Initial Environmental Examination
Project Number: 40648-033 November 2014
IND: Infrastructure Development Investment Program for Tourism – Tranche 2
Submitted by
Department of Tourism and Culture, Government of Tamil Nadu
This report has been submitted to ADB by the Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai and is made publicly available in accordance with ADB’s public communications policy (2011). It does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION 08
1.1 Background……………………………………….………………………. 08
1.2 Project Components……………………………….………………………. 08
1.3 Project Cost – Component Wise………………….………………………. 08
1.4 Operation & Maintenance Cost………………………………………….. 09
1.5 Purpose of the IEE……………………………………………………….. 09
1.6 Environmental Regulatory Compliance………………………………….. 10
1.7 Report Structure ………………………………………………………….. 15
2.0 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT COMPONENTS 16
2.1 Description & Need of the project ………………………………………. 16
2.2 Proposed Facilities…………………………………………………… 16
2.3 Components of the Subproject…………………………………………. 17
2.4 Sanitray Complex………………………………………………… ……. 18
2.5 Deployment Schedule………………………………………………… 18
3.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE EXISTING ENVIRONMENT 19
3.1 Environmental Profile ………………………………………….……….. 19
3.1.1 Physical Characteristics……………………….…………….. 19
3.1.2 Hydrogeology………………………………………………. 20
3.1.3 Soils…………………………………………..……………… 21
3.1.4 Socio-Economic Profile 22
3.1.5 Colleges and Institutions…………………………………. 24
3.1.6 Trade and Culture 24
TABLE OF CONTENTS
3.1.7 Tourism 25
3.1.8 Ground Water Quality 26
3.1.9 Drainage 26
3.2 Environmental Profile – Site Specific ……………………… 33
3.2.1 Description of Project…………………………………….. 33
3.2.2 Site Details………………………………………………. 33
4.0 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 34
4.1 Location Impacts……………………………………………………….. 34
4.2 Design Impacts and Pre-Construction Impacts ………………………… 35
4.3 Construction Impacts …………………………………………………… 36
4.4 Operation and Maintenance Impacts …………………………………….. 36
4.5 Cumulative Impact Assessment………………………………………….. 36
4.6 Environment Management Plan ………………………………………….. 39
5.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 40
5.1 Institutional Arrangements……………………………………………….. 40
5.2 Program Management …………………………………………………… 40
5.2.1 Safeguards Management…………………………………….. 43
5.3 Environmental Management Plan …………………………… 45
5.4 Envrionmental Monitoring Plan…………………………………………… 59
5.5 Capacity Building ………………………………………………………. 63
5.5.1 Target Audience………………………………………………. 63
5.5.2 Envirionmental Awareness Building……………………… 68
TABLE OF CONTENTS
5.6 Environmental Budget ……………………………………………………. 69
5.7 Environmental Monitoring and Reporting ………………………………. 69
6.0 PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE … 71
6.1 Process for Consultation followed ……………………………………… 71
6.2 Plan for Continued Public Participation ………………………………… 71
6.3 Grievance Redress Mechanism …………………………………………. 75
7.0 FINDINGS & RECOMMENDATIONS …………………………………… 77
8.0 CONCLUSIONS ………………………………………………………… 78
List of Tables
Table 1 Applicability of Acts and Ruels………………………………… 10
Table 2 Sanitary complex Location Details…………………………… 18
Table 3 Decadal & Tourist Population………………………………… 22
Table 4 Air Quality Monitoring ………………………………………… 27
Table 5 Noise Level Monitoring………………………………………… 27
Table 6 Water Quality…………………………………………………… 28
Table 7 Environmental Management Plan ………………… 46
Table 8 Environmental Monitoring Plan………………………… 60
Table 9 Traningin Modules For Environmental Managment…………… 64
Table 10 Envrionmental Budget………………………………………… 69
Table 11 Consultations with Local Community………………………….. 73
List of Figures
Figure No. 1 Sub Project Locations ………………………………… 7
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Figure No. 2 District Map ………………………………… 19
Figure No. 3 Brihadeshwar………………………………… 25
Figure No. 4 Airavateswara……………………………… 25
List of map
Map. 1 Sub Project Locations………………………………… 7
List of Appendix
Appendix 1……Contract Clauses To Be Integrated Into Bid Documents 79
1.0 Construction of Sanitary Complex…………………………………….. 79
2.0 Provision of Deep Earth Bins………………………………… 82
3.0 Provison of Street Lighting………………………………… 82
4.0 Installation of Signages………………………………… 84
5.0 Provision of Street Furniture ………………………………… 85
6.0 General ………………………………… 85
Appendix 2………Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist 97
Appendix 3…………… Deployment Sequence of Key Experts 101
Appendix 4………… Environmental Monitoring Format 103
Appendix 5…………Sample Grievance Registration Form 105
Initial Environmental Examination
Construction of sanitary complexes for the floating population, placement of gravity entailed deep earth bins for garbage collection (2.5 cubic meters), Placement of tourism friendly uniform signages for convenience of the tourists and Placement of street furniture such as litter bins, bus shelters and benches for the comforts of travelling tourists in, Thanjavur Corporation, Thanjavur District, Tamilnadu.
Revised Initial Environmental Examination – Thanjavur October 2014
IND: Infrastructure Development Investment Program for Tourism (IDIPT) — Project 2: Tamil Nadu
ADB Loan: 2833 IND
Prepared by the Government of Tamil Nadu for the Asian Development Bank
Infrastructure development Investment Program for Tourism, Tamil Nadu (IDIPT TN) ( Project – 2) IEE-Thanjavur
ABBREVIATIONS
ADB Asian Development Bank CPCB Central Pollution Control Board CRZ Coastal Regulation Zone CPHEEO – Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organization, DoT Department of Tourism DSC Design and Supervision Consultants EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMP Environmental Management Plan IEE Initial Environmental Examination PIU Project Implementation Unit PMU Project Management Unit RCC Reinforced cement concrete ROW Right of way SPS Safeguard Policy Statement TA Technical Assistance TNPCB – Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board TTDC Tamil Nadu Tourism Development Corporation
Weights and Measures ha – hectare km kilometre m – metre mm – millimetre
This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, management, or staff and are preliminary in nature.
In preparing any program or strategy for a country, financing any project or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.
Department of Tourism, GoTN 2
Infrastructure development Investment Program for Tourism, Tamil Nadu (IDIPT TN) ( Project – 2) IEE-Thanjavur
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. Thanjavur, formerly Tanjore, is a city which is the headquarters of the Thanjavur District in the south Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Scholars believe the name Thanjavur is derived from Tanjan, a legendary demon in Hindu mythology. While the early history of Thanjavur remains unclear, the city first rose to prominence during the reign of Medieval Cholas when it served as the capital of the empire. After the fall of Cholas, the city was ruled by various dynasties like Pandyas, Vijayanagar Empire, Madurai Nayaks, Thanjavur Nayaks, Thanjavur Marathas and
the British Empire. It has been a part of independent India since 1947.
2. Description of the Project: The India Infrastructure Development Investment Program for Tourism (the Investment Program) envisages environmentally and culturally sustainable and socially inclusive tourism development in the project states of Himachal Pradesh and Punjab, Tamil Nadu and Uttarakhand, delivered through a multi tranche financing facility (MFF) modality. Project 2 includes the states of Uttarakhand and Tamil Nadu.
3. Description of the Subproject: (i) Provision of sanitary complexes for the floating population, (ii) Placement of gravity entailed deep earth bins for garbage collection, (iii) Placement of tourism friendly uniform signages for convenience of the tourists and (iv) Placement of street furniture such as litter bins, bus shelters and benches for the comfortable travelling of the tourists
4. The IEE was based on a careful review of subproject site plans and reports defined management plans; field visits, and secondary data to characterize the environment and identify potential impacts; and consultations/ discussions with stakeholders. An environmental management plan (EMP) outlining the specific environmental measures to be adhered to during implementation of the subproject has been prepared. Subprojects will provide needed environmental and tourist infrastructure to improve the environmental management and quality of the sites towards preserving their ecological and cultural integrity. The subproject will conform to all Government regulations, policies, and standards, as well as Asian Development Bank’s Safeguard Policy Statement (2009).
Department of Tourism, GoTN 3
Infrastructure development Investment Program for Tourism, Tamil Nadu (IDIPT TN) ( Project – 2) IEE-Thanjavur
5. Categorization of Projects and Activities: (i) Under the EIA Notification, 2006 promulgated under Environment (Protection) Act 1986 of the MOEF, Govt of India, all developmental projects and activities listed under the schedule of the Notification are broadly categorized in to two categories Category A and Category B, based on the spatial extent of potential impacts on human health and natural & man made resources.
(ii) All projects or activities under Category ‘A’ in the Schedule, including expansion and modernization of existing projects or activities and change in product mix, shall require prior environmental clearance from the Central Government in the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) on the recommendations of an Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) to be constituted by the Central Government for the purposes of this Notification;
(iii) All projects or activities under Category ‘B’ in the Schedule, including expansion and modernization of existing projects or activities as specified in sub paragraph (ii) of paragraph 2, or change in product mix as specified in sub paragraph (iii) of paragraph 2, but excluding those which fulfill the General Conditions (GC) stipulated in the Schedule, will require prior environmental clearance from the State/Union territory Environment Impact Assessment Authority (SEIAA). The SEIAA shall base its decision on the recommendations of a State or Union territory level Expert Appraisal Committee (SEAC) as to be constituted for in this Notification. In the absence of a duly constituted SEIAA or SEAC, a Category ‘B’ project shall be treated as a Category ‘A’ project;
6. Considering the likely impacts and subproject location which does not pass through or is located near any national park, wildlife sanctuary, reserved forests, or any other ecologically sensitive area, it is concluded that no adverse impacts will result due to the proposed project. Further, no archaeological/protected monument is located in the vicinity of the project sites. The subproject is not listed under the Schedule and hence is exempted from environmental clearance of MOEF. Hence, the subproject is classified as Category B in compliance to the ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (2009).
Department of Tourism, GoTN 4
Infrastructure development Investment Program for Tourism, Tamil Nadu (IDIPT TN) ( Project – 2) IEE-Thanjavur
7. The likely environmental impacts of the project are not significant and at Category B level, as per ADB's Safeguards Policy Statement. The specific measures stated in the EMP will address all adverse environmental impacts if any due to the subproject. 8. The selection of components are consistent with the subproject selection criteria outlined in the Environmental Assessment and Review Framework (EARF) aimed at enhancing protection of these sites and enhancing their environmental quality. Subprojects are consistent with defined management plans designed to protect environmentally sensitive and cultural locations. Management plans guided subproject design and location; therefore, all proposed facilities in natural areas are located outside sensitive areas and sited in designated tourist development zones. 9. Impacts are readily mitigated through careful sitting, specific selection criteria for procuring contractors with demonstrated experience; execution of proven mitigation measures during the design; and adoption of good engineering practices during construction and implementation. A detailed monitoring plan prepared as part of this IEE will further mitigate negative environmental impacts during implementation. 10. Potential induced impacts are addressed through the following: (i) awareness building of local management plans at proposed sites specifically addressing the need to regulate tourism related development and planning in the area through coordination with related Government Departments and local land use committees; and (ii) project supported environmental awareness campaigns in surrounding communities to encourage participatory sustainable development consistent with eco tourism principles and in compliance with the state's tourism policy ecotourism aspects. 11. The Investment Program includes upfront and on going supervision and training assistance for environmental monitoring reporting in project management structures. The effective implementation of the measures proposed will be ensured through the building up of capacity towards environmental management within the project management unit (PMU) supplemented with the technical expertise of a Safeguards Specialist as part of the Design Supervision Consultants (DSC) and Project Management Consultants (PMC). Further, the environmental monitoring plans provide adequate opportunities towards course correction to address any
Department of Tourism, GoTN 5
Infrastructure development Investment Program for Tourism, Tamil Nadu (IDIPT TN) ( Project – 2) IEE-Thanjavur
residual impacts during construction or operation stages. 12. The Project 2 includes additional environmental awareness building to raise conservation values consistent with management plans and Tamil Nadu’s environmental and tourism policies (which emphasize ecotourism) amongst local communities and local governments in order to ensure future sustainable development in and around these locations. 13. Anticipated Impacts and Mitigation Measures: All pre construction, construction, and operation activities that are likely to cause environmental impacts were identified, and evaluated to assess their magnitude, duration, and potential receptors in consultation with the stakeholders. Consultations were held with the government representatives (Tamilnadu Tourism Department, Thanjavur Division and local communities) and local communities. Accordingly, an EMP has been prepared to mitigate any adverse impacts that may occur during implementation of the project.
