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Outstanding Contributions to Logic Outstanding Contributions to Logic Volume 5 Editor-in-Chief Sven Ove Hansson, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden Editorial Board Marcus Kracht, Universität Bielefeld Lawrence Moss, Indiana University Sonja Smets, Universiteit van Amsterdam Heinrich Wansing, Ruhr-Universität Bochum For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/10033 Alexandru Baltag • Sonja Smets Editors Johan van Benthem on Logic and Information Dynamics 123 Editors Alexandru Baltag Sonja Smets Institute for Logic, Language and Computation University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands ISSN 2211-2758 ISSN 2211-2766 (electronic) ISBN 978-3-319-06024-8 ISBN 978-3-319-06025-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-06025-5 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2014946756 Ó Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Contents Preface by Johan van Benthem ............................ ix On the Trails of Logical Dynamics: a bird’s-eye view of this volume, by Alexandru Baltag and Sonja Smets ........... xv Part I Mathematical and Computational Perspectives 1 The Freedoms of (Guarded) Bisimulation .................. 3 Erich Grädel and Martin Otto 2 Expressiveness Modulo Bisimilarity: A Coalgebraic Perspective ............................. 33 Yde Venema 3 Schema Mappings: A Case of Logical Dynamics in Database Theory .................................. 67 Balder ten Cate and Phokion G. Kolaitis 4 On Dependence Logic................................. 101 Pietro Galliani and Jouko Väänänen 5 Intensionality, Definability and Computation ................ 121 Samson Abramsky 6 Comparing Theories: The Dynamics of Changing Vocabulary . 143 Hajnal Andréka and István Németi Part II Dynamics of Knowledge and Belief Over Time 7 Dynamic Epistemic Logics ............................. 175 Jan van Eijck v vi Contents 8 Belief Revision and Dynamic Logic ....................... 203 Patrick Girard and Hans Rott 9 Temporal Aspects of the Dynamics of Knowledge ............ 235 Valentin Goranko and Eric Pacuit 10 Logic and Learning .................................. 267 Nina Gierasimczuk, Vincent F. Hendricks and Dick de Jongh 11 A Computational Learning Semantics for Inductive Empirical Knowledge ................................. 289 Kevin T. Kelly 12 Structures for Epistemic Logic .......................... 339 Nick Bezhanishvili and Wiebe van der Hoek 13 Logic and Probabilistic Update .......................... 381 Lorenz Demey and Barteld Kooi 14 Belief as a Simplification of Probability, and What This Entails ................................ 405 Hannes Leitgeb Part III Games 15 Logic and Game Theory ............................... 421 Giacomo Bonanno and Cédric Dégremont 16 Knowledge Games and Coalitional Abilities................. 451 Thomas Ågotnes and Hans van Ditmarsch 17 On Definitive Solutions of Strategic Games ................. 487 Sergei Artemov 18 Logical Player Types for a Theory of Play ................. 509 R. Ramanujam 19 An Alternative Analysis of Signaling Games ................ 529 Gabriel Sandu Contents vii Part IV Agency 20 Them and Us: Autonomous Agents In Vivo and In Silico....... 547 Peter Millican and Michael Wooldridge 21 Incorporating Action Models into the Situation Calculus ....... 569 Yongmei Liu and Hector J. Levesque 22 Roles, Rigidity, and Quantification in Epistemic Logic ......... 591 Wesley H. Holliday and John Perry 23 Stit Logics, Games, Knowledge, and Freedom ............... 631 Roberto Ciuni and John Horty 24 The Logic of Best Actions from a Deontic Perspective ......... 657 Olivier Roy, Albert J. J. Anglberger and Norbert Gratzl 25 When are Two Arguments the Same? Equivalence in Abstract Argumentation ............................. 677 Dov Gabbay and Davide Grossi Part V Language and Cognition 26 Three Etudes on Logical Dynamics and the Program of Natural Logic..................................... 705 Lawrence S. Moss 27 From Good to Better: Using Contextual Shifts to Define Preference in Terms of Monadic Value .................... 729 Sven Ove Hansson and Fenrong Liu 28 Arguing About Dynamic Meaning........................ 749 Martin Stokhof 29 Logic of and for Language, and Logic of and for Mind ........ 765 Hans Kamp 30 Logic and Complexity in Cognitive Science ................. 787 Alistair M. C. Isaac, Jakub Szymanik and Rineke Verbrugge 31 Computational Complexity and Cognitive Science: How the Body and the World Help the Mind be Efficient ...... 825 Peter Gärdenfors viii Contents Part VI Styles of Reasoning 32 Dynamic Versus Classical Consequence.................... 837 Denis Bonnay and Dag Westerståhl 33 Dynamic Epistemic Logic as a Substructural Logic ........... 855 Guillaume Aucher 34 Arrows Pointing at Arrows: Arrow Logic, Relevance Logic, and Relation Algebras ........................... 881 J. Michael Dunn 35 Situation Theory Reconsidered .......................... 895 Jeremy Seligman 36 Unified Correspondence ............................... 933 Willem Conradie, Silvio Ghilardi and Alessandra Palmigiano ADDENDUM I: Reflections on the Contributions ................ 977 ADDENDUM II: The Life of Logic, a Scientific Autobiography ..... 989 ADDENDUM III: Bibliography of Johan van Benthem............ 999 Preface by Johan van Benthem This book appears in a series highlighting contributions to logic, as seen through the eyes of a congenial community of colleagues. It is a great honor to be a focus for the group of authors assembled here. Though public mirrors seldom reflect self- images, we learn most about people, not only by their own words, but also by the company they keep. But enough said about people, let me turn to the topic. This book is about logical dynamics, a bundle of interests and a program that may not cover my whole work, but that definitely constitutes the largest chunk of what I have done over the last decades. Let me explain what it means to me. You may find what follows ideological, some people prefer context-free theorems—but I need such broader perspectives even for myself, to remind me of why I do the things I do—or even, why I do research at all. The main idea of logical dynamics is the pervasive duality between informa- tion-related actions and their products. Standard logical systems emphasize notions like formula or proof in the sense of static objects that can be viewed or even manipulated externally. But these objects are produced in activities of commu- nicating statements, engaging in reasoning, and many other intellectual skills. Interestingly, our natural language is often ambiguous in this respect between verbs or other activity-related expressions and static nouns. A dance is an activity I can engage in, but also an object that can be produced by dancing—and the same duality holds for many logical terms, like ‘‘statement’’ or ‘‘argument.’’ The idea of logical dynamics is to take this duality seriously, and bring the core logical activities explicitly into formal systems that satisfy the same standards of rigor as the ones that we know and love. This is possible, since activities and events, too, have a formal structure that lends itself to logical analysis. In this way, to borrow a happy phrase, ‘‘logic can be more than it is.’’ Over time, my view of what are logical core activities has evolved from single- agent acts of inference and observation to social scenarios involving more agents, with asking a question, perhaps, as the major instance of a basic logical act. This took some time, since this social turn went against central tenets of my upbringing. ix x Preface by Johan van Benthem Dutch Calvinists like me were raised with the idea that there are two modes of life. The horizontal mode looks at other people and what they think, the vertical one
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