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The Vikings in Scotland and Ireland in the Ninth Century
THE VIKINGS IN SCOTLAND AND IRELAND IN THE NINTH CENTURY - DONNCHADH Ó CORRÁIN 1998 ABSTRACT: This study attempts to provide a new framework for ninth-century Irish and Scottish history. Viking Scotland, known as Lothlend, Laithlinn, Lochlainn and comprising the Northern and Western Isles and parts of the mainland, especia lly Caithness, Sutherland and Inverness, was settled by Norwegian Vikings in the early ninth century. By the mid-century it was ruled by an effective royal dyna sty that was not connected to Norwegian Vestfold. In the second half of the cent ury it made Dublin its headquarters, engaged in warfare with Irish kings, contro lled most Viking activity in Ireland, and imposed its overlordship and its tribu te on Pictland and Strathclyde. When expelled from Dublin in 902 it returned to Scotland and from there it conquered York and re-founded the kingdom of Dublin i n 917. KEYWORDS: Vikings, Vikings wars, Vestfold dynasty, Lothlend, Laithlind, Laithlin n, Lochlainn, Scotland, Pictland, Strathclyde, Dublin, York, Cath Maige Tuired, Cath Ruis na Ríg for Bóinn, Irish annals, Scottish Chronicle, battle of Clontarf, Ímar , Amlaíb, Magnus Barelegs. Donnchadh Ó Corráin, Department of History, University College, Cork [email protected] Chronicon 2 (1998) 3: 1-45 ISSN 1393-5259 1. In this lecture,1 I propose to reconsider the Viking attack on Scotland and I reland and I argue that the most plausible and economical interpretation of the historical record is as follows. A substantial part of Scotlandthe Northern and W estern Isles and large areas of the coastal mainland from Caithness and Sutherla nd to Argylewas conquered by the Vikings2 in the first quarter of the ninth centu ry and a Viking kingdom was set up there earlier than the middle of the century. -
The Clan Gillean
Ga-t, $. Mac % r /.'CTJ Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2012 with funding from National Library of Scotland http://archive.org/details/clangilleanwithpOOsinc THE CLAN GILLEAN. From a Photograph by Maull & Fox, a Piccadilly, London. Colonel Sir PITZROY DONALD MACLEAN, Bart, CB. Chief of the Clan. v- THE CLAN GILLEAN BY THE REV. A. MACLEAN SINCLAIR (Ehartottftcton HASZARD AND MOORE 1899 PREFACE. I have to thank Colonel Sir Fitzroy Donald Maclean, Baronet, C. B., Chief of the Clan Gillean, for copies of a large number of useful documents ; Mr. H. A. C. Maclean, London, for copies of valuable papers in the Coll Charter Chest ; and Mr. C. R. Morison, Aintuim, Mr. C. A. McVean, Kilfinichen, Mr. John Johnson, Coll, Mr. James Maclean, Greenock, and others, for collecting- and sending me genea- logical facts. I have also to thank a number of ladies and gentlemen for information about the families to which they themselves belong. I am under special obligations to Professor Magnus Maclean, Glasgow, and Mr. Peter Mac- lean, Secretary of the Maclean Association, for sending me such extracts as I needed from works to which I had no access in this country. It is only fair to state that of all the help I received the most valuable was from them. I am greatly indebted to Mr. John Maclean, Convener of the Finance Committee of the Maclean Association, for labouring faithfully to obtain information for me, and especially for his efforts to get the subscriptions needed to have the book pub- lished. I feel very much obliged to Mr. -
King of the Danes’ Stephen M
Hamlet with the Princes of Denmark: An exploration of the case of Hálfdan ‘king of the Danes’ Stephen M. Lewis University of Caen Normandy, CRAHAM [email protected] As their military fortunes waxed and waned, the Scandinavian armies would move back and forth across the Channel with some regularity [...] appearing under different names and in different constellations in different places – Neil Price1 Little is known about the power of the Danish kings in the second half of the ninth century when several Viking forces ravaged Frankia and Britain – Niels Lund2 The Anglo-Saxon scholar Patrick Wormald once pointed out: ‘It is strange that, while students of other Germanic peoples have been obsessed with the identity