14. Conclusion: In the light of the foregoing, this initial environmental examination (IEE) ascertains the temporary impacts likely to arise during various stages of implementation of the project could be eliminated / mitigated through proper implementation of EMP as outlined in the report. Hence, the subproject is unlikely to cause any significant environmental impacts. No need for undertaking detailed EIA is envisaged.
Department of Tourism, GoTN 6
Infrastructure development Investment Program for Tourism, Tamil Nadu (IDIPT TN) ( Project – 2) IEE-Thanjavur
Figure No:1 . Sub Project Locations
Department of Tourism, GoTN 7
Infrastructure development Investment Program for Tourism, Tamil Nadu (IDIPT TN) ( Project – 2) IEE-Thanjavur
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background 1. The proposed Project 2 (the Project) targets enhanced economic growth and provision of livelihood opportunities for local communities through tourism infrastructure development with a focus on preservation and development of natural and cultural heritage and incidental services. The Project supports the states of Uttarakhand and Tamil Nadu to develop the tourism sector as a key driver for economic growth.
2. The Project aims to enhance contribution of the tourism industry to sustainable and inclusive economic growth for each participating state. Increased visits of domestic and international tourists to tourist destinations within each participating state would be the outcome of the Project.
1.2 Project Components - Project activities aims at (i) Construction of sanitary complexes for the floating population, (ii) Placement of gravity entailed deep earth bins for garbage collection, (iii) Placement of tourism friendly uniform signages for convenience of the tourists and (iv) Placement of street furniture
1.3 Project Cost - Component Wise
Sl. No. Description Amount (Rs. in Lakhs) 1 Sanitary complexes (4 Nos.) 115.72
Gravity entailed deep earth bins for garbage 2 60.83 collection (50 Nos.)
3 Retro reflective road signage Details. (20 Nos.) 50.02
Street furniture Bus shelters (2 Nos.), 4 24.02 benches (10 Nos.), litter bins (45Nos)
Total INR.250.59 Lakhs
Note: Various designs / Types of sanitary complex (S1) and Deep Earth Bins has been enclosed in Annexure – A (Common for all locations)
Department of Tourism, GoTN 8
Infrastructure development Investment Program for Tourism, Tamil Nadu (IDIPT TN) ( Project – 2) IEE-Thanjavur
1.4 Operation & Maintenance Cost 1. Operation and maintenance of each component for Thanjavur corporation including cost of all labour and materials etc. per annum is given below :
Sl. No. Description Amount (Rs. in lakhs)
1 Sanitary complexes 5.78
2 Gravity entailed deep earth bins for garbage collection 25.00
3 Retro reflective road signage Details. 2.50
4 Street furniture such as Bus Shelters, benches and litter bins 2.80
Total 36.08
1.5 Purpose of the IEE 1. This Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) assesses a subproject under Project 2 for the state of Tamil Nadu, ‘Construction of sanitary complexes for the floating population, placement of gravity entailed deep earth bins for garbage collection (2.5 cubic meters), Placement of tourism friendly uniform signages for convenience of the tourists and Placement of street furniture such as litter bins, informative boards, bus shelters and benches for the comfortable travelling of the tourists in Thanjavur District. The IEE was based on a careful review of subproject site plans, detailed design and reports defined management plans; field visits, and secondary data to characterize the environment and identify potential impacts; and consultations/discussions with stake holders.
2. An environmental management plan (EMP) outlining the specific environmental measures to be adhered to during implementation of the subproject has been prepared. These EMPs will be appended to the respective contract documents to enable integration of environmental provisions in the contract. The IEE goes further and provides sample contract clauses (Appendix 1) to be added to contract documents. Subproject will provide needed environmental and tourist infrastructure to improve the environmental management and quality of the sites towards preserving their ecological and cultural integrity. The subproject will conform to all Government regulations, policies, and standards, as well as Asian Development Bank’s Safeguard Policy Statement (2009).
Department of Tourism, GoTN 9
Infrastructure development Investment Program for Tourism, Tamil Nadu (IDIPT TN) ( Project – 2) IEE-Thanjavur
3. In accordance with ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (2009), the project belongs to Category “B” as no significant impacts are anticipated.
1.6 Environmental Regulatory Compliance 1. The realm of environmental regulations and mandatory requirements for the proposed subproject is shown in Table 1.The EIA Notification (2006) by the Government of India Ministry of Environment and Forests (MOEF) specifies the mandatory environmental clearance requirements. Accordingly, all projects and activities are broadly categorized in to two categories1 Category A and Category B, based on the spatial extent of potential impacts and potential impacts on human health and natural and man made resources. Various policy guidelines, acts and regulations pertaining to sustenance of environment those applicable to various developmental projects have been presented
in the following section.
Table 1: Applicability of Acts and Rules
Sl. No Acts / Rules Year Compliance Criteria
Environmental (Protection) This act is applicable all environmental Notifications, 1 1986 Act rules and schedules are issued under this act. As per the Notification, Projects categorized as A & B need prior Environmental clearance from the Environment Impact Central and State Expert Appraisal Committee 2 2006 Assessment Notification respectively. But, this Sub-project does not come under the purview of the above categories hence this Notification is not applicable. This Act will be applicable in case when the proposed project road will pass through the Forest Areas which requires the diversion of forest land to 1927 3 Forest Conservation Act the non forestry purposes. 1980 This is not applicable as there is no forest land involved for the project development. Permission and clearance for cutting and
Department of Tourism, GoTN 10
Infrastructure development Investment Program for Tourism, Tamil Nadu (IDIPT TN) ( Project – 2) IEE-Thanjavur
Sl. No Acts / Rules Year Compliance Criteria
transportation of trees from forest surrounding boundary will be required from Divisional Forest Officers, which is not applicable for this sub project. This act will be applicable in case the project road traverses through wildlife protected areas for which permission will be sought from National Board for 4 Wild Life (Protection) Act 1972 wildlife. This is not applicable as there is no wildlife protected area is involved for the project development. • Buildings shall be permitted only on the landward side of the existing road, or on the landward side of existing authorized structures; • Buildings permitted on the landward side of the existing and proposed roads or existing authorized Coastal Regulation Zone 1991 structures shall be subject to the existing local town 5 Notification 2011 and country planning regulations including the
‘existing’ norms of Floor Space Index or Floor Area Ratio, Provided that no permission for construction of buildings shall be given on landward side of any new roads which are constructed on the seaward side of an existing road The Sub projects require consent to establish from the State Pollution Control Board if it involves discharge waste water from labour camps which is applicable during construction phase of the project. Water (Prevention and 6 1974 But, it is being ensured that no discharges will be Control of Pollution) Act there to any inland water bodies or sea/ocean, hence this Act will not be applicable. Moreover, the excreta from the toilets will be collected in septic tanks/soak pits ensuring no discharges to water bodies.
Department of Tourism, GoTN 11
Infrastructure development Investment Program for Tourism, Tamil Nadu (IDIPT TN) ( Project – 2) IEE-Thanjavur
Sl. No Acts / Rules Year Compliance Criteria
The project requires consent to establish from the State Pollution Control Board if it involves operation Air (Prevention and Control of Hot Mix Plants and Diesel Generator Sets. This act 7 1981 of Pollution) Act will be applicable to the project during construction phase of projects as use of DG sets is being envisaged. The project requires consent to establish from the State Pollution Control Board if the noise level from Noise Pollution Regulation the construction machinery and the vehicles are 8 1990 and Control Act above the standards. This act will apply to the project especially during the construction phase if such machineries will be used which is unlikely. This act will be applicable in case land is being acquired for this project. 1894 This act will not be applicable as no land 9 Land Acquisition Act 1989 acquisition is required for the project development. The project site is being belongs to Corporation. This act is applicable in case of any chance finds during construction phase of the project which may be remains/ monuments which are deemed to be protected by ASI or the State Directorate of Ancient Monuments and Archaeology. 10 Archaeological Sites and 1958 This act will not be applicable as no archeological Remains Act sites are affected because of the project development. However, provision has been made so that chance found ancient properties in the proposed site are protected.
11 The Hazardous Wastes 1989 These rules will be applicable if contractors during
Department of Tourism, GoTN 12
Infrastructure development Investment Program for Tourism, Tamil Nadu (IDIPT TN) ( Project – 2) IEE-Thanjavur
Sl. No Acts / Rules Year Compliance Criteria
(Management, Handling 2003 construction phase will store and handle hazardous &Tran boundary movement) 2008 material such HSD and paints etc. But, the EMP Rules, spells that all such materials will be procured from licensed depots and consumed immediately so storage is ruled out. This Act specifies regulations regarding the use of explosives and precautionary measures while blasting 1884 12 The Explosives Act (& Rules) and quarrying. Provisions of these rules are not 1983 applicable to this project as materials will be procured from 3 rd party licensed holders.
Further, for sand, soil and stone quarrying, prior permission is to be obtained from the state authorities for the purpose. However, considering the project profile, it is preferred to procure materials from the licensed third party owners. However, considering the kind and quantum of activities, it is envisaged that no borrow areas and quarry sites will be established as a part of activity / sub project. Raw materials will be procured from licensed quarry owners. Similarly, no crusher sites will be opened by the contractor. Also, No borrow area shall be made available by the Employer for this work. The arrangement for the source of supply of the material for the civil works shall be the sole responsibility of the Contractor. But, the contractor might be using DG sets for which the permission will be required under Air act 1981. No fuel storage takes place in this project and for construction purposes, the fuel shall be procured from the existing petrol bunks For labour accommodation, no labour camp will be established and for accommodation of labours nearby construction sites, rented houses will be engaged by the contractor.
2. All projects or activities included as Category A in the Schedule, including expansion and modernization of existing projects or activities and change in product mix, will require prior environmental clearance from the Central Government in the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MOEF) on the recommendations of an Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) to be constituted by the Central Government for the
Department of Tourism, GoTN 13
Infrastructure development Investment Program for Tourism, Tamil Nadu (IDIPT TN) ( Project – 2) IEE-Thanjavur
purposes of this Notification. 3. All projects or activities included as Category B in the Schedule, including expansion and modernization of existing projects or activities as specified in sub paragraph (ii) of paragraph 2, or change in product mix as specified in sub paragraph (iii) of paragraph 2, but excluding those which fulfil the General Conditions (GC) stipulated in the Schedule, will require prior environmental clearance from the State/Union territory Environment Impact Assessment Authority (SEIAA). The SEIAA will base its decision on the recommendations of a State or Union territory level Expert Appraisal Committee (SEAC) as to be constituted for in this Notification. In addition, GC of the Notification specifies that any project or activity specified in Category B will be treated as Category A, if located in whole or in part within 10 km from the boundary of (i) protected Areas notified under the Wild Life Protection) Act, 1972, (ii) critically polluted areas as notified by the Central Pollution Control Board from time to time, (iii) notified eco sensitive areas, and (iv) inter State boundaries and international boundaries.
