--------------- v ABBREVIATIONS ACU Adult cattle unit ATVET Agricultural Technical & Vocational Education Training CACC Central Agricultural Census Commission CSA Central Statistical Authority CP Crude Protein DM Dry Matter GLM General Linear Model ha Hectare HH Household ILRI International Livestock Research Institute IVDMD Invitro Dry Matter Digestibility IPMS Improving Productivity and Marketing Service LU Livestock unit ME Metabolizable Energy m.a.s.l meter above see level MoARD Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development NCFR Non Conventional Feed Resources NGO Non Governmental Organization NPP Net Primary Productivity OoARD Office of Agriculture and Rural Development PA Peasant Association PEG Poly Ethylene Glycol PLS (W) Pilot Learning Diagnosis site/Woreda SARI Southern Agricultural Research Institute SNNPR Southern Nation’s Nationalities and Peoples Region SSA Sub Saharan African t tonne TLU Tropical Livestock Unit vi BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH Born in Nekemte, Western Ethiopia in 1970, the author of the present thesis attended his elementary, junior and senior secondary schools between 1976 and 1986 in the same place in the Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus, Nekemte Haile silassie the Ist and Nekemte Comprehensive High Schools, respectively. He then joined the then Alemaya University of Agriculture in 1987 where he studied for four years there. He graduated in September 1990 with the Bachelor of Sciences in Agriculture (Animal Sciences). Between 1992 and 1994, he worked for the Ministry of Agriculture of the Southern Nations and Nationalities Regions in the South Omo Zone at Jinka. He was then transferred to the Oromiya regional state where he worked as Expert of Forage Agronomy and NGO coordinator in the regions Agricultural office and Bureau of Disaster Prevention and Preparedness between 1995 and 1996. The Author worked for Norwegian church Aid (NCA) funded project of the Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus, South Eastern synod of Dodola at Meda wolabu as community Integrated Rural Development project Manager between November 1997 and April 30, 2002. From May 2002 onwards then he has been working for the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, (MoARD) department of agricultural Extension at Alage Agricultural technical vocational education training college as senior Instructor and head of the department of Animal Sciences.Finally, he joined the School of Graduate Studies of Haramaya University in 2005 for his study in the specialization of Animal Production. vii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS “Lord, you have been our dwelling place through all generations. Before the mountains were born or you brought forth the earth and the world, from everlasting to everlasting you are God” (Psalm 90:1-2). My greatest thank goes to the Almighty creator “God” who in all my tribulations swore to me to be strong and courageous to inherit the lands promised to our forefathers when all besides me denied. I would like to express my sincere gratitude and heartfelt thanks to my major advisor, Assistant Professor Tessema Zewdu in the Department of Animal Sciences at Haramaya University, for his meticulous guidance and encouragement throughout the study period. His continuous urges recognize appropriately the feed resource base and circumstances were very crucial all over the study period. I am also thankful to my co-advisor Dr. Azage Tegegne IPMS/ILRI who showed me the way to get into ILRI for assistance, He was the way to this research before any one with thought provoking comments and insightful suggestions and I am enthusiastic to him for accepting my research proposal as part of one of the IPMS/ILRI hosted research so that good ways of materializing were opened during the time when the research under went. My thanks are due to the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development Department of Agricultural Extension for granting me the study and facilitating the research process through graduate tuition fee payment, research funding and settling the research budgets timely with consistent. Agricultural Technical and Vocational college of Alage deserves due attention for being collateral in the securing of study leave and enabling my families feel home in my absence with provision of facilities necessary. My thanks are also due to Improving Productivity and Market Success (IPMS/ILRI) project for the stipend and facility supports to the study. Alaba Special Woreda Office ofAgricukture Rural Development and Alaba Pilot Learning Woreda of IPMS project provided versatile supports during the field data collection and are duly acknowledged. Especially, Pilot Learning Woreda (PLW) research and development officer Ato Abebe Shiferaw took great initiation by welcoming me to Alaba, provided all the necessary research facilities, and directed me all through the right ways. In the PLW still of interest and quite unforgettable is my previous TVET colleague viii Bereket Dindamo who hosted me at Alaba in his own home and was a friend of good effort to the success of my research in addition to sending me the stipend timely. Feyedu Fekadu, Esayas Petros, Meseret Arega, Teshome Yohannes and Mohammed nur conducted the household survey and are sincerely accredited. Kebele administrations and Development Agents (DAs) in the study sites provided immense assistances during the data collection and are duly appreciated. Household leading farmers shared us their time, thoughts and generosity and I am very grateful to them. My wife W/ro Selamawit Zerihun has been in continuous support of myself during the study leave and during the research time materially, morally and visited me once coming up to Haramaya University with our second child in addition to vesting the responsibility of shouldering our children as equally while I was home. This education was successfully channeled because of the wholehearted dedication of my eldest brother Solomon Admassu during my under graduate time who took the foot of fatherhood equally below Mighty. My mama w/ro Zewuditu Tebikew deserves special thanks in this regard who brought me up without father patiently. My sister Wosen Yelesh Admassu and her husband Mulugeta Tsegaye at Dire Dawa were of grateful for they not only helped but also made me always feel home. My younger brother Fikre Silassie Adamassu‘s financial assistance and provision of computer services in his office was of great consideration during the research data analysis
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