and office of their leaders, Viking scholars have said very little of such things – a literal case of Hamlet without princes of Denmark!’3 The reason for this state of affairs is two-fold. First, there is a dearth of reliable historical, linguistic and archaeological evidence regarding the origins of the so-called ‘great army’ in England, except that it does seem, and is generally believed, that they were predominantly Danes - which of course does not at all mean that they all they came directly from Denmark itself, nor that ‘Danes’ only came from the confines of modern Denmark. Clare Downham is surely right in saying that ‘the political history of vikings has proved controversial due to a lack of consensus as to what constitutes reliable evidence’.4 Second, the long and fascinating, but perhaps ultimately unhealthy, obsession with the legendary Ragnarr loðbrók and his litany of supposed sons has distracted attention from what we might learn from a close and separate examination of some of the named leaders of the ‘great army’ in England, without any inferences being drawn from later Northern sagas about their dubious familial relationships to one another.5 This article explores the case of one such ‘Prince of Denmark’ called Hálfdan ‘king of the Danes’. -
The Highland Clans of Scotland
:00 CD CO THE HIGHLAND CLANS OF SCOTLAND ARMORIAL BEARINGS OF THE CHIEFS The Highland CLANS of Scotland: Their History and "Traditions. By George yre-Todd With an Introduction by A. M. MACKINTOSH WITH ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-TWO ILLUSTRATIONS, INCLUDING REPRODUCTIONS Of WIAN'S CELEBRATED PAINTINGS OF THE COSTUMES OF THE CLANS VOLUME TWO A D. APPLETON AND COMPANY NEW YORK MCMXXIII Oft o PKINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN CONTENTS PAGE THE MACDONALDS OF KEPPOCH 26l THE MACDONALDS OF GLENGARRY 268 CLAN MACDOUGAL 278 CLAN MACDUFP . 284 CLAN MACGILLIVRAY . 290 CLAN MACINNES . 297 CLAN MACINTYRB . 299 CLAN MACIVER . 302 CLAN MACKAY . t 306 CLAN MACKENZIE . 314 CLAN MACKINNON 328 CLAN MACKINTOSH 334 CLAN MACLACHLAN 347 CLAN MACLAURIN 353 CLAN MACLEAN . 359 CLAN MACLENNAN 365 CLAN MACLEOD . 368 CLAN MACMILLAN 378 CLAN MACNAB . * 382 CLAN MACNAUGHTON . 389 CLAN MACNICOL 394 CLAN MACNIEL . 398 CLAN MACPHEE OR DUFFIE 403 CLAN MACPHERSON 406 CLAN MACQUARIE 415 CLAN MACRAE 420 vi CONTENTS PAGE CLAN MATHESON ....... 427 CLAN MENZIES ........ 432 CLAN MUNRO . 438 CLAN MURRAY ........ 445 CLAN OGILVY ........ 454 CLAN ROSE . 460 CLAN ROSS ........ 467 CLAN SHAW . -473 CLAN SINCLAIR ........ 479 CLAN SKENE ........ 488 CLAN STEWART ........ 492 CLAN SUTHERLAND ....... 499 CLAN URQUHART . .508 INDEX ......... 513 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Armorial Bearings .... Frontispiece MacDonald of Keppoch . Facing page viii Cairn on Culloden Moor 264 MacDonell of Glengarry 268 The Well of the Heads 272 Invergarry Castle .... 274 MacDougall ..... 278 Duustaffnage Castle . 280 The Mouth of Loch Etive . 282 MacDuff ..... 284 MacGillivray ..... 290 Well of the Dead, Culloden Moor . 294 Maclnnes ..... 296 Maclntyre . 298 Old Clansmen's Houses 300 Maclver .... -
Chapter I the Bard Maclean
Bu Dual Dha Sin (That was His Birthright): Gaelic Scholar Alexander Maclean Sinclair (1840-1924) A dissertation presented by Michael David Linkletter to The Department of Celtic Languages and Literatures in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the subject of Celtic Languages and Literatures Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts May 2006 ©2006 – Michael David Linkletter All rights reserved. iii Dissertation Advisor: Barbara Hillers Author: Michael Linkletter Bu Dual Dha Sin (That Was His Birthright): Gaelic Scholar Alexander Maclean Sinclair (1840-1924) Abstract This dissertation is an examination of the life and work of nineteenth-century Gaelic scholar, Rev. Alexander Maclean Sinclair. Maclean Sinclair was a prominent member of the substantial Scottish Gaelic community that flourished in eastern Canada in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. He was an acknowledged Gaelic scholar in his time, and published extensively on Gaelic poetry and Highland history. He was a Presbyterian