tCENSUS OF INDIA 1981
SERIES-20
TAl\1IL NADU
PART XIII-A
DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK
VILLAGE AND TOWN DIRECTORY
THANJAVUR
A. P. MUTHUSWAMI of the Indian Administrative Service Director or Census Operations. Tamil Nadll Price;
PUBLISHED BY THE GOVERNMENT OF TAMIL NADU AND PRINTED BY THE DIRECTOR O'F STATIONERY AND PRINTING AT THE GOVERNMENT CENTRAL PRESS, MADRAS-6oo 079. CONTENTS.
PAGES. Fort:word v Preface vii District Map :It Important Statistics xi
Analytical Not s- Census Concepts-Rural and Urban areas-Urban Agglomeration, Census House holds, Scheduled Caste~/Scheduled TrIbes, LIterates, MaIn Workers, Margtnal Workers, Non-Workers, etc. BnefHlstory of the Dlstnct Census Ha.. ndbook .. Scope of VIllage Directory and Town Directory and Primary Census Abstract Bnef HIstory of the DIstrict, Physical Aspects, Forestry, Mlllerais and Mllllllg, Electnclty and Power, Land and Land use pattern,..Tenancy, Agnculture,Anlmal Husbandry, Fishery, Industry, Trade and Commerce, Transport, MajCJr SocIal and Cultural events, Places oftounst Importance Brief analysis oftbe V:llage 2nd Town Directory and Pnmary Census Abstract Data 1-54
VILLAGE AND TOWN DIRECTORY.
SECTION I-VILLAGE DIRECTORY. Note explaimng codes used in Village Directory 57-58 1. Slrkazm Taluk (I) Taluk Map Facing 60 (II) Alphabetical lIst of VIUages 61-63 (m) Village Directory Statement 64-75
2. Mayuram Taluk (I) Taluk Map Facing 78 (11) AlphabetIcal list of villages 79-83 (Ill) Village Directory Statement 84-105
'I 3. Tlruvldaimarudur Taluk- (.) Taluk Map Facing 108 (Ii) Alphabetical list of Villages 109-111 (III) V.llage Dlfectory Statement 112-121
4. Kumbakonam Taluk (i) Taluk Map Facing 124 (11) Alphabetical lIst of Villages 125-127 (Iii) Vtllage Dlri'ctory Statement 128-137 12-I-AA iv.
PAGES.
:>. Nanndam Taluk
(I) Taluk Map Facing l40~ (II) Alphabetical lIst of Vlllages 141-145 (Ill) VIllage Dlfectory Statement 146-169
/6. Papanasam Taluk (i) Taluk Map Facing 172_ (ii) Alphabetical list of VIllages 173--177 (ui) Vlll".ge DIrectory Statement 178-193
1.,. Tluruvalyaru Taluk- (I) Taluk Map FaclDg 196 (II) Alphabetical list of Villages 197-199 (iii) Village DIrectory Statement 200-209
8. ThanJavur Taluk (I) Taluk Map Facmg 212 (II) Alphabehcallist of Villages .. 213-215 (iIi) Village DIrectory Statement 216-225
9. Orattanadu Taluk (J) Taluk Map Facing 228 (it) Alphabetical list of VIllages 229-.!31 (hi) Village Directory Statement 232-241
10. Mannargudl Taluk (I) Taluk Map FaclDg 244 (II) Alphabetical list ofViUages 245-249 (iiI) VIllage DHectory Stateme!1t 2S0-2b5·
11. ThlTuvarur Taluk (Ij Taluk Map Facing 268 (iJ) Alpha behcaL hst of Villages 269-271 (ji!J Village DIrectory Statem.ent 272-281
[2. Nagappattinam Taluk (i) Taluk Map Facing 284 (II) AlphabetJcal list of Villages 285-287 (iiI). VIllage DIrectory Statement 288-295
l3. Tirutturaippundl Taluk (I) Taluk Map Facing 298 (ii) AlphabetIcal list ot Villages 299-301 (iii) VIllage Directory Statement 302-311
14. Vedaranmyam Taluk (i) Taluk Map Facing 314 (ii) Alphabetical list of Villages 315-317 (iii) V,Illage Dnectory Statement 31S-3-?5 PAGES. 'i5. Pattukkottal Taluk (I) Taluk Map Facing 328 (il) Alphabetical hST of VIllages 329-333 (IiI) VIllage Dn ectOlY Statement ~34-351.
'16. Peravurani Taluk (I) Taluk Map Facmg 354 (ii) Alphabetical list of Villages 355-357 (iii) Village DlfCctory Statement 358-367 Appendix-I-Taluk wise Abstract of Educational, MedIcal and other amenitIes 368-3J3
Appendlx-IT-Land utlllsatlOn data III respect of non-mulllcipal towns 374-375
Appendix-III-Talukwise list of villages where no amemtles ar~ avail"ble 375- Appendix-IV-List of VIllage according to the proportion of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tnbes to the total populatIOn by ranges 376-455
SECTION ll-ToWN DmECTORY.
Note explainlllg the codes used III the Town DIrectory 458-459 Statement I-Status and Growth History 460-463
Statement II~Physlcal Aspects and LocatIOn of Towns, 1979 464-467 Statement 1f!-MulllCIpal Fmance 1978-79 468-471 , : Statement IV-CIVIC and other ameDIhes-1979 472--475 Statement IV-A-CIVIC and other amemhes III notified slum-1979 476-477
Statement V-Medlcal, educatIOnal, recreatlOn •..j and cultural facIlItIes. 1979 478-483 Statement VI-Trade, Commerce, Industry and BankIllg 1979 484-485 Appendix-Towns showmg their out growths wIth populatIOn 486
ReSJlOnSlbibty tor tbe wrrectness of mternal details shown ill the maps rests wIth tIle publisher..
FOREWORD The District Census Handbook (DCH), compiled by the census organisation. on behalf of the State Governments, is one of the most valuable products~ of the Census. The DCH is con stantly referred to by planners, adminis trators, academicians and researchers. It is inter alia used for delimitation, of constituencies, forrnulauon of local level and regional plans and as an aid 10 district administration. The District Census Handbook IS the only publica tion which provides Primary Census Abstract (PCA) data upto village level for the rural areas and wardwise for each city or town. It also provides data on infrastructure and amenities in villages and towns, etc. The District Census Handbook series was initIated during the 1951 Census. It contained important census tables and PCA for each village and town of the district. During 1961 Census, the scope of the DCH was enlarged and it contained a descriptive account of the district, administrative statIstics, census tables and a village and town directory, including PCA. The 1971 DeH senes was planned in three parts. Part-A related to village and town directory, Part-B to village and town PCA and Part-C comprised analytical report,. administrative stattstics, dIstrict census tables and certam analytical tables. based on PCA and amenity data in respect of villages. However, in some States, it was confined to dIstrict census tables and In a few cases, altogether given up due to delay in compIlatIOn and printing. While designing the format of 1981 DCH series, some new features along with the restructuring of the formats of village and town directory have been attempted. At the same hme, comparability with the 1971 data has also been kept in vie~. All the amenitIes except power supply in the village have been brought together in the village directory with the instruction that in case an amenity is not aVaIlable in the referrent village, the distance in broad ranges from the nearest place where the amenity is available may be given. The restructuring of the format of the village directory and incorporating more exhaustive data on infrastructure aspect, particularly in relation to amenitIes and land-use pattern, is expected to further meet the need of micro level planning for rural areas. It is expected to help not only in local area planning but regulating the prOVIsion of goods and services as well, so as to minimise the regional imbalances in the process of development A few new items of information have also been introduced to meet some of the requirements of the Revised Minimum Needs Programme. Such new items of information as adult lIteracy centres, primary health sub-centres and community health workers in the village have been introduced in the village directory with this objective in mind. The new item on approach to the village is to have an idea about the villages in the district which are inaccessible. A new column, "total population and number of households". has been introduced to examine the correlation of the amenities. with the population and number of households they serve. Addition of two more appendices, listing the villages where no amenities are available and accor ding to the proportion of Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe population to the total population, has also been made with this view in mind. The formats of the town directory have also been modified to meet the requirements of the Minimum Needs Programme by prOVIding information on a few new items. A new statement on civic and other amenities in slums in Class-I and Class-II towns (Statement IV-A) has been introduced with this objective in mind. It is expected that this will help the planners to chalk out programmes on provision of civic amenities for the improvemeht c of slums_ viii The columns of Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe population in Statement IV relatmg to civic and other amenities and adult hteracy classes/centres under educational facilities in Statement V are also added inter at ia wIth thIs VIew. A sigmficant addition is class of town in all the seven statements of the town direcIOl y. The infrastructure of amemties in urban areas of the country can be best analysed by taking the class of towns into consideration. The addition of the columns on cIvic admmistration status and population in a few state ments also serves thIS purpose. The format of the Primary Census Abstract for the villages and towns has been formulated in the bght of changes in the economic and other questions canvassed through the IndIvidual SlIp of 1981 Census. In order to avoid delay in publIcation of 1981 DCH series, it has been so desIgned that Part-A of the volume contains VIllage and town directory and Part-B, the PCA of villages and towns mcluding the Scheduled Castes and Sche duled Tribes PCA upto Tahsil/Town levels. At the begmning of the DCH, a detailed analytical note supported by a number of Inset tables based on PCA and non-census data in relation to the infrastructure has been introduced to en hance its value. The dIstrict and taluk level maps, depicting the boundaries and other important features, have been inserted at appropriate places, to further_ ..... enhance the value of the publication. This publication is a joint venture of the State Government and the Census Organisation. The data have been collected and complIed III the State under the directIon of Shri A. P. MUTHUSWAMI LA.S., the Director of Census Operatlons, TamIl Nadu on behalf of the State Government which has borne the cost of printing. The task of planning, designing and co-ordination of this publication was carried out by Shri N. G. Nag, Deputy Registrar General (Social Studies) of my office. Dr. B. K. Roy, Deputy Registrar General (Map) provided the techmcal gmdance in the preparation of the maps. Data receIved from Census Directorates have been scrutimsed in the Social Studies DIvision at the headquarters under the guidance of Shn M. M. Dua, Senior Research Officer. I am thankful to all who have contributed in thIS project.
New Delhi, P. PADMANABHA, The 26th April 1982. Registrar General, India. PREFACE It has been the tradition of the Government of Tamil Nadu to publish immediately after each census, a District Census Handbook separately for each district containmg the Census statistIcs, besides other valuable data of local importance, for the use of the State Government, district administration, research scholars and other data users. The first series of District Census Handbooks were brought out immediately after the 1951 Census and the present publIcation after the 1981 Census is the fourth m the series. The Census statistics presented in this publication were collected during the census operations In February-March 1981, as at the sun rise of the 1st March 1981. The other statIstics in this publication have been collected from various departments of the State and Central Govermnents. This publication consists of the following two parts : Part-A: Village and Town Directory; and Part-B : Village and TownWlse Primary Census Abstract. Takmg into account the Illcreaslllg and vaned developmental and other wejfare measures undertaken by the Government, the scope and content of the data In thIS pUblIcation have been considerably enlarged and Improved to meet the requirements of the pianners and the other data users. In particular, certain inset tables based on census and other data have been included In this publi.cation with brief analytlcal notes thereon. This publication contains a brief history of the distnct highlighting the major characteristIcs of the district in relation to the economic resources like forestry, mint:lra1s, etc., besides the social, cultural, religIous and historical aspects. The district and taluk maps in this publication gIVe the administrative units up to village level, the rural and urban units, the location of towns and cities, communication facilities and other related details. The facilities and amel'lities available in respect of education, medical, drinking water, post and telegraph, markets, communication, etc.• in each village and town have been included in this publication and an Important feature is that wherever the above facilities and amenitIes are not available in any partIcular VIllage/town, the nearest place where they are available has also been reported. , Another interesting feature in thIS publication is that villages with none of these amenitIes have been listed out separately for the pointed attention of the planners and administrators. Certain tables present data exclusively in respect of the weaker sections of the society belonging to the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. The land use pattern in respect of rural and urban areas have also been reported in thIS publication which would meet the requirement of micro level planning for rural and urban areas. The data m respect of urban areas, apart from the medIcal and other facilitie<; available. relate to the growth of towns, the availability of protected water-supply, and what is important, the civic amemties avaHable in the slums .]>1' the' urban areas. 12-1-B x
Part B of this volume consists of the District and VillagejTownwise Primary Census Abstract, followed by Primary Census Abstract of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. The district Primary Census Abstract gives for each territorial unit upto taluk level in the case of rural areas and upto town level for urban areas, occupIed residentIal houses, households, the total population, the Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe population, workers, etc., thereby indicating the baSIC SOCIO-economlC characteristics of the population for the territonal units. The village and townWIse Primary Census Abstract gives similar information for VIllages and wards of towns. Besides, there is an appendIX whIch furnishes at urban block level, the total population and Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe populatIOn. I am grateful to the Collectors and other district officers and Departments of the State Government who have extended their unfaIling co-operation and help In collectmg the voluminous and useful data other than Census, for their presentatIOn at one place in thIS publication, for the ready reference of the data users. In bringing out this publication, I have received assistance from Sarvashri M. Thangaraju and M. Nagappan, Deputy Dnecto"s of Census OperatIOns besides a large number of staff members of this Directorate.
In formulating the scope and content of the data III this publication and deSIgning the formats for presentation of the data, I have received valuable gUidance from Shri P. Padmanabha, Registrar General, IndIa. The encourage ment I have receIved from him at every stage of the work has contributed in a great measure to the successful publIcation of thIS DistrIct Census Handbook. I hope the data in this volume would be found useful and the pUblication well receIved by the admInIstrators, academicians and mher data users.
Madras, A. P. MUTHUSWAMI, March, 1983. Director of Census Operations, Tamil Nadu. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.
I have pleasure in acknowledging the able assistance given by the following officials of my office in the preparation of this volume.
VilJage Directory: Shri. T. S. Rajaram, Investigator Shri. C. T. Rajan, Investigator Smt. S. P. Kanchanamala, Statistical Assistant Shri. R. Balasubramanian, Statistical Assistant Smt. T. R. Saroja, Computor
Town Directory: Shri. S. Packiaraj, Investigator Smt. A. M. Mangayarkarasi, Tabulation Officer Smt. R. Vasantha, Statistical Assistant Smt. V·. E. Kalyani, Computor Shri. S. Natarajan, Computor Smt. M. Usharani, Lower Division Clerk
Maps: Shri. Jogesh Das, Senior Geographer Sbri. A. Rajamani, Senior Artist Shri. N. Chandran, Artist Shri. M. Kothandaraman, Hand Pre ss Machine Operator.
A. P. MUTHUSWAMI, Director of Oensus Operati8113. THANJAVUR DISTRICT
5 10 15 Miles ~K·m='5~~~====~ii~IO~~~IS~~2~O==~
TIRUCHCHIRAPPAlLi
... en c: CII
._ o ......
PUDUKKOTT AI
Size of Population of Cities! T ownS
100 000 & above • 50 000 - 999.9 - 20000 - 49999 PALK STRAIT • 10 000 - 1999• •• below 10000
Boundary, State I Union territory River with stream.·. District Villages ha.ving Population above 5000 with name ... • T District headquarters Police station PS Taluk hea.dquarters @ Rest house, Travellers bungalow RH State Highway '" Degree College, Technical Instihluon .•. C. TI Important Road ... Urban area. with Population size RS Railwa.y line with statton ( Metre gauge ) • Based upon Survey of India map with the permission at the Surveyor General of India. © Government of India Cop)'right. 1985 . • The territorial waters of India extend into the sea to a distance of twelve nautical miles measured from the appropriate base line. p.z_p. C_S_O_.Madras-s. IMPORTANT STATISTICS. TAMIL THANJAVUR, NADU. DISTRICT. PopulatIOn Total Persons 48,408.077 4,063,545 Males 24,487,624 2,043,724 Females 23,920,453 2,019,82t Rural Persons 32,456,202 3,116,588 Males 16,334,231 1,572,571 Females 16,121,971 1,554,017 Urban Persons 15,951,875 936,957 Males 8,153,393 471,153 Females 7,798,482 465,804 Decennial PopulatIOn Growth Rate 1971-)981 1750 14.46 Area (Sq. Kms.) 130,058 8,280.0 DenSIty of PopulatIon (per sq. Km.) 372 491 Sex RatIO (Number of Females per 1,000 Males) 977 988 Literacy Rate Persons 46.76 50.36 Males 58.26 62.63 Females 3499 3794 Percentage of Urban PopulatIOn to Total PopulatIOn 3"!.95 2306 Percentage to Total populatIOn (1) Mam Workers Persons 39.3] 36.39 Males 55.85 55.29 Females 22.36 17.27 (ii) MargInal Workers Persons 2.42 2.67 Males 0.73 1.00 Females 4.16 4.=6 (lll) Non-Workers Persons 58.27 60.~4 Males 43.42 43.71 Females 73.48 78.37 Percentage of Malll Workers by categories: (I) CultIvators Persons 29.22 24.87 Males 31.75 28.78 Females 22.76 12.19 (ii) Agricultural Labourers Persons :: 1.73 46.10 Males 23.24 37.34 Females 53.43 74.50 (iii) Household Industry Workers Persons 4.72 2.78 Males 4.10 2.69 Females 6.30 3.08 (IVJ Other Workers Persons 34.33 26.25 Males 40.91 31.19 Females 17.51 10.23 Percentage of Scheduled Caste PopulatIon to Persons 18.35 23.21 Total Population. Males 18.32 23.40 Females 18.38 23.03 Percentage of Scheduled Tnbe PopulatIon to Persons ),07 C.ts Total PopulatIon. Males 1.08 0.15 Females ),07 0.15 Number of Occupied ReSIdentIal Houses 9,982,996 848,827 Number of VIllages Total 16,812 1,763- InhabIted 15,831 1.728 Unlllhabited 981 35 Number of Towns _ 434 32 E&aAT~ Page Particul arf! Col. ~ .Bead ~. No, 44 Population range 2000-4999 4 (3,774) (37.74) 67 29 Pac)lqperumalnal1ur 16 T 289.00 '1' ~89.99 79 S.No.?" ~harmadanapuram .3 35 33 90 37 Pa, \a~ 16 T 390.00 '1' 390.00 Blank R 390.00 118 58 Sa-ttanur 20 N5,MI1.T2 N5,M1, '1'2 120 Taluk Total 4 A. 31.lr~ ..,H~ 31 • 172 , 131 39 Kachchukattu 20 N5 .. 41 Amwangudi 20 Blank N5 133 71 Tanampadugai 9 _. (10- ktns) -(10+ kms) 76 l.iattur 9 -(01+ kms) -(10+ kms) 81 Vanduvaucher:i 6 (~5- kms) -(-5 kms) 136 Taluk Total 4 H 171358 P 171,358 P 37493 H 31,493 137 84 Tl.ruchchirai 19 Not clear 6.41 149 30 Mahllrajapuram ~O M20 ; M2 N20 : M2 l!''> 3 60 Kongarayanallur 20 Not clear N7 155 104 Adalal.yur 6 -(-') kms) -(-5 kms) H(l) 105 Enangucbi 6 Blank H(l) 163 181 Uttirengudi 6 (-510 klns) -(5-10 kms) 181 30 Agramanglldi 16 CG 272,00 GC' 272.00 185 63 Vl.ramangalam 20 Blank 186 83 Muniyur 5 P(1)M(1) P(l) M(l) (-5 kms) 84 Kiliyur 5 Blank -( ~ 5 kms) 187 121 Nemmell.kkudi 10 -(5- kWs) ~(- 5 kms) 188 85 Avall.vana11ur 18 Not clear :3.00 96 v~rupaklthipuram 20 N-25 189 109 .Manikkamangalam 19 38.6-5 182 Haridwaramangalam 20 N25, M3, 1'1 201 31 B.anganathapuram ti - (5- krn'" ) -(--,5 kms) 204 47 Netlukkaveri 4 4735(8,070) 4,735(1,070) 206 55 Melauthamanal1ur 20 BIalik 207 65 Unjinl 18 Blank 66 Meka1athur 16 T l';8.03 l' 158.00 72 AdanJ l.yur 13 FD,EAG ED,EAG -2- Pallie Particulars Col. No. No. 215 S.No.S4 Vi1ar a 61 ~21 78 Pa1aiyappat~i 9 -(10+ lems) ( Terkusetti) 222 51 Manaiyerilpatti 16 GC303.12. GC203.12 235 36 Palamputtur 16 T 407.8 T 407.84 246 Sl.No.63 Mudal Setti 3 Not clear 74 64 Munam Setti 3 -do- 87 254 45 Karnavur ) 6 -( 5- kms) 46 Pamani » -(-5 kms) 47 Muranallur 254 49 Vaduvur Tenpadi 7 W,HP W,tfP,TW 51 Melvasa1 7 W,T W,TK 55 Kottangudi 7 1lP ,a,K W,HP,A~1'K 56 Sattanur 7 HP,TK,lt W,HP,1'K,ll 258 96 Nemmeli 10 -(5- kms) -(-5 kms) 261 116 Kllrichi 20 N4,T lil N4, TI, yl 272 15 Pal1ivaramangalam 8 -(5 kms) -(-5 kilts) 276 51 Tevur 5 P(l) W(1) P(1} »(1) H(l) FUC(l) H(l) pue(l) 300 Sl.No.57 Pangal 3 Not clear 6 309 64 Ekkal 20 N8,lrIl,lT N8 ,.wI, 1'1 78 Melnammankurichchi 20 N61:1 N16,Tl 310 Taluk Total 5 PNG-l PUG-l 320 18 Umbalachcheri .. 20 Not clear N20,lrIl,1'l 321 20 MaharaJapuram Welpadi 18 11.0 11..00 19 Not clear 60.52 21 Maharajapuram Kilpadi 16 T •• 18 Blank 336 1 Nemmeli 16 Jil 304.03 & 304.83 340 46 Madurabashinipuram 16 Jil l:W. 20 .it i'20_00 341 57 puvalur 16 & 430.00 a 340.00 346 III Kattaiyankadu Ukkadai 10 JilS ,as BS,&S 347 126 Adirampattinam 10 as,_ DS,lIS 350 Taluk Total 4 2999.44 239.944 516,34 (51,634) 120-183 V-H 20-21 6 1otH2,MH2 1otH2 -3- Page P"articula r8 Col. For Bead No. No. 351 152 Pall iodaivayal 11 U,O K& 14 Aiee ,liliee :aice 359 27 Peravurani 1) P(2),Y(1) P~2~ W(l) H(I)PUV(I) H 1 PUC(l) 360 S Thondipu1ikkadu 16 GG 84.00 GC 84.00 366 85 Kuppathevan 8 -5( -10 kills) -( 5-10 kills) 367 Taluk Total 16 CT 123.00 TK 123.00 375 24 Atirampattinam 8 169.9 169.97 394 210 Krishnankottagam 1 Not clear 210 408 Appendix IV Heading Jlages of Banies of Scheduled Scheduled Caste popu- Tribe popu- lation. 