4. Level of environmental assessment required for each category of Project, as per ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (2009) is as follows: • Category A. Subproject components with potential for significant adverse environmental impacts. An environmental impact assessment (EIA) is required to address significant impacts; • Category B. Subproject components judged to have some adverse environmental impacts, but of lesser degree and/or significance than those for Category A projects. An initial environmental examination (IEE) is required to determine whether significant environmental impacts warranting an EIA are likely. If an EIA is not needed, the IEE is regarded as the final environmental assessment report. • Category C. Sub components unlikely to have adverse environmental impacts. No EIA or IEE is required, although environmental implications are still reviewed. 5. The above table indicates that the proposed subproject will comply with necessary government regulations and ADB's Safeguard Policy Statement (2009). ADB's Safeguard Policy Statement (2009) stipulates addressing environmental concerns, if any, of a proposed activity in the initial stages of project preparation. For this, the
Department of Tourism, GoTN 14
Infrastructure development Investment Program for Tourism, Tamil Nadu (IDIPT TN) ( Project – 2) IEE-Thanjavur
ADB guidelines categorize the proposed components into categories (A, B or C) to determine the level of environmental assessment required to address the potential impacts. The subproject has been categorized as B. 6. Accordingly this IEE is prepared to address the potential impacts, in line with the recommended IEE content and structure for Category B projects. The IEE was based mainly on secondary sources of information and field reconnaissance surveys and stakeholder consultations. Stakeholder consultation was an integral part of the IEE. An EMP outlining the specific environmental measures to be adhered to during implementation of the subproject has been prepared.
1.7 Report Structure
This IEE contains eight sections: (i) Introduction; (ii) Description o f Project Components; (iii) Description of the Existing Environment; (iv) Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures; (v) Environmental Management Plan; (vi) Public Consultation and Information Disclosure; (vi) Findings and Recommendations; and (vii) Conclusions.
Department of Tourism, GoTN 15
Infrastructure development Investment Program for Tourism, Tamil Nadu (IDIPT TN) ( Project – 2) IEE-Thanjavur
2.0 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT COMPONENTS
2.1 Description & Need of the project. The existing Infrastructure of the town is inadequate to cater to the needs of the Tourist as well as the resident population. It is therefore necessary to improve the basic amenities to the public. The identified key interventions and improvements have a direct bearing on the tourist wellbeing. The core tourist areas of the Town need to be provided with improved infrastructure facilities that would in addition to providing a facelift for the town would bring in a paradigm shift in the approach to provision of Basic infrastructure facilities. Therefore modern and state of the art facilities are to be provided, which can be replicated in other parts of the town, and can trigger better management of assets. Each tourist location has a unique architectural context.
2.2 Proposed Facilities The existing Infrastructure under the proposed project – 2 is inadequate to cater the needs of the tourist as well as the resident population. It becomes imperative to improve the basic amenities to the public. Some of the key interventions and improvements that have a direct bearing on the tourist wellbeing are discussed below.
1. Improved Sanitary Facilities: Sanitation facilities form a key element of tourist convenience at any destination. The present facilities for public toilets/sanitary complexes are limited and do not address the needs of the large floating population of pilgrims / tourists. This has led to unhygienic conditions during the festival seasons with people resorting to open defecation. Overall, sanitary toilet complexes help in ensuring social dignity and privacy, and maintaining the health status of the Urban Local Body (ULB). The key considerations for toilets / sanitary complexes are that they should be aesthetically appealing for use for all age group without difficulty easy approach and maintenance eco friendly, hygienic and cost effective.
2. Improvements to solid waste collection system: In line with the objective of ‘Cleaner and Greener Tourism’ in Tamil Nadu, it is proposed to provide the appropriate garbage bins to reduce the littering of garbage on streets as the garbage collection in few places of Tamilnadu State is through open garbage bins.
Department of Tourism, GoTN 16
Infrastructure development Investment Program for Tourism, Tamil Nadu (IDIPT TN) ( Project – 2) IEE-Thanjavur
This exposure system leads to bad odour, over flow, spilling, and attack by rodents, dogs and cats, besides a site of nuisance and major distraction to tourists. The key considerations for unique design for bins (say Deep Earth Bins and Litter Bins) are that they are eco friendly, having sufficiently large capacities to prevent spillage, provide easy and efficient transfer of garbage to trucks, stray dogs & bird proof, aesthetically appealing and provides an odour free environment.
3. Provision of signages and good road furniture on important roads connecting the transport centers like bus stand and railway stations to the core tourist areas is a vital infrastructural need in a tourist town. The signages act as guide to the visiting tourists. Clarity and aesthetic appeal of such signages makes a destination user friendly and popular. The route signages guide visitors to go in their intended tourist circuits, and to navigate to their destinations without any interruption. The basic considerations are to provide uniform retro reflective road signages with proper visibility, earmarking the street names including way dividing signs, centers/ mandatory/warning signs, land mark signs and tourist information signs. as per Indian Road Congress (IRC) / National Building Code (NBC) norms.
4. Improved Street Furniture: Street furniture is a collective term for objects and pieces of equipment (Bus Shelters, Benches, and Litter Bins etc) installed on streets and roads for various purposes. The existing Street furniture is inadequate to cater the requirements of road users and other public. It is required to install high quality street furniture on the identified road networks to improve the service levels to the tourists / & to achieve Cleaner and Greener Tourism in Tamil Nadu.
2.3 Components of the Subproject The following infrastructure services have been identified in Thanjavur District with respective to improved basic urban infrastructure and services at tourist destinations and attractions as follows: • Provision of sanitary complexes for the floating population • Provision of gravity entailed deep earth bins for garbage collection (2.5 cu.m) • Provision of tourism friendly uniform signages for convenience of the tourists • Provision of street furniture such as litter bins, informative boards, bus shelters and benches for the comfortable travelling of the tourists
Department of Tourism, GoTN 17
Infrastructure development Investment Program for Tourism, Tamil Nadu (IDIPT TN) ( Project – 2) IEE-Thanjavur
2.4 Sanitary Complex Except in the case of sanitary complexes, all other components of the project are along the Road and do not require any additional land. The roads where the components are proposed belong to the Thanjavur District. In the case of sanitary complexes, the following sites have been identified in the table below: Table 2- Sanitary Complex Location Details
Sl. No. Location Survey Number
1 New bus stand 1 Thiruvaiyaru bus stand 2 991 (Old Thanjavur bus stand) 3 Rajappa park 28
4 Sivagangai park 2983/1
The above sites are under the full ownership of the Thanjavur District and are free of all encumbrances. Necessary approval from the Corporation council shall be taken before implementing the projects. (Various Designs / Types of Sanitary Complex (S1, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7 & S8) and Deep Earth Bins has been enclosed in Annexure – A (Common for all locations)
2.5 Deployment Schedule A total of 18 months construction period is being considered. (Refer Appendix – 3. However, detailed implementation Schedule depending on contractor’s work programme considering pilgrimages, climate, tourist’s seasonal timings and other critical factors would be provided on finalization of the contract)
Department of Tourism, GoTN 18
Infrastructure development Investment Program for Tourism, Tamil Nadu (IDIPT TN) ( Project – 2) IEE-Thanjavur
3.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE EXISTING ENVIRONMENT
3.1 Environmental profile – Thanjavur town, Tamil Nadu
3.1.1 Physical characteristics Introduction: Thanjavur is one among the 32 districts in Tamil Nadu and 12th largest town in Tamil Nadu. Based on the two tourism circuits, it falls under East Coast circuit .Thanjavur is formerly called Tanjore. Due to its substantial paddy production it is also known as rice bowl of the state. The primary activity of the district is tourism and agriculture. Where 58% of land is fit for agriculture, because of its agricultural produce, it is Figure No:2 . District Map known as the granary of south India. The district is bounded by the green paddy fields, coconut trees and vegetation all around. Thanjavur city is one the fastest growing center within the district. It is upgraded as special grade corporation in 1987 with an extent of 36.31 Sq. km. The district population is 2, 22,619 as per 2011 census. The town is being governed by Corporation council headed by chairman and 51 council representatives for 51 wards. It consists of the town Thanjavur is an important center of south Indian art and architecture which are under world heritage sites UNESCO. It is also well known for its unique painting region.
Apart from the internationally renowned Brahadeeswarar Temple (which has been declared as a World Heritage Monument and is managed by the Archaeological Society of India, there are more than 80 temples in Thanjavur. • Konnaneswarar temple • Vijayaramar temple • Navaneetha Krishnan temple • Kalingaya Vengatesa Perumal temple • Vashiteswara temple • Iruthayeswara temple
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Infrastructure development Investment Program for Tourism, Tamil Nadu (IDIPT TN) ( Project – 2) IEE-Thanjavur
• Meenashi Sundareswarar temple • Prasa Venkatesaswamy temple Climate. The period from November to February in Thanjavur is pleasant, with a climate full of warm days and cool nights. Summer onset is from March, with the mercury reaching its peak by the end of May and June. The average temperatures range from 27 °C in January to 36 °C in May and June. Summer rains are sparse and the first monsoon, the South West monsoon sets in June and continues till September. North East monsoon sets in October and continues till January. The rainfall during South West monsoon period is much lower than that of North East monsoon. North East monsoon is beneficial to the district at large because of the heavy rainfall and the Western Ghats feeding the river Cauvery. The average rainfall is 1,200 mm, most of which is contributed by the North East monsoon
3.1.2 Hydrogeology. • Major water bearing formations Recent alluvium, Cuddalore sandstone and weathered and fractured gneissic rocks . • Pre monsoon depth to water level (May 2006) 1.55 – 18.32 mbgl • Post monsoon depth to water level (Jan 2007) 0.22 19.20 mbgl • Long term water level trend in 10 years (1998 2007) (m/yr) Annual rise: Min 0.0027 Max 0. 3276 Annual fall: Min 0. 0097 Max 0. 7347
Ecological Resources • Details of reserve forests and reserve land in Thanjavur District as on 31.3.2000. The reserve forest area, reserve forest lands and un reserved lands in Thanjavur District are furnished below: (i) Reserved forest areas 3718.13 ha (ii) Reserved forest lands 71.60 ha (iii) Un reserved lands 42.50 ha Total 3832.23ha • The forest division consists of mainly canal bank plantations of teak, and sissoo in addition to the natural forest of dry evergreen forest and mangrove forest over small area in Pattukottai Taluk of Thanjavur District. • The type and area under forest from 1.4.90 to 31.3.2000
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Infrastructure development Investment Program for Tourism, Tamil Nadu (IDIPT TN) ( Project – 2) IEE-Thanjavur
1. Teak & Sissoo 8995 ha 2. Fuelwood 240 ha 3. Softwood 518 ha • HILL There is no hill or hillock existing in the district of Thanjavur
3.1.3 Soils The Thanjavur district is occupied by different geological formations. The different types of soils are derived from the formations are; • Quaternary: Sand, silt and clay super imposed sand, natural levee complexes • Pliocene: Clays heavily weathered super imposed old drainage morphology • Miocene: Sands, clay bound, clays gravels • Cretaceous: Reddish and yellowish calcareous sand stones, clays and lime stones.
Water Supply / Resources At present, the water supply demand has been addressed by supply from bore wells. For the proposed sanitary complex, the water requirement will be met from borewells or from corporation piped supply
Sanitation and Sewage Disposal At the existing sanitary complex’s, Septic tank has been provided and the same has been periodically cleaned for sludge removal without overflow by the corporation using vehicles. The same measure would be suggested in future.
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Infrastructure development Investment Program for Tourism, Tamil Nadu (IDIPT TN) ( Project – 2) IEE-Thanjavur
3.1.4 Socio-Economic Profile
Population The population of the town as per 2011 census is 2, 22,619. This town is being governed by corporation council headed by chairman and 51 council representatives for 51 wards.
Table 3 - Decadal population
Sl.No. Year Past Population Growth Percentage Rate per Decade
1. 1971 1,40,547
2. 1981 1,84,015 30.9%
3. 1991 2,02,013 9.78%
4. 2001 2,15,725 6.78%
5. 2011 2,22,619 3.19%
Table 3 - Tourist population
Details Total S. No Year Domestic Foreign Population 1 2009 2002225 81435 2083660 2 2010 4915587 93591 5009178 3 2011 5546336 166009 5714356 4 2012 7716258 176235 1654917
1) Agriculture. The predominant crops being grown extensively in the district are rice, sugarcane, cotton, groundnut, gingelly, Pulses, Millets & other cereals 2) Industries. • The major occupation of the inhabitants of the city is tourism and service oriented industry, while the traditional occupation is agriculture. • Thanjavur is known as the "Rice bowl of Tamil Nadu". Paddy is the major crop and the other crops grown are black gram, banana, coconut, gingelly, ragi, red gram, green gram, sugarcane and maize. The total percentage of land fit for cultivation is 58%.