Church minister with Gaelic-speaking congregations in both Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island, and, towards the end of his life, he became a lecturer of Gaelic language and literature and Celtic civilization at St. Francis Xavier and Dalhousie Universities. The dissertation is divided into two parts. The first part looks at the Gaelic influences in Maclean Sinclair’s upbringing and education, and includes a chapter on his maternal grandfather, John Maclean, a well-known Gaelic poet who emigrated from Scotland to Nova Scotia in 1819. Being raised in his grandfather’s household contributed to Maclean Sinclair’s profound identification with his Maclean heritage, and provided a considerable impetus to his later activities in Gaelic publishing. -
PLACE-NAMES of SCOTLAND Printed by Neill Tfc Company FOK DAVID DOUGLAS
GIFT OF SEELEY W. MUDD and GEORGE I. COCHRAN MEYER ELSASSER DR. JOHN R. HAYNES WILLIAM L. HONNOLD JAMES R. MARTIN MRS. JOSEPH F. SARTORI to the UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SOUTHERN BRANCH JOHN FISKE JOSEPH H'DONOI f RARE BOOKS PLACE-NAMES OF SCOTLAND Printed by Neill tfc Company FOK DAVID DOUGLAS. LONDON . SIMPKIN, MARSHALL. HAMILTON, KENT, AND CO., LIM. CAMBRIDGE . MACMILLAN AND BOWES. GLASGOW . JAMES MACLKHOSE AND SONS. PLACE-NAMES OF SCOTLAND JAMES B. JOHNSTON, B.D. MIKISTK.r: (IF THE VKV.V. CIU'IKTI, 1'ALKIIIK EDINBURGH: DAVID DOUGLAS 1892 ( ;DA < 69 PKEFACE. THAT this book is an attempt, only an attempt, with many deficiencies, the writer of it is well aware. The would-be severest critic could not criticise it more severely than he. But a pioneer may surely at all "times claim a certain measure of grace and indulgence, if the critic find here anything that is truly useful all, he is courteously entreated to lend his much- needed aid to make the book better, instead of picking out the many shortcomings which a first attempt in this philological field cannot but display. The book has been long a-gathering, and has been compiled in the mere shreds and fragments of time which could be spared from the conscientious discharge of exception- ally heavy ministerial work. It has been composed away from all large libraries, to which the writer was able to make occasional reference and both in only ; the writing and in the passing through the press though he has done his best he has been subject to incessant interruption. -
This Thesis Has Been Submitted in Fulfilment of the Requirements for a Postgraduate Degree (E.G
This thesis has been submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for a postgraduate degree (e.g. PhD, MPhil, DClinPsychol) at the University of Edinburgh. Please note the following terms and conditions of use: • This work is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, which are retained by the thesis author, unless otherwise stated. • A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. • This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author. • The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author. • When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given. The Fatal Land: War, Empire, and the Highland Soldier in British America, 1756-1783 Volume I Matthew P. Dziennik This thesis was submitted to the School of History, Classics, and Archaeology, University of Edinburgh, for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History February 2011 Behold my Doom! This feather‟d omen, Portends what dismal times are coming. Now future scenes before my eyes, And second-sight forms arise; I hear a voice that calls away, And cries, The Whigs will win the Day; My beck‟ning Genius gives command, And bids us fly the fatal land; Where, changing name and constitution, Rebellion turns to Revolution, While loyalty oppressed in tears, Stands trembling for his neck and ears. - John Trumbull, MacFingal (Philadelphia, 1776), Canto III, p. -
Mcleod Article