1ation. 419 34 Kovl.lur 1 4 34 462 Sl.No.7 & 8 Dharasuram 2 Dharapuram Dbarasuram Sl.No.9 IV Kutta1aw (NP) 16 Not 01 ear 1513 477 Motilal street (Harijan) 16 Blank 478 IV Aduthurai alias 5 Kumbakonam 5 Maruthuvakudi (12 kms) 6 Blank Kumbakonam (12 killS) 480 II Mannargudl. 19 Blank 1 481 II Nagapattl.nam 17 3 485 IV Orattanadu ( Mukthambal- 13 Not clear I puram) 14 -dc- 4 III Tiruvarur 1) Blank 14 Not clear 4 IV Tirukkattuppa11i 14 -do- l IV Tl.runageswaram 14 Blank 3 III Vedaranniyam 14 Not clear 13 ANALYTICAL NOTE 2 ANALYTlCAL NOTE. Census concepts Rural and Urban areas.-Ccnsus figures are generally presented sepalately for rural and urban alcas. In th':: 1981 Census, the definltion of an urban unlt IS more or less the same as in lh~ 1961 and 1971 Censuses but for some mmor vanations. The urban areas of 1981 Census are :- (a) All places with a Municipahty, CorporatIOn or Cantonment Board or notified town area (b) All other places whIch satisfied the followtng critena :- (l) A mtnlmum populatIOn of 5,000, (11) At least 75 per cent of the male workmg populatIOn engaged III non-agricultural (and allIed) actIvity; (lll) A populatIOn of at least 400 per km2 (or one thousand per square rmle). The above dcfillltwn of urban area vanes shgbtly from that of 1961 and 1971 Censuses in that the iG.les working.n actlVIltcs such as fishmg, loggmg etc., were treated as engaged lnnon-agrtcul tur~l ..C:IVlty . nd lhelefore contnbuted to the 75 per cent cntcnon ill the 1961 and 1971 Censuses, whereas In the 1981 Census, these actIVItIes are trcated as on par WIth cultIvatIOn and agncultural laboUl for the pUlpose of thiS cntenon. The rest of the areas not treated as urban are claSSIfied as run:l areaS. Urban AgglomeratIOn -Urban AgglomeratIOn IS a new concept formed dunng 1971 Census and ihls replaces the concept of town group adopted III 1961 Census. An Urban Agglomeration ma) be expl<-lDcd ;:s io11ows: "It IllUst form a con1tnuous urban spread constItuting a town and Its adJOllllng urban outgrowth or two or more phYSIcally contIguous towns together wIth eon tJnuous well recognised urban outgrowth, If any, of such towns." The conshtuent uruts of all the Urban AgglomeratlODS in TamIl N<:.du are also Independent towns. Census House.-A census house IS a bUIlding or part of a buildmg havmg a separate maIn entrance from the road ('r common courtyald or staIrcase, etc., used or recogrused as a separate UUlL It may be occupied or vacant. It may be used for a reSIdential or nOD-resIdential purpose or both. ~ Household.-A household IS a group of persons, who commonly live together and would take their meals from a common kItchen, unless the exigenCIes of work prevented any of them from dOIng so. Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Trzbes.-For the enumeratIOn of Scheduled Castes and Schcdulcd Tnbc_s In Ctnsus, the names of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tnbes as recogrused III Tamil Nadu based on the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tnbes Orders (Amendment) Act of 1976 (Cen'td Aet 108 of 1976) was followed. The enumerators were mstructed to record a person as a Scheduled Castc/Scheduled Tnbe provlded the name gIVen by the perscn was found 1n the list supphed to them. Llterates.-!n 1981 Census, a hterate was defined as "a person who can both read and WrIte with undustandIllg In any language". A person who could merely read but caUllot wnte, was not a lIterate. Ii was not necessary that a person conSIdered a Ilterate must have received any formal educatiOn or have passed any millImum educattcna1 standard. If'ork.--Work has been defined as partICIpatiOn In any economically productive actiVIty. Such p:lrhclpattOn may be phYSIcal or mental in nature. Work Involves not only actual work but also effectIve superVISIOn and direction of work. Matn rVorkers and Marginal Workers.-A worker was IdentIfied wIth refcrence to a reference penod precedmg the census. The refelence pcnod prescnbed was one year preceding the date of enumeratIon Ccrtaln types of work such as agriculture, household Industnes like gur lnaklng, etc., were carned on, either throughout the year or only dUrIng certaIn seasons or part of the year, dependIng on local circumstances. In such cases, what we were concerned With, was the broad time span of the agrIcultural seasons preceding the "numeration. Workers can be full tllne workers or seasonal workers or marginal workers. If a person has done any work durIDg the reference period and If he had worked for the major part of the year i.e., If he had worked for 183 (hys or more, he was conSIdered to be a full tIme worker (malll worker). If a person had done any work dUring the reference period and If he had not worked for the major part of the year I.e., If he had worked tor less than 183 days, he was considered to be a marglllal worker. The mam activity of workers has been claSSified mto four categories vi:l. cultiwtors. agricultural hbourers, hous.ehold industry We, I ken, and other workerS. 3 (]ult,vator.-For purpoese of Census, <1 cultlVator IS a person who IS engaged eitger as an employer, SIngle worker or famIly wOl'ker In cultIvatIOn of land owned, or beld from Go,ernUleut, pnvate persons of Ill'&tItutlOll', for payment In lllOney, kInd or share CultIvatIOn Inc(\udes superVISIOn and dnectlOll of cultlvatlOn. ,1gncultlual Labourer.-A person who works lIll anothel' person's land for wages ill money, kInd or share should be regarded as an agncultural labourel·. 1:Ie or she has no rlsk In the cultivatlOn but merely works III another person's land foz· wages and has no nght of lease or contract on land on wInch he or she worKs. Household Industry.-For a person ,,~ho returns his/her maIn actIvIty as engaged ill some productIOn, proceSSIng, servlcmg or repaIr of artIcles or goods, it has been ascertamed whet/her It IS a household industry. Household Industry IS defined as an Imlustry conduded by the head of tbe house hold and/or by the TIlembers of the household at home or withlll the village in rural areas, and wlthm the preCIncts of tbe honse ]n urban areas A larger proportion bf workers In a household mdustry should conSJ,st of members of the household indluding the head The industry should not he rUll on the s{lule of a regIstered factory whlch would, or has to be regIstered under the lndIall Factbri'l3s Act. Non- TForkers.-All person who have not beoen treated as workers i e persons who have not worked an~ tlIlle at all durmg tlle lefelence penod of one year precedmg We date of enumeratlOn, ha\e been consIdered as non-workers· There cover all pcrsol1R who are engag1ed 111 unpaId home dUf,les and who do 110 other w01k or have not done any work at all during t11e latlt one year> full ,time studpnts and chIldren attendIng schooL all dependent such as mfants or chIldren not atitemhng school or a pel'Son permanently dI~abled fr01I1 work heeause of Jllness or old age persons retIred from serVIce or renters, beggers, vagrants, conVIcts in Jails or inmates of a penal, mental m cbal'ltablc lnstltutIOn atld all nOll-workers who may not come }-Inder any of the abov,e categones. HISTORY OF THE DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK After the Census of 1951, the Government of IndJa oftered to hand over to the Sta.le Go,-ermnent the Census tables and other data, prepaled dUl'lng the Census and suggested that they nllght be publIshed along WIth any other useful l'llfonrna(;lon I'elatlIIg to each dlStrwt The fltatle Goyernlllent accepted the proposal, and the fi1.st publICatlOn of the District Census Handbook wa .. brought out at the cost of the State Government. The DIstrlCt Census Handbook of 1\)51 was iound to be very useful and It was theJ.'efme deCIded not only to contm ue the senes for !the 1961 Census but also to 11llprove definItely on Its content so that each Dlstnct Cens~s Handbook cont.alned certaln baslC econOIlllC data for the smallest adllllnistratJVe unlt In the dlSlnct and be a usefUl reference book fat scholars and otheJ ddta users. After the 1Q71 Census as well the senes of DlstI'lct Census Handbook was contInu·ed. The publwat;JOn of the 1971 Census Handbl){)k~ was In three parts, VIZ; Part-A, Palt-B, Part-O; Part-A relating to VIllage and Town Dlrectmy, Part-B relatmg to VIllage and TowIlIwise PrImary Census Abstract' and Pal t-c compllsmg DIstrict Tablcs and certaIn adlnlnlstratlve statIstlCal tahles The tradit!ion 'of bringIng Ollt the CenSlls Handbook has ].een contmued by the State Government dUrIng the 1981 Oensu,; also. In this serIes SOIne llldIVldual featnles beSH1es restructuring the formals of the 'hllvge Directory have been adopted bearm..,. in mind the nat.ional requirements of dUita for t11e soC1o-economic programmes of th~ Governm,ent· The comparability of data with the 1971 Census data has also been kept in view. The present Oenslls Handbook wil] be published in two part", viz; Parl,-A-Vi11age f'nd Town Directory and P a rt-B-Vi11age and Townwise Primary (lensus Abstract 12-J-IA 4 SCOPE OF VILLAGE DIRECTORY AND TOWN DIRECTORY STATEMENTS. The DIstrict Census Handbooks are the only publicatIOns which mcorporate the data down to the level of a VIllage and level of a town whlch are constantly referred to by the data users. The VIllage DIrectory Statement gives the list of VIllages bytaluk and for each VIllage the area, number of households and populatIOn, avaIlabIlIty of amenItIes and land use. The Informa tion cn amenItIeS available in the VIllage Illcludes educational, medical, dnnkmg water, post and telegraph, ma:rket, raIl/road or other communication faCIlIties and power supply. Land use IS shown as area under forests, irngatlOn, unlfngatcd land, cultIvable waste and area not available for cultivatlOn. Appendix I gIves for each taluk the number of vIllages haVlDg vanous levels and types of educational InstltutIOns such as middle schools, adult lIteracy centres, etc., various types of medical InstItutIOns such as dlspensanes, pnmary health centres, etc., and the number of such InstitutIons, vanouS types of dnnkmg water sources such as taps, tubewell, etc., post and tele graph offices, power supply, raIlway statIons, bus stops, etc., and also the number of VIllages not haVIng such amemtIes. Appendix II gives for each non-munIcIpal town (census towns) the area under forest, irrigated and uDlrngated land. cultIvable waste and area not avaJlable for cultIvatIOn. AppendIX III gives the 11st of VIllages where no educational, medical and public health facilities, etc., are avada ble. AppendiX IV gives the list of villages WIth the proportIOn of Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe populatJOn to the total populatIOn in various ranges of proportion. Part-A of the Appendix ~ves the VIllages according to the proportIOn of Scheduled Caste popuhttIon and Part-B according to proportion of Scheduled Tribe populatIOn. Information]s presented by the ranges 0-5 per cent, 6-10 per cent, 11-15 per cent, 16-20 per cent, 21-30 per cent and 31 per cent and abo"e for Scheduled castes and 0-5 per cent, 6-15 per cent, 16-25 per cent, 26-35 per cent, 36-50 per cent and 51 per cent and above for Scheduled Tribes. The Town Directory gives important and useful information lIke civIc and other amenities available III all the towns in the dIstrict, statutorily notIfied as well as non-muDlcipal and census towns. The detads relatmg to each of the towns have been presented in seven statements, viz; statements I to VI and IV-A. In all the statements except IV-A, the towns are zrranged in the alphabetical order for the district. The Town DIrectory does not cover strictly milItary areas. It may, however. covce cantonment areas but not s~ri_ctly military areas or military establishments within the cantonment areas. However, baSIC statIstIcs of the cantonment as a whole have been provided. In the Town Directory, codes have been gIven for the data on amemties and civic adm;nis tration for want of space. The relevant explanatlOns for the codes adopted have been given in the beginning of the Town Directory statements. An Urban Agglomelation includes two or more independent census towns. The names of the Towns/Urban Agglomerations have been arranged in the alphabetical order. The particulars of the mdivtdual town which constItutes one of the umts of agglomeration have not been furnished separately because the partIculars have been furnj~hed, where the), occur together under the name of agglomeratIOn. The following remarks have been given agamst sllch town in brackets . .. (See the name of the main town of the agglomeration)" By adoption of this method the reader can get an idea of the particulus of the Urban Agglomera.tion in total and also severally. Statement I-Status and Growth History.-Trus statement provides some baSIC data based on the Primary Census Abstract. For analysing the Town Directory data at State level and all India level, some new columns have been introduced in 1981. The new items are class of to"\\D. area number of households, popUlatIon and growth rate for each census since 1901, density in 198I' and sex ratio in 1961,1971 and 1981 Censuses are also provided in this statt-mt-nt. For size class of town the following population norm s as per 1981 Census llave been adopted.,,, Population. Class. 100,000 and above J 50,000 - 99,999 II 20,000 - 49,999 111 10,000 -19,999 IV 5,000 - 9,999 V belOW 5,000 VI s Location Code Number of Towns.-To distinguish thetown from the village, the location code numbers for towns have been given in Roman numerals and these numbers have been assigned in a continuous order for the e.ll.ire district. Statement II-Physical Aspects and Location of Towns, 1979.- Under phYSIcal aspect~, annual rainfall and temperature figures are furnished. These particulars were obtamed from the Conun,s sioner of Statlst'cs, Madras. If the information IS not avaIlable for any p".rticuJar town, the nearest town for wluch it is avaIlable is gIven. For column (9), the nearest city WIth populatIon of one lakb and more IS furnished according to 1981 Census. For the other columJls, figures ohamed from the MunIcipal CommIssioners and Panchayat Umon CommIssIoners are given. The 'Zero' withm brackets in columns (10) and (11) denotes that the referrent town Itself IS enjoying rad/road transport facIlltiC'~. Statement III-Municipal Finance, 1978-79.-The CIvic admimstratlOn status of the town. the rec..:ipt through tax, properties and powers, government grants, loans, advances and other sources and the expenditure on general admimstratlOn, publ'c safety, publIc health, public works, pubhc instItut;ons and other publIc serVIces are gIVen In thIS statement. The sources of receipt and expendIture are frunished m terms of rupees In hundreds. Statement IV-Civic and Other Amemties, 1979.-The CIVIC and other amcllIties existing in the to'Wns as In 1979 are given. The data were obtamed from the MUlllClpal CommIssioners and Panchayat Union CommIssioners of the concerned towns. Col. 3-Clvic Administration Status.-It is a ncw column introduced III thiS statement to facIlitate analysis Col. 4-Pop-l/a tion.--It IS also a new column introduced in this statement to measure the amenItIes III re3pect of population. Col. 5-Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe Populatioll.-It IS mtroduced to know the size 'of populatIon of the weaker sections of the community in the town. ElectrijicatiJn.-Electnficatlon particulars were obtained from the Tarml Nadu Electncity Board through thc MUUlclpal Commissioners and Panchayat Ullion CommIssIOners. (i) Domestic ~onnection.s:.-~hIs refers to the number of scrvices given to houses for domestic purposes lIke fans, lIghtIng, etc. (ii) Industrial connections.-This refers to the number of services effected to L.T. Industries such as workshops, flour mills, oil mills, grmdmg machines, cotton ginnmg, enginecnng industnes, etc. (Iii) Commercial connections.-Thls refers to the services given to shops, busineBo, houses public lllstitutions lIke offices and schools and commercial establishments. (v) Road lighting points.-This. refers to the number of points .of street lIghts which ""Ill be maintained by the Board and for whIch consumption charges wIll be paId to the Board by res pective local bodies. For some town panchayats, the number of services effected alone has been furnished under street lights and not the points. (v) Other cOllnectlons.-This refers to the number of services effected for agncultural purposes, huts, pubhc water supply systems, cottage mdustnes, etc. Statement lV-A - Civic and Other Amenities in Not(fied Slums, 1979.-Tlus is a new statement on civic and other amenitIes in notIfied or recognised slums of class I and II towns. Generally, m cities or towns having slums, the local authOrIty such as Municipality or Mumcipal Corporation or even the development authority notified the recogni~ed slums. Such notIfication is bnked up with the availabihty of funds from the State Government for slum clearance. Name of the slum and the det~ils of the area, population, length of the paved roads, system of sewerage, number of different types of latrines and method of disposal of night soil, etc., are given in this statement. , Statement V-Medical, Educational, RecreatIOnal and Cultllral FaCIlities, 1979.-In this statement, medical educational, recreational and cultural facilities of the to""ns as III 1979 are furnIshed. The da.ia for educational and medical facIhties were obtained from the Municipal Commissioners and Panchilyat Union Commissioners for the concerned towns, and from the Director of Secondary Education and· Director of Public Health respectively. 6 Col. 10-Rccogfilsed shorthand, tYpewriting and other vocational training iIlStitUtio~. The term' recognised' refers to institutes recognised by some statutory authority like EducatlOn Department, Commerce Department, Labour Department, etc., of the Government or by seml Government or autonomous bodies, public sector proJects, etc. Cinemas rflfer only to the permanent cmema theatres and do not inc1ude tourmg cmemas. Col. 16-Number oj working womens' hoStel with number of SealS.-Tlus is a new CO]Uilln introducted in this statement in 19~i. Considermg the increasing employment of women in urban areas, the housing needs of working women has been an important problem. Statement VI-Trade, Commerce, industry and Banking, ] 979. In this statement, trade,. commerce, industry and banking facilities in the town as III ] 979 are furnished. BankJDg particulars. were obtained from the Reserve Bank of India. The infonnatlOn on number of agricultural and non -agricultural credit societies were collected from the Registrar of Co-oper? tive SocietIes through the l\.1unicipal CommIssioners and Panchayat Union Commissioners of the concerned towns. SCOPE OF PRIMARY CENSUS ABSTRACT. The Primary Census Abstract, as it IS called, presents basic data for each vIllage or segment of a village (in cases where such village segments form different panchayats) in the" .. Villag(,'Wlse Primary Census Abstract" and for each Ward/DiVISIon of a town III the "Urban Pnmary Census Abstract". The format of the Pnm.ary Census Abstract for the vIllages and towns m 1981 has been slightly modIfied as compared to the 1971 Pnmary Census Abstract. The Pnmary Census Abstract gives such baSIC information as area in hectares! sq.km., occupied reSIdentIal houses, number of households, total populatIOn, Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe population, literates, maIn workers, division of main workers into cultivators, agricultural labourers, workers In household industry and other workers, margInal workers and non-workers in respect of each unit. The Urban/VIllage Pnmary Census Abstract gIves this information for each village and each urban ward. WIth a view to ensure comparabllity and to enable data users to derive the figures eIther for a revenue village or panchayat accordIng to theIr requIrements, the data are presented for segments of vIllages also. Wherever portIOns of one VIllage happen to be In two or more panchayats, the segment-wIse data have to be used separately or added WIth some other segment data so as to denve panchayat data. For example, if portIOn of a revenue vJllage beaTIng L.C. No. 10 forms part of two panchayats, the figures are given separately for each portion of the vlliage agamst L C. No. 10 alb and 10 bib. The LOtal figures for the entue revenue vJllage can be arrived at by adding the figure given agamst both the segments, viz, 10 alb and 10 b/b given In the Vdlage Prtmary Census Abstract. If, Instead, the panchayat figures are reqUIred, the data for the concerned VIllage segment or segments relatlllg to the panchayats concerned, are to be added up to arnve at the total figures for the respectIve panchayat. An appendix presented in the case of the Urban Pnmary Census Abstract gIves 1981 popula tion Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tnbe populatIon for each enumerator block of the town. Thl; is meant for the use of adminIstratIVe and electIon authorities III urban areas. Such data are also required by urban planners and researchers for conductlng other studies in selected blocks_ Mode of Presentation.