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Infrastructure development Investment Program for Tourism, Tamil Nadu (IDIPT TN) ( Project – 2) IEE-Thanjavur
There are three seasons for agriculture in Thanjavur – Kuruvai (June to September), Samba (August to January) and Thaladi (September, October to February, March). The total rice production has been maintained at 10.615 L.M.T and 7.077 L.M.T. • The city acts as a focal point for food grains transported from the adjoining areas of the Cauvery delta. Organic farming is gradually being known to the farmers of Thanjavur. To maximise agricultural produce organic farming is being implemented. Though agriculture is the main economic activity, only 7% of the population is involved in it. There is a lot of agricultural related trading that forms the key economic activity in the city.
• Thanjavur is an important centre of silk weaving in Tamil Nadu. There were 200 silk weaving units in the city in 1991 with around 80,000 people working in them. The sarees produced in the villages surrounding Thanjavur are sold in Thanjavur and neighbouring towns. Increasing production costs and competition from large scale producers have reduced the number of people involved in the production. The city produces bell metal craft like Thanjavur metal plates, bronze images bowls, napkins and powder boxes made of copper and bronze. The city is a major manufacturer of pith works consisting of models of Hindu idols, mosques, garlands and other bird figurines. • Manufacture of musical instruments violin, mrithamgam, thavil and kanjira are another economic activity in the city.
3) Infrastructure. • Road: The city is well connected by a road network with the urban centres of the state. • Rail: The city is well connected by a rail network and the city is a major junction on railway Chennai Thanjavur line. • Air: The nearest airport is Tiruchirappalli International Airport located at a distance of 56 KM.The nearest seaport in Nagapattinam which is 84 kilometres east of Thanjavur. 4) Languages. In addition to the Tamil language, English Language also spoken by the People. Due to its proximity to the neighbouring states and it being a popular tourist spot, English, Kannada and Malayalam are also spoken and understood to an
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Infrastructure development Investment Program for Tourism, Tamil Nadu (IDIPT TN) ( Project – 2) IEE-Thanjavur
extent. 3.1.5 Colleges and Institutions. • One medical college is being run, Thanjavur Medical College with hospital. Thanjavur has a total of four Universities, namely the Tamil University, SASTRA University, PRIST University and Periyar Maniammai University. The Tamil University is a state run institute, started during 1981 and obtained its statutory recognition from the University Grants Commission in 1983. It is the only one of its kind for the Tamil language doing higher research in Tamilology and advanced study in various allied branches like linguistics, translation, lexicography, music, drama and manuscriptlogy.
• Thanjavur has a total of 15 Arts, Science & Management Colleges and nine engineering colleges. The Thanjavur Medical College was established in 1961 and is one of the oldest medical colleges in Tamil Nadu. The Paddy Processing Research Centre (PPRC), which later became the Indian Institute of Crop Processing Technology (IICPT) in 2008, is a hub for food processing research. The Saraswathi Mahal Library which dates back to the end of the 16th century and the Central Library, managed by the district administration are the two most prominent libraries in the city. • There are 20 registered schools in Thanjavur, catering to the primary, secondary and higher secondary educational needs of the city. The Blake Higher Secondary School at Thanjavur was established by Rev. C F Schwartz during 1784. Originally established as a college, it was the first school in South India which taught english to the local populace. St. Antony's Higher Secondary School, established in 1885 by the Diocese of Thanjavur, is one of the oldest schools in Thanjavur district. Christian Missionaries played a prominent role in promoting English education in Thanjavur. Kalyanasundaram higher secondary school, established in 1891, is one of the oldest schools in the city. The other oldest girls schools are Sacred Heart Higher Secondary Girls School and St. Joseph Higher Secondary School
3.1.6 Trade and Culture. Thanjavur is a temple town in the vicinity of large scale agricultural activity, which supports trading and commercial activities. Being located in the Cauvery delta region, agriculture is a key economic activity in the region, though only around 7% of the
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Infrastructure development Investment Program for Tourism, Tamil Nadu (IDIPT TN) ( Project – 2) IEE-Thanjavur
workforce in the town is directly employed in the primary sector.
3.1.7 Tourism. Thanjavur is one of the most visited tourist destination in the country. It is well known for Brihadeeswarar Temple which is also called as Peruvudaiyar Kovil an UNESCO World Heritage Site. The town is also famous for its unique painting, Carnatic music and handicrafts. The Important tourist destinations of Thanjavur are discussed below. • Brihadeshwar temple was built in the early 11th century by RajarajaChola I. The temple is built in dravidian style of architecture in granite. Brihadeshwar temple, known also as Rajarajesvaram, is one of the well preserved Heritage Sites in Tamil Nadu.
• Airavateswara temple is one of the Figure No:3 .Brihadeshwar pilgrimage attractions offered by the temple town of Thanjavur. Airavateswara temple, situated nearby Kumbakonam at Darasuram, is dedicated to Lord Airavateshwara or Lord Shiva.
• Thanjavur Royal Palace is one of the most popular attractions of Thanjavur. Thanjavur Royal Palace, situated within the Vijaynagara Fort complex, was the Figure No:4 . Airavateswara residence of the Nayak Kings of Thanjavur. The royal palace, built in 16th century, later became the seat of the Maratha rulers of Thanjavur in the 17th century
• Thanjavur Art Gallery is situated within the Thanjavur Royal Palace, is one of the main attractions of Thanjavur town. Thanjavur Art Gallery, which is housed in the Nayak Hall of the place, has an extensive collection of stone and bronze statues and idols belonging to the Chola period (8th – 9th centuries). Bronze statues belonging to the Pallava period are also displayed here.
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Infrastructure development Investment Program for Tourism, Tamil Nadu (IDIPT TN) ( Project – 2) IEE-Thanjavur
• The Nandi Bull has always had an important place in Hindu mythology. Here, one can see a massive idol of this divine bull. The Nandi (the divine vehicle of Lord Shiva) is a monolith measuring 12 feet in height, 19.5 feet in length and 18.25 feet in width, and weighing about 25 tons. • Siva Ganga Garden is one of the main attractions of Thanjavur. Siva Ganga garden is located within the Vijaynagara fort nearby the Thanjavur Palace, towards the North East of Brihadeshwar temple. • Grand Anicut is one of the prime destinations of the tourists visiting Thanjavur. Situated in between Trichy and Thanjavur boundary, the Grand Anicut or the Kallanai is one of the heritage sites of Tamil Nadu which still regulates the water management. Grand Anicut was built by the Chola King Karikalan around 1st Century AD on the Cauvery River at the beginning of Cauvery delta. The 329m long and 20 m wide Grand Anicut is considered the oldest dam in the world.
3.1.8 Ground Water Quality • Water supply is provided by the Thanjavur corporation from the Vadavar Canal, supplied through overhead tanks located in various parts of the city • Ground water quality of phreatic aquifers in Thanjavur district is, in general, colorless, odorless, and slightly alkaline nature. The electrical conductivity of ground water in phreatic zone during May 2006 was in the range of 279 to 12250 S/cm and major parts are having the electrical conductivity below 1500 S/cm at 25° C. • It is observed that the ground water is suitable for drinking and domestic uses in respect of all constituents except total hardness, sulphate and nitrate. Around 50 percent samples are having higher concentration of NO3 than the BIS permissible limit. The incidence of high total hardness of attributed to the composition of litho units constituting the aquifer in the district, whereas the nitrate pollution is more likely due to the use of fertilizers for agriculture. • With regards to irrigation suitability based on specific electrical conductance and Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR), it is observed that ground water in the phreatic zone, may cause medium to high salinity and alkali hazard. Proper soil management strategies are to be adopted while using ground water for irrigation.
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Infrastructure development Investment Program for Tourism, Tamil Nadu (IDIPT TN) ( Project – 2) IEE-Thanjavur
3.1.9 Drainage The district is a part of delta formed by Cauvery River. It has gentle slope towards east and southeast. The Kollidam River forms the northern boundary and flow from west to east. The Grand Anaicut is located at the Northwestern boundary, at this point Cauvery splits into Cauvery and Vennar. A regulator at Tirukkatupalli splits Cauvery into Cauvery and Kodamurti rivers. At Thenperumbur anaicut Vennar splits into Vennar and Vettar. In addition to these, the rivers split into many streams before reaching the sea.
Air Quality Monitoring – Table 4
Presented below are the Environmental quality parameters conducted as part of the EIA exercise carried out during 2007 for the 4 laning of Nagapattinam – Thanjavur – Trichy stretch NH 67, 2007
SPM RSPM Nox SO2 Lead CO Sl.No Location mg/m3 mg/m3 mg/m3 mg/m3 mg/m3 mg/m3 Saliyamangalam (16.4 1. 130 56 23.5 13.4 <0.1 1657 Km from Thanjayur) Needamangalam(New 2. alignment) (32.9 Km 96 42 16.2 8.2 <0.1 764 from Thanjayur) Tiruvarur(12.8 Km from 3. 142 63 31.7 22.1 <0.1 2259 Thanjayur)
Noise Level Monitoring – Table 5
Date of Average Noise Level in dB Sl.No Location Sampling Day Time Night Time Saliyamangalam (16.4 1. 22.02.06 54.0 46.0 Km from Thanjayur) Needamangalam(New 2. alignment) (32.9 Km 17.02.06 41.0 39.0 from Thanjayur) Tiruvarur(12.8 Km from 3. 03.02.06 59.0 48.0 Thanjayur)
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Infrastructure development Investment Program for Tourism, Tamil Nadu (IDIPT TN) ( Project – 2) IEE-Thanjavur
Water Quality – Table 6
Vettaru Tiruvarur Samudram Saliyamangalam River(14. Bore Odambokkiyar Vennar River Lake (5.2 Km Lake(17.5 Km 0 Km well(48.3 River(60Km Needamangalam Limits as per Sl.No. PARAMETERS (25.0 Km from from from from Km from from Bypass 10500 & IS : 2296 Thanjayur) Thanjayur) Thanjavur) Thanjav Thanjavu Thanjavur) ur) r) 1. pH 6.7 7.4 6.8 7.2 7 7.2 7.2 6.5 8.5 Dissolved Oxygen, 2. 6 7.5 6 4.3 6.8 6.5 7.0 6 min mg / l 3. Turbidity, NTU 18 < 5 < 5 < 5 < 5 7 < 5 5 max 4. Colour, Hazen units < 5 < 5 < 5 < 5 < 5 < 5 < 5 5 max Unobjectionabl Unobjectionabl Unobjec Unobjecti Unobjectionabl 5. Odour Unobjectionable Unobjectionable Unobjectionable e e tionable onable e Agreeabl 6. Taste * * * * * * Agreeable e Fluoride ( as F ), mg 7. < 0.1 0.2 0.3 < 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.4 1.0 max / l Cadmium ( as cd ), 8. < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.01 max mg / l Chlorides ( as Cl ), 9. 104 122 112 128 733 122 290 250 max mg / l 10. Hexavalent < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 0.05 max
Infrastructure development Investment Program for Tourism, Tamil Nadu (IDIPT TN) ( Project – 2) IEE-Thanjavur
Vettaru Tiruvarur Samudram Saliyamangalam River(14. Bore Odambokkiyar Vennar River Lake (5.2 Km Lake(17.5 Km 0 Km well(48.3 River(60Km Needamangalam Limits as per Sl.No. PARAMETERS (25.0 Km from from from from Km from from Bypass 10500 & IS : 2296 Thanjayur) Thanjayur) Thanjavur) Thanjav Thanjavu Thanjavur) ur) r) Chromium ( as Cr+6 ), mg / l Cyanide ( as CN ), 11. < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.05 max mg / l Total Dissolved 12. Solids, 248 396 270 412 1278 392 740 500 max mg / l Total Hardness 13. 96 192 124 184 220 188 180 300 max ( as CaCO3 ), mg / l Calcium Hardness 14. 25 38.6 30.8 43.7 59.5 43 44.11 75 max ( as ca ), mg / l Magnesium 15. Hardness 9.9 14.8 14.8 25.6 25.5 25.2 20.7 30 max ( as Mg ), mg / l Selenium ( as Se ), 16. < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.01 max mg / l
17. Sulphates ( as SO4 ), 15.3 28.6 8.2 29.4 60.6 33.4 55.7 200 max
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Infrastructure development Investment Program for Tourism, Tamil Nadu (IDIPT TN) ( Project – 2) IEE-Thanjavur
Vettaru Tiruvarur Samudram Saliyamangalam River(14. Bore Odambokkiyar Vennar River Lake (5.2 Km Lake(17.5 Km 0 Km well(48.3 River(60Km Needamangalam Limits as per Sl.No. PARAMETERS (25.0 Km from from from from Km from from Bypass 10500 & IS : 2296 Thanjayur) Thanjayur) Thanjavur) Thanjav Thanjavu Thanjavur) ur) r) mg / l 18. Lead ( as Pb ), mg / l < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 0.05 max Copper ( as Cu ), mg 19. < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 0.05 max / l Arsenic ( as As ), 20. < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 0.05 max mg / l 21. Iron ( as Fe ), mg / l 0.5 < 0.05 0.2 0.18 0.2 0.11 < 0.05 0.3 max Phenolic Compounds 22. < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 0.001 max ( as C6H5OH ), mg / l 23. Zinc ( as Zn ), mg / l < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 5 max Anionic Detergents 24. < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.2 max ( as MBAS ), mg / l Nitrates ( as NO ), 25. 3 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 1 45 max mg / l