The dubh gall in southern Scotland: the politics of Northumbria, Dublin, and the Community of St Cuthbert in the Viking Age, c. 870-950 CE Shane McLeod University of Stirling The wide-ranging interests of the Scandinavians who controlled Dublin from 851, known as the dubh gall (and later the Uí Ímair), have been noted by some scholars. At various times they are thought to have controlled or exercised some form of over-lordship over the Kingdom of Northumbria, northern Wales, and southern Scotland, including the Kingdom of Strathclyde. Although evidence from present-day northern England and southern Scotland are often assessed separately, it is important to note that much of southern Scotland was part of the Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of Northumbria up to c. 950 CE. It is argued in this paper that the political interests of Scandinavian kings of York (members of the dubh gall/Uí Ímair), often aligned with the Archbishop of York and the Community of St Cuthbert, explains much of the evidence of Scandinavian burial and settlement. Although it is commonplace to use modern political boundaries to demarcate regions for study, this does not always reflect the political realities of earlier periods. For example, it needs to be remembered that during the early Viking Age ‘Scotland’ did not yet exist, and that southern Scotland was part of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Northumbria.1 At the start of the Viking Age Northumbria stretched as far north as the River Forth in eastern and central Scotland, encompassing the current council areas of the Scottish Borders, East Lothian, Midlothian, West Lothian, and City of Edinburgh. -
Post Office Directories 1851-52
National Library of Scotland lllilii 'B000064657* ^^/ ^' * >^>tw f^?^V>Tf^> THE ^-^ / .. ^ c^. POST-OFriCE GREENOCK DIHEGTORY FOR 1851-5 2, INCLUDING GOUROCK AND A8HT0N; WITH AN APPENDIX, CONTAINING POSTAL ARRANGEMENTS, SHIPPING LISTS, REGULATIONS POR THE CEMETERY, AND A VARIETY OP USEPUL INFORMATION. *^ GEEENOGK: PRINTED BY JOSEPH BLAIR, BROAD CLOSE. 1851, ' .^^ ADDEESS. In issuing the present Edition of the Greenock Directory, the Publishers offer their best thanks to their numerous Subscribers for their very extensive patronage. Its appearance has been delayed beyond the time intended, in consequence of the alterations that have recently taken place in the re-numbering of the houses. This delay, however, has afforded them an opportunity of bestowing on it that labour and attention so essential to the perfecting of a work of this descrip- tion: and they trust that, on perusal, it will be found as free from errors as any of its predecessors. Post Office, Greenock, July, 1851. Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2010 with funding from National Library of Scotland http://www.archive.org/details/postofficegreeno185152gre CONTENTS. Address. Calendar. Greenock Census Returns, etc. Stamp Duties. Directions for the Recovery of the Drowned. Street Directory, _ . - - - 1 Post- Office Directory, - - - - - 5 Trades and Professions. - - - - 145 Directory for Gourock and Ashton. * - 179 APPENDIX. Adjuster of Imperial Weights and Measures, ... 3 Advertisements, (see end of appendix,) ... ... — Banking Houses. ... ... ... ... 15-17 Burgh and Police Court, ... ... ... ... 17 Carriers, ... ... ... ... ... 36 Cartsdyke Mechanics' Library, ... ... ... 12 Charity School, ... ... ... ... 12 Churches, Ministers, and Presbyteries, ... 22-29 Clyde Shipping Company's Towing Vessels, ... 39 Commissioners of Supply for the Lower Ward, ... ... 20 Commissioners on the Harbouis, .. -
The Vikings in Scotland and Ireland in the Ninth Century
11/5/2015 12:23 PM http://www.ucc.ie/chronicon/ocorr2.htm Home | Contents | Ó Corráin THE VIKINGS IN SCOTLAND AND IRELAND IN THE NINTH CENTURY DONNCHADH Ó CORRÁIN ABSTRACT: This study attempts to provide a new framework for ninth-century Irish and Scottish history. Viking Scotland, known as Lothlend, Laithlinn, Lochlainn and comprising the Northern and Western Isles and parts of the mainland, especially Caithness, Sutherland and Inverness, was settled by Norwegian Vikings in the early ninth century. By the mid-century it was ruled by an effective royal dynasty that was not connected to Norwegian Vestfold. In the second half of the century it made Dublin its headquarters, engaged in warfare with Irish kings, controlled most Viking activity in Ireland, and imposed its overlordship and its tribute on Pictland and Strathclyde. When