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Immediate Life Support PRE -Course Handbook

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Immediate Life Support PRE -Course Handbook In accordance with the Resuscita- tion Guidelines, 2015 IMMEDIATE Sarah Hope Produced by ECG Ltd, December LIFE SUPPORT 2019 PRE-COURSE HANDBOOK Contents Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 3 Non-Technical Skills .......................................................................................................... 3 Leadership .................................................................................................................... 3 Teamwork .................................................................................................................... 4 Situational Awareness .................................................................................................... 4 Communication Skills ..................................................................................................... 4 Debrief ......................................................................................................................... 5 Reporting Incidents ....................................................................................................... 5 Signs of Deterioration ....................................................................................................... 6 Chain of Prevention ....................................................................................................... 6 National Early Warning Score ......................................................................................... 7 Causes of patient deterioration ....................................................................................... 8 The A-E Assessment ......................................................................................................... 9 Airway (A) .................................................................................................................. 10 Breathing (B) .............................................................................................................. 11 Circulation (C) ............................................................................................................. 12 Disability (D) ............................................................................................................... 14 Exposure (E) ............................................................................................................... 15 Basic Life Support ........................................................................................................... 17 Chain of Survival ......................................................................................................... 17 Recovery position ........................................................................................................... 23 Choking ......................................................................................................................... 24 Advanced Life Support .................................................................................................... 26 Cardiac Arrest Rhythms ............................................................................................... 26 Cardiac Arrest Drugs .................................................................................................... 28 Causes of Cardiac Arrest and their reversal .................................................................... 28 Ending a Resuscitation Attempt .................................................................................... 30 Opening the Airway ........................................................................................................ 30 Head Tilt & Chin Lift .................................................................................................... 30 Jaw Thrust ................................................................................................................. 30 Oropharyngeal Airways (OPA) ...................................................................................... 31 ILS Pre-course Handbook ECG Training Ltd 2020 Page | 1 Nasopharyngeal Airways (NPA) ..................................................................................... 32 i-gels ......................................................................................................................... 33 Pocket Mask ............................................................................................................... 34 Bag-Valve-Mask (two-person technique) ........................................................................ 34 Suction ....................................................................................................................... 35 Oxygen ...................................................................................................................... 36 Oxygen and Pulse Oximetry ........................................................................................ 36 Cardiac Rhythms ............................................................................................................ 37 Normal cardiac conduction ........................................................................................... 37 Cardiac Arrest Rhythms ............................................................................................... 37 Ventricular Fibrillation .................................................................................................. 38 Ventricular Tachycardia ................................................................................................ 38 Asystole ..................................................................................................................... 39 Pulseless Electrical Activity ........................................................................................... 39 Defibrillation .................................................................................................................. 39 Automated External Defibrillators (AED) ........................................................................ 40 Safety ........................................................................................................................ 40 Manual Defibrillation .................................................................................................... 41 Post Resuscitation Care ................................................................................................... 42 If the patient regains consciousness .............................................................................. 42 If the patient remains unconscious ................................................................................ 42 Anaphylaxis ................................................................................................................... 43 Fainting ......................................................................................................................... 43 Seizures ........................................................................................................................ 44 Asthma .......................................................................................................................... 45 Hypoglycaemia ............................................................................................................... 45 Summary of Drugs for Medical Emergencies ...................................................................... 46 Do Not Attempt CPR ....................................................................................................... 47 ReSPECT .................................................................................................................... 47 References..................................................................................................................... 49 ILS Pre-course Handbook ECG Training Ltd 2020 Page | 2 Introduction The need for clinicians to be trained in high-quality resuscitation is essential. The term ‘Healthcare Professional’ is now considered to have a much wider scope and the expectations that are placed on a wider variety of healthcare professionals have undoubtedly increased. Patients are increasingly seen for both consultation and diagnostic services in non-acute hospital locations that do not always have access to rapid emergency response teams. Our ageing popu- lation has an ever-expanding list of existing medical problems and public awareness of health, wellbeing and illness has become more prevalent. As such, the likelihood of Health Care Profes- sionals seeing unwell patients and being involved in cardiac arrests is higher than ever. This course has been aligned to the Resuscitation Council UK (RCUK) guidelines on Immediate Life Support. The RCUK develop and publish guidelines on resuscitation based on scientific evi- dence, which is reviewed every five years. This pre-course handbook is based upon the most recent guidelines published in January 2015. The primary objective of the RCUK is to promote high-quality practice in all aspects of cardiopulmonary resuscitation to improve survival rates. Non-Technical Skills Before we learn about the life-saving technical skills of Immediate Life Support (ILS) such as airway management and defibrillation, it is essential to consider the significance of non-technical skills. Non-technical skills are of a huge importance in an emergency. Three of the most important non- technical skills are: • Leadership • Teamwork • Awareness of the situation Leadership
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