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Infrastructure development Investment Program for Tourism, Tamil Nadu (IDIPT TN) ( Project – 2) IEE-Thanjavur
Vettaru Tiruvarur Samudram Saliyamangalam River(14. Bore Odambokkiyar Vennar River Lake (5.2 Km Lake(17.5 Km 0 Km well(48.3 River(60Km Needamangalam Limits as per Sl.No. PARAMETERS (25.0 Km from from from from Km from from Bypass 10500 & IS : 2296 Thanjayur) Thanjayur) Thanjavur) Thanjav Thanjavu Thanjavur) ur) r) Barium ( as Ba ), mg 26. < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 0.17 0.1 0.1 1 max / l Silver ( as Ag ), mg / 27. < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 0.05 max l Mercury ( as Hg ), 28. < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 0.001 max mg / l Manganese 29. < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 0.44 < 0.05 < 0.05 0.1 max ( as Mn ), mg / l Alkalinity 30. 88 201 141 204 310 81 405 200 max ( as CaCO3 ), mg / l Aluminium ( as Al ), 31. 0.5 < 0.03 < 0.03 < 0.03 < 0.03 < 0.03 < 0.03 0.03 max mg / l Boron ( as B ), mg / 32. < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 0.11 < 0.05 0.1 1 max l Biochemical Oxygen 33. Demand for 5 days < 2 4 < 2 6 < 2 < 2 < 2 2 max at 200C, mg / l
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Infrastructure development Investment Program for Tourism, Tamil Nadu (IDIPT TN) ( Project – 2) IEE-Thanjavur
Vettaru Tiruvarur Samudram Saliyamangalam River(14. Bore Odambokkiyar Vennar River Lake (5.2 Km Lake(17.5 Km 0 Km well(48.3 River(60Km Needamangalam Limits as per Sl.No. PARAMETERS (25.0 Km from from from from Km from from Bypass 10500 & IS : 2296 Thanjayur) Thanjayur) Thanjavur) Thanjav Thanjavu Thanjavur) ur) r) Microbiological 34. Parameters : a. E Coli / 100 ml Present Present Present Present Absent Present Present Absent Total Coliforms / b. 220 > 1600 > 1600 > 1600 Absent > 1600 > 1600 10 max 100 ml
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Infrastructure development Investment Program for Tourism, Tamil Nadu (IDIPT TN) ( Project – 2) IEE-Thanjavur
3.2 Environmental Profile – Site Specific
3.2.1 Description of Project:
Construction of sanitary complexes for the floating population, placement of gravity entailed deep earth bins for garbage collection (2.5 cubic meters), Placement of tourism friendly uniform signages for convenience of the tourists and Placement of street furniture such as litter bins, informative boards, bus shelters and benches for the comfortable travelling of the tourists in Thanjavur District, TamilNadu.
3.2.2 Site Details:
Sl.no Description Yes / No
1. Protected area No
2. Archaeological site No
3. Forest area No
4. CRZ area No
Notes: Protected Area includes wildlife sanctuary, bird sanctuary, or national park; CRZ = Coastal Regulation Zone
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Infrastructure development Investment Program for Tourism, Tamil Nadu (IDIPT TN) ( Project – 2) IEE-Thanjavur
4.0 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
The assessment for each of the subprojects has been carried out for potential impacts during the following stages of the project planning and implementation:
• Location impacts. Impacts associated with site selection, including impacts on environment and resettlement or livelihood related impacts on communities; • Design impacts. Impacts arising from project design, including the technology used, scale of operations, discharge standards, etc.; • Construction impacts. Impacts resulting from construction activities including site clearance, earthworks, civil works, etc.; and • O&M impacts. Impacts associated with the operation and maintenance of the infrastructure built in the project.
The ADB Rapid Environmental Assessment Checklist for Urban Development was used during preparation of this IEE to screen the subproject for environmental impacts and categorization of the project (Appendix 2).
4.1 Location Impacts 1) Land Acquisition and Resettlement. The proposed subproject locations are within the lands available with the government. There are no impacts envisaged on land acquisition or resettlement due to the proposed subproject components. 2) Site Selection. The locations considered for the subproject are within the areas designated for tourism support infrastructure development as part of developing Tamil Nadu’s conservation, heritage, natural and cultural attractions, and are outside areas demarcated for habitat protection and conservation. The proposed infrastructures will not impact any environmentally sensitive or protected areas rather it will enhance the tourism experience and livelihood of the local people in total. The public, Govt & local bodies are very much keen into taking up these proposed works. The entire town and adjoining areas are under corporation control who has proposed this project. This proposal suggests areas which are uncovered with the needed basic amenities. Further, there is no possibility of presence of non titled street vendors and no displacement or shifting of non titled street vendors would be required in these sites that have been identified for sub projects.
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3) Priority is to locate construction work camps, stockpile areas, storage areas, and disposal areas near the subproject sites. However, if it is deemed necessary to locate elsewhere, sites to be considered will not promote instability and result in destruction of property, vegetation, irrigation, and drinking water supply systems. Residential areas will not be considered to protect the human environment (i.e., to curb accident risks, health risks due to air and water pollution and dust, and noise, and to prevent social conflicts, shortages of amenities, and crime).
4.2 Design Impacts and Pre-Construction Impacts 1) Impacts arising from the inappropriate designs of proposed facilities would in general include the inadequate collection and conveyance system for solid waste, construction materials sourcing and construction techniques to be adopted, site selection, etc. The results of interventions are unobtrusive and will be integral part of the overall ambience so as to avoid impacts on the livelihood of the site.
A structural design has been worked out in such a manner that exposed steel and concrete structures are avoided. 2) All component designs has been worked out to minimize any impacts on the adjoining properties, and considering the need of the facilities for the floating population. Given that the there is a need for disposal of construction wastes, the contractors will be required to consult with the Project Implementation Unit (PIU), Panchayat offices, and Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board for safe disposal sites. 3) Telephone lines, electric poles and wires, water and drainage lines within the existing right of way (ROW) may be damaged. To mitigate the adverse impacts due to relocation of the utilities, the Design and Supervision Consultants (DSC) and PIU will: (i) Identify and include locations and operators of these utilities in the detailed design documents to prevent unnecessary disruption of services during construction phase; and
(ii) Require construction contractors to prepare a contingency plan to include actions to be done in case of unintentional interruption of services
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Infrastructure development Investment Program for Tourism, Tamil Nadu (IDIPT TN) ( Project – 2) IEE-Thanjavur
4.3 Construction Impacts
1) The impacts are generic to the construction activities in all subproject locations. All construction activities to be undertaken at the site will be approved by competent authority before start of any such activity in the vicinity of the site so that the history and sanctity as well as the usability of the site by the local people and projected number of tourists are not hampered. Hence, the EMP emphasizes on the construction impacts and necessary mitigation measures to be strictly followed by the contractor and supervised by the DSC. Key impacts during construction, are envisaged on the following aspects: (i) drainage, (ii) slope cutting and slope Stability (iii) water bodies and drainage courses (iv) dust generation, air and noise from construction activities, (v) handling of construction materials at site, (vi) adoption of safety measures during construction; and (vii) community health and safety.
4.4 Operation and Maintenance Impacts
1) The impacts pertaining to waste collection, cleaning of septic tanks and soakpits, maintaining hygienic conditions of the toilet facilities, will be addressed through an assessment of the Operation and Management of the proposed facilities in frequent intervals/regular inspection. Planning of the extent of facilities and infrastructure in line with the Maintenance plan as well as the involvement of the local communities in the management facilities created in the project will address the operation stage impacts.
2) The proposed facilities will greatly improve the environmental quality in and around the destinations, and also enhance the livelihood of the local population. While the enhanced tourist generation due to these improvements may not be significant, the facilities will enhance the site experience of the tourist/pilgrim. The project will facilitate environmental improvements through the provision of training to operators for all sanitation and solid waste facilities provided by the Project, in order to sustain any improvements made.
4.5 Cumulative Impact Assessment
1) The cumulative impact assessment (CIA) examined the interaction between the subproject’s residual effects (i.e., those effects that remain after mitigation measures
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Infrastructure development Investment Program for Tourism, Tamil Nadu (IDIPT TN) ( Project – 2) IEE-Thanjavur
have been applied) and those associated with other past, existing and reasonably foreseeable future projects or activities.
2) Two boundaries, spatial and temporal, were used. Spatial boundary refers to the area immediately surrounding the subproject location; while the temporal area considers the potential cumulative effects associated with subproject construction, and operation and maintenance, and those associated with other past, existing and reasonably foreseeable projects in the vicinity of the subproject. For the subproject, the spatial boundary is the area of the subprojects including existing ROWs. The temporal boundary can be considered as the districts where the subproject sites are located.
3) The subproject’s potential cumulative effects were considered with respect to valued components (VCs), identified in the IEE as air quality, noise, surface water quality, geophysical (hydrogeological), traffic management, social economic and socio community, and human health. The cumulative impacts were assessed in four areas:
• Of any potential residual project effects that may occur incrementally over time;
• Consideration of other known relevant projects or activities within the specified study area boundaries, even if not directly related to the subproject;
• Potential overlapping impacts that may occur due to other developments, even if not directly related to the proposed project; and
• Future developments that is reasonably foreseeable and sufficiently certain to proceed.
4) Air Quality: The air environment of the sub project areas is generally found to be good and is free from industries polluting the atmospheric environment. The ambient air quality in the sub project areas is generally found to be within acceptable standards. Impact on air quality (if any) during construction stage are due to operation of various construction equipments and transport vehicles. Consequently, although emissions of common air contaminants (CAC) and fugitive dust may be elevated in proximity to the active work sites, this impact will be of short term and localized to the immediate vicinity of the project site.
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Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions may increase as a result of project activities (i.e., vehicle and equipment operation, concrete production, disposal of excavated material, land filling of residual wastes). Given the subproject’s relatively minor contribution to CAC and GHG emissions during construction, the overall significance rating of both these potential residual effects is considered to be negligible during construction.
5) Noise Quality: Most part of the sub project area is in quite environment. Noise intensive industrial operations are not observed along the project influence area. Present ambient noise levels both at day and night times are observed to be well within permissible levels.
Noise levels in the immediate proximity of most work sites are expected to increase during construction. The duration of this exposure will be relatively brief. This exposure represents temporary, localized, adverse residual effect of low to moderate significance for affected receptors. While building damage due to ground vibrations is unlikely, there may annoyance to spatially located receptors during construction. Noise levels associated with the subproject operations will be largely imperceptible as civil works will be confined in relatively small sites within the district proper.