-The consohdated figures for the distrIct and each taluk are gIven in the begmnlng for total, rural and urban areas under the captIOn' DIstTIct Pnmary Census Abstract'. An alphabetical lIst of revenue VIllages IS then given along With the Census Location Code Numbers of 1981 census followed by the Villagcwlse Primary Census Abstract. In the foot note given at the end of the VlllageWlse Primary Census Abstract, the Vlllag~ included in Muni CipalIties or Census towns are Indicated. Then, follows the Urban BlockWlse Primary CensuS' Abstract. In an appendIX to the urban Blockwise Primary Census Abstract, the population and Scheduled Cafotc/Scheduled Tnbe figures for each Enumerator's Block of a town are given_ Maps.-Apart from the District Map gIven as tTontisplece, map for each tatuk l!IhOWfJJ:g the Village numbers along with theIr bound.aries have also been included at the appropriate places. As compared with the maps presented In 1971 District Census Handbook, several improvements have been effected in the maps presented in this volume. All towns are shown in the district ".Dd taluk maps With shadiDg screens and also spheres accqrding to the population siZe of town8~. 7 Area Figures.-In the DIstrict Primary Cen~us Abstract, the area figures are given in square kilometres for total, rural and urban areas. In the VIllagewIse Primary Census Abstract, the area figures for each LocatlOn Code Unit are gIven ill hectares up to two decimals. The area figures for each town in sq. km. is also gIven at the end of the Urban Blockwise Primary Census Abstract. In the DIstrict Primary Census Abstract, the area figures of the dlstnct total represent the "GeographIcal Area" figures supplted by the Surveyor-General of India. FIgures for Urban areas and VIllages are those supplIed by the local bodies and revenue authOrItIes. The urban area of a dlstnct has been arrived at by addmg the urban area figllTes of each taluk wlthm the dIstrict. Area figures for the rural areas of dlstnct/taiuk are denved by substractJDg the urban area figu res from the total area of the dlstnct/taluk. The total area figures of the taluks wIll not tally with the distnct figures because the taluk area figures represent the' Land Use ' area and are deri ved from the figures supplIed by the Tamil Nadu Directorate of Survey and Land Records, willIe those of the dlstncts represent " Geographical Area" suppited by the Surveyor-General of India. The total of the VIllage areas given in the Vlllagewise Pnmary Census Abstract may not tally with the rural area of the taluk glVen 111 th'! Dls'_nct Primary Census Abstract as the taluk area figures taken mto account hIlls, forests, fivers, etc., whereas the Village area may not lllclude the same- For converSIOn, the rallO IS 100 hec~ares=l sq. km. It IS hoped that the pattern of presentatlOn of baSIC Census partIculars for each dlstnct as .i.pIamed above and adopted lD tlus volume would be found convenIent by data users. 8 THANJAVUR DISTRICT-AN OUTLINE. Intrt>duction.-Thanjavur district stands unique from time immemorial for its agriculturd ac IVltJes and nghtly acclaImed as • the Granary of the South IndIa'. Lymg in the deltaic region of h~ famous rIver Cauvery and criss-crossed by lengthy net work of un gat ion canals, this coastal dlscnct abounds In green paddy fields, tall coconut groves, vast gardens of mango and plantain tre:o:s and oth~r verdant vegetatIOns. Vanous testImonIes avaIlable In the ancIent Tamil literature refernng to the Cauvery as possessIllg the sanctity of the Ganges In conformity wIth the legendry an:! my·h::>!oglc:l.1 stones attnbuted to It's dlvllle origm, rightly point out why the river is popularly c:tllLj the' Mother Cauvery' and It's sacredness is eVident from' KavIH-Thala-Puranam '. The river has also been named' Ponnl ' because It IS Yleldmg • Pon '-Gold lD the form of paddy. That IS why It is saId wIth prIde that every IOta of the earth of Thanjavur IS equal to an IOta of g0ld. Th<;: tilleIs III Tamil literature h~ve bee-n rightly called as 'Kavlrippudhalvars '-the sons of the Cauvery, as they alone are worthy of thiS title for the nch production of grams In thiS ferttle soIl. It is no wonder therefore that at the very threshold of the dlstnct Itself, one can feel the dlstmg uish g:een vegetatIOn and call Thanjavur as 'the green mansion' of the South. With an average annual rice Yield touching 2233 lakh<; metnc tonnes during 1981-82 or roughly about one-third of the total nce Yield of Tamil Nadu, the dlstnct tops all the other districts of India In the produc tIon of £Ice and remarked as 'the rice bowl of India'. The economy of the dIstTIct IS, therefore, pnmanly agrarian in nature With very few mdustrial umts. ThanJuvur IS conspicuous among all the eight coastal dIstricts of TamIl Nadu in the produc hon of manne fi~h which account for about 30 per cent of the total manne fish catch of the State. The: dlstnct is famous for i~'s exqUisite anCIent handICrafts-the making of bronzt: icons, Thanjavur art plates, bell-metal castings, bowls, n:lpkin and powder boxes of metal With beautIful and artIs tIc In-l yJng and engravlllg work of motIfs well-known as 'TaDJore swamI work'. It is equally well-known for pith-work, ornamental fans, mats and maktng of mUSIcal lllstruments of jack wood. It IS also a flourishing centre of handloom silk and cotton saris. The' Kattadi ' s1lk sans of Koranad are renowned and in demand throughout the State. ThanJavur altaIn~d prominence under the Chola rulers who were paramount in South IndIa dUling 9th to 12th c~ntunes They were not only excellent rulers but also mighty builders, who erected a large number of exquisIte temples in theLT empire, some of which constItute the fin~!'t s.p~clmens of architecture. Hence, the dlstnct stands dlstmgUlshed lD the State eVEn lD Its large numbpr of temples, whose legends ext.:nd deep Into early histonc times. M,ny of these temples reflee: !h~ power, gellIus and archItectural grandeour of their authors displaymg ihe unique and magulfic.ent profiCiency In sculpture, pam;ing and wood carving. Art gallery, the great Sera sw.. ;hl Mahal library, the' Sangcelba Mahal' (hall of mUSIC), the thnvmg of cIas!'ical mUSIC dnd danee known as ' Bharalh:.natYlim' and the celebration of a grand annual musIc fcshvsl at rhlTuvalyaru, In honour of th.;: great Samt Thtagaraja, 2.11 bear testimony to the cultural hellt2.ge_ Thc penod of Chola KIngs was not only considered as epoch-makmg but also an era of the cult1ual renals"anee. Th2nJavur under the Chola rulers was the cradle of Tamil culture. LItera tlln3 and Clvlhsahon and the rare Tamil manuscripts in the Thanjavur lIbrary corroborate tlus fact. Another nota ble feature IS that In spite of several ahen IllvaSJOns, on slaughts and infer necme confltcts, the anCient culture and clvlhsahon have not suffered much devastation. The Inhabitants have successfully concentrated theIr hlstnonic talents in the field of art, hterature. dra,n3., musIc and dancmg and are known fOT theIr rich cultural and rcl!glOus fervour. Th~y live In close h3.rmony as a well knit community and the three main religiOUS groups, VIZ., Hindus, MU5hms and Chllsilans, cele:brate theIr fairs and festtvals with a sense of mutual respect. The famous 'darga' at Nagore and the CatholIc church of 'Our Lady of Health' at Velankanro are said to confer bleSSings on alllrr spechve of caste or creed and arc held In great v(;neration by the p~ople of all faiths alike. On festive occasions., the Hindu devotees out-number all other particI pants In the shrines belongIng to other rehgiOns. Similarly in the caSe of some Hindu festivals the temples are thronged by a substantial number of persons belongIflg to other religious group as well, who have a staunch faIth and come in full reverence to pay homagc to the preSIdIng deitIes. HIstory of the district, us formation andJurisdic tiona I chgnges.-Accordrng to the known history d:1~Ing back to Sangam age, the Cholas ruled over TbanJavur for about one thousand years. It was here that plans were formulated to extend the Chola supremacy by spreading their glory from Kanntvakumari III the South to Himalayas III the North. They also under their patronage culti vated fine arts, erected temples, cons!ructed anicuts, bUIlt ports and cItIes. Among the Chola KIllgs who found place In the Sangam lIterature, Karikala and Koecengan were the most prominent. The name 'Kankala' which In Tamil refers to a man with charred leg, was derived by thIs KIllg from a fire accident. He was assailed, Imprisoned and depnved of his b'rth right by hiS enemIeS. He, however, managed to regain the throne and in the great battle at Venni he defeated Pandya and Chera rulers and secured for himself the hegemony over them. He crushed both the internal and external opposition and became complete master of his country. He renovated the capital of Uraiyur, built up the renowened port of Puhar (Kaverippoompatti nam) and patromsed h beral arts and letters. Karikala was succeeded by two rival kings--Nalan gilli and Nedungilb who ruled from Puhar and Uralyur respectively. The next Chola King Killi 'YIllavan from Uralyur was a brave and able warrior. besides a patron of letters. Of the Chola of later Sangam age, Koccengan was more brIlliant and illustrious in'both war and peace. He showed equal zeal for both Saivlsm and Vaishnavism, built numerous saivite temples including the famous lambukeswara Temple at Tirunaralyur. After a bnef set back in the Chola regime between the third century to ninth century A.D.• the Chalas became the mIghty race of rulers. Once again VIJayalaya (850-870), the founder of the new Chola dynasty, drove away the Muttaralya ChIeftains from Thanjavur and assIsted the Pallava Kmg to stem the tide ofthc Pandiyan ovcrlordship. HIS son Aditya I (811-901) soon over threw the Palla va KlDg, Aparajlta and expelled him from rus terntory. After conquering the Kongu country and Pandyas, he further expanded his kingdom. He was an ardent saivite like Ilis father and built temples along thc banks of Cauvery from Sahy::dn to the sea. Parantaka I (907-955) was more powerful and under hlS rule Cholas acqwred a dommlOn whlch foreshadowed the great empHes of RajaraF and Kulottunga. Wlth the rISe of RajaraJa I (985-1014), the days dawned to bnng about new and bnlhant chapter In the lustory of Cholas. Both In war and peace Rajaraja and hIS son Rajendra proved themselves as the most outstandIng personalIties of their time. REFraj2. conq:J.ered KeraIa (Cherz coun.ry), the whole of ,he Pandy., country:::nd Mala] Dadu (Coorg.) and extended h,s dommlOn. He also Invaded Ceylon and destroyed Anur;::dha pura, Its capItal He was also a great s~atesman and adminIstrator and endeavoured lus best to establIsh his empire on a firm foo!tng He: built thc most magnIficent :cmpk of RUFrajeswara at Thanj2.vur, the finest speCImen of TamIl archItecture. RajarajR w.~s succeeded by lus son Rajendra I (1014-1044) He had the advantage of posseSSIng an Cmpire whleh h:3.d already been orgarused on sound hnes. He seta bout at once :0 improve Its orw.lllsation and Increase Its glory. He undertook expedItion to north In search of the Ganges and a<;sumed the tItle of "Gcngai konda Cho]an". HIS most gloTious expedItion was that to Kadaram wluch shows the great naval strength of the Cholas. Rajendra I was succeeded by four rulers Ru]ad}uraja, Rajendra II. Virarajendra and Adlrajendra, all of whom admist much storm and stress dId their best to preserve intact theIr vast empire. Adnajendra's r'-'1gn was bnef and It became weak in his time and later the KIllgdom passed on to the Eastern Chalukyan Rajendra Kulottunga (1070-1120) was a remarkablc personahty. He was more a statesman than a warn or From 1120 to 1163, three Chola Kings, VIZ., Vikrama Chola (1120-1135), Kulottunga II (1 136-1150) and Rajaraja II (1151- 11(3), succeeded Kulottunga I and under all these rulers no wars or Invdsions dIstracted the country. During the regions of Rajaraja III (1216-1246) and RaJendn: III (1247-1279), the Pandyas in the south and Hoysalas In the north monopolIsed all the power. By the begmnmg ofthf 13th cen tury, the Chola dynasty became extinct and It gave way (0 Pandayan supremacy. The Pandiyan regime was ShOll lived. \Vhen the Pc.ndyan Kmgdom was 1n the thrones of ciVIl war, the mushm ruler Ala-Ud-DIn Khiljl, the Sultan of Deihl, took "dvantage ofi~ and over powered the Pandlyas. Thanjavur then came under the mushm rulers Muslim domination con:inued tIll the nllddle of the 14th century when Vl.1aY2.nag Attempts were then made bytbe Nayaks of Madural and the Sul1:>n of B1JuPltI ;0 c~lpture Thanjavur. The Maratias also came to ThaDJavlJr 111 the later h;;.lf of ,he 17;h cenlury Ekogt became the first Maratta ruler of Thanjavur (1676-1683). The Marattas ruled ThanJavur for some time but becama later vassals of the Mughal Governor of Karnataka. Subsequ~ntly there were hostilitieS between the Areot Nawab and the Maratta ruler of Thanjavur. The French and English also began interfering In the mternal affairs of South India. The suprem3CY cfthc EnO"lish "as later establIshed. Sarabojl IT, the adopted son of TuIJaji, was made King of Th::ll1ia~r In 1'198, after agreemg with all the condItIons J:::id down by the British Govcrnment A pact was s~d between the l\1aratta ruler and th.... Engbsh, by virtue of whIch the status of the Raja was reduced to a mere vassal. 12-1-2 10 The administration of Thanjavur was given OVer to .English fully under the Treaty of 179'. The ruler of the Thanjavur was allowed to retain the fort of Thanjavur only with limited powers of administration. When the ruler died in 1841 Without belr, the Thanjavur fort was also annexed by the Bntish and 1t became part of the then Madras. Thanjavur remruned under the British until 1947 when IndIa attained freedom. ThanJavur dIstrict had 11 taluks in 1951 whIch subsequently increased to 12 and then to 13 during 1961 and 1971 respectively. During 1981 Census, however, the dIstrict compnsed of 16 taluks. ThE Inler-district jUTlSdlc.lonal cb2.nges was effecteVallam firka in ThanJavur taluk (to Gandarvakottai firka in Pudukkottai taluk); (IV) Twenty ~hree revenue vIllages in Kecramangalam firka In Pattukkottai taluk (as a separate revenue firka calkd Keeramangalam in AlangudJ. taluk); (v) Seve'n revenue vIllages 1D Perumagalur firka in Pattukkottal taluJe (to Arasarkulam firka In Arantangi taluk). The oth'Jr change WdS upgrading of independent and dependent sub-taluks Into full-fledged maID taluks. The dependent gU b-taluk of Truru varur was upgraded IDto a m&in taluk WIth effect from 20th March 1975. The upgraded taluk consists of Truruvarur, Kdvelur and KUnniyar fukas WIth h~adquarters at Thlruvarur. On the saId date, PeravuranI, an Independent sub-taluk was upgraded mtO::i full-fledged taluk BeSIdes, ~he following three dependent sub-talub had been upg;-aded d.S full-fiedged mam taluks With effect from 4th July 1979 . (a) Tuuvloallnarudur In Kumbakonam taIuk; (b) ThiruVaIY..lru 1D Thanjavur taluk; and (c) Vedaranniyam in Tirutturaipundi taluk. The dIstnct at present stands diVIded into the following six revenue diVIsions and 16taluks:- Serial Name of Revenue Name of Ta/uk. number. Division. 1 ThanjaVllr (i) Thanjavur (Ii) Orattanadu (m) Thiruvaiyaru 2 Kumbakonam (I) Kumbakonam (ii) TJruvidalmarudur (Iii) Papana.sam Mannargudl (1) Mannargudi (11) Tirutturalppundi (iii) Vedaranruyam 4 Nagappattmam (1) Nagappaltinam (Ii) Nannllam (Iii) Thlruvarur 5 Mayuram (1) Mayuram (Ii) Slrkazhi 6 Pattukkottai (1) Pattukkottai (it) Peravurani The district represents 20 Assembly constituencies of whIch five are reserved for SchedUled Castes There is, .however, no .re.served constituency for .schcd~led Tri?es. There are fhree Parliamentary consutuencles conSIstIng of 18 Assembly const~tuenCles of which one Parliamentary constituency is reserved for Scheduled Castes. The remaInIng two ASsembly constituencies are attached to Pudukkottai Parhamentary constItuency of Pudukkoj tal dlstnct. Dwing 1981 Census the district compnsed of eight municipaht~es, twenty fo.ur towns and 1 ,763 v~llages (1,728 inhabited and 35 uninhablced). Tlrubuvanam which was classIfied as a town dUrIng 1981 is one amOlift the twenty four towns. 11 Physicaljeatures.-The ThaDJavur district, wIth vast expanse of rice fields ~nd fnnt g •. rdens. is one of the coastal dIstncts of T£mll Nadu lymg 185' above mean sea-Ievelmbet",een 9".50' to 11 0 .50' northern latitude ano 78 c .45' to 79°.50' e ... stern 10ngtJtl.oe. It extcD<.}eS;O 2n area of 8,280•0 sq. kms. bounded OD the north by South Arcot and TIruchchlrappalh dlstncts of which the latter surrounds the western border also. It IS flanked on tbe soutb by the distuct ot Pudukkottal and the Palk Strait while on the east IS the Bay of Bcngal. It has a coastal hne of about 216 kms. dIVIded Illto two sections-one extendmg from the mouth of river Coleroon to POlntCahmere and the other from POInt Cahmere bordenng thePalkStr:ill. The erstwhlleFrench Pocket, Karru.kkal, IS sItuated In the nuddle of the coastal line between the:; Coleroon and Point Caltmere. The coastilne has a number of harbours of which mention may be made of Nagore, Point Clllimere, Nagappattmam and Tranqu(;bar. The district can be divided IDto three dIstInct divisios. VIZ., the deltaic region. the upland area or non-deltaIc regi,on and the salt swamp. The deltaIC region covers the whole northern and eastern portions of the distnct where the Cauvery with its wide network of branches irrigates more than half of the dlstnct. It comprIses the whole of Kumbakonarn, Mayuram, Slrkazhi and Nannilam taluks and parts ot ThanJavuT, P!:'panasam, T1Tuvarur , Mannargudt, TlTUtturaip pundt and Nagappatunam taluks. Tlns entIre a:tea of vast fiat aUuvlal plaID of unendmg paddy fieldS, interspersed WIth rich groves of mango, coconut and other trees, slop<:s gently towards the Ilea. Here are to be found neither hills nor lnllocks, save the ndges ot blown sand WhICh fringe: the narrow strip of beach along the sea coast. The rest of the southern and western areas of the district are non-deltaic or upland regIOns. A good portIOn of upland regions which was dry has now been brought under irrigation WIth the help of Grand Arucut Canal, fed by the Cauvery ~ttW' Project and by extenSIon of the Vadavar river. Non-deitaic regIon IS also devoid of ,hills and slopes gradually seawards_ Vedaranniyarn salt swamp forms the third great natural . difiiion of this district. It rullS' along the 008st from Point Catimere for about 48 kms. and is ... a.b0Ut "·to g kms. wide. Thil> is .he l()Dgest swamp of its kind in the State. It is filled by tlrO , perlOdieal high tides during the fullmoon of m()nths, May atlld June and retains sea water to a -depth of two feet over a 'considerable area enclosed by low eanhen banks, which when closed , preVQllt the' water ,from' flowing back Into the sea after the tide recedes. It is In this manner the ~IlIcnown. Vederaaniyam spontaneous salt is prooueed. The, S()il of 'the district can be classified in four categories-the allUVIal, the regar {black: serieS); the red ferruginous and the arenaceo~s. The soil of the delta IS entirely alluvial but varies greatly in quality. The best of It IS found w the western part of the district and the quabty gradually recedes as we advance towards east. The nch scil is also , found in the north and the south oftbe railway hne between Mayuram and Thirutburarppundi The worst land tn the delta IS to be found in the Tlrutturaippundl and N~gappattIllem taIuk; where the soil is sabne and arenaceous and drainage IS very defectIVe. Tlus land is m stnking contrast to the richlands near Thiruvaiyaru wluchare known as • the breast of Thal1_Javur·. Along the banks of rivers In ThanJavur, Kumbakonam and Papanasam taluks, nre to be found the strips of very rich padugai lands. The upland tracts of the dlstnct consIst of red ferruglDcus soil. The red soils are equally fertile if well irrigated. Towards the sea-coast in the Pattukkottal aDd Arantangt taluks, the soll is arenaceous. The most remarkable feature of Thanjavur dlstnct I s the river Cauyery and it's tributaries. The bounteous Cauvery IS conSidered to be the best of the rIvers that drain the Southern peninsula of Indta. It flows through Mysore, DharmapuTl, Salem, Perlyar, Tlruchcrurappalh and TbanjaVlU', covenng a dIstance of about 770 kms, dralllIllg an area of about 72,800 sq. km[;. In all. Spnnging from a spot Iylllg on Br~ham Gm mountam of western ghat at a beJght of 1,320 metres ~ bove sea level, It meanders It'S way across Karnataka and Tamil Nadu not only showenng economic prospenty on millIons of people but also has carved a ntche tOT It&elf In theIr lIves. Jfl the hIstorical cultural and religIOUS realms. ' Emerging as a small rivulet from the Coorg mountams, the river Cauvery expands T~pildl increasing In volume as hundreds of streams and n vulets merge WIth It wluch are mostly ted oi the heavy _rainfall ?fthlO South-West monsoon. Afte_r Sivasamudram Falls in Mysore, the C2uvery meanders Its way III between two hills 2:t;Id enters Into. TamJi Nadu. 