expelled from Dublin in 902 it returned to Scotland and from there it conquered York and re-founded the kingdom of Dublin in 917. KEYWORDS: Vikings, Vikings wars, Vestfold dynasty, Lothlend, Laithlind, Laithlinn, Lochlainn, Scotland, Pictland, Strathclyde, Dublin, York, Cath Maige Tuired, Cath Ruis na Ríg for Bóinn, Irish annals, Scottish Chronicle, battle of Clontarf, Ímar, Amlaíb, Magnus Barelegs. Donnchadh Ó Corráin, Department of History, University College, Cork [email protected] Chronicon 2 (1998) 3: 1-45 ISSN 1393-5259 1. In this lecture,1 I propose to reconsider the Viking attack on Scotland and Ireland and I argue that the most plausible and economical interpretation of the historical record is as follows. A substantial part of Scotland—the Northern and Western Isles and large areas of the coastal mainland from Caithness and Sutherland to Argyle—was conquered by the Vikings2 in the first quarter of the ninth century and a Viking kingdom was set up there earlier than the middle of the century. -
Alex Woolf Alex Woolf
2160 pictland 29/8/07 15:47 Page 1 THE NEW EDINBURGH HISTORY OF SCOTLAND THE NEW EDINBURGH HISTORY OF SCOTLAND GENERAL EDITOR: ROGER A. MASON NEHS2 FROM PICTLAND TO ALBA ALBA, 789–1070 FROM PICTLAND TO FROM PICTLAND TO ALBA 789–1070 789–1070 ALEX WOOLF ALEX WOOLF In the 780s northern Britain was dominated by two great kingdoms – Pictavia, centred in north-eastern Scotland, and Northumbria, which straddled the modern Anglo-Scottish border. Within a hundred years both of these kingdoms had been thrown into chaos by the onslaught of the Vikings and within two hundred years they had become distant memories. This book charts the transformation of the political landscape of northern Britain between the middle of the eighth and the middle of the eleventh centuries. Central to this narrative is the mysterious disappearance of the Picts and their language and the sudden rise to prominence of the Gaelic- speaking Scots who would replace them as the rulers of the North. From Pictland to Alba pays close attention to the fragmentary sources which survive from this darkest period in Scottish history and guides readers past the pitfalls which beset the unwary traveller in these dangerous times. Many of the sources are presented in full and their value as witnesses are thoroughly explored and evaluated. Unlike most other volumes dealing with this period, this is a book which ‘shows its workings’ and encourages readers to reach their own conclusions about the origins of Scotland. Alex Woolf is Lecturer in Early Scottish History at the University of St Andrews. -
Sutherland and Caithness in Saga--Time Or, the Jarls and the Freskyns
SUTHERLAND AND CAITHNESS IN SAGA--TIME OR, THE JARLS AND THE FRESKYNS BY JAMES GRAY, M.A. OxoN. EDINBURGH OLIVER & BOYD. STROMNESS: PRINTED BY W. R. RENDALL. PREFACE. RIG IN ALLY delivered as a Presidential 0 Address to The Viking Society for Northern Research, the following pages, as amplified and revised, are published mainly with the object of interesting Sutherland and Caithness peopie in the early history of their native counties, and particularly in the three Sagas which bear upon it as well as on that of Orkney and Shetland at a time regarding which Scottish records almost wholly fail us. When, however, these records are extant, use has been made of them together with later books upon them, of which a list follows, and to which references are given in the notes. A special effort has been made to deal with the vexed question of the succession to the Caithness Earldom after Earl John's death in 1231, with the pedigree of the first known ancestors of the House of Sutherland, and with the mystery of the descent of Lady Johanna of Strathnaver. Acknowledgments of assistance received are ten dered to the writers of the books above referred to, but thanks are specially due to Mr. A. W. JOHNSTON, Founder and Past President of the Viking Society, for numerous hints, and for making the Index; to Mr. JON STEFANNSON for reading the manuscript; and to Mr. ALAN 0. ANDERSON, whose knowledge of the English and Scottish Records of the period is as accurate as it is extensive, and who has made several valuable suggestions.