6) Since the subproject will be built in existing infrastructures, it will not conflict with existing or planned land use. However, traffic management concerns will occur spatially during construction. Site specific mitigation measures will be implemented during construction to address temporary disruptions to land use, limitations on access to roads, sidewalk closures, traffic delays and detours, parking modifications, and increased volumes of construction–related traffic. There should be improved traffic movement along the access routes once construction is completed. During operations of the improved infrastructures and services, added residential developments, commercial and business facilities and increased densities are expected to develop and enhance the subproject area. This can be considered a long term cumulative benefit of the subproject. (Refer Environmental Management plan for Sub project Specific impacts and their mitigation measures)
7) No adverse residual effects to human health will occur as a result of subproject construction or operation. While exposure to elevated noise levels and fugitive dust and CAC emissions will occur in proximity to subproject work sites during construction, due to their short term, localized nature, these effects are expected to be minor and
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insignificant with no measurable effects on human health. The subproject operations will benefit the general public by contributing to the long term improvement of tourism in Tamil Nadu and livelihood opportunities to the local people.
4.6 Environment Management Plan
i. The specific measures stated in the EMP will address all adverse environmental impacts due to the subproject. A detailed monitoring plan prepared as part of this IEE will ensure negative environmental impacts during implementation are mitigated. During the Construction stage, the IEE/EMP will be further updated and stand alone EMPs will be prepared. EMPs will be appended to the respective contract documents to enable integration of environmental provisions in the contract.
ii. The project sub components proposed has been classified as Category B, as it is likely to have minimal or no adverse environmental impacts and therefore does not require conducting EIA or IEE. However, an Environmental Management Plan for the interventions is prepared as described in Chapter 5.
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5.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 5.1 Institutional Arrangements
1. The Government of Tamil Nadu through Department of Tourism and Culture (DOT&C), is the Executing Agency (EA). The EA (i) assumes overall responsibility for the execution of the Project and reporting; (ii) engage adequate permanent or fixed term staff to implement the Project; (iii) setup a state level project management unit (PMU) and project implementation units (PIU); (iv) provide overall strategic guidance on technical supervision and project execution; and (v) ensure overall compliance with the loan covenants.
2. The implementing agency (IA) is the Tamil Nadu Department of Tourism (DoT). The IA’s responsibilities include (i) project planning and budgeting; (ii) day to day assistance, supervision and guidance for the project implementation units and their consultants; (iii) review subprojects for due diligence requirements and approve subproject proposals; (iv) bidding, evaluation and contract award; (v) managing and disbursing funds; (vi) review compliance with loan covenants, contract specifications, work plans and quality control; and (vii) consolidate and submit progress reports, finance and accounting / audit reports, and matters requiring higher level decision to state level empowered committee (SLEC) and ADB.
5.2 Program Management
1) State Level steering committee chaired by Minister of Tourism and Chief Secretary
2) State Level Empowered Committee. An SLEC has been established in Tamil Nadu, chaired by each state’s Chief Secretary, with Principal Secretary/Secretary of the Department of Tourism as member secretary and comprised of secretaries from relevant line departments.4 The SLEC have been empowered to take all decisions on behalf of the State and will (i) act as a policy making body, (ii) provide overall advice and guidance to the State’s executing agency and PMU, and (iii) accord all approvals under the Project. 3) Project Management unit. DoT has established a PMU, headed by a full time Program Director (PD), and consisting of personnel drawn from relevant line Departments and market. The PMU is the nodal agency for overall management of all program activities and will be responsible for: (i) project planning and budgeting;
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(ii) providing day to day assistance, supervision and guidance for the PIUs and their consultants; (iii) reviewing subprojects to satisfy ADB’s due diligence requirements and approving subproject proposals submitted by PIU and line departments; (iv) bidding, evaluation and contract award; (v) managing and disbursing funds; (vi) reviewing compliance with loan covenants, contract specifications, work plans and quality control; (vii) consolidating and submitting progress reports, finance and accounting/audit reports, and matters requiring higher level decision, to the SLEC and ADB. The PMU will be supported by a team of consultants.
4) State Level steering committee chaired by Minister of Tourism and Chief Secretary. The members of the Tamil Nadu SLEC will be: Chief Secretary, (chair); Principal Secretary/Secretary, Tourism and Culture; Secretary, Department of Finance; Secretary, Planning and Special Initiatives; Secretary, Public Works Department; Secretary, Highways and Minor Ports; Secretary Forests and Environment; Secretary, Housing and Urban Development; Secretary, Corporation Administration, Water and Sanitation; Secretary, Rural Development; Secretary Power; Secretary, Revenue Department; Secretary, Department of Health and family Welfare; Secretary, Agriculture; Secretary, Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments (HR&CE), Commissioner, Department of Archaeology; Secretary, Department of Transport; and Commissioner, Department of Tourism.
5) Project Implementation Unit. The IA will have PIUs for the implementation and monitoring of subprojects, comprising of personnel drawn from relevant line Departments and outside of Government (market) and each headed by a Project Manager. The PIUs will be responsible for: (i) prioritizing and preparing subproject proposals; (ii) providing day to day assistance, supervision and guidance to the design and supervision consultants; (iii) conducting detailed assessments and surveys including public consultation and input from stakeholders; (iv) preparing detailed designs, specifications, schedule of quantity, bidding documents, and related documentation; (v) implementing civil works and related activities; (vi) reporting to PMU; (vii) preparing regular progress reports for the SLEC, the executing agency and ADB through PMU; and (viii) supervising construction, conducting quality control, approving progress payments to contractors; and (ix) maintaining records and accounts on an up to date basis and making these available to ADB, its
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missions, or auditors for inspection.
6) Project Management Consultants. The Project Management Consultants (PMC) will be engaged to provide support to the PMU in overall planning, risk management, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of projects under the Investment Program. The PMC will also assist the PMU and PIUs in meeting the relevant requirements of ADB, Government of Tamil Nadu, and Government of India for project implementation. The PMC will report to and work under the overall guidance of the PMU. The scope of services of the PMCs will include but not necessarily be limited to: (i) planning, reporting, and communication; (ii) establishment of procedures and systems; (iii) review and preparation of plans, manuals and reports; (iv) overall Investment Program management, monitoring and implementation of PPMS; and (v) social, environmental, archaeological, occupational health and safety, community participation and gender action compliance monitoring.
7) Design and Supervision Consultants. The DSCs will be engaged to provide all necessary support to and coordination with the EA, IAs, PMU and any other consultants engaged by the authorities to achieve the desired outcomes of the Investment Program. The DSCs will report to and work under the overall guidance of the PIUs. The scope of services of the DSCs will include but not necessarily be limited to: (i) surveys, verification of feasibility studies and base maps; (ii) project planning and management support to the PIU; (iii) finalization of design criteria, preparation of manuals, guidelines and systems; (iv) preparation of detailed design and bid documents; (v) construction management and contract administration; (vi) environmental, social, archaeological, cultural heritage, community participation and gender action compliance monitoring; and (vii) capacity building of the service providers for operational sustainability.
The Implementation Strategy (refer Appendix 3) have been prepared with reference to available data and however it would be revised depending on the contractors work programme and also since the volume and nature of balance project work under Tranche 1 and the new projects to be identified under Tranche 2 is unknown and have not been finalized, the above mentioned schedule is tentative and shall be revised at the later stage based on the award of contract or commencement of work.
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5.2.1 Safeguards Management 1) An Environmental Staff is to be deputized to the PMU, and responsible for implementations of the environmental safeguard provisions.
2) Within the PMC team, a Safeguards Specialist provides overall direction for management of environmental and social issues, and provides technical support to the PMU including implementation of the environmental requirements, according to ADB requirements, and assists in monitoring impacts and mitigation measures associated with subprojects. The responsibilities of t he PMC Safeguards Specialist – Environment include but not limited to:
• Review the updated IEE prepared by the DSCs for Project 2 after the detailed designs, and guide the DSCs/PIUs to address observations from ADB on the IEEs/EMPs; • Ensure that the project design and specification adequately reflect the IEEs/EMP; • support PMU in ensuring conformance to the ADB Safeguards Policy Statement (SPS) 2009 on environmental safeguards and the provisions of the EARF; • Prepare IEEs and other safeguards reports for subsequent projects under the Investment Program; • Assist PMU in establishing grievance redress mechanism under the Investment Program; • Guide and monitor DSC safeguard specialists works on environmental safeguards; • Based on the project requirements, carry out site visits along with the PMU to address issues if any, with respect to EMP implementation; • Carry out capacity building of the PMU/PIU environmental safeguards personnel; • Assist PMU in review of the monthly monitoring reports from PIU of EMP Implementation, and in preparation and submission of semi annual monitoring Reports to ADB; • Coordinate in obtaining of requisite clearances, permits, and approvals for the project;
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• Monitor construction activities to ensure in compliance with the IEE/EMP and Advise DSCs/PIUs for compliance with statutory requirements; • Review and approve the Contractor’s Implementation Plan for the environmental measures as per IEE/EMP; • Establish dialogue with affected communities and ensure that the environmental concerns and suggestions are incorporated and implemented in the project; • Review environmental performance of the project through an assessment of the periodic environmental monitoring reports submitted by the DSC, and initiate necessary follow up actions; • Provide support and assistance to government agencies and ADB to supervise the implementation of the IEE/EMP during the construction as well as operation stage of the project; • Assist the PMU/PIUs in disclosure of the safeguards documents in accordance with the EARF requirements • Ensure IEEs/EMPs are reviewed and approved by ADB prior to contract award.
3) The Environmental Specialist of the DSC team will: • Assist in preparing and update subproject IEEs in respect to environmental management plans (EMPs) in compliance with the ADB Safeguard Policy Statement, national and state level environmental policies, rules, and regulations; • Interact on a regular basis with the sector specialists of the DSC and integrate environmentally sound practices into the detailed design of project components. Include mitigation measures in designs where appropriate, and to specify other measures in construction contracts; • Assist the PIU in monitoring impacts and mitigation measures associated with subprojects in accordance with the IEEs, EMPs, and/or environmental mitigation action plan as well as any other environmental issues and take corrective actions where needed; • Assist in the review and approval of site specific environmental enhancement /mitigation designs worked out by the Contractor to ensure compliance with the IEE and EMP; • Assist the PIU in preparing monthly and annual environmental compliance
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reports for all works in accordance with the EMP for each of the subprojects and the overall Project; • Develop, organise and deliver environmental training programs and workshops for the staff of the PIU and Contractors and in accordance to the Capacity Building Program as specified in the IEE. Provide training to the PIU for environmental management and monitoring during construction and operation; • Advise PMU/PIU for compliance with statutory clearances; • Develop good practice construction guidelines to assist the contractors in implementing the provisions of IEE; • Work with local NGOs to conduct environmental awareness events which highlight conservation and benefits of eco tourism principles; and • Assist Environmental Specialist of the PMU to prepare good practice dissemination notes based on the experience gained from site supervision. 4) Contractors will be required by their contracts to implement all specified mitigation, monitoring, and reporting assigned to contractors as presented in subproject IEE. Environmental monitoring will be undertaken by the PMU supported by the PMC Environmental Specialist.
5) The project includes upfront and ongoing supervision and training assistance for environmental monitoring reporting in project management structures. The effective implementation of the measures proposed will be ensured through the building up of capacity towards environmental management within the PMU supplemented with the technical expertise of a Safeguards Specialist as part of the DSC Consultants.
5.3 Environmental Management Plan
As per the Asian Development Bank’s (ADB) Environmental Assessment Guidelines, the subproject components have been categorized as ‘B’ and an IEE carried out. Towards addressal of the construction impacts, this Environmental management plan (EMP) outlining the specific environmental measures to be adhered to during implementation of the subproject has been prepared. This will enable integration of environmental provisions / management measures in the Contract
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Table – 7 – Environmental Management Plan
Activity / Potential Responsible Sl.no Mitigation Measures Impacts agencies
Pre-Construction Stage
All clearance required for Environmental aspects during construction shall be ULB / PIU / Concerned 1 Clearances ensured and made available before start of work. Departments & agency / contractor
2 Tree Cutting • No trees will be felled for establishing these facilities. Trees will be saved by Contractor / PIU / DSC changing the infrastructure component. Adequate protection to the trees to will be ensured by providing tree guards (e.g. masonry tree guards, l ow level RCC tree guards and c ircular iron tree guard with bars) as required. • Compensatory plantation by wa y of re plantation of at least thrice the number of trees cut should be carried out in the project area.