'I.'he river Cauvery again forms beautiful w"terfall~ at Hoganekalln Dharmapun. Three mlDO), tributaries, the Palar, tile ChInnu and the ThOPPIar, enter the Cauvery on her ,;curse shove MetlUr. wher(' rhe C"mous -dam bas been constructed. The MeHur DamJOlns the SIta and Pala mountams beyund that valley 'throug. which the Cauvery flows,. upto .the Grand Amcut, The Dam IV Salem Impounds water .not only for th~ Improvement oflrngat!on but also to e_nsure the ugular and sufficient supply -of water to the Important Hydro-Electnc generatIDg statIOn at Mettur. The river further runs lt~ PeriyaT dIstrict where river Bhavaru merges with it. While passing through Erode it "i9' by two :more tributaries, the Noyyal and the Amaravathi ,before rea ching-TlTuchchi:rappalr -diattiet. Here the river become-s wide, with a sandy bed, and flows in an easternly direction t·li it-splits illt1) two at Upper A.nieut, about 14 kms. west ofTiruchchirappalIi. The northern bran::h 12-1-2A 12 of the river is c~_lIed the Coleroon while the ~outbern ~ranch retaIns the same na~". Cauvery and then goe£ dIrectly eastwards Into the Thanj3 vur dlstnct. Some 16 kms. below Tlruchchirap palli the two rivers agalD join to form the Srirangam Island. Kanka has been immortah~d as the King who has constructed the bund for the Cauvery, all the way from Puhar (Kavirippoompattinam) to Snrangam upstream It was buIlt as far back as 1,600 years a go or even more. On both sIdes of the nver are found walls spreading to a distanoc of 1,080 f"cL The dam whIch is a superb work of t'ngln<:ering was constructed with the earth and stone and has stood 1he vz.gancs of nature for hundreds of yf~rs. In 19th Centuray, it was renovated on a bIgger scale The name of thiS Iustoncal dam has since been changed tc • Grand AnlCut' and stands as the head of the great Irngation system In the ThanJavur distrlCt. From thIS point the 'Coleroon runs north-east and discharges herself Into the sea at Devakottal, a little south of porto-Novo. From river Coleroon, Manniar, Palavar and Uppanal branch off at Lower Anicut and Irrigates SlTkazhl taluk. After Grand Anicut, the Cauvery divides Into numerous branches and covers the whole of the delta with a vast Det work of JrTIgatlOD channels and gets lost in the wide expanse of paddy fields. The mighty Cauvery river is now reduced to an Insigni ficant channel and falls into the Bay of Bengal at the hIstorical place of Poompuhar (Kavjrippoom_ l'attinam). about 13 kms. north of Tranquebar. The river Cauvery reaches the entire district 10 different names through its tributaries and branches vlz.,Grand Anicut canal. Vennar, Panaiyar Kocaiyar, Vettar, Kudamurittiyar, Tluru~alairajaDar, Arasalar, Mudikondan. Veerasozlta_ and Vikkaramanar and all these branch oiflnto a number of lOmall streams. Among the various names by which the holy Cauvery is known during this course, the IDost popular in Ta.mil Nadu is 'Mothor Cauvery' duo to the high sanctity attached to it. It IS worshipped by the people irrespective of caste. creed or religion during Maha Magr.m festival celeba.rta1 at Kumbakonam.The pilgicimsafter a bath in the Maha Magam tank proceedfor a holy dipinCa..~ which is believed to purge off all sins. In the Tamil Month of Adi (Iuly-August) on the 18t1t -day, the poeple throng the banks of tbo river for II holy bath and pray the Mother Cauvery fo.rtlloir prospt'rity. In the Tamil m'mth of Ayppasi (October-November), thousands of devotees :part~ in a festival calIec1 'Kuda. Muzhukku' celebrated on the banks of river Cauvery at Mayu:ram. 01 the islands and islets cro.t6d by the Callvery havo also carned fame as either sacred reli8iovs centres of beautiful scenic spots, provic1inc the much needed respite and mental solpcc 'to urbanites. Climate and Rainfall.-Like most other coutal areas, the climates of Th&uJavuc can be tecDlod fairly healthy According to the temperature recorded at the obeserW\tories ofVeda.ranniY3m, Atiram pattmam and Na.gappa.ttinam,the actual mean ma.ximum temperature recorded dUring the year June 1979 to May 1980 was 38.2°CduringthemonthofJune 1979 at Atiramapattinam against the nor mal mean maximum whlch stood at 33.rC only. Similarly the actual mean minimum temperature during the same year was recorded by the same observatory, during the mODth of January 1980 at 20 1°C again'lt the normal mean minimum temperature of 20.9°e. In case of hUmidity data the ma"ltllnUm in the sa.id period was recorded during the month of November 1979 at 91 per ce;"t at 8.30 hours. at Vedaranmyam. Another fact notIced from the data IS that maximum temperature rarely cros<;es 38.2DC whlie the mini~um temperat.Ul:e seldom falls below 20.0DC. It would be quite interesting to know the aw;rage maXlmUm and mlUlmum temperatures worked out on the basis of the records of the past thirty years in these three observatorIes. Temperature in 'C' Name of observatory. r- Maximum. Minimum. (1) (2) (3) Vedaranniyam 32.4 24.4 Atirampattinam 32.1 24.2 Nagappattmam 31.9 25.2 November, January and February are the months in the year with a pleas ....nt climate full of warm days and cool nights. From M!lrc~ onwards, the climate rather becomes sultry and the mercury records anupward trend reaching Its peak by the c~ose of May or J~ne. Summer rains hardly affect the temperature. The north-east monsoon m October does brmg some relief. The south-west monsoon set~ In June .and continues till September. Ihe rainfall during this period is much lower than the ratnfall dU!"lng th~ n A comprehensive statement showing the monthwise rainfall m m.m. in Tbanjavur d.istrt during the period ] 979-80 is given below :- Ct Normal Actual Percentage Name of the month and rainfall.* rainfall. departure year. from normal. (1) (2) (3) (4) June 1979 34.2 24.3 July 1979 47.2 70.2 August 1979 97.5 100.9 September ]979 109.8 204.6 Tot<' I of the South-West 288.7 400.0 + 38.6 monsoon. October 1979 203.1 179.4 November 1979 309.4 462.1 December 1979 168.1 152.8 Total of North-East mO_OOD. 680.6 794.3 + 16.7 January 1980 65.7 0.7 February 1980 19.1 Total of Winter monsoon 84.8 0.7 99.2 March 1980 20.2 1.0 April 1980 38.9 31.0 May 1980 54.9 21.2 rJ Total of Summer monsoon .. 114.0 53.2 53.3 Annual rainfall in. the district. 1,168.1 1,248.2 + 6.8 .. Normal, Averge of 50 years rainfall ending 1950. Flora and Fauna.-There is nothing peculiar m the flora of Th3.l\Javur distrid which constitute the trees and plants that are usually found on the east coastal areas of the State. The mango the coconut and the tamarind are found every where in plentiful. The jack: fruit trees are found mostly in Thanjavur, Mannargudi and Pattukkottai taluks. The Palmyra and Cashew ace seen in abundance in Thanjavur taluk, the Nagai fruit trees mostly appear 00 the Vallam table land. Neem, Portia, FIgS and Banyan continue to be the popular avenue trees.\ Bamboos are common in the deltic area. The district ha5, however, no forest areas of any commercial value. Due to the absence of hills and forests, the district is devoid of wIld animals lIke tigers, elephants panthers, etc., 10 the small belt of Jungle at Kodaikadu near Point Calimere are found spotted deer antelopes and wild pigs. Jackals and foxes can be found almost in the entire district. Ordinacy grey monkeys are also most common.. Snakes, poisonous and ~on-poisonous. eXIst in large Bumbers, common among them bemg the Cobra, the KaraIt, the Russel's Viper the -carpet snake, ete. AU the IndIan birds lIke the crow, the kIte, the vulture, the owl, the sparrow. the cuckoo etc.can be found in the district. Duck, quP.tl, partridge etc. are found to exist but not in large numbers.' Once, crocodiles were ID abundance but have now become relIcs of the past due to indiscriminate shooting for its skin which fetches good foreIgn exchange. Few crocodiles are still found near Grand Anicut. The swa.mps of Point Calimere are of great interest to ornithologists due to the abundance of variety of avifauna. Special mention may be made of fiammgoes VISIting these swamps in thousands during wintC?r months. The .swarms of these birds with white and pink plumes is a .-are sight and offers ::i spectacular display. A Wild life sanctuary was formed at Point Cahmere in 1967 on an area of 1,729 bectazes to paIII6I'Vc wild in the original surroudings. The sa.nctuary is unique in having a large concentration ·-of bladt'bu.eks or Indian antelopes. During May 1971, a Census was undertaken by the Vaigal Forestry Training School and the number of Black bucks was estimated as 890. 14 Forests.-Tne head.... llarter of Thanjavur forest divisIOn IS at Tha1\lavur and consists of one [ rntonal range, five plantation ranges and one farm forestry range. The forest divIsIon compnSds ot llatuf3.! forests In scattered patches, some of wInch are of special ecological value as these form the compact plantations raIsed on the banks of rivers and cana.ls, etc., o"er the entire distrIct area. The plantatlol1s raIsed In reserved forests as avenue teak have been handed OVer to P.W.D and the compact teak plantatlOns have been retamed ay tile department. The total area under forest III the dlstnct dunng the yea.r, 1980-81 stood at 11,623 h.ecU:.res or 1.4 per cent of the geograprucal area. The forest areas is mangrove type and can further be c1as5lfied mto (i) LIttoral forests. (Ii) TIdal swamp forest~ (111) Southern tropical thorn forests. (IV) Southern, Camatic umbrella thorn forests. (v) TropIcal dry evergreen forests. Littoral and tidal swamp forests compnse 68 per cent of the entire forest area of the dIstrict. whIle the Southern tropIcal thorn and Carnatlc umbrella thorn forests cover another 25 per cent forest area.. The remammg 7 n~r ceit of area h,J.' trapl cal dry eve.-green forests. The trees most commonly found III these forests ar.e teak, teak 81SS0, teak acacis, bamboo, eucalyptus hybrid, sissso rabual, SISSOO a:1acia, cashew, coconut, etc. Under the WOI kIng plan, 1971-81 formula~ by Tamil Nadu Forest Plantation CorporatIOn, the following forest areas have been brought under the workmg clrcles:- Type offorest area. Area in hect~6 under worklnolf circle. Teak and hardwood 12.124 Casuarina 411 Cashew 1.374 As per 'Synoptic Statistics on Forestry inTamil Nadu i980' issued by plannmg and StatiiC&l and Cell of the office of the Chief Conservative of Forests. during the year 197R-79, 2,836 CU.lD. offuel wood valued at Rs. 2.38 lakhs was extracted from the forests. Besides, the Thanjavur foreat yielded 1,202 cU.m. off teak wood valued at Rs. 21.02 lakhs. Raw cashew-nut yield as a fOl"e$t product was estimated at 11,077 kgs. from cashew beanng area of 118.00 hectares, bearing a yietd of 93.87 kgs. of raw nuts per hectare. The report further reveals that dUring the year total area (Jf forest under the cashew plantation stood at 299.44 hectares. The right to collect the minor forest produce is based out to the cantractors annually III open auction. Grazmg IS reguldted by issue of p3rmits and the grazmg year ~s from 1st July to 30th June 0f ~mcc~eimg year. During the year 1978-79. abemt 52 sq km. torest area was under grazing and in all 1,004 csttle'; Were Issued grazmg permits fetching reVenue of Rs. 2.000. The ecolOgical role of these forests IS uDlque for avoiding the erosions, etc., and IendiB3 stability to the soil through which perennial rivers, numerous canals and water channels are flowing. So the forest department ha~ a major rol' to play for growing more and more of plants near the senSitive areas C".nd equally Important IS the preservatlOn of existmg forests. Land deforested for vanous purposes upto 1978-79 was of the order of 332 96 hectares, of which 231.89 hectares were brought under agnculture while 101.07 hectares w~r used for other purposes. There are, however, a number of other factors both natural and human agency which cause further damage to the forests. Of the . damage through humanbemgs mentio~ may be made of felling of trees and unrestricted grazmg III the reserved forest areas WhICh need to be checked to a great extent. The graZIng in such areas results In the absence of natural regeneratIOn of valuable speCIes and thereby hardening the soil leadmg to erosions. In all 13,939 and 2,256 hectares had been declared as reserved forests and reserved lands res;-,ecttvely m Tha'ljavuf distnct a; on 31st Match 1979 Out of 13,939 hectares under reserved for~sts, 2.945 and 240 hectares were under the Wild Life Warden, Madras, and Wor1ci~g Plan and Research Wing of Forest Department res,?ectJveJy It will not be out of place to ment'on here that ~ WIld lIfe sanctuary was establlshe? during 1967 o.n an area of 1,729 hectares at Point Calimere, the details of which ha.ve been prOVIded elsewhere III the report. Mmerals and Miningo-The ma.Jor portion of Thanjavur district is covered by Cauvery allu VIum and r"pm-ted to have potential mine!"ltl '::I'ea_lth. Vallam stones, laterite, ~dstone. kankar and ... llow ochre have been reported from thIS dIstnct. Quartz crystals rolled Into pebbles OCCUr in 1he Tertiary formations. In the neighbourhood of Vallam, iron ore is found to exist. ValJam and 15 Gandarvakottai areas in Thanjavur taluk yield laterite of fine quality. Pebbles of transparent quartz occur in the conglomeratic sandstones near Vallam. These are of the amethystine citrine and smoky varieties. Similar pebbles occur west of Techchangunchchi vlliage, about 30 km. south~welit of Tbanjavur. Lignite belts have been encountered in between 230 and 370 m. depths during the course of drilling by the all and Natural Gas CommIssIon in TIrumangalam area near Ivlayuram. The fixed carbon ranges from 26.10 to 37.50 per cent and IS hIgher than the lIgnIte of Neyveh. Similar occurrences have also been reported from VanadlraJapuram, Chlttakadu and"Pandanallur areas. In Thanjavur dIstrict, ilmemte-garnet sands were located between Mimisal ano A irampattl nam, Tranquebar, T,rumullaivasal and at thE' mouth of Coleroon river. In Tranquebar, probable reserves ofilmeOlte ami garnet are estImated at 90,400 and 4,900 tonnes 'respectIVely. An occur. ence of ilmemte nch beach sands is reported east of Kodiyampalayam, It extends over a distances of 2 kms. WIth an average width of 50 m. Kankar and tuffaceoues hmestolls occur under red sOiI/latente ranging in the thickness from 0.3 to 1.0 m. Kankar layers are also noticed in stream sectIOns. Tl:e Important occurrences are seen on the Grand Anlcut canal cuttmg between Kuruvadipatti and Pudur and also 10 the neigh bourhood of Tlrumalal Samudram. The thickness of Kankar in Tiru~alal Samudram area ranges from 2 to 2.5 metres and the total reserves have been estImated to be about 0.5 mIllion tonnes The Kankar IS of good quality, coal ranglllg from 48.42 to 52.72 por cer,t aTe low in magnes.a and sllIcd contents The Cauvery baSin was explored and found to be one of tht' potent'l'J areas for petrol~um occurreo1.ces ~oth ia the .'1land area around T:rutturaippundl, Pattukkotta., Mannargudl, KaraIl.;al and in the off-shore ama north of Palk StraIt. 011 and Nater... l Gas CommISSion has carned out intenslVe exploratIon of gCGphysicttl sUI"veys and deep dnlling and struck traces of oil in one of the exploratory weIl~ In the basm. Furcher detaIled exploratlOn usmg the most modern methods of geophYSical surveys alded by the latest comp"ter technology data analy~is l;as been taken-up with a view to assess the potentIal research of petroleum in the Cauvery basin. Land and Landuse pattern.-Duting the year ] 980-81, the total geographical area of the district stood at 821,246 hectares. The following statemt"nt shows the illvislOn of the total geographic area by land usc and percentage of the area under each land use both for Thanjavur district and the Tamil Nadu State as a whole ;- Percentage of area under Land use. Area in Hectares. Thanjavur Tanul Nad~ District. State. (1) (2) (3) (4) Total Georgaphical area 821,246 I Forests . 11,623 1.4 15.6 2 Barren and uncultlvable lands 36,277 4.4 4.5 3 Land put to non-agricultural uses 147,003 17.9 13.5 4 CultLvabl0 waste . . 18.357 2.2 2.6 5 Permanent pastures and other grazmg lands 4,185 0.5 1.2 6 Land under miscellaneous tree crops and groves. 18,373 2.2 1.6 7 Current fallows 16,538 20 16.3 8 Other fallow lands 12,783 1.7 3.5 9 Net area sown 556,107 67.7 41.2 10 Area sown more than once 339,91 I 41.4 8.5 As is evident f,om the data, 67.7 per cent of the area falls under the net area sown agamst thc c:crresponding percentage of the State which stands at 41.2 only. Another stnking feature IS that 41.4 per cent of the geographysical area is sown more than tWIce or in other words gross are8 sown in a11 aggregates to 109.1 per cent of the total geographical area agamst the slmJlar State figure cf 49.7 per cent only. In case, 'cultivable waste', 'current fallows' and 'other fallow lands' is r~c1alned and brought under plough, another 5.9 per cent of the geographical area WIll be As is evident from the ·Season and Crop Report' for 1980-81 issued by the Commissioner of Statistics, Tamil Nadu. the total district area under food and non-food crops aggregates to 896,018 hectares, of which 803.078 and 92~ 940 are under food and non-food crops respectively. As the net cropped area stands at 556.107 hectares only, the area cropped more than once works out to 339,911 hectares. The sub-joined st~tement will show the break-up of the areas under different food and non-food crops ;- Serial number_ Name of the crop. Area in hectares. (1) (2) (3) Cereals. 1 A. (1) Paddy .. 626,269 (ii) Cumbu 909 (iii) Ragl 868 (iv) Maize 2,086 (v) Korra 7 (vi) Varagu 2,750 Total undtr cereals .. 632,889 Pulses. :r. (i) Redgram 414 (ii) Greengram 62,147 (iii) Blackgram 85,515 (iv) Other pulses 174 Total under pulses 148,250 Total foodgrains (cereals t-pulses) 781,139 Other foOd crops. (i) Condiments and spices 2,102 (it) Sugar crops 8,129 (iii) Fresh fruits 7,400 (iv) Dry fruits 2,016 (v) Vegetables 2,265 (vi) Other miscelhmeous food crops 27 Total under other food crops 21,939 Non-foodlcrops. (i) Cotton/fibre 1,580 (ii) Edible and non-edible oils 71,316 (iii) Tobacco, drugs and narcotic 1,060 (iv) Fodder 18,519 (v) OtheT non-fodder crops 464 (vi) Dyes .. 1 Tot~>J under non-food crops 92,940 A strikiing feature of the above data is that, of the total area of 781,139 hectares under food grains 80 per cent is under the chief crop paddy, while on another 1 per cent other cereals ere gr~wn and pulses cover the remaining 19 per cent. Among pulses, most important are green and black grams which constitute more than 99 per cent of all the pulses grown in the district. So far as other food crops are concerned, out of 21,939 hectares, 37 per cent and 34 per cent have been covered by sugar and fresb fruit crops respecitvely. The cbief sugar crops are sugarcane and palmyrah. In case of fresh fruits, bananas, and mangoes constitute more than 91 per cent of an fruits the remaining being jack fruits, guava, lime, etc. On the remaining 29 per cent area condime~ts and spices, dry fruits (cashew nuts only) and vegetables are grown almost in equai preportional areas. ,11 Of the non-food crops, the chief crop is that of edible and non-edible oils which spreads to -71,316 hectares out of a total area of 9l,940 hectares or about 77 per cent. The break-up of the ,area under edible and non-edible oil"! by crops IS as under- ' A.rea .Edible oils. under each 1ft hectare:¥. (i) Groundnuts . 42,510 (ii) Coconut 20,861 (iii) Gmgelly .• 1,435 (ivY Sunflower .. 4 (v) Other oilseeds 249 Total edible oils 71,059 Non-edible oils. (i) Castor 89 (ii) Niger seeds .. 2 (iii) Other non-edible oils 166 Total non-edible oils 257 . According to ' Agriculture Progress in Tllanja.vur' issued by the Joint Director at Agriculture. Tllanjavur district. the average annual Yield and production of paddy in the district fO'r the past .v>ne decade has been as under ;- A.verage yield in Kgs. per hectare. ..A...____ ~ Serial r-- Combined numbet. Year. Kuruvai. Samba. Thaladl. average. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) 1 TraditlOnal 2,413 2,250 2,146 2,264 (1960-61). 2 1971-72 3,216 2,986 2,789 3,Oll 3 1972-73 3,470 2,749 2,616 2,937 4 1973-74 3,977 2,949 2,932 3,260 5 1974-75 3,263 2,603 1,855 2,623 -6 1975-76 3,594 3,006 2,682 3,106 7 1976-77 3,359 2,299 2,169 2,195 8 1977-78 3,284 2,255 2,188 2,538 9 1978-79 4,150 2,942 2,685 3,192 '10 1979-80 3,932 2,717 2,922 3,099 11 1980-81 4,337 2,838 3,438 3,402 Paddy Production. (LAKH M.T.) ,--___ ~ ___.A. ______. ':serial Year. Kurullai. Samba. Thaladi. Total. /41fllmber. 1 Traditional 1.90 8.10 2.32 '13.32 (1960-61). 2 1971-72 6.56 932 4.l0 2().lS 3 1972.-73 7.11 S.33 4.26 119.70 .4 1913-74- 8.~7 8.67 S.13 U.07 5 1974-75 6.05 1.44 2.16 ,16.25 ·6 1975-76 6.87 8.37 4.14 19.38 7 1976-77 3.93 5.86 1.59 11.38 8 1977-78 5.37 6.86 1..97 15.20 9 1978..:..79 6.12 9.17 3.15 18.64 10 1979-80 6.54 8.04 4.03 -18.61 11 1980-81 7.43 S.28 4.91 ZQ.62 ~'il2-1-3 18 Paddy is raised in the entIre distrIct In three crops. The first crop IS known as 'Kuru"ai • (the short-term crop) wIth a duratIOn of three and a half to four months from June-July to October -November. The second crop called the' TbaJadl ' has a duratIon of five to SIX months from. October-November to February-March. Third is the' Saniba' (the long-term) crop ami has a duration of almost SIX months from August to January. 'Samba' IS grown on a very hmited hrea in the distnct as a smgle crop 1D areas where the water IS less and Dot avaIlable for two crops. The SUb-JoHled statcment shows the product:on of nee in the distrIct as well as the State for the year 1980-81 and IS based on crop estImatlOD survey :- Production of rice' in 10;;l1e8. Dlstnct/ State. _, 1 <-rop. 11 crop. III crop. Total. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Thanjavur 1,063,690 329,230 50 1,392,970 TamIl Nadu 3,147,630 1,104,270 26,920 4,278,820 It is qUIte apparent that Thanjavur distnct produced 32.4 per cent of the total nce productIon. of the State as a whole and no wonder is called With pnde as the gIaDary of the State. Considerable Improvement has been made in the cultivatIOn of paddy SJDce the mtroduetlOD of the FIve-Year Plans and especlally·the patkage plan. ~s a consequence, there has been rapId, increase in the per hectare YIeld of paddy in the dlstnct which has shot up to 3,402 kgs. In 1980-81 as combined average agamst the traditional 1960-61 and 1971-72 averages wruch stood at 2264 and 3,011 kgs. respectively. ThiS improvement in the output,of paddy has been mostlv du~ to the rise III the per hectare YIeld. The package plan was introduced m 1960 WIth a VleVl- to encourage mtensive cultIVatIOn of land. thus increasing the output. The Farm ProductIOn Plans which formed part of the large scheme were drawn up In consultation With the farmers and based on this, assessment, necessary facibtles like technical gUIdance, timely credit and supply of requIsites, etc. were provided. As a part of the phased programme, Farm ProductIOn Plans were Introduced in limited areas and gradually Its coverage was extended. The services rendered by the Agricultural Research StatIOn at Aduthural and Pattlikkottai are specially important for the Improvement III cultIvation of paddy In the dlstnct. The Adu thural Research StatIOn IS pnmanly concerned ~It~ two aspects of the ralsmg of paddy, viz., the selection of pure lines of paddy and the hybndlzatIOn of It. Consequently, old vanetles of seeds whIch were ID Wide use In the dlstnct have been replaced by new and Improved straIns. The Adu thural Research Centre has evolved various strams of paddy SUited for vunous crops. DUrIng the year 1980-81, the most popular strains of paddy among the ryots have been ADT.31, lR20,. lET. 1722, CO.33, CO,25, COAO, Ponni, ADT.34, ADT 35, NLR9672, IET.4786 and TKM.9. These types are found to yield at a higher rate and some of these have the addltlOnal ad"antage of bemg resIstant .to blast diseases. It IS gratlfymg to note that over 80 per cent of the tolal area cultivated WIth paddy are uSing the Improved strains evolved by the Agncultural Research StatlOns. While the Aduthural Station is engaged In evo1vmg improved strams of paddy, the Research StatIon at Pa·tukkottal attempts at evolvmg profitable ways of raISIng paddy by Improved cultural and manunal methods. The prOViSIOn of liberal credit faCilitIes has enabled the ryots to take advantage of the various faellitles prOVided to them under this scheme. There has been conSIderable mcrease m the total amount disbursed as loans to the ryots. The cultivators ~ave not only adopted to the latest hIgh yielding varietIes but are also utHizing liberally the new ferulizers and pestiCIdes as WIll be eVIdent from the foIIowll~g statement showing the rapid Increase m the consumptIQn of fertIlizers and pesticides from year to year dUfing the past one decade in the entIre dIstnct:- ConsumptIOn in 111etric tanner. ,------"------_, FertIlizers, PestiCIdes. Year. ,- ~ 'N' , p' 'K' In tefl1lS c>f dust eqUivalent (BB,C.). (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) 1971-72 27,543, 15,692 8,1~J 12,143 1972-73 30,863 15,872 8,512 13,305 1973-74 32,753 14,945 9,161 10.596 1974-75 27,725 10,049 10,124 5.305 1975-76 '.. 41,509 ]4,236 10,983 17,037 1976-77 38,080 11,102 9,985 14,823' 1977-78 44,105 12,290 12,170 16,864 1978-79 ., 46,332 13,9]4 13,757 16,000 '1979-80 47,901 ]4,167 14,395 17,793 1980-81 48,005 14,~82 .14,849 19,241 The followmg statement shows the total out-turn in tonnes of all the foodgra.;n~ and )rh"" t'l"incipal crops during the year 1980-81 based on the crop estimation survey :- Serial Name of the crop, ProductIOn .:number. m [onnes. (1) (2) (3) 1 A. Cereals- (i) Rlce 1,392,970 (il) Cumbu 800 (Iii) Ragi 1,550 (iv) Maize 2,240 (v) Korra 10 (vi) Varagu 2,670 Total under Cereals 1,400,240 B. Pulses- (i) Redgram 240 (ii) Greengr&.m 18,470 (i;i) Blackgram .. 26,090' (iv) Other pulses 50 Total under Pulses 44,850 Total Foodgrams (Cerea.ls and Pulses) 1,445,090 (,) S:lga:-ca,lefGur 794,330f 57,190 (ii) Chillies 1,170 (iii) Tamarind .. 1,400 (IV) Turmeric 560 (v) Tapioca 13,340 (vi) Sweet Potatoes 430 (vii) Onions 1,100 (viII) CItrus 2,960 (ix) Mangoes 22,880 (x) Bananas 70,970 3 (i) Cotton 2,530 Bales (of 110 kg. each). (ii) Graundnut 36,310 (iii) Gingelly .'. 1,430 (iv) Castor 40 (v) Coconut .. \ 2,106 (in lakhs) (vi) Tobacco 620 Among commercial crops, the most important are the oil seeds which are produced in fairly ·"la.rge quantlties in .the dry soil tracts of the district. These are raised mostly in Pattukkottal and Thanjavur taluks Apart from coconut, the important oil seeds produced are groundnut and gingelly. Of these. groundnut is raised as a dry crop mostly in Pattukkottai and Thanjavur taluks. The Agricultural Research Station at Pattukkottai has evolved improved stratUs of ground nuts a.nd these new strains of seeds are found to yield 10 to 15 per cent above the usua.l varieties that were in vogue in the region. Among these new'strains', 'noteworthy are AH 25 and AH 32, Though. coconut IS included among oil seeds, it is largely mised in the deltaic regions and in wet soil tracts. Perhaps next to paddy this is the principal wet crop in Thanjavur. The farmers in Thanjavur. hke all other farmers in South India, have also now started to cultivate the Sunflower, the seeds of which are rich in oil, in non-deltaic regions. In order to improve the yield and quality, new seedhngs have been distributed to the farmers, during the third and fourth plans rt;spectively. In order to avoid pests and dama.ge due to pests to this important crop, special plant protection staff and agricultural extension workers are engaged In tackling the pests and otber diseases of sunflower crops and coconut tree.$-. 12-1-3A. 20 Ten Sta.te Seed Farms have been established in the dIstrict for research, demonstration.. and procurement of seed as indicated III the subjoined statement. The following statement. shows the variOUS seed centres in ThanJavur dIstrIct :- Seed farms; Serial Non- num- Name of Stllte Seed Farms. Cultivable cultivable Total e:xtent_ ber. area. area. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (IN HECTARES.) 1 Sakkottai 33.57' 5.86 39.43 2 Nagam3ngalam 24.68 0.88 25.56 3 Tirukadayur 17.84 0.42 18.26 4 On.thur 18.96 1.01 19.97 5 Kanchlkudikadu 19.18 2.02 21.20 6 Nedumbalam 23.51 1.78 25.29 7 Deevambalpattmam 31.24 5.85 37.09 8 Keeranthl .. 17.83 1.22 19.05 9 SikklI 21.16 1.44 22.60 10 Moongdll:udl 17.83 1.22 19.05 Seed C eaU'e : Number of Serial Headquarters of Assistant Director ,-- Number of num- of Agriculture. Agricultural Agricultural Agncultur4111 ber. Officer Officer Depots. (Seed,~.) (Depots). (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) 1 ThanJavur , . 2 6 20 2 Kumbakonam 2 6 24 3 Mayiladuthurai 2 5 20 4 Nagapattinam 2 7 31 5 Mannargudl 2 7 28 6 Pattu.kkottai 2 4 15 -_-_ ---- Total 12 35 138 ------Under the scheme of IntenSIve Agricultural District Programme which was Implemented[ since 1960, latest scientific advan<. Training and VISit System: .- I , Number-of Serial Headquarters of ASSistant r-_:------~---~ nU11J- Dlre_ctqr of AgricLlI~ure. Subject Agricultural Agricultural Village ber. Matter Officersf Officers Extension Specialists. Deputy (Q.C.). Workers_ Agricultural Officers. (I) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)" 1 Thanjavuf 3 6 1 ·42 2 Orathanadu 3 4 I 28 3 Kumbakonam 3 6 I 47 4- Papanasam 3 5 . 1 40 5 Mayiladuthurai 3 7 ] 53 6 Slrkazhl 3 4 I 26 7 Nagapattinam 3 6 } 42 8 Nanmlam 3 6 1 45 9 Mannarglldi 3 6 ] 47 10 Tlruthuraippundi 3 6 1 49 11 Pattukkottai 3 6 1 46 Total 33 62 11 .. 6~ 21 Irrigatio1l and Power.-The presence of the perennial river Cauvery and the numerous irri gation projects: that' have been carned out even from the days of Chola kings can be considered as the best irrigatIon system In, Tamll Nadu. Especially In arenaceous sod tracts in Pattuk]{ottai, prOVlson of irrigatIOn has proved very useful. The necessIty for irrIgatIOn was realised much· early and irrigation systems In the dIstIlct date back to days of early Cholas. ThanJavur today has one of the best I.rrigation systems In the State and ranks foremo,st in the area irrigated. Ova.. 72.0 per cent of the gross cropped area IS under irrIgatIon from one source or the other. The· position is all the more attractive when we consider the net area sown and net area irrigated. Over. 86.4 per cent of. the I}ct area sown enjoys the benefit of irrigation. The total area irrIgated in the dJstri~t stoo~ at 480,667 hectates dunng 1980-81.. ' The chipf sources of irrigatlOp in the district are the riveIS, a few JaInf.d tanks and weIls Thei;e tanks and- wells occur mostly in the upland regions. The most important flvers in the dIstrict are the Cauvery' and the Coleroon. As these !IverS have; their ongin in the we;stecn gha,ts, they are fed by the south-west monsoon. The river Cauvery with its numerous branches bas proved a very dependable source of Irngabon and most of the irrigated a,rea in th~ dIstrict derive water from the Cauvery only. A buds eyeview of the course of the Cauvc;ry 10 ThanJavur wJlI show us how and )'I'here it has been tapped and render~d most efficient for irrigation. Nearly 80 per cent of the tota.l net area. irngated is served by canals and these canals are fed only by th,< rh;et; Cauvery. Thus, the Cauvery is the pnmary source of Irflgation in the district. The ~uveTY Delta System is the most ancient of all irrigation schemes in Tl)anjavuT~ This comprises m 'J:he Grand Anieut is the oldest and the most ~ignIfkant amcng these three and IS nport.ed to have he en constructed dUrIng the Sangam Age of Chola penod. Trus IS built at the Junl;tjo~. of the nvers, the Cauvry and, the Coleroon, about sixteen kIlometres from Tlruehcrurappalh at the lower end of Snrangam Island and IS designed to regulate the supply which comes down the, Cauvery froID. tbe Upper AnIcut. When the supply exceeds the requIrements of the delta chan-' nels,. the gates on the Grand Amcut are raised and the surplus IS passed down into the Coleroon'· when it proceeds down to the Lower Anicut. There, it is agam regulated and utilised for irri"' gation. by meanS of other canals. The ani cut was first made of roughly dressed granite slones set in mud covered wIt,h an outer layer of gramte blocks set In hme mortar. Its length IS 1,080' and breadth is 40' to'60' wltha depth of 15' to 18'. It has later on undergone numerousimprov«<~ ments. In 1806, it was raIsed further and in 1830, the anieut came to be prOVIded with sand scou ring slUIces. Som~ fifty years later, the stones were removed to be replaced by automatic falling shutters. These were replaced by hftlng shutters in 1899. The mam purpose of this ani cut was, to check and control the water running to waste into Coleroon. In order to prevent silting up of the bed of the Cauvery In the deltaIC regIOns by prOVidIng enough water through the Cauvery, the able engmeer, Arthur Cotton built a masonry wan at the head of the Coleroon In 1836. The purpOSe of thIS constructIOn was to check the flow down the CvlerooD -60 as to keep enough wator tn the maIn rIver, the Cauvery. After the constructlOn of thIs Upper Amcut, floods often thrc.atened the Grand AhIeut and there occurred senous erosIOns 9P the banks of the Cauvery. ThJs dan~er wa.s 'however mimmIsed III 1845 by the construction of the Caiiveryaam. "m order to avoid the danger completely, the Upper Amcut was rebUIlt In 1'899 so as to prOVide passage for flood waters down the Coleroon In c?se1' of emergency. Imnlewately below Grand Anlcut are the Cauvery Vennar Regulator$ which divide the stream between the. nvers.and c;.Qntrol.the flow. Just below these imposmg 'structure are built small regulators In order to effect proper dIstribution of water among vanous branches of the overs and other numeroUs irngatIon channels. , The Lower Coleroon Anicut also was the product of the ·masteJ'-IDmd -of Sir Arthur Cottoll. It was built in order to lrngate the north eastern, concerns of the distnct, especially the taluks of Mayuram, and Si:rkazlu wruch were not adeqllat~ly covered by the Cauvery system. Even trus dam was extended, remodelled and rebuilt on the same hnes as the Upper ADlcut. A few major repaJr works for strengthening the dam were undertaken early 1D this century. Channels of this Amcut alone irrigated an area of over 24,000 acres in the dIstrict. The total area Irrigated by the system amounts (for the :tirst crop alone) to 10,9,118 acres, apart from 28,309 acres under the second crop. TO the md;:fatigable en~neer, Arthur Cotton, the dlstnct owes not a ]tttle. The idea to bUild a reservo Ir onthe Cauvery i'n order to irrigate the deltaIC regIOns of the dlstnct was that of SlY Arthur Cotton. Numerous proposals were put forward and investIgatIOns earned on before Iinally m 19]0, Colonel W.M. Ellis worked out a practIcable scheme. But there was dIsagree ment between Madras and the then Mysore Governments Gn the questlOn of shanng the CauveT)' waters. In the end,it was due to the efforts of Dr. C P. Ramaswamy Iyer, t hen member of the Execu,ive ~ouncJl, that an agreement was arnved at. Accordmg to thIS agreement,the scheme was' 0 be ex culed subject to certaIn conditions,most Important ofwhICh were that both the State~ 'ihould b.ulld then own H!SerVOJrs and ~h~t the reseTVOIr at Met1ur should be hmIted 1n capacity. It capaCIty should not exceed 93,000 mIllion cubiC feet so that It shOUld ITrigate over30l 000 acre•• Bra,ed on these condItions, the Cauvery-Mettur Re5tTvoir or the Stanley Reservoir 'was COn struc:ed. 22 Mettur Dam is the biggest dam in the sta.te wIth length measuring over 5,300' and beight 214" above the deepest foundations, The project has been designed to ensure steady supply of water for irrigaticn to over a millIon aeres already supported by the Cauvery Delta System and to Irrigate an additional acreage of about 301,000 in Mannargudi, Pattukkottai and Thanjavur taluks. The utility of the scheme is Inamfold. By the storage of flood waters ID the reserVOIr. the dam has made it possible to provide sufficient supply of water for agricultural purposes during the intermon soon periods and also to safeguard cultivation agaInst the unforseen vagaries of nature. EVen in times of drought the project ensures an even supply and distribution of avaiable waters, thus preventing avoidable wastage. Moreover, it enables the agriculturists to control and regulate their farm operations taking into account the availabihty of water. Apart from these. it also acts as a barrier against the on rush of Cauvery in all its fury during the north-east monsoon period an.d causing serious damages to crops and lands. An important scheme that influenced the progress of irrigation works in the district waS the Grow More Eood Campaign. The district was one of the specially chosen areas for the cam paIgn and much emphasis was laid on Increasing the IrrIgatIOnal facilIties In the region. An important irrigation work that was effected due to thIS campaign i5 the extenSIon of Grand Canal beyond Narasinga Cauvery whIch helped to irriga.te about 15,000 acres. The Grow More Food Gampaigll' h3.d brought to lIght the fact that the Cauvery System dId not Pf,ovide for drainage and· steps came to be taken to rec:itythIS. During the FIrst Plan penod, Cauvery Delt,.. dra1l1age scheme was carried out and thIS workreheved over 49,000 aere3 of drainage SUbmersion. . During the second Five-Year Plan period, no major irngatIon work was taken up for the benefit of ThanJavur, except for the Kattalal HIghlevel Scheme, which though meant for Tlruchchi rappalli, proved beneficial to Thanjavur also to some extent. Under this, 4,481 acres for the first crop and 'abou.t 4,000 acres for the second crop were Irrigated In the dlstnct. Apart from these m~jor sources of Irrigation, Thanjavur is bendited from other sources also, Ne'tt in importance are tube-wells and wellS whIch together Irrigate an area of 6,929 hectares.' A few tanks In the upland region prove quite helpful and Irrigate 3,126 hectares area. It IS followed by other sources like spnngs, ch:.nnels. etc. Th¢ following statement Will reveal the relative importance of various sources of irrigation in ThanJavur dIstrict during the year 1980-81. Serial Source of Goverllment! Number. Net area Remarks. number. Irrigation. PJ'ivate, irrigated in hectares. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) 1 Canals Government 46 461,066 length 1,183 kms ~ Tube wells Government 2,875 41 Total = Private 15,135 3,286 18,610 Tube wells 3 Wells Government 12 4.411 Pnvate 39,089 3,596 wells are not in use. ,Tanks with ayacut 130 of 100 acres or more. 3,126 Total tanks 420 with ayacut 290 of less than 100 acres. 5 Other sources, Le. springs, channelS, Government 1,731 etc. Pri vate. 1,815 480,667 Besides, area irrigated more than 0t;tce during, the year 1980-81 stood at 164,199 hectares. It brings the total gross an~a of c~ops Irngated durmg 1980-81 to 644,866 hectares. The ne~ and gross area sown in the distrIct dunng the same year was 556, 107 and 896,018 heet.ares respectIvely. So the net area irrigated to net area sown, therefore,works out to 86.4 per cent while the percentage of gross area irrigated to the gross area sown stands at 72.0 per cent. 23 The folloWIng statement shows the break-up of the total irngated area of 644,866 hectares (by all sources) by crops dunng the year 19&O-811D Tbanjavur dlstnct ~ Serial Crop. Area irrigated number. in hectares. (1) (2) (3) A. Cereals (i) I. Paddy 461,898 II Paddy 146,255 ill. Paddy 22 (11) Cumbu 208 (m) Maize 1,274 (IV) Ragi 709 (v) Korra J Total cereals -_ 610,367 B. Pulses- (I) GrCEngram 19 (II) Redgram .. 9 (Ill) Blackgram 72 Total pulses 100 Total foodgrains (cereals + pulses) 610,467 C. Other food crops (i) Chillies ._ 1,193 (11) Turmeric .. 270 (ui) Other spiceS 10 Total condimcnts and spices 1,413 (iv) Sugarcane 1,404 (v) Onions 116 (VI) Othe,r fruits and vegetables 6,164 (ViI) Other food crops 17 Total food crops 625,641 1 Non-food crops (1) Gingelly 105 (ii) Groundnuts 16,011 (Iii) Coconut 320 Total oil seeds 16,436 (iv) Cotton 1,117 (v) Indigo 1 (vi) Tobacco 577 (vii) Fodder 4 (viii) Miscellaneous non-food crops .. ],090 Total non-food crops 19,225 An important a§pect to be noted in ·Thanjavur district is the absence of any-hydro-e]ectri~J project or any thermal llni~. although the extension of electricity to as mucb of rural areas as. possible was one of the main objectives of the State Government during the plan periods. The statement given below shows the annual consumption in million units of Thanjavur district through several electricIty syste ms .~ Consumption of power. (in Million units) Domestic. Commercial. 'Public Industrial. Serial number and Lighting. Systems. r------~--~ .----...... ~ r-~ .----.A..~~ Light and Power. L.T. H.T. L.T-+ L.T. H.T. Fans. Light and Power. H.T. Fan~. .('1.) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) 1. Thanjavur 24.554 0.052 10.473 0.987 7.007 20.242 14.166 2. Nagappattmam 3.554 0.020 1.721 0.656 2.357 3. Kumbakonam 11.681 0.031 5.416 2.445 7.539 Water Agrlcul- Traction. Railways. Others. Total. Serial number and work~. (ural. Systems. LT+HT. LT+HT HT LT+HT ,.(1) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) 1. Thanjavur 0.603 23.211 0.146 32.228 134.279 2. Nagappattinam 0234 0.136 0049 8.727 3. Kumbakpnam (1.261 3.784 0.214 31.371 Animal Husbandry.--The positton of livestock in Thanjavur distnct has considerably improved. Ammal husbandry which is an :llhed activity of agriculture, however, could not keep pace with the developmental works undertaken in the field of latest agncultural techmques and so the distrkt ca.nnot bOa.3t of any special breed of cattle and the mdigenous cattle still contmue to be of poor qualIty. Farmers. therefore, generally have to depend on cattle imported from other districts, especially Coimbatore. Salem, Madurai and Tlruchchirappalli. In Its southern parts are found a type of cattb called Thanjavur polled cattle; they are dlstmglll5bed by the absence of horns and the possessIOn of clipped ears. ThIS unfortun~_te position is generally attributed to the absence of pa.sture land and the scarcity of fodder crops in the district. They are fed almost entirely on pa.ddy straw which is considered to be deficient In protem and phosphorus, necessary for the proper growth of animals. Of late. cattle development in ThanJavur has taken place through the setting up of an intensive cattle development project with two Regional Artificial Insemination centres ard 50 sub-centres. BeSides thiS, 5 key village blocks with 50 suo-centres are also tunctlOthng flel:'C. Five bull stations supply semen to the veterinary Il\stitutions where artifiCial inseminatIOn work is done. A frozen semen-bank is bemg established in the Eachenkottal-farm, which will commence 'to function very soon. The Exotic cattle breeding farm at Eachenkott~1 maintains Jersey breeds and:1 fodder seed production unit. In the DIstrict Livestock Farm, Korukkai. Umbalacherry, SindhlUmbala_ cherry and Jersey Umbalacherry animals are mamtained. Another distnct rivestock farm is located at Orattanadu where the breeds of brown Swiss, Sindhi cross breeds and Murrah ale maintained. One poultry ex:tenslOn centre is attached to this farm. Another poultry extension eentre is located at Pattukkottai. Trainmg in diary and sheep husbandr'y is also imparted in the farm to thc rural unemployed youths. There are five sheep breeding co-operative societies fun.ctioning in this district. The Rinderpest squad.Thanjavur, is also rendering valuable service in the eradication of rInderpest. The latest live stock and poultry census was undertaken in the year 1977 and the following sta.tements show the number of hve stock and poultry as per the statistics collected during the AlCDSUS :- Number. (i) Cattle and buffaloes 1.57&,519 (ii) Sheep 81.392 (iii) Goats 5,11,004 (iv) Horses and pomes 176 (v) Mules 25 (vi) Donkeys 1,346 (vii) Pigs 13,245 Total live-stock 2.:186,301 B _ Poultl"y - ! c;-;; . number <,) Fowls 1,244,232 (;1) Ducks 15,334 (iii) Others 418 Total poultry 1,259,984 The hve ~tock Census data further reveal that of the 1,578,519 bovine cattle and buffaloes, 797,952 were male and 780,567 female. The nUlllbt:r of buffaloes stood at 376,419 comprising ~f 118,292 male and 258,127 female whIle the remaining bovllle cattle comprise of 679,660 male aDd 522,440 female. The followmg statement shows the use to~which the bovme cattle and the buffaloes were put to;- Number of Senal number and .