3 Utility Relocation i) Identify the common utilities to be affected such as: telephone cables, electric PIU / Concerned cables, electric poles, water pipelines, public water taps, etc ii) Affected utilities departments / DSC shall be relocated with prior approval of the concerned agencies before construction starts.
4 Baseline Prior to commencement of construction activities, environmental monitoring will be Contractor / PIU /
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Activity / Potential Responsible Sl.no Mitigation Measures Impacts agencies Data generation conducted through an approved agency towards generating baseline parameters. DSC Further, adequate measures shall be implemented as per EMP to check the Baseline parameters of Air, Water, soil and Noise pollution. Base line parameters shall be monitored and recorded and ensured conformance intermittently as per the monitoring plan till the completion of the project.
5 Planning of i) If necessitated during project construction phase, temporary diversion will be Contractor / PIU / DSC temporary provided with the approval of the engineer. Detailed traffic control plans will be Traffic prepared and submitted to the engineers for approval, one week prior to arrangement commencement of works. ii) The traffic control plans shall contain details of temporary diversion, details of arrangements for construction under traffic, details of traffic arrangement after cessation of work each day, sign boards, safety measures for transport of hazardous materials and arrangement of flagmen.
6 Disposal of treated Waste water generated if any will be contained, desilted, treated and disposed in Contractor/ PIU /DSC Waste water sewerage lines. Alternatively, the waste water will be sprinkled for dust suppression.
7 Storage of The contractor shall identify the site for temporary use of land for Contractor / PIU materials construction sites /storage of construction materials, etc.
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Activity / Potential Responsible Sl.no Mitigation Measures Impacts agencies
Construction Stage
1.1 Shifting of Ensure community consensus and minimum impact to common utilities like telephone Concerned departments common cable, electric cables, electric poles, water taps and etc., Proper clearance is to be and PIU /DSC utilities obtained from the concerned authorities before commencement of works.
1.2 Compensatory Attempts will be made by altering the locations of these facilities so that the issue of Contractor / PIU /DSC plantation of trees tree felling does not arise. If inevitable, trees will be felled with prior permission and compensatory plantation will be carried out as per the directives of the Forest department.
1.3 Disposal of The contractor shall identify the sites for debris disposal prior to start of the Prospective Construction debris earthworks; taking into account the following: Contractor / PIU / DSC and excavated (a) The dumping does not impact natural drainage courses materials. (b) no endangered / rare flora is impacted by such dumping (c) Settlement area located at least 1.0 km away from the site. (d) Should be located in non residential areas located in the downwind side (e) located at least 100m from the designated forest land.
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Activity / Potential Responsible Sl.no Mitigation Measures Impacts agencies (f) Avoid disposal on productive land. (g) Should be located with the consensus of the local community, in consultation with the engineer and shall be approved by the highways department Minimize the construction debris by balancing the cut and fill requirements.
(Preferably reused as filling or spread material and covered with a productive layer of soil)
1.4 Planning for Before taking up of construction activity, a Traffic Control Plan shall be prepared if Contractor/ PIU/DSC temporary traffic necessary and implemented to the satisfaction of the Engineer diversions Construction shall be taken in a phased manner. Temporary diversion will be provided with the approval of the engineer. The arrangement for the temporary diversion of the road shall ensure to minimize the environmental impacts, like loss of vegetation, productive lands etc., prior to the finalization of diversion and detours. Special consideration will be given to the preparation of the traffic control plan for safety of pedestrians and workers at night. The contractor will ensure that the diversion / detour is always maintained in running condition, particularly during the monsoon to avoid disruption to traffic flow. He shall inform local community of
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Activity / Potential Responsible Sl.no Mitigation Measures Impacts agencies changes to traffic routes, conditions and pedestrians access arrangements. This plan will be periodically reviewed with respect to site conditions. The temporary traffic detour will be kept free of dust by frequent application of water.
1.5 Protection of The top productive soil to be scooped out is protected and reused over a piece of land for Contractor top soil enhancing productivity.
1.6 Potential risk of Adequate precautions should be taken while laying the sewer lines to avoid the contractor/PIU/DSC cross connection possibility of cross connection with water supply lines.
1.7 Flooding in Low lying areas in the project site can get flooded during monsoon period; to prevent the Contractor/ PIU/DSC the low lying areas situation proper drainage arrangements has to be planned and implemented
1.8 Temporary flooding Proper drainage arrangements to be made, to avoid the overflowing of existing drains Contractor / PIU/DSC due to excavation. due to excavation during the laying of sewer mains/pipe lines.
1.9 Temporary i) Establish coordination with the concerned department to avoid or minimize the water supply interruption of regular supply of drinking water to the residents. Contractor/ PIU interruptions ii) Proper alternative arrangements to be planned when interruption of drinking water supply to the nearby residents.
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Activity / Potential Responsible Sl.no Mitigation Measures Impacts agencies
1.10 Use of modern Using of modern machinery such as JCBs, Backhoes etc, shall be used to minimize the Contractor machinery construction period; it will also reduce the construction impacts to the nearby residents.
1.11 Traffic i) Temporary traffic arrangements to be planned during construction. This plan shall be Contractor/ PIU/DSC diversion periodically reviewed with respect to site condition and concerned departments.
1.12 Prevention of Prevention o f accidents involving humanbeings, animals or vehicles falling or Contractor/ PIU/DSC accidents accidents due to open trenches during construction period. This needs to be ensured with proper barricading, signage boards and lighting etc.
1.13 Barricading The construction site should be barricaded at all time till its completion with adequate Contractor/DSC/PIU site marking, flags, reflectors etc. for safety of general traffic movement and pedestrians.
1.14 Dust i) All earth work will be protected in the manner acceptable to the engineer to Contractor/ PIU/DSC Pollution near minimize generation of dust. Area under construction shall be intermittently settlements sprinkled with water towards dust suppression. ii) Construction material shall be kept covered or stored in such a manner so as to avoid being airborne because of the wind flow. iii) Trucks carrying construction material to be adequately covered to avoid the dust pollution and to avoid the material spillage.
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Activity / Potential Responsible Sl.no Mitigation Measures Impacts agencies
1.15 Protection of i) Noisy construction operations in residential and sensitive areas shall be carried out only Contractor /DSC/ PIU Residential / between 6.00 am and 6.00 pm. sensitive receptors. ii) Preventive maintenance of construction equipment and vehicles are to be carried out to meet emission standards and to keep them with low noise. iii) Provision of generators and concrete mixers with acoustic enclosures are to be made at site. iv) Sound barriers in inhabited areas shall be installed during the construction phase. v) Adequate barricading / other measures to protect dust pollution near sensitive receptors like schools and hospital to be ensured.
1.16 Vehicular i) Idling of temporary trucks or other equipment should not be permitted during periods Contractor /DSC/PIU Noise pollution at of loading / unloading or when they are not in active use. This shall be ensured residential / especially near residential / commercial / sensitive areas. sensitive receptors. ii) Stationary construction equipment will be kept at least 500m away from sensitive receptors. iii) All possible and practical measures to control noise emissions during drilling shall be employed. The project manager may direct to take adequate controls measures depending on site conditions.
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Activity / Potential Responsible Sl.no Mitigation Measures Impacts agencies
1.17 Noise from iv) Servicing of all construction vehicles and machinery will be carried out regularly and Contractor / DSC/PIU vehicles, plants during routine servicing operations, the effectiveness of exhaust silencers will be and equipment checked and if found defective will be replaced. v) Maintenance of vehicles, equipment and machinery shall be regular and up to the satisfaction of the Engineer to keep noise levels at the minimum as per the PCB norms.
1.18 Storage of Site for storage of construction materials to be identified, without obstructing the traffic Contractor/PIU construction and other common utilities. materials
1.19 Labour facilities Adequate potable water facilities, sanitation and drainage , in conformity with the Indian labour laws shall be ensured. Contractor / PIU/DSC The contractor shall also guarantee the following: i) The construction of temporary toilets to labours will commence only upon the written approval of the Engineer. ii) The Contractor shall make arrangements towards potable water is available for drinking, cooking and washing.
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Activity / Potential Responsible Sl.no Mitigation Measures Impacts agencies iii) Supply of sufficient quantity of potable water as per BIS in every workplace site at suitable and easily accessible places and regular maintenance of such facilities. iv) The sewer lines for the sanitary complex shall be designed, built and operated in such a fashion that no health hazards occurs and no pollution to the air, ground water or adjacent water courses take place; ensure adequate water supply to all toilets and urinals.
1.20 Waste i) The contractor shall provide garbage bins in the work site and ensure that these Contractor/DSC/PIU Disposal are regularly emptied and disposed off in a hygienic manner as per the Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan approved by the Engineer.
1.21 Pollution from i) The contractor shall ensure that all construction vehicle parking location, fuel / Contractor/DSC/PIU fuel and lubricants storage sites; vehicle, machinery and equipment maintenance and lubricants refuelling sites shall be located away from rivers, irrigation canal/ponds and water bodies. ii) Contractor shall ensure that all vehicle / machinery and equipment operation, maintenance and refuelling will be carried out in such a fashion that spillage of fuels and lubricants does not contaminate the ground. iii) Contractor shall arrange for collection, storing and disposal of oily wastes to the pre
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Activity / Potential Responsible Sl.no Mitigation Measures Impacts agencies identified disposal sites (list to be submitted to Engineer) and approved by the Engineer. All spill and collected petroleum products will be disposed off in accordance with MoEF and state PCB guidelines. iv) Engineer will certify that all arrangements comply with the guidelines of PCB/ MoEF or any other relevant laws.
1.22 Pollution from The Contractor shall take all precautionary measures to prevent the wastewater Contractor / DSC/PIU Construction generated during construction from entering into streams, water bodies or the Wastes irrigation system. All waste arising from the project is to be disposed off in the manner that is acceptable by the engineer. The engineer shall certify that all liquid wastes disposed off from the sites meet the discharge standard.
1.23 Risk from The contractor shall take all required precautions to prevent danger from Electrical electrical equipment and ensure that Contractor/DSC/PIU Equipment(s) i) No material will be so stacked or placed as to cause danger or inconvenience to any person or the public. ii) All necessary fencing and lights will be provided to protect the public in construction zones. All machines to be used in the construction will conform to the
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Activity / Potential Responsible Sl.no Mitigation Measures Impacts agencies relevant Indian Standards (BIS) codes, will be free from patent defect, will be kept in good working order, will be regularly inspected and properly maintained as per BIS provision and to the satisfaction of the Engineer.
1.24 Safety i) Adequate precautions shall be taken to prevent the accidents and from the machineries. aspects All machines used shall conform to the relevant Indian standards Code and shall be Contractor/DSC/PIU regularly monitored by the Project Manager. ii) Where loose soil is met with, shoring and strutting as per standard shall be provided to avoid collapse of soil. iii) Protective footwear and protective goggles shall be provided to all workers employed on mixing of materials like cement, concrete etc. iii) Welder’s protective eye shields shall be provided to workers who are engaged in welding works. iv) Earplugs shall be provided to workers exposed to loud noise and workers working in crushing, compaction, or concrete mixing operation. v) The contractor shall supply all necessary safety appliances such as safety goggles, helmets, safety belts, ear plugs, mask etc to workers and staff. The contractor shall comply with all the precautions as required for ensuring the safety
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Activity / Potential Responsible Sl.no Mitigation Measures Impacts agencies of the workmen as per the International Labour Organization(ILO) Convention No. 62 as far as those are applicable to this contract. The contractor will make sure that during the construction work all relevant provisions of the Factories Act, 1948 and the Building and other Construction Workers (regulation of Employment and Conditions of Services) Act, 1996 are adhered to. The contractor shall not employ any person below the age of 14 years for any work and no woman will be employed on the work of painting with products containing lead in any form.
1.25 First Aid The contractor shall arrange for: Contractor/DSC/PIU i) A readily available first aid unit including an adequate supply of sterilized dressing materials and appliances as per the Factories Rules in every work zone ii) Availability of suitable transport at all times to take injured or sick person(s) to the nearest hospital for treatment.
1.26 Chance found The contractor will take reasonable precaution to prevent his workmen or any Contractor/DSC/PIU Flora and other persons from removing and damaging any flora (plant/vegetation) and fauna Fauna (animal) including fishing in any water body and hunting of any animal. If any, upon discovery thereof acquaint the Engineer and carry out the Engineer's instructions for dealing with the same.
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Activity / Potential Responsible Sl.no Mitigation Measures Impacts agencies The Engineer will report to the nearest forest office (range office or divisional office) and will take appropriate steps/ measures, if required in consultation with the forest officials.
1.27 Environmental The PMU/PIU with the help of DSC shall undertake seasonal monitoring of air, water, PMU/PIU/DSC Monitoring noise and soil quality through an approved professional environmental monitoring agency. The parameter to be monitored, frequency and duration of monitoring plan shall be accordingly decided as per the norms of PCB.
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5.4 Environmental Monitoring Plan
1) Environmental monitoring will be done during construction at three levels; namely monitoring development of project performance indicators by the DSC Environmental Specialist, monitoring (by DSC and PMC) over the implementation of mitigation measures done by the Contractor and overall regulatory monitoring of the environmental issues by the PMU Environmental Specialist. The proposed monitoring of all relevant environmental parameters, with a description of the sampling stations, frequency of monitoring, applicable standards and responsible agencies are presented. The environmental monitoring plan for the project is presented in Table 8
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Table 8: Environmental Monitoring Plan
Project Attribute Parameter Special Guidance Standards Frequency Duration Location Implementation Stage Air Three Use method specified by Along the Construction (prevention seasons By Contractor CPCB for analysis. road SO2, NOx, and Control per year through Environmental 24 hours Air PM10, PM2.5, of Competent monitoring shall be Three Sampling CO Pollution) Along the Professional Operation1 conducted by NABL seasons for Rules, road Agency aggregated laboratory. one year CPCB, 2009 Equivalent noise levels Three Along the Construction using an integrated seasons Leq in road By Contractor noise level meter kept at per year Noise levels MoEF dB(A) of through a distance of 15 from Noise on dB (A) Noise day time Competent edge of pavement Three scale Rules, 2000 and night Along the Professional Operation Equivalent noise levels seasons for time road Agency using an integrated one year noise level meter kept at
1 Parameters to be monitored for Operation stage is same as Construction stage
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Project Attribute Parameter Special Guidance Standards Frequency Duration Location Implementation Stage a distance of 15 from edge of pavement. Environmental monitoring shall be conducted by NABL aggregated laboratory. All essential Grab sample collected characteristics from source and and some of Indian Analyse as per Standard Upstream desirable Standards By Contractor Methods for and characteristics for Three through Examination of Water Grab downstream Water Construction as decided by Inland seasons Competent and Wastewater. Sampling of the the Surface per year Professional Environmental sanitary Environmental Waters (IS: Agency monitoring shall be complex Specialist of 2296, 1982 conducted by NABL the SC and aggregated laboratory. PIU Soil Construction Monitoring of Sample of soil collected Threshold Once in a Grab Upstream By Contractor
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Project Attribute Parameter Special Guidance Standards Frequency Duration Location Implementation Stage Pb, SAR and to acidified and for each year Sampling and through Oil & analysed using contaminant downstream Competent Grease absorption set by IRIS of the Professional Spectrophotometer. database of sanitary Agency Environmental USEPA complex monitoring shall be until conducted by NABL national aggregated laboratory. standards are promulgated
Department of Tourism, GoTN 62
Infrastructure development Investment Program for Tourism, Tamil Nadu (IDIPT TN) ( Project – 2) IEE-Thanjavur
Apart from the above mentioned monitoring requirements, any major accidents /spillage during bulk transport of hazardous materials. Depending on the type of spillages / accidents the parameters to be monitored will be decided by the engineer and should be carried out by the contractor through approved monitoring agencies and supervised by the Implementing agency at their own cost. Formats for reporting: Formats for reporting / monitoring the progress / parameters achieved will be finalized in consultation with the successful bidder. However, the suggested monitoring report format is in Appendix 4 Environmental Compliance Report: The contractor should deploy Environmental and Social Safeguard (ESS) Manager to have uninterrupted communication with the DSC’s Environmental specialist. The contractor shall submit a monthly progress report as per the reporting format approved by the engineer, on the status of the implementation of the EMP, and get it duly approved by the engineer for its compliance and for proceeding with the work. The monthly report should necessarily address the EMP clauses vs. the status of the compliances, deviations if any future course of actions with photographic evidences. 5.5 Capacity Building
5.5.1 Target Audience
The Environmental Specialist of the DSC will provide the basic training required for environmental awareness followed by specific aspects of infrastructure improvement projects along with Environmental implications for projects located within / in the vicinity of natural and cultural heritage sites. Specific modules customized for the available skill set will be devised after assessing the capabilities of the members of the Training Programme and the requirements of the project. The entire training would cover basic principles of environmental assessment and management; mitigation plans and programmes, implementation techniques, monitoring methods and tools. The proposed training program along with the frequency of sessions is presented in Table 9
Department of Tourism, GoTN 63
Infrastructure development Investment Program for Tourism, Tamil Nadu (IDIPT TN) ( Project – 2) IEE-Thanjavur
Table 9: Training modules for environmental management
Form of Duration / Training Conducting Programme Description Participants Training Location Agency A. Pre-Construction Stage Introduction to Environment: Basic Tourism / Forest / Roads / Concept of Environmental Culture Department Regulations, Guidelines, EIA Sensitization Officials, Project Director Lectures cum ½ Working Environmental Notification, process and methodology interaction & Workshop (PD) and Environmental Workshop Day Specialist of the DSC for IEE, EMPs and their use and Specialist (ES) of the Statutory requirements as per PMU/PIU & PMC Government of India and ADB. Session I Introduction to Environment: Basic Concept of Environment Safeguards Regulations and Statutory PMU/PIU (including the requirements as per Govt. of India and ES), PMC and Engineering 1 Working Safeguards Specialist Module I Lecture ADB guidelines on cultural resources, staff of the implementing Day of the DSC Environmental considerations in Agencies planning, design and implementing projects.
Department of Tourism, GoTN 64
Infrastructure development Investment Program for Tourism, Tamil Nadu (IDIPT TN) ( Project – 2) IEE-Thanjavur
Environmental components impacted in constructions and operation stages Activities causing pollution during Construction and Operation stages PMU/PIU/PMC (including Environmental Management ¼ Working Safeguards Specialist Module II the ES) and Engineering Workshop Environmental Provisions Day of the DSC. staff of Tourism Dept. Implementation Arrangements Methodology of Assessment Good Engineering Practices to be integrated into Contract Documents. Implementation of EMPs:
Basic features of an EMP, Planning, Safeguards Specialist designing and execution of Lecture / of the PMC with PMU/PIU (including the environmental mitigation and Interactive 2 Working support from the Module III ES) Engineering staff of enhancement measures, monitoring sessions and Days conservation Tourism Dept. and evaluation of environmental site visits specialist of the conditions – during construction and PMC. operation Improved co-ordination with other PMU/PIU (including the Lecture / 1 Working Safeguards Specialist Module IV Departments: Statutory permissions – ES) Engineering staff of Interactive Day of the DSC.
Department of Tourism, GoTN 65
Infrastructure development Investment Program for Tourism, Tamil Nadu (IDIPT TN) ( Project – 2) IEE-Thanjavur
Procedural requirements co operation Tourism Dept. & PMC sessions and co ordination with other Departments. Environmental principles of eco Lecture / Local community groups, ½ Working Institutes as the Wild Module V tourism and training and awareness Interactive NGOs Day Life Institute of India building sessions B. Construction Stage Session II Role during Construction Roles and
Responsibilities of Officials / Engineers and Staff of Line Lecture / Contractors / Consultants towards Departments of the Govt. of ½ Working Safeguards Specialist Module VI Interactive protection of Environment Tamil Nadu and PMU/PIU Day of the DSC sessions Implementation Arrangements (including the ES) Monitoring Mechanisms
Session III Identification of birds species in Pong Staff of Forest Site visits, Institutes as Wetland, habits of species, biology, Department, Youth in the 5 7 working Module VI Interactive the Wild Life ecology of important species, basic villages, periphery of the days sessions Institute of India knowledge of reptiles of amphibians Wetland, and other NGOs
Department of Tourism, GoTN 66
Infrastructure development Investment Program for Tourism, Tamil Nadu (IDIPT TN) ( Project – 2) IEE-Thanjavur
and fauna in the District. identification of plants, including medicinal plants orientation on wetland ecology, monitoring methods, use of instruments as binoculars, digital camera, GPS, etc. Skill up gradation on eco tourism and Tourism Department, nature guides dealing with tourists Youth in the villages, Site visits, 5 7 Working and Institutes as the Module VII interpretational skills, micro planning, periphery and other NGOs Interactive Days Wild Life Institute of natural resources, management of self in the District sessions India. help groups, etc. Monitoring Environmental Performance during Construction: Air, Water, Soil and Noise, tree survival Monitoring requirement and Lectures, Safeguards Specialist PIU/ PMC/NGOs and techniques, Evaluation and Review of Workshop and 4 – 5 Working of the DSC – During Module VIII community representatives results, Performance indicators and site visits Days initial stage of
their applicability, possible corrective Construction actions, reporting requirements and mechanisms
Department of Tourism, GoTN 67
Infrastructure development Investment Program for Tourism, Tamil Nadu (IDIPT TN) ( Project – 2) IEE-Thanjavur
5.5.2 Environmental Awareness Building
• Distribution of Pamphlets, Posters, Brochures etc., Building an Environmental Awareness by elaborating the Do’s and Don’ts in the form of Posters, Pamphlets etc sub project specific in selected locations. For example sub project wise do’s and don’ts is as follows
Sanitary Complex S. No Do’s Don’ts 1. Periodical Cleaning should be done Improper Cleaning to be avoided Periodical cleaning of septic tank to be 2. Septic Tank should not be kept open done without any spillage or leakage Sufficient Water supply to be ensured No plastic waste and other wastes to 3. for flushing and floor cleaning be dumped into the water closet Emergency Contact Numbers to be No driving or parking over any part 4. displayed nearby (Hospital, red cross, of the septic system. Child welfare etc) Proper flushing of Water Closets to be 5. ensured
Appropriate Cleaning materials to be 6. used for cleaning
Deep Earth Bins S. No Do’s Don’ts Periodical Empting / Maintenance It should not be placed in the traffic 1. should be done before spillage zone Bins should be placed along the road It should not be placed in the 2. side such that no disturbance for vehicle’s traffic zone public to be ensured Bins to be covered properly to avoid Placement of bins at the road’s 3. bad odour into the environment junction points to be avoided
Department of Tourism, GoTN 68
Infrastructure development Investment Program for Tourism, Tamil Nadu (IDIPT TN) ( Project – 2) IEE-Thanjavur
5.6 Environmental Budget
As part of good engineering practices in the project, there have been several measures as erosion prevention, rehabilitation of borrow areas, safety, signage, provision of temporary drains, etc., the costs for which will be included in the design costs of specific subprojects. Therefore, these items of costs have not been included in the IEE budget. Only those items not covered under budgets for construction and RP are costed in the IEE budget. The IEE costs include mitigation, monitoring and capacity building costs.
Table 10: Environmental Budget
Item Quantity Unit Cost (US $) Sub-total Cost (US $) Source of Funds
Environmental Monitoring
(a) Design stage to Lump $2,000 per establish baseline $7000 DSC cost sum component environmental data
$5,000 per (b) Construction Construction component phase contractor’s costs