------~----~~ usedfor. Male cattle. He-buffaloes. (1) (2) (3) (1) Breedlllg 3,870 2,966 (11) Breedmg and work 17,119 7,658 (Iii) Work- (a) Castrated 465,320 34,452 (b) Uncastr Number of S~rjal Ilunlber alld r-----~ ~ us~dfor. Female cattle. She-btiffalocs, (cows). (1) (2) (3) (1) Milk production 174,133 95,J,S4 (ii) Dry 147,676 58,707 (iIi) Not calved even once 32,067 11,074 (iv) Used for work 2,032 9,243 (v) Not used for work or breeding 9,113 3.373 Total 365,021 183 ,78] NOTE .-Out of 365,021 female cattle 3,53,876iare breedmg_[cows and in case of 183,781 she-buffaloes 171,165 are m breedmg. Tn case of poultry, the cen~us statistics a.l~o provides informatIOn on fowls and ducks ~ '1 the followig manner :- Serial number and Number of hirds. poultry. r------~ ------. Country. Improved. Total. I (i) Cocks 224,480 18,709 243,189 (n) Hens 1_ 535,172 38,346 573,518 (iii) Chickens 400,449 27,076 427,525 Total Fowls 1.160,101 84,131 1,244,232 j:: (i) Duck" 9,832 ]48 9,980 (ii) Dra'-es 2,309 124 2,433 'i i) Duckiings 2,813 108 2,921 Total Dueks 14,954 15.334 r~::::~ =__ '"f.. _-..... 12-1-~ 26 The animal husbandry department looks after the welfare of cattle through. a net work of" veterinary hOspItals and dlspensanes. It also has tounng Velennary Assistant Surgeons whose duty IS to check the out-break of contagIous dIseases, castrate alllmals, treat mlnor aliments at cattle, organIse cattle shows and advise ryots on all livestock matters. As per the latest data avaIlable for 1979-80 thcre are 32l vetennary IDstttutlOns In ThanJavur dlstnet whtch attend to the live stock. Out of these InstitutIOns, 8 are Vetennary hospItals, 63 are Vetennary dlspcnsanes, 3 are Chlllcal laboratOrIes, 2 are ClJmcal Centres, 1 VeterInary dIspensary cum Key VIllage Centre and the remaJnIng 244 are Vetennary sub-centres. The followmg: stlJterncnt shows tbe total animals treated by these InstitutIOns In the dlstnct dunng the year 1979-80. BOVIne 474,796 ExqUlnes 313 Others 155,806 Total 630,915 BeSIdes, the follOWIng castratIOns were performed dunng the same year.- BOVIne 13,648 Exquine 7,965 Others 1,031 Total 22,644 Fishery -Out of the eight dlstncts of Tam~l N~du <,ngagcd In manne fishmg, Th2njavur is leading In marIne fish productIOn :::."Joull.'tng for abolLt 30 p,_,r cent of the total catch of the" State as a whole. The State has a total coa~ .. -hn0 runUlng to 1,000 kms. embeded wlth 402 fishermen Villagers of WhICh Thanjavur dIstrict occupIes 216 kms strewn WIth 79 of these VIllages ]rom the mouth of th ~ Coleroon nver In the north to SomanathanpaitJnam. Village In the south A'> per the Cen~us of Manne fishermen In TamIl N1'.du (1977), the State has a populatIon of 337,713 persons of whom 80,035 are active fishermen The followlDg state ment shows the produetlOn of man.ne fish bydistnetsln the State from 1978 to 1981 ,_ Serial Manne fish production (tonnes) r- ...... ______- number. District / State. ~ 1978-79. 1979-80. 1980-8l. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) 1 =_ Madras 13,980 14,923 ] 5,633 2 ChengalpattlL 14,148 13,859 14,518 3 Sou.th Areot 1,385 10,830 11,345 4 ThaTIJavur 62,665 59,165 61,980 5 Pudukkottal 4,557 6,602 6,916 6 Ramanathapllram. 29,281 35,317 37,060 7 Tirunelveh 23,628 26,853 28,131 8 Kanlllyakumari 54,672 49,080 51,417 ----- Total 210,316 216,689 227,000 ~---- AS )s eviden' from the dat2, Thanjavur distnct has a ullique posltlon foHowed by Kanniya kuman and h lth these dlstncts tog~ther con'nbute more than 50 per ant of the marine fish catch of the' S.ate. WhIle thE overall Sta~e produc.lOn o{' luanne fi&h In(.,r,,~~sed In 1979·-80 and 1980-81 by 3 per cent and 4.8 per cent resp,cdvely over ihe prccedmg year's ol,tPl~t"be prodllC~JOn of fi:>h of Th,nj_;_vur , howev~r, show0d a l'tIe downward trend. CSPCC], Ily dUdng 1979-80. The prOdUC~lOll. of manne thh dunng 1978-79 In th:;- dIstrict was about 29.8 per cen. of,he State productwn which decl,ned 10 27.3 per =nt daring 1979 80 and contJnued at pd.r, In 1980- 81 also. Tbe manne fish c:ltch m:llnly comprises of leognathics, sharkes, fiYlllg fish, chank, cat-fish prawns SIlver belhes. crabs, rays and other mIscellaneous varieties. ,. 27 The 1971 Census of marine fishermen [L'rther reveal 'hat there arc In all 12,806 famlhes engaged in manne fishing with a population of 58,489 persons In the dIstnct. Out of 58,489 persons enumerated, 14,394 were engaged in fdll time manne fish:ng, 1,021 werc engc.g_o in allied fishIng actIvItIes and 513 persons were engaged 1n oiller 0CCUpalh)nS whIle the IOCm.l1llIng 42, 495 were theIr dependent members. Of the 14.394 full time mann~ fishermen-l,422 Ihh .n mechanIsed boats, 8,004 are engaged in catamaran fishlllg, 3,878 undertake shoresIne fishIllg <'nd the rcmaIDlng 1,090 use country canoes for fishIng. It points out that catamarans are still the most commonly used craft off the shore. Thesc have replaced to a great extent the Atuampattmamdnfter, the fiat, 'V' bottom boats In the Palk StraIt Of late, mechamsed boats are also becolTlIng popular year aftet year as WIll be evident from the lllcrease in theIr numbers There were In all 232 mechafilscd and 5,456 non-mechamsed boats during 1917 but the Census of 1982 reveals a different plctw-e. The number of mech.'lnJsed bouts accordmg to ]982 Census has Increased to 1,071 willie DOD mechamsed boats figure rose only to 5,864 The Census data further reveals that the fdllowtng .:gears were used In 1971 In the dlstrict:- Se;riai Name of gear. Number number. In use. (1) (2) (3) 1 ThirukalvahlI 207 2 Velavaial 1,493 3 ChlPPIvalai 13,194 4 Iralvalai 33,728 5 Trawlnet 78 6 Thoonvalai 564 7 Kavalavalal 419 8 Vellavalal 1,051 9 Nanduvalm 1,1 II 10 P"na and Kalaivalai 160 11 Pmtha valul 171 12 K01valal 3,675 13 Others 120,340 There are 51 manne fishermen co-operative societies and one dIstrict co-operative federatIOn. Besides, each one of the follOWIng SOCIeties are functioning In the dIstrict, co-operative marketing union, boat operator's co-operative socIety and prawn [drming and marketjng co-operative society. FInanCIal assIstance by the Government to tht~ fishermen is extended through these Soc",:tles to uplTft the socIa-economic status of the fishermen Mechanised boats are made avaIlable under hIre-purchase scheme through the SOCieties Government have also "anctioned a Fishermen-' hOUSIng scheme, under whIch the Tamil Nadu Adl-Dravldar HOUSIng and Development Corpora tIon has been constructIng houses in cQastal fishmg vIllages f':H' the fishermen from year 1975-76 onwards The fishermen are prOVided rclieffor the loss of nets, Implements due to fire, ftood~ etc. For the loss of the hfe while fishIng an ex-grati~. amount of Rs. 5,000 is sanctIOned to the lcgal hell'S of the deceased. Inittal payment o'f Rs. 2,000 IS madc ImmedIately and the balance of Rs. 3,000 IS beIllg paid In 30 monthly lllstalments of Rs 100 each. An expendILure of Rs_ 16,000 was sanctioned fo(" the lllstallatlon of gUIde bght,. at fishlng vtllagd to facIlIt t(' the fishermen 10 locate their VIllages dUr)ng Dlght hours whIle returnIng ashore. Five of the glJ.lde liohts stand completed, The gUIde flghts were also to be provlued to the dFp"rtmen'al staff wh~r~ver statIOned and to the local fisheTlllen co-operative SOCICtIeS of the al e2. concerned or, If there was no SOCIety, to the pIOmtnent fishermen in th::: area far mtlIntenance. E[ec'rificatIOn to MallI pattlnam tower and VanamadcvI h:ls SIncc been completed by the State Port Office, Madras. At Malhpatttnam, a fish landIllgjetty With a capacity of 100 boat:> at a cost of' Rs. 144 lakhs has SIllce been completed. The Government h-'lvC also :.ancTlOned Rs. 28 lakhs. for the develop ment of the InfrastructUral faClhlles at Pazhaya.. Anothel' fish landmg Je-.ty IS under completion at KodIkaraI whIch WIll have a berth capaCIty of 100 boats <'nd wIll cost Rs. IO.6Iakhs. The serVIce centre run by the ASSistant DIrector of FIsh.ones, J\1dhpattlllam, cater" to th.:: needs of manne fi:;hermen and 15 the ollly workshop III (hiS coastal area Thc Government rates for serVICIng the mechantsed boats are eOlnparatlvely less th:.n th~ rates charged bv the pnvate workshops. - ThanJavur dtstrict h~s also the richest inland fishmg resources In the State, thank." to the river Cauvery delta There arc more than 420 IrrIgatIon tanks In the dlstnct, most of \\!llch are also fed by the peren.'"lral nver Cau V<:l-Y. The n ver Cauvery's U"ngatton canals, chanlld~ and 12·1-4~ 18 irrigation i,anks abound In nch vanety of fish. The Inland fishery consists mostly of carps, catla. rohu, mngal and other vanetIes of labeo, clrtuner, cat-fish, murrels and notopterus In main nver Cauver~ ~nd Its tnbutanes WIth about 10,000 Illiand fishermen engaged In fishery, the productIOn of fish from Inland Wdter SOLlrces has been estimated to be more than 30,000 tonneS annually. , EconOIUlc VaTjetIes of major carp fingerlIngs are collected In the regulators of the Cau very nver system and supplIed throughout the State for stockmg In the major reserVDlrs, departmental fish farms, provlllcluhsed tanks and fish farm development agency tanks. The fingerhngs collected from valOUS regulators are condItIOned and dIstnbuted to the stocklDg centres. Therc are mOre than twenty colIectJOn centres lIke Karalyur Head, RaJaglH, etc, In the dIstnct for tlus purpose, and these qualIty seeds are dIstnbuted not only to vanous tanks In the dIstnct but also to the other dIstricts In the State Annually about 2,00 lakh fingerlings are collected and distn buted throughou.t the SLate. FishIng nghts III provincIahsed nvers, channels and tanks, Muruclpal and PanchaY.lt tanks, tanks belonglDg to temples, forest department, etc., have to be leased out to the Inland fishermefJ co-operatIve SOCIetIes, The fishermen co-operatIve SOCIeties In turn lease the fish.ng TIghts to It, members equally on marginal profits. The Department aSSIsts the~e fishermen co-operatn,: SOCIetIes In getting the lease of Inland water SOurces as well as fi"h markets In the area. To regulate fishing and 10 settle dIsputes among fishern-:ten of the area, the Government h"vc Introduced the lIcenCIng systen-:t of fislung In the Vadavar rIver at the lower anieut which enables the fishermen to have regular earnIng all round the year_ FIshing In the Vadavar nver and Its channels towards north and the south is rcgulated by lIcense Issued by the Inspector of Fishenes lower anlCut. The permlls to ercct saars In the channels to catch fish are also Issued to the membe; fishermen on the reCOlllmendation of the fishermen co-operallve SOCIeUes at Rs. 25 per permIt as licence fee. The Revenue and PublIc Works Department has to certify III all such cases that the erectIOn of a saar in the channel shall not effect the 'lTogatlOn system. Twenty fIshery Overseers have been attached to the dIstnct for effectIve llnpIementatlOll of the IntenSIve FIsh Culture Scheme In Panehayat tanks_ In ThanJavur dIVIsion, 5 Overseers work under one Inspector of Fishenes for the effective superVIsiOn of the scheme, The schenle is Impelmented on 75 per cent Government and 25 per cent Panchayat grants WIth Rs. 2.9 lakhs sanctIOned towards establTshment, repaIring of tanks and the cost oftransportatJon of :fingcrhngs~ etc. Recently, 100 hectares of waterspreads have been taken over by the Fishenes Department for stocking fingerlings. Fish seed through natural resourccs IS not III abundance, so Induced carp spawnmg has been Introduced and one such centre has been estabhshed smce 1966 at KarnathuI, Seeds of Catla. rohu mngal and common carp hatchlIngs are produced, reared and supplIed to the department units' for stocking In theIr farm tanks and also to private _entrepreneurs for fish culture OTh co mmcrCI ul lines. FISh Farmers Development Agency In ThanJavur dlstnct has also been stressing for the-increase III quahty offish seeds. Hence, one more Induced Carp Spawning Scheme centre has been estabhshed at Agarapettal VIllage near Tlrukkattuppalh. Tlus centre.s expected to commence productIOn of hateWlllgs dunng the season of 1983-84. Therc arc ten Inland fisherm~n co-operatIve societIes In Thanjavur dlstrIct wIth specIfled areas of operatIOn. The fishery rights of provinclahsed Tlvers and tanks In ThanJavur distrIct are let sed out to ! he inland fi~hermen co-opera{]ve soceitles by the Dlstnct Collector based on the recom mendatIOns. madc by the Assistant DHcctor of FJshenes (R), Thanjvur Dw;nly With f Illdustncs.-Thanjavur continuous 10 be predOmInantly an agricultural district and no wonder therefore that It h'lS been Identified as IndustrIally a back.ward distnct on the basis of the annual survey ofmdustnes undertaken by the Department of StabstIcs dunngthc year 1977-78. The surVey cover.:-d all factones regIstered under sectwns 2m(l) and 2m(il) of the Factories Act 7 J 9& ~ and certain fact ones engaged In the productIOn and distn bution of clectnc power, gas and water_ The factories had been covered under two m:::in classificattons, viz.,Census and Non-Census sectors; Non-Census sector was covered on a 50 per cent sample. The results analysed and presented in this report, however, relatt; to the entIre factory sector afler certaIn adjustments lnadein arn vlng at the final es'imates. AccordIng to the dlstnbutlon of factone!'.' and average numb;;:r oC workers and employees per factory, ThanJavur distnct stands tenth In the State with 346 factones emplOYIng on an average 30 workers and 44 employees per factory. The survey shows that in all 10,247 workers and 15,164 employees were deployed In all these manufactunng Industnes in th~ dlstnct and th"y formed 1 82 per cent and 2 16 per cent of the total workers and emp loyees respectively of the State as a whole The dat::- collected during the survey further reveals th:lt the output of all the factones In the distnct works out to I 21 per cent of the total OUlPUI of the Slat~ Outpu:' p~r fClory, worke. and employees stands, at Rs.14.39, 0 49 and 0.33 lakhs repectlvely. JUdglllg the claSSIficatIon 01 dIS tricts by theIr share to the total value added of the State, Thanjavur stands Xllth in rank by contributmg a sh:lrc of Rs. 689 lakhs whICh comes to 0.84 per cent of the Slate total. The fOllOWIng statment shows the important industnes by industry groups, theIr output and percen tage 10 the :otal output of the dlstnct .- Total output Out put of Percentage Serial number and industry group. of all industry share. industries group shown group. lfl col. (2). (1) (2) (3) (4) (RUPEES IN LAKHS.) 1 Manufacture of food products 4,980 2,000 40.16 2 Manufacture of ChemlC'lh and chemical products 898 18.03 (except products of petroleum and coa1). 3 Mdnufacturli( of cotton textiles 625 12.55 4 Manufacture of beverages, tobacco and tobacco 521 10.46 product~. 5 RepaIr services 239 4.80 t; Basic metal and alloy rndustnes 215 4.32 1 Others 482 9.68 100.00 As IS eVIdent, the m~nufacturing or fO,?d prod.ucts stands the most important industry due to a large number of nee mllis operating In the dlstnct The detaIls of the survey show that manu factunng of cotton textIles has moved from fourth pOS-Ition (Ill 1976-77) to thnd durmg 1977-78. !he suryey year. Manuf<-cture of. beverages, tobacco and tobacco products, is another Important Indu<;tnal group worthy of menfIon as In output Th'lnjavur occupies tlurd place next to Madras and North Arcot districts re~pec~lvely. The output of the dis'rict in ,-lus group IS Rs. 521 lakhs and it's Statc share accounts to 11 20 per cent. AccordIng to IndustrIal profile of TamIl Nadu 1981 the dlstnbutIOn of factOrIes accordmg to major industry group (as per the NIC-1970) dUTIng the year 1971-78 IS mentlOlled below ._ . Industry DescriptlOl1. Number of group. factories. (1) (2) (3) 20-21 Manufact,un of food products 189 22 Manufacture of beverages, tobacco and tobacco products 20 23 Manufacture of cotton textiles 3 24 Manufacture of wool, silk and synthetIc fibre textIles 6 25 Manufacture of Jute, hemp and mesta textiles 26 Manufacture of textile products (lncludmg weaving apparel o' :;_~cr than foot-wear). Manufacture of wood and wood products, furniture and fix'ure~ 30 Industry Description. Number of group. facto,-ies. 0) (2) (.3) 28 Manufacture of paper and paper products and prIntIng, publishmg 30 and allied lndustnes. 29 Manufacture of leather <.nd leather and fUr products (except repair) 30 Manufacture of rubber, plastIc, petroleuln and coal products 6 31 Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products (except products of 16 petroleum and coal). 32 Manufacture 0' non-metahc mIneral products 2 33 BaSIC metal and alloy Industries 18 34 Manufacture of metal products and parts except machtnery and trans 8 port equlpments. 35 Manufacture of machtnery, machlne tools and parts except electrical 5 machinery. 37 Manufacture of transport equlpments and parts 3 38 Other manufacturIng Industnes 4 39 Rep3.ir services 20 40 Electnclty 346 The principal characteristlcs of all the industnes ln Thanjavur dlstrict,with their percentage contnbution to the ovcralllndustnal sector of Tamt! Nadu dunng the year 1977-18, are re produced hereunder :- Serial Principal characteristics. NumbC'r. Rupees Percentage number. in lakhs. of State's share. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) 1 Factories 34G 4.03 2 FIxed cap1tal 1,551 103 3 Productive capItal 2,230 I.l() 4 Employees 15,164 2.16 5 Emoluments 401 1.91 6 Output 4,980 l.21 1 Value added 689 0.84 Thanjavur has been from early days a flourishmg centre of cottage Industnes'and handicraft3 alike Handloom sdk and cotton sans of the dlstnct arc renowned cnd stilI chenshed. Next to hand loom com ''i m"t mdustry. Mats made of korai, srew plne, palm and coconut leaves are much in demand. Th.:: luat weaving IS sp,'ead over a number of places, but the superior varieties of lnats are made III ChakkarapaIlt, Pakklnth~llkkal and Mudukkur. Ornamental fans: are made out of palmyra leaves; th::yare artlstlcallyp:llnted and decorated WIth gold foIls and silk threads. Thedist rict IS also fdmou> for a WIde range of utIhty and decoratIve artIcks lIke Thanjavur bell mctal plates,bronze images,bowh, n'lpktn and powder boxes,etc., made ~fcopper and brass With Inb,Ylng and engravJng work of motIfs dra",n Crom Hindu my Handloom industry occupIes an important place In the economy of Than_Javur dIstnct as It provides hvehhood to more than 72,000 p00pIe In the dlstnct. The number of handlooms has increased substant Jal1ydunng the recent years and In 1981, it IS reported that the number of looms in ThaDj<'vur dIstnct stood at 12,110. Of these, about 54 per cent ale In the Co-operahvo fold and the rest are In the private sector. Handloom goods, worth more thaujfour crores are In.'rketed through Co-optex units annually. The district even ,oday stands foremo~t In the V Trade and COl(Zmerce.-The trade of the district mamly cons Its of the export of nCe, fish handloom cloth, silk and cotton saris,metal work and handicraft goods already mentioned in th~ preceding paragraphs The Import Items chefly consis.t of si!k and cotton yarn, brass sheets, copper, tImber and other consumer goods. The trade IS earned on both by raIl and road. The figures of the export and import are however not a vaiIa ble. So far as the sea-borne trade is concerned, most of the exports and imports pass through the port of Nagappattmam and only a very small amount of the trade is earned on at the other ports. The trade of Nagappattim:.m IS not exclusively the trade of Thanjavur alone but mcludes nearbY' districts also which are connected by rail and road. As per the Annual Statistlcal Abstract of Tamil Nadu year ] 979-80 issued by CommiSSioner of StatIstics, the quantum of foreIgn trade through the port of Nagappattmam during the year 1978-79 was of the order of Rs. 1,078 lakhs of which Rs. 304 and 774 lakhs were imports and exports respectIvely. The following statement shows the number of steamers and salling vessels entered and cleared dunng' the year 1979_80 at Nagappattinam port:- ' Tn ballest from forelgll countries. In bal/est to foreign countries, ___-,- __ _A_ ------. r-.------~ Number afvessels Discharged m Number oj vessels -Lo-a-d.~e-d-l-n-----,. handled tonnes. handled. tonnes. (1) (2) (3) (4) 65 25,850·8 15 29,909'9 To help the traue and commercial establishments, ~here were in all 221. banks functioning in various parts of the distrIct dunng 1980-81. FIve Private JOInt Stock registered companies were also operating In the district during 1981., Trml~port and communicatlOns.-There IS nCIthcr any national highways passing through the .ji<;tr.::: Ilot It is directly bnked With the Stat~ capital by air. Tho nearest aIrport is at Tiruchirap n3Ui ].t a d i 3ta'1.ce of 65 km. Thsnajvur tcwn is however an important metre-gauge railway junction ;:,i '." 'T')t hnked WIth any broad gaug~ ratlway line so far. The metre-gauge rail links it direct ..lIt 1 '1l1~_~s and other' nelgb.bo:Iring towns III the State served by the metre-gauge line. As per the ~.,trict Sta.tls~lcal Handbook of Thanjavur for the year 1980-81 issued by the-Department or Statlst'cs. Tam'l Nadu, there are In all 96 raIlway stations with :3 net-work of 375 kms. of railway hne In the district. 32 The district has a good net-work of roads extendIng to 22,486 kms. The follm\ing stat;;rncnt from the Annual StatIstical Abstract of Tamil Nadu for the year 1979-80 issued by COmm1::>SlOner .of Statistic!> shows the length of roads in kms. in tIle district managed. by van0U~ agenoes :- Length of road,- In Kms. ..A.-____ ---.. Scrt'1lllumner and managed by. r- Surfaced. Unsllrfaced. Total. (1) (2) (3) (4) 1 Ccntral Government 46 9 55 2 State Government 3,378 1,378 4.756 " Corporatton and Municlpaltties 414 99 513 4 Panebayat and Pancbayat Unions 1,675 4,244 5,919 5 Other au1ho r:ttes 5,513 5,730 11,243 ----- Total .. 11,026 11,460 22,486 ----- There are about 194 registered motor transport undcrtakmgs in the dIstrict. The Cholan Roadways Corporation serVIce WIth headquarters !l.t Kumbakonam wIth a fleet strength of 785 buses dUring 1981-82 was, however, operaimg throughout the dIstriCt. It has been estImatcd that there were III all 118 city and town serVIces aganist 398 muffassil ordmary serVIces. 'Operational and performance Statistics for December 1980, Issued by ManagIng Director of ThiruvaHuvar Transport CorporatIOn Ltd., Madms, also shows that the CorporatIOn is operatmg a fleet of 23 buses III the distnct with 20 buses scheduled to cover seven routes and a total route length of 2,313 km. on an average doing 40 single tnps per day. Besides, the CorporatIoQ is also plying four schedule buses on two inter-State routes covermg a route length of 734 kms. with 8 smgle trips per da.y. The Annual Statistical Abstract of TamilNadu (1979-80) further shows that dUring the year the followmg 3,365 registered transport and 7,206 non-transport vehIcles were operating in the district :- Transport vehicles. Non-transport vehicles. ~ __-,~~-_.....A... ___ r-- ______A..._- __- __--~ ----~ Type. Number. Type. Numblu. (1) (2) (3) (4) State carriages 744 Motor cycles, scooters and mopeds 4.752 Auto-rickshaws 27 Carts 1,690 Taxi 174 Station wa.gons and jeeps 139 Luxury coaches, Omnt buses, etc. . . 12 Goods vehicles (L M.V.) 103 Goods vehIcles 642 Tractors 467 Tractors 882 Otbers 55 Others 884 Through the port of Nagappattinam, however, passengers either to Maleysia or from Malaysia have been reported. Dur;ng the year 1979-80, tht· passengers dIsembarked were of the order of 3,884 against 1,959 passengers embarked. The district has fairly a good number of post and telegraph offices functIOning in lts entin len"'th and breadth. The DIstrict StatistIcal Handbook of Th")llJavur for the year 1980-81 pro;ides a list of the Communicational facihties avialable in the dIstnct as on 31st MaIch 1981. Accordmg to the details pl'ovided, there are In all 359 departmental post ano telegraph offices against· 722 eKtra-departmental post offices. In additIon, there are 266 telegraph offices. The total number of post boxes and letter boxes in the distnct stand at 35] and 6,266 n;spectively. The total number of telephones op<"rating III the dIstrict stand at 8,714. Trere are 446 telephone booths avaIllj.ble for publIc calls. Major Soclal, Cultural and Political events.-All important SOC13J, cultural and polItIcal events which occurred in the clistnct during the decade 1972-81 have been bnefly mentIOned in the sub joined paragraphs :- 1973-0n 17th and 18th April 'Indira Vizha' was celebrated at Poornbuhar. 1975-20th March witnessed the bifurcation of Nagappattinam taluk into two independent taluks namely Nagappa.tinam and Thiruvaur; the l~tter was a sub-taluk of the undivided taluk. On the same date, Pcravurar i an independent sUb-taluk was upgraded into full fledged taluk. 1916-Stato Asscmbly wa.s dissolved on 3111t January and Preiidcnt's rule ...all impose('(. 1917---Genoral elections to tho State Assembly were holl! on 19th luno. During 3rd and 4th week of October and 3rd week of Novombat. the district was lallk~ . 'With heavy rains and :floods submerging Kuruvai paddy lI!nds (about 83,000 hectares), banaDa. ;plantations, etc .• and rendering thousands of people homeless. A cyclonic storm with a winMahamaham at Kumbakona.m was held on 1st March followed by Kumbabishegam of Big temple at Thanjavur on 3rd April. The year can also be singled out for the r()vival of Theppam festival in Kodavasal aftar a period of 21 years. Elections to State Assembly were held on 28th and 31st of May. Places of Religious and H.starical importance and Tour;:.,t interest.-The Cholas ofThanjavur (9th to 12th century) were not only grea.t conquerors but also mighty bUIlders, who erected a large num':>er of temples in their empire, some of which constitute the finest historical monumepts and ,sp;}cim"ns of South Indian architecture. Although they inherited tna traditional architectural skills of th" P.lUava<;, yet the ejifi::es erected during their time re:flect the unique glory and geniu$ of their authors. Koccongen, Adltya I, Rajaraja I, Rajendra are some of the well known Chola rulers who sh9wed a. kten zeal in tho religious sphere and have left lasting monuments of their greatness to poste1'lty. Tneyencouragoo fine arts iu the service of these tomples like the sculptute. painting, wood carving, music and dance. The sculptures, the paintings and the inscriptions in the pa.ssages of the sanctum3 in elegant Chola Grantha and Tamil letters portray to what extent th':l great arts ha:1 fl.ourished especially uder Rajaraja I (985-1014). ·With a colossal effort, paralleled only by the ancient Egptian kings. he built the most magnificient temple of Rajaraje.wara at Thal1- .Javur. the finest specimen of Tamil architecture'. The temple is remarkable for it's stupendous proportions and bold simplicity of desiga and continues to remain a historical monument of glory and a spiritu31 solace. ~ It nlOls been estimated that during 1981, there were in all 5,939 temples in the district. out of which 4,670 are under tne management of Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Board. The following statement show~ the chssificatioD of tho temples by presiding deities :- Serial Name of deities. Number of 'number. temples. (I) (2) tJ) 1 Vinayagar 957 2 Mnrugan - ."'9 3 Siva - - - 1.115 4 Vishnu - 1,051 5 Village goddesses 2,3g2 6 Others - - - - 325 Total ... 5,939 There are numerous shrines of religious and historical importance in the district. Among these. some selected ancient temples are briefly described in the sub-joined paragraphs. Sri Adikumbeswaraswamy temple is an ancient shrine of all India importance at Kumba konam. Kumbakonam was the capital of Chola kings in 7th century A.D. and is a well known ;pilgrim centre for both. Saivites and Vaishnavites. The presiding deity of this temple is Lord Adi K.umbe~wara and his consort is Sri Mangalambigai. The temple was in existence even in 1~-1-5 34 the 7th century A.D. It was built by a Chola King and the temple building itSelf would seem to have been extended and improved by. the Nayak (ulers. The temple, Coven, an area of more· than 4 acres and bears stone Inscriptlons. Lord Kumbeswara IS a Swayarnbu lmgam, Sri Mangal-· ambIgm 18 III standmg pose. On a single block of stone m the Navarathn Maudapam all the twenty-seven stars and twelve' Rasis' have been carved out. Of the festIvals celebrated almost every month, the Makham festival III the month of MasI (February-March) is the most Im portant. Once m 12 years the Mahamakham festival IS celebrated when lakhs of ptlgnms from far and WIde worshIp in full reverence and take a bath In the holy Theertharn, the Mahama kham tank The temple IS managed by a Board of three honorary trustees and a paid EXeCl.ltive Officer appomted under the prOVISIOns of a scheme of admltllstratlOn settled by the HIndu Reli- gious and Chantable Endowments Board. . The a,1Cieut shnne of Sri Sarangapamswamyat Kumbakollam is dedIcated to Lord Vishnu and-' was bUllt m~re than a thousand ye r8 ago. Sn Sarangapamswamy, Aravamudhan and Srl Komala valh Thayar are the presidmg deitIes of th ... temple. The shrme of the Lord has been designed to look ltke a chanot WIth wheels and horses. The temple covers an area of over three acres and has a p:;:goda and two prakaras. The Chlthuai and Thai Brahmothsavams, Vasantha Uthsavam, Pavlthra Uthsavam, Navarathri, Margazhi Adhyayana Uth~avam and the floating festival in the month of Pangurt! are the regular festIvals, observed every year, of which the Chitlnrai 'and Thai Brahmothsavarn are the most important; these attract thousands of devotees from the neighbOUring villages and towns. . The temple IS managed by a Board of five trustees and an EXe cutIve Officer, apPoInted by the Hindu RelIgious and Char,table Endowments Board. The Brihadtswarar temple at Th,· njavur known as the Big temple is the most ambitiOUS of the architectural enterprises of the Chola5 and is a fittmg symbol of the 111agnlficlent achieve ments of Ra]araja. True to his surname 'SlVapadasekhara' RajalaJa spared nothing for em bellishing and endowing the great temple. The temple has been oonstructed of granite, mostly of large blocks. It was a colossal task, the plinth of the central shnne IS 45.72 sq. m. and the shrine proper 30-48 sq. m. The most strikmg fea.ture of thIS shrine is its imposmg Vlmanam, which rises perpendicularly from a square base to a hcight of 60·96m. The stone constituting the huge 'Slkhara'Is said to weigh 81.28 tonnes and was raised to its present height by belOg dragged on an ~nclined plane of 6.44 km. length. The big Nandhi made of a single stone is about 2m. high, 6m m length and 2.5m in width and weighs roughly 20 tonnes. The preSIding deity is' 7m. high. The priests have to mount up a ladder for archanai and abishekam. The Rajaraja being a great warnor and conqueror, glorified the theme of 1;'ripuvartaka, the mIghty warrior god. In the sanctum by the side of the mighty Imgam is the copper idol of His consort. There is a sepan te sanctum for the consort Sri Brihannayaki. The Subramanya temple in the outer prakaram, built by the Nayak rulers is an example of delicate but· brilliant c?rvings. The sculptural decoration of the tower is very pleas:iv.g to look at. To the south of the shrine 01 Sri Brihannayakl is the sanctum of Sri Natarcjar and Sri Sivakamasundari; both the idols are made of copper. The highest achievement in plastic art in the Chola period is revealed m the fine series of the one hundred and eight dance poses carved all around the Inner walls of the first floor of the temple. These form an invaluable document in tbe hIstory of Indian art. The-' important festIvals that are celebrated ill the temple are the Brahmothsavam III Chlthlrai. SlVaratbri", Arudhal'a Darshanam, Thai 'Poosam, Masi Magham, Skanda Shasti, Pavguni Uthiram and Vinayaga Chathurthi. The temple IS under the admInistration of-the Tan]ore palace Devastbanam. The heredItary Trustee IS assisted in the admir.istration by the Treasurer and Manager appointed' by the Hindu Religious znd CharItable Endowments Depl1rtment, Government of Madras. The ancient temll/e ~f Sri Maluranatlzaswamy is situated at Mayuram, a town deriving its name from tlUs renowned temple .• The' presid'ing deity is a.' Swayambu Lingam with Consort known as Ablmyapratfuamblkai, kdbayambikai;· Anjl1lanaya'kl, Anjalai, etc. meamng one who gave i'efuge to.the pea=-hen., The inspiring temple measures :719' x~' and has a nine-storeyed in;t?osing gopUl.:.~m, 1114 ft. Qi,$h oq the eas,tern .en>tranc~", The p.ncieJ?t _temple is said to have been built dUrIng the penod of the famous Chola kmgs. Some renovatIOns were done to the temple: about 400 yeats ago:""'" Tbel"'e" are many sn'iaU shfines f1~re of" which three are dedicated to Sri Vinayagar,.one f()Fo Lord.Natarajar and the-Fest to·other-deIties .• Navarathri, Adi Pooram,. Avani Moolam, Kartlugai, Skandha Sashti, Thula Uthsavam in Ayppasi and the Vaikasi Brah mothsavam are, ,the regular annual fesh v~ Is celebrated attracting thousands and thousands or pilgrims. The affairs of the temple IHe managed by the head of the Thiruvaduthurai Adheenam who is the heredlt~ry Trustee of the temple. Sri Swaminathaswamy temple is built on an artificial hillock about sixty feet high in Swami malai, the renowned place of pilgrimage in South India. This ancient shrine is said to have been built by the famous king Kartha Veeryarijuna_ The main shrine is a specimen of old archi. tecture while the rest a.re by recent renovations. The bill temple is provided with a fiigllt of sixty steps. The presiding deities are the life-style images of Muruga and SiVa, the former imparting the divine message to the latter. Sri Swaminathaswamy is represented by a six feet high granite icon in a standing posture offering a spectacular view to devotees. In the ground :1'1.001' of the temple, thore are separate shrines dedicated to Sri Sundareswarar and &oddess Meenak:shi. 0 l' 35 "the major festivals, mention may be made of the six day Skandha. Sashti. Valli Kalyanam and tho -ten day Thirukkarthigat whlch attract thousands of devotees. The affairs of the temple are managed by an Executive Officer and a Board of Trustees consisting offive members, all appointed by the Hllldu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department. Sri Thyagarajaswamy temple in Thiruvarur dedicated to Lord Siva, Sri Vedaranyaswamy temple dedicated the Lord Siva in Vedaranniyam Was renovated by the Chola Rulers. Smce both App3.r and Sambandar have worshipped the Lord here, the temple ·should have been in eXIstence pnor to 7th century A.D. Srt Vedaranyaeswarar and IiIs consort -Sri VedanayakI Amman are the preSIding deities of the temple. It covers an area of 6 acres and has some 90 stone inSCrIptions. The temple is fashIOned hke the Thlruvarur temple and has two prakaras and a tower. There are three ma.ndapas In the temple preCIncts. The regular annual festIvals observed in the temple are Brahmotsavam, 18 days theerlhavari festIval dUrIng Masi makham, Mah::l.sivarathr., Pangunt Uthlram, Weddtng of the Lord and His consort on the Sukla -Sapth::tmi day, Skandasash:i (Surasamhltam), Karthlg'll Decpam, Dh'!llur Pooja (Thlluvalhlrai), Poosam and Pongal. Of lhese, the 'Thlrukalyana Utsavam' dUrIng the month of Chtlhirai IS the most Important o'nc, whIch attracts a large congregation of devotees from the nCIghbo,unng viIIages, taluks and ~tstrIc:s. An Executive Officer and a stngle heredItary. trustee appolTI~cd by the Hllldu Religious and Charitable Endowments Board are managing the affairs of the temple. The district is also famous for a few Muslim shrines wh1ch are thronged by thousands of devotees w.ho cOhle In full faIth to evoke the blesslDgs of the salnis entombed there. One such 'ShrIne where SaInt Shck,h Alauddin SahIb is entombed i 1 1 A famous ROman Cathohc pllgnm centre IS located at' Velankanni, six mIles 50utn of Naga PlPattinam. The church here dedlcattd to 'Our Lady of Health' dra'\\s thousands of pIlgrims including people of other faiths also. The annual festival is held in the first week of September and continues till 8th Si;ptember. the day of Saint Mary's bitrthday. Pilgrims mostly catholic christians from all over India throng the place to complete their VOv.s and seek holy bleSSing. Among other things, the church mSlntams a museum whIch is '\\orth viSltmg due to a number o:f rare gift articles mostly In silver and other presentatIOns ofi"ued to the Lady of Health by the devctees i.lieu of getting cured of tbeir diseases or having got the fulfilment of their che:risbed wishe5 and tiesires. Othe:r famous churches in the district are at Tranquebar town kno'\\n as the Jesrusalam elturc)). the Zion church and the chUrch of Our Lady of Rosery. Apart from the selected religious places of historical importence out-lined in the pre«dillg paragraphs. other places of interest for the teuTlsts are SaTBb~athy M"hal library and Art galIe:ry... Sangeetha Mahal, Bird and wild life Sanctuary at Point Callmcre, Wtncra fort I?nd a visit to 'l'hiruvaiyaru, Kavenpattinam. Thiruvarur and MayurBm. In the reUowing paragraphs, an attempt is made to briefly deB9ribe the attraction of each of these places hold for the tourist. '1'he Sarabhoji Maharaja palace in Thanjavur i~ a 'Vast building of architectUral gnliideQuT bailt partly by the Nayaks arollnd 1,550 A.D. and partly by the Marathas. It is a grand pile of" Imtldings with huge corridors and spacious haI1s. The palace houSeS the Sara swat hi Mahal library.. wlUeh bas rare collection of ancient books and Jnanuscnpts on a variety of subjects in Sanskrit. Tamil. Telugu. Marathi and other European languages. Among other bco1:s. library is famouS' or 10,000 priceless rare collection of palm leaf and paper menuscripts. In aU there are more t~n 30,QOC) manU6cripts in the hbrary. The two Durhr balls and their surrounding portions of' tile Mahat nowhou'se the Thanjavur Arts Gallery which was inaugurated in 1951. The arts gallet:y etltai'ns a good collection of granite and bronze images end stone sculptures which provide an i1l!light into the rich cultural and historical heritage of Thanja'Vur e~pecially of Chola period. In' tlte palace, anotber place worlh seeing is tbe Sangeetba Mahal. an accoustically perfect music .laall. It is a strilring example of the engineering skill of it's ancient builders. Point Calimere, an important tourist place and a heaven for bird-watchers, i~ situated in 'J'trutturaippundi taluk about 120 kms. from Thanjavur and is the northern point of the Palks _y. The sanctuary here is noted for it's inaredible congregation of black bucks, spotted deer, ",iId pig wild ponies and heavy concentration of migratory waterfeul. Twenty to thirty thousandS' .ffiamlgoes can be seen here at one time during the winter months. During spring when the trees Blld shrubs are laden with wild flUits, thousands of birds like the green pigeons, mynas, barbets .tc. can be seen. A bath in the sea at Kodikkarai, a sacred place nearby, is considered holyes pecially on the new moon day of Thai, Adi and Purattasi. Manora fort is located in the village of Scthubal:a Ch:3ttirem cn the eastern coast 16 kms._ .:If Peravurani. The fort :facing the Bay.of Bengal is an eight storeyed victory tower build by the Maharaja Serfoji, the then ruler of ThanJavuT, In 1814 to commemorate the victory of the British over Nepol{on Bonaparte In the war of Waterloo. The tower has steps in a circular way which.. look enchanting and one can have a panoramic VIew of the green surroundings and the sea from this 30 metres high tower. This place IS presently under the care of the Central Archaeological :F>epartment as a protected monument. Of late, it has tecome a picnic spot and people do come te enjoy their week-ends here. 'Thiruvaiyaru in Tamil means five holy rivers and this to'\\n derives its name by virtue of tho :live branches of the holy Cauvery which flow WIthin a dIstance of 8 kms. of the town. The asme of the five branches are Vadalaru, Vennaru, Vettaru, Kudamurutti and Cauvery. '1'lle to'Wn is considered to be as holy as Hanaras and it is a cemmon belief t hat to die here is an eternal blessing leading to salvation. The temple of Panchandiswara in the town is considered as. tIle Chief among the seVen shrlDes called Sapthasthalam. 'the place is also known after several 'l\'t!D klllown musicians and composers. The v cat saint and singer Thyagaraja liVed and died. ~e aJt() the annual festi ....al at his 'samadhi' ~n the bask oftlte rivor is well knoWB asd is attcliltled t'~ ., aU tke eelebratee .1lsoiU$ -of t'_ .S.ate. 37 KaYirip@ompattillam, known in classics has Poompuhar, was one of the cbief cities and an important sea-ports of the Chola Kingdom. The anginal city port was submerged in the sea and at present there is only a small village. It is a sacred batlung place, beIDg the confluence of the Mother Cauvery with the sea. The pl Thiruvarur is a place for the musical Trinity and most of the South Indian mUsicIans are c()DDected with it 1D one way or the other. The place is famous for the manufacturing of musical' instruments and w(!1f1)ci-work. The wooden car of Thiruvarur is the blggest of all the temple car! in the State. His10ric Importance of Thiruvarur lies in the lfgend of Manu Chola's just judgement of death on his only son, for kilfing a calf by driving his chariot over the calf. The whole legend has been immorlallfcd by sculptunng it on the south-east portion of the SIva temple and is an interesting sight fo~_ the visitors .. This is now 1reated as one of the protected monuments. Mayuram is an important pilgrim centre. Mayuram means a pea-hen and the legend say that Lord Siva turned His consort PRrvati into a pea-hen because of her disobedience. She ·y;al blessed with her Qrigina} form only after repentence, when she worshipped and bathed in the Ma;yilamman tank. Pilgrims from all parts of the State congregate at the annual Thula festival in October-November. On the occasion, the holy Ganges is believed to mJDgle here \lith Mother Cauvery and a dip in these waters is believed to purie otr the sinl of devotee.. The fottinl is popularly Known as> 'KudamuzhuUu Vi.'. 8 1 oE! Q\ d- -~ rable-1.~'Ihis table furnishes the taluk-wise distribution of inhabited villages according. to the avaIlability of dlfferent amenihes. Among the total of 1,728 lOhabIted VIllages in the dist rict, only the amenity of dnnking water is available to all the inhabited VIllages. Next in the order to avaIl the amenities in the dIstrict are the facIlIty of power supply and educatIon whIch are re corded as 96.99 per cent and 91.84 per cent of the total inhabIted vIllages respectIvely marking second and third place viz. 1,676 and 1,581 villages. 18.24 per cent of the total inhabited villages have got the amerutyof pucca road to their respectIve vIllages in the dIstrIct and ThIruthuraipoondi taluk In particular tops the lIst marking a percentage of 98.80. Medical faclhties in thIs distnct are surprisingly poor and that only 23.43 per cent or 405 of the total Inhabited viIllages have got the amenity of medical. 63.59 per cent of the vIllages have got the Post and Telegraph facIli ties. Regarding communicatJon faCIlIty, about 1,244 villages avail this amemty whIch works out to 71.99 per cent .. The amemty of Market/hat has recorded a low percentage of 3.81 among the ameDltIes avaIlable'Ill the dIstnct VIZ. only 66 VIllages out of the total 1,128 Vlllages have got the faCIlity of Market/hat III theIr respective villages. 8 1'" J ...; .c ..... 41 Table 2.~This table furnishes the proportlOn of rural population of inhabited V1lIages served by different amenitIes. The total populatIOn of the mhablted villages m the district is 3,126,588. It is noteworthy that the entIre populatIOn of the dIS(f1ct avail the amenIty of dnnlang water to cent per cent. The amerutles of educatIOn and power supply are available to 91.40 per cent and 97.38 per cent of the total populatIOn, resepectlvely, VIZ., educational faCIhties are avaIlable to 3,045,555 persons and power supply IS available to 3,044,981 persons. The amenity of pucca road is avaIlable to 84.82 per cent of the tOial populatIon of the dlstnct Or 2,652,067 persons. Communication facilities are available to 8L01 per cent of the people In the dl<;;tnct and Post and Telegraph to 78.72 per ceut of the population or 2,461,480 persons. Medical facIlities in the district are available only to 35.81 per ceut of the people, VlZ., 1,119,754 persons. The market/hat facilItIes are avaIlable to 7.21 per cent of a total rural populatIon which is the lowest of all the amellIties avaIlable to the people In the district. 42 -" I~ I~ I .~ 11 l~ i.' + -..... 12-1-6A 44 -e- I 45 TABLE 6-MAIN STAPLE FOOD IN THE MAJORITY OF VILLAGES IN EACH TALUK. Serial Name of Taluk. Main Staplefood. number. (1) (2) (3) 1 Sirkazhi Rice. 2 Mayuram Rice. 3 Tiruvidaimarudur Rice and Millets. 4 Kumbakonam Rice. S Nannilam Rice. 6 Papanasam Rice. 7 Thiruyaiyaru .. Rice. 8 Thanjavur Rice. 9 Orattanadu Rice and Millets. 10 Mannargudi Rice. 11 Thlruvarur .. Rice. 12 Nagappattinam Rice and Millets. 13 Tirutturaippundi Rice. 14 Vedaranniy~ m Rice. 15 Pattukkottai Rice. 16 Peravurani Rice and Millets. Table 6.-This table furnishes the main staple food in terms of grains consumed by tho majority of the population of the villages in each taluk. There are 16 taluks in the district and only rice is used as the main staple food in 12 taluks. In the remaining 4 taluks, rice is used along with the millets as the main staple food, viz., Thiruvidaimarudur, Orattanadu, Nagappattinam Rnd Peravurani taluks. 46 TABLE 7-DISTRIBUTION OF VILLAGES ACCORDING TO LAND USE. Number of Percentage oj Percentage mhablted Total cultivable ofimgated Senal Name o/Taluk. vzllages. area. area to area to num- total area. total ber. cultivable area. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) 1 Sirkazhi 77 40,636.71 68.89 95.29 2 Mayuram 177 69,551.77 86.04 85.73 3 TlruvIdaimarudur 83 25,167.57 81.81 79.41 4 Kumbakor.am 86 25,329.41 85.81 77.51 5 Nanmlam 230 76,208.65 83.91 91.79 6 Papanasam 148 56,567.15 81.40 89.07 7 Thiruvaiyaru 80 26,093.47 80.72 84.78 8 Thalljavur 85 57,596.68 75.69 72.02 9 Orattanadu 94 58,752.05 72.72 72.71 10 Mannargudi 144 75,243.56 85.13 85.70 11 Thiruvarur 88 29,676.06 82.21 91.45 12 Nagappattinam 59 29,195.15 73.70 80.23 13 Tirutturalppundi 84 54,056.25 66.71 84.46 14 Vedaranniyam 59 49,382.99 70.95 32.58 15 Pattukkottai 155 68,549.43 76.44 73.38 16 Peravurani 79 28,337.23 70.44 72.75 ------Total 1,728 770,344.13 78.01 79.96 ---- Table 7.-ThIS table gives the distrIbution of inhabited vIllages according to land use. The total area of 1,728 inhabited villages is 770,344.13 hectares of which the percentage of the cultivable area to the total area works out to 78.01. The percentage of the Irrigated area to the total cultivable area works out to 79.96. The taluks of Mayuram, Kumbakonam, Nanm1am, Papana5am, Thiru vidaimarudur, Thrruvalyaru, Mannargudi and Thiruvarur possess the maximum cultIvable area to total area in the district viz, 86.04 per cent, 85'.81 per cent, 83.91 per ceni, 81.40 per cent, 81.81 per cent, 80.72 per cent, 85.13 per cent and 82.21 per cent respectIvely. Thirutturalpundi taluk has recorded the lowest percentage of the cultivable area In the dIstrIct VIZ. 66.71. Regarding the irrigated area in the dIstrict, SlrkazhI taluk has got the highest percentage of 95.29 of irrigated ,area to total cultivable area. Vedarannlyam taluk recordes the lowest percentage of 32 58 in ths: district. 47 • (!:aJDUL 000<1 Jad' saJPUlV./ fO JaqwnN) 01JD~ xaS '("UDI 'bs ..Iaa UO]tvlndocI) SnSllaa 'uoyvlnd'°cI uvq.lfl ul UOIJV/..lVtI. aZvJua;>.lad' /vpv;>aa + + + uvq.lfl 'U01Jvlnd0cI uvq.lfl i l ( • (S3/VW 000" [ .l '('ZU::>[ ·b.~ .laa UOIJ171ndocI) iCnsuaa 'uo]JvlndoJ U17q.Jfl_ ul uOIJvl.JvtI. afiPIuo;>.laa /vpvJaa + + 'uouvzndocI §:; uvq.l12 .10 afivJua:JJ. ---.. I 'uOJJv/ndod uvq.lfl e f l ! I --- -~ 48 TABLE 9-NEW TOWNS / TOWNS DE94ASSIFIED IN 1981 CENSUS. Name oj Town. PopulatlOfl in 1981 Census. (1) (2) (a) Added (i) Tlrubuvanam (b) Declassified. NIL. Table 9.-This table reveals that only one town has been recognised as new town in ThanJavur ctlstm;t dunng 1981, wlnle no town bas been declassified. 49 2~~~~ Q~~QO~ \000 OO\C 00 N l(")t'---('f')("f")C\_ ~f,gg~ 0....000...0_ ('\jOO\V') ~~~G~o@ !";~~~ ~\OlI")o\..n\Ci~ ..r.nt-=..o ~~~;;;i!~~ ~~8~ ~~N$~~~ ~~;og! ~~~t=; oorn""""- _ ...... C"'> ('~fri!::: r'~Nf"') .._ ("f"') If) 0\ 50 :~~~~~;;;8gg~~ . 3 1 1 :B~~~~~~~~~,~ ""OMOOONs-=~Mw-)Vc-r) I~ I 51 TAllLB ll-SCHOOLS PER TEN THOUSAND POPULATION IN TOWNS. Number per ten thousand population. Serial r------____~ Ifnumber. Class. Name and Civic Status HIgher Secondary/ Junior Primary. o/Town. Secondary/ MalncuJa- Secondary/ Inter I ti on. Middle. PUC!Jurrior College. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)4 (6) 1 IV Aduthurai alias Maruthuva 0.95 0.95 0.95 kudi (N.P.) . 0.95 2 Akkaraipettal .. See Nagappattinam Urban Agglomeration. 3 IV Ammapettal (N.P.) _. 1.55 1.55 2.33 2.33 4 Andanappettai See NagappaltInam Urban AgglomeratIon. 5 ill AtJrampattinam (N.P.) 0.41 0.47 0.41 3.31 6 IV Ayyampcttai (NP) 0.88 1.75 3.51 6.14 7 Dharasuram .:. See Kumbakonam Urban Agglomeration. 8 Kumbakonam See Kumbakonam Urban AgglomeratlOn. Kumbakonam Urban Agglomeration 0.63 0.85 1.27 I Kumbakonam (M) 0.68 0.90 1.28 2.40 V Dharasuram (NP) 1.12 2.41 2.23 9 IV Kuttalam (NP) 0.96 0.96 2.88 10 IV Kuttanallur (NP) 0.51 0 51 1.54 2.88 11 II Mannargudl (M) 0.58 0.58 0.97 1.54 12 II Mayuram eM) 0.74 0.89 1.48 3.48 13 IV Muttllpet (NP) 1.21 1.21 1.21 3.69 2.43 14 Nagappattinam See Nagappatiinam Urban Agglomeration. Nagappattinam Urban Agglomeration 0.44 0.77 1.43 IT Nagappattinam (M) " 0.48 0.85 1045 3.20 V Akkaralpettai (GP) " 1.52 3.14 VI Andanappcttal (GP) 3.04 8.10 15 V Nldamangalam (NP) 1.52 1.52 3.05 4.57 16 IV Orattanadu (Mllkthambal 1.94 1.94 puram) (NP) 1.94 3.87 11 ZV Papanasam (NP) 1.54 1.54 18 Pattukkottal (M) 1.54 3.08 m 0.40 0040 1.41 19 ill Sirkazhi (M) . 1.18 2.63 1.18 1.51 5.49 20 li ThilnJavur (M) 0049 0.82 21 IV Th.iruvalyaru (NP) 1.03 2.39 1.43 2.14 2.85 4.28 22 m Tfuru varllr (M) 0.46 0.92 23 IV Tlrubuvanam (NP) 2.29 4.12 2.83 2.83 24 IV TJrukkattuppaUi (NP) 0.83 1.67 25 IV Tlrumullalv;;IsaI (OP) 2.50 4.17 0.97 0.97 1.94 26 IV Tirunageswdram (NP) 0.92 3.81 0.92 1.83 3.66 27 m Tirlltturaippundl (NP) 0.97 0.97 28 IV Tirllvldaimarudur (NP) 1.45 3.38 0.88 0.88 2.65 29 IV Tranquebar (NP) .. 1.01 3.54 1.61 2.69 6.45 30 V Vaitheeswarankoil (NP) 1.11 1.71 31 V Valanglman (NP) 1.71 3.43 107 1.07 1.07 32 m Vedaranwyam (NP) 0.15 3.22 0.75 1.88 4.52 ALL TOWNS 0.69 0.90 1.50 3.16 Table 11.-It is seen from Table 11 that for every 10,000 urban populatlOn in Thanjavur district, thc ratio of Higher Secondary Schools is 0.69, Secondary Schools 090, Middle Schools 1.50 and Primary Schools 3.16. Of the 28 towns where Higher Secondary Educatjonal faCIlIties are avatlable, 20 towns have hIgher proportion of Higher Secondary Schools per 10,000 population tban the distnct average. Out of 28 towns, having Secondary Schools, 18 towns have higher proportion than the district average. In respect of middle schools, out of 31 towns 19 towns have higher proportion than the district average. All the 32 towns have Primary Schools. U-1-7A ;52 TABLE 12-NUMBER OF BEDS IN MEDICAL INSTITUTIONS IN TOWNS. Serial Class, Name and Civic Status of Number of beds in medical instiulions number. the Town. per 1,000 popuiallon. (1) (2) (3) 1 IV Aduthuxal alIas Maruthuvakudi (NP) 0.47 2 Akkaraipe.t&i See Nagappathnam Urban Agglomeratton. 3 IV Ammapettai (NP) 0.62 4 Andanapettai See Nagappattinam Urban Agglomeration. 5 m Atuampattinam (NP) 0.76 6 IV Ayyampettal (NP) 1.32 7 Dharasuram See Kumbakonam Urban Agglomeration. 8 Kumbakonam .. See Kumbakonam Urban Agglomeration. Kumbakonam Urban AgglomeratIOn. 1.88 V Dharasuram (NP) I Kumbakonam (M) 2.00 9 IV Kuttalam (NP) •. 1.15 10 IV Kuttanallur (NP) 0.62 11 II Mannargudi (M) 2.71 12 n Mayuram (M) .. 1.83 13 IV Mut tupet (NP) .. 0.61 14 Nagappattinam See Nagappattinam Urban AgglomeratlOJl._ Nagappattinam Urban Agglomeration 3.60 V Akkaralpettai (GP) VI Andanappettai (GP) II Nagappattinam (M) 3.94 15 V Nidamangalarn (NP) 16 IV Orattanadu (Mukthambalpuram) (NP) 1.94 17 IV Papanasam (NP) 1.23 18 III Pattukkottm (M) 2.14 19 ill Sirkazhi (M) \ . 2.20 20 I Thanja ... u.r (M) ., , . ~ 6.71 21 IV Tluruvai yaru (NP) 22 m Thlruvarur (M) 2.08 23 IV Tlrubuvanam (NP) 24 IV TirukkattuppallJ (NP) 2.11 25 IV Tirumullalvasal (GP) 0.39 26 JV "11runageswaram (NP) .. 27 m Llrutturaippundi (NP) .. 4.06 28 IV Tn:uvidaimarudur (NP) 1.42 29 IV Tranquebar (NP) 1.29 30 V Vaitheeswarankoil (NP) 2.23 31 V valangiman (NP) 1.01 32 III Vedaranniyam (NP) 0.60 ALL TOWNS 2.84 Table 12.-This table gives the number of beds in medical institutions per 1,000 urban population in each town. The distnct average is 2.84 beds per 1,000 urban popUlation. There are 25 towns lfl Thanjavur: district, where bed facilities are. aV!l-ilable in the hospital. Out of25 towns, three towns h51ve hlgher.D;um?er of beds than the dlstnct average of 2.84, the highest being 6.77 in Thanjavur Mumclpa!lty. 53 TABLB 13.-PROPORTION OF SLUM POPULATION IN TOWNS. Proportion OJ DensIt1 Class, Name and Civic Status oj the slum in alums the Town.1I< population to (per sq. km.). total population oj the town. (1) (2) (3) I Kumbakonam (M) II Mannargudi (M) 10.01 28.561 II Mayuram(M) - II Nagappattinam (M) - I Thanjavur (M) _. - - - - *For Qass I and II towns only. Table 13.-It can be observed from the Table 13 which furnishes the proportion of slum population in class I and IT towns. that only Mannargudi Municipal Town has slums. The proportion of the slum population to the total population of the town is 10.01. 54 TABLE 14.-MOST IMPORTANT COMMODITY MANUFACTURED, IMPORTED AND EXPORTED IN TOWNS. Serial number, Class, N arne Most important commodity. and Ci"ncStatus of the r Town. Manufactured. Exported. Imported. (1) (2) (3) (4) 1 IV Aduthurai alias Paddy Malathuvakudi (NP). 2 Akkaraipettal See Nagapattmam Urban Agglomeration. 3 IV Ammapettai (NP) Silk Sarees Groundnut 4 Andanappettai .. See Nagappattinam Urban Agglomeration. 5 III AtIrampattinam (NP) Salt Dry fish. 6 IV Ayyampettai (NP) 7 Dharasuram See Kumbakonam Urban Agglomeration. 8 Kumbakonam ., See Kumba.konaIl) Urban Agglomeration. Kumbakonam Urban See Constituent Units. Agglomeration. V Dharasuram (NP) Silk cloth Silk cloth Silk Yarn. I Kumbakop.3m (M) Silk sarees Chewmg tobal=co and Raw materials Betalnut slices. of silk. . 9 IV Kuttalam (NP) .. Paddy. 10 IV Kuttanallur (NP) Paddy 11 II Mannargudi eM) Safety Matches Safety Matches 12 II Mayuram (M) ._ Sarees Paddy Red Gram. 13 IV Muttupet (NP) .. Coir Coconut. 14 Nagappattinam .. See Nagappattinam Urban Agglomeration. Nagappattinam Urban See Constituent Units. Agglomeration. V Akkaraipettai (GP) VI Andanappettai (GP) II Nagappattinam (M) Steel Alrnirab. Onion Iron billets~ trunk and other furnitures. 15 V Nidamangalam (NP) Paddy 16 IV Orattanadu (Muktham- Paddy Groundnut balpuram) (NP). seeds. 17 IV Papanasam (NP) 18 III Pattukkottai eM) Paddy Red Gram 19 III Sirkazhi (M) It 20 I ThanJavur eM) ._ Scented sticks Cashew nut PUlses. 21 IV Thiruvaiyaru (NP) Sugar Sugarcane Red Gram. 22 III ThlI~uvarur (M) Homeopllthic Paddy medIcines. 23 IV Tirubuvanam (NP) Silk Sarees 24 IV Tirukkattuppalli (NP) Paddy Sugar. 25 IV Tirumullaivasal (GP) Paddy 26 IV Tlrunageswaram (NP) Handloom Cloth. Handloom Cloth Cotton thread. 27 III Tirutturaippundi (NP) Matches Paddy Provisions. 28 IV Tlruvldaimarudur (NP). 29 IV Tranquebar (NP) Fish 30 V Vaitheeswarankorl (NP). 31 V Valangiman (NP) 32 III Vedaranniyam (NP) Salt Salt Fertilizers. Table 14.~Table 14 furnishes the list of most importaIlt commodities manufactured. exported and imported in all the towns of ThanJavur distnct. It can be seen that silk yarn and raw materials of slik are imported. Finished goods of silk and paddy are exported. Section I Village Directory S1 NOTE EXPLAINING THE CODES USED IN VII:.LAGE DIREG'rORY NA InformatIOn not available. EDUCATlONAL P Primary or Elementary School. M Junior Secondary or Middle School. H Matriculation or Secondary School. PUC HIgher Secondary/Intermediate jPre-UniversityIJunior College. C College, Any College (Graduate level and above) like Arts, Science, Commerc,"" etc. 1 Industrial School. Tr Training School. Ac Adult Literacy Class/Centre. o Other educational institutions. These include Sanskrit PathJkala, Senior Basic School, Makhta.b, etc. MEDICAL H Hospital. MCW .. Maternity and Child Welfare Centre. MH Maternity Home. ewe Child Welfare Centre. HC Health Centre. PRC Primary Health Centre. PHS Primary Health Sub-Centre. D Dispensary. FPC FamIly Planning Centre. TB T.B. Clinic. NH Nursing Home. RP Registered Private Practitioner. SMP Subsidised Medical Practitioner CHW Community Health Worker. o Others. DRINKING WATER T Tap water. W Well water. TK Tank water. TW Tube wen water. HP Hand Pump. R River water. F Fountain. C Canal. L Lake. S Spring. N NalIah. o Other&. POST AND TELEGRAPH- PO Post Office TO Telegraph Office P'lO Post and Telegraph Office Phone Telephone Connection CQMMUNICATIONS BS Bus RS Railway Station NW Navigable Waterwa.ys (includmg river, canal back-waters, etc.) APPROACH TO VILLAG E- PR Pucca Road KR Katcha Road NR Navigable river NC Navigable canal NW NavIgable water way (other than rivet or canal) POWER SUPPLY ED ElectrIcity for domestic purpose EAG Electricity for AgrIculture EO Electricity for other purposes like industrial, Commercial, etc. EA Electricity for all purposes listed above IRRIGATED BY SOURCE- GC Government Canal PC Private Canal W Well (without electricity) WE Well (with electricity) TW 'l"ubJ-wclI (without electricity) TWE Tube-well (with electricity) TK T~k R River L Lake Wf Waterfall o Others T Total OTHER ASPECTS N Copies oftbe newspapers coming in the village M Motor Cycles/Soooters ava.ilable in the viHage C Cars/Jeeps available in the village T Tractors available in the village No facility availa.ble Nil Particulars 1. StRI(AZI-II TALUK SIRKAZHf TALUK CHIDAMBARAM TAlUK THANJAVUR DISTRICT SOUTH ARCOT DISTRICT /' PANCHAYATUNfONS A Kollidam B Shka:ill ~ KATTUMANNARKOIL TALUK "'~ SOUTH AaCOT DTSTHICT ~ BAY OF BENGAL MAYURAM TALUI< Bounildf~ District •• _ E~a'lat tahi.6n.... _...... u ...... u ••••• Villa#- wi'''' .Location Codo Nllmber.• C=-_-:'!9 __- ~ PostOJlfce, po~ and l'e1eg",pr. of£1C8.. PO PT I':l1ul<' flaaci9!JaJttrll .•• @ VilJag~ ha:vU!3 ropatatiart sao -OW, Hos-pUIl, PnGlar)"htalth ,'entre.. Dl'i,PeIJ$r.ary ._ E9 ~ + • .Materrw.y and CbJld VelfUll ~ntre .. 1000-4997 •• , ., Rest bDttre, TNvd.IeJ.5- b~ RH sooo &. a60vD Urban -Based "'pon Sutvo)' or IrtL~"a map with the permission of the surveyor General of India C Govemment of IndlCl Copyright. 1985• • The territ-qriat w.ater$ of Ir.dia e)(,(end into thesea to adl'if;,iil'Ke of tweNtl' nautical miles mt:asured fr'Q1Tl the appTopria.te base line. P.Z Pre~5,c .S. 0'1 MQ.dl"'ilS.5 61 L\.LPHABETICAL LIST OF VILLAGES. 1. SIRKAZHI T ALUK. ....,1. Name of village. L.c• Vo. No. (I) (2) (3) 1 Achchal~uram 8 2 Agani .. 43 3 Agara Elathur 41 4 Agara Peruntottam 59- 5 Agaravattaram 16 6 Alakkudi 1 7 Alalasundaram 12 8 Alangadu 31 9 Arappakkam .. 36 10 Arappallam 6 11 Arasur .. 28 12 Attiyur 39 13 Erukkur 27 14 Gopalasamudram 21 15 Idaikkudi Vadapadl .. 64 16 Idaimanal 32 17 Kadavasal 34 18 Kadiramangalam 68 19 Kanruyakudi 67 20 Karaimedu 63 21 Karkovil 65 22 Kattiyaniruppu 69 23 Kattur 3 24 Kilaiyur 74- 25 Kil Mattur 40 26 KII Sattanathapuram 61 27 Kondal 48 28 Kunnam 25 29 Kuttiyampettai 20 30 Madanam 17 :31 Madirvelur 23 62 ALPHABBTICAL LIST OF VILLAGES. 1. SRIKAZHI T ALtlK • .sl. Name of vIllage. L.C. No. No. (1) (2) (3) 32 Maharajapuram 30 33 Mahendrapalli 2 34 Mangamadam 60 35 Manigramam 7::' 36 Marudangudi 49 37 Melaiyur 76 38 Mudalalmadu 7 39 Nallanayakapuram 11 40 Nangur 71 41 Nemmeli 47 42 Neyppattur 56 43 Odavandankudi 19 44 Olalyamputtur 38 45 Pachaipperumalnal]ur 29 46 Palaiyapalaiyam 13 47 Pannangudl 18 48 PeruDlangalam 50 49 Peruntottam Pandaravadai .. 58 50 Puduppattanam 4 51 Pudutturai 54 S2 Puliyandurai 5 53 Pllnganur S4 Puttur 20 S5 Radhanallur 7£. 56 Sattanathapuram 52 51 Sempadaniruppu 70 58 Semmangudi 44 59 Siyalam 10 ·60 Sodiyakkud1 22 -61 Tandavangulam 14 63 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF VILLAGES. 1. SRlKAZHI T ALUK. Si. Name ofvtllage• L.C. No. No~ (1) (2) 1•.3) 62 Tcnnampattanam 57 63 1illalvidangan 46 64 Tirukkarugavur 45 65 TtrumayJ.ladi .. 66 Tirunagari 55 61 Tiruppangur 66 (is Tiruvali 62 (i9 Tiruvengadu 73 70 Tittai 53 11 Umaiyalpati 35 72 Vadarangam .. 24 73 Valluvakkudi 42 14 Vanagiri 77 75 Varisaippattu Vadagal 33 16 Vettangudi 15 T1 Vilantidasamudram 37 64 '(I("v," .-... .-.. ,...... /;)IVM 'uOJI .,; ..; ..; Ie r i ~ a I("VM ~ ~ s E 1 -VJS ~ ] ~ §' .,., VI ..1! -l1VU 'dOJS ._, on VI sng) SUO!I I '" (/) I I tI) J_ :~~ tI) tI) til (/) tI) -V:J]unUlUJO;:) ~ I i:I:i ~~~ 'I ~ I ~ i%:I ~ i:I:i I eS.-·~ + r:- .-.. .-... r:- .-.. r:- .-.. -. .-. sol""_l(")._ '" .,; -- :i' ..; .; '/(Uf) 8 EI ~ '"a 6 '"a S1 :-~ ::<:: ~ ..><: ~ ::<:: ..><: ] ] ~ "'t;~:Q ft 'Ivlf{la,/ ! ! >. ..><: l':"" € + + + + + ~ -,IlJW"lflfO 0 0 0 0 + + 0+ "0 + + + .~~~ s; 0 0 J:l <:> 0 <:> S'Avp .10 Ifva ._, 0 Ii ~ r 'I r -I ::E '-" -.~ r r r r r r r -;:.l";:' ....._ ~ ~.!:: --- r:- .-. 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L~ i -i t I ~ t ~ :i! !l e 1<. ~IIt l! j ~ i- i ! !i .g <= ili ~ i ~ i a 1 l~ ! ... j ~ j oF i~ ! 1 ~ 1 ;;:: .§ i j ;el j g '""It w ~ t f Ii i ~ '" ... £ II .! ~ ALPHABETlCAL'LIST" OF VlLJ)AGBS._ , 2. MAYliRAM TAL~! Sf. Name of villages Jl. C. Nil>. No. (1) (2) (3) 1 Agara ·Adanur .. "'. 120 /' 2 AgarakkirangUdi ...... 4 •••• 97 3 Agaravallam .• ...... 134 4 AivRnaIlur .. -.. -, 25 5 Akkurpandaravadaj· ... Do 4S 6 Alangudi - 65 1 Alaveli 34- I Anaimelagaram lOS 9 Anaitandavapuram 3() 10 Ananthanallur 1M> 11 Annavasal 92- 12 Arasur .. IS:! 13 ArivaluT 117 14 Arumolittevan 61 IS Arupa 2. MAYt1JlAM TM"UlC. Sl. Name of .,iIlage.. A.C. No, No. (1) (2) (3) 37 Kadakkam 5 38 Kadalangudi •• 2 39 Kadalangudi •• 6& .co Kadu vangudi 8 .041 Kalahastinathapuram 49 41 Kalanivasal .. 167 43 KalamanaUur .. Sl .... Kali 26 ~~ KaliyapPanallur 84 "IS KanJanagaram 55 41 Kanjivay 152 48 : Kankanaroputtur 23 "9 Kappur 13& ~O Karuppur 1.... 51 Karu valakkarai 53 51 Kasinpn 1T .53 Kattuchchcr; .. l'U~ ,54 Kidan_ial 47 5S Kidarankondan 3' 56 Kilaiyur 3& 57 Kilaiyur lIS 58 Kllay .' IS 59 Kiliyanur 118 60 Kllliyur 86 61 KJI Marudandanallur 23 62 KJI Mattur 88 63 KJl Paruttikkudi 159 64 Kil Perumpallam 42 65 Kodangudi 96 66 KodavJlagam 121 67 Kodlmangalam 153 68 Kokkur 141 69 Kolaiyur 139 70 Komal East 148 71 Komal West 146 1'2. Kondattur 36 73 Konerirajapuram 156 81 ALPHABBTICA~ LIST OF VlLbAGBS. , " 2. MAYURAM TALUK. sl. Name of village. L.C.No No. (1) (2) 74 Korukkai 27 75 Kottangudi 150 76 Kottangudt 131 77 Kovangudi 101 78 Kulichchar 94 79 Kurichchi 7 SO Madappuram 48 81 Madirimangalam 107 82 Maharajapuram .72 83 Mamakudi 44 84 Manakkudl .." 56 85 Manamodu , 4 ~ . 86 Mandai .. liH 87 Manganallur 1"66 88 Manikkappangu .83 . < 'q~ Mannampandal - ~o ,.- 90 Marudampallam 43 91 Maraiyur 1b2 92 Maruttur 147 93 Mattur .. 79 ~4 Mayuram ~9 95 Mekkirimangalam [09 95 Melalyur 54 97 MeIalyur l11 98 Mel Kalangan "\ [54 99 Mel Nallur 20 100 Mel Paruttikkudi .58 101 Mel Pcrumpallam 41 102 Mernattur 89 103 Molaiyur 31 104 MudikondanaUur 3 105 Mud{kondanallur 50 106 Mukkarumbur 78 107 Murugamangalam 64 108 Muitur 91 109 Muvalur 104 110 Nadakkarai 51 1:l-1-11 U ALPHABETICAL LIST OF V)LCAOES. 2. MAYUltAM TALUB:. Sl. Name of village. L.C. No_ No. (1) (2) (3) 111 Nakkambadi .. 162 112 Nalladai 172 113 Nallattukkudl 98 114 Nallavur 15T 115 Namasivayapuram 16 116 Narasinganattam 9(), H7 Nattam 32: 118 Neduvasal 124 119 Nidur .. 60 120 Pagasalai 37 121 Palaiyagudahu 142- 121 Palaiyur 1'51 123 pandaravadai 136- 124 ]>an ,_ 83 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF VILLAGES. 2. MAYURAM TALUK Sl. Name of village. L. c. No. No. (1 ) (2) (3) 148 Talaiyudaiyavar ko'Vilpattu. 40 149 Talancheri 24 150 Tattangudi 168 151 Tiruchchampalli 77 152 Truro Endalur 59 153 TilIaiyadi 126 154 Tiruchchittambalam 1 155 Tirukkadaiyur 80 156 Tirukkalachcheri 175 157 Tirumanancheri 67 158 Tirumangalam 63 159 Tirunalkondachcheri 116 160 Tiruvaduturai 143 161 Tiruvalangadu 108 162 Tiruvalapputtur 12 163 Tir~vidakkali 125 164 Tiruvilaiyattam 123 165 T. Manalmedu 85 165 Toludalangudi 112 167 Udaiyavarkovilpattu .. 46 168 Uluttankuppai 57 169 Uttirangudi .. 129 170 Valuvur 137 171 Vanadirajapuram 69 172 Varadambattu 18 173 Vellalar Agaram 58 174 Vilagam 171 175 Villiyanallur 19 116 Villiyanallur 66 111 Vialu.r 128 z4 ";;;' ";;' -;;- s r '(.(0<1\ El ~ a J81tJ At 'UO!' G- ""on is'" rVIS «tiM C "" "" "'"or> ..:;: " '" W en v.> < ~,...._ N--- 'O~ "",.-...roo. ",,- ':;,Pl°l{ '0(0 0'--' ;::~ ~~ N~ .... 0-. .r;=~ N gs '0'" 0 ",,,,,," >.0 ..,.. _. on ""'<'"> 00'0- .IaqLUnu .-. o-.~ ...... 0 00 .... ;>mOll /0 c:-'" ..... 8 _.-C- ...... ,... .c" ~B :~c ~... c r-c.. ::::!:- _.,~ ~~ pup UOPfJlntlod [11)0.[ ~~ «i"C "'''' ~d ~a. .,.., a- V'I 00 ..... !::; ;I:, \0 <1 ~ 0 -T ~ Gl "".,.; '(':iiJ,ltJpaI[U) ) 3 "" '" N -' 00 ..... '"r.: V'\ ' ..; s ~ ~ ...... ] '" ~ u e :;;; ;a il'" ~ :g ;:l ;.:= 6'0 .... §: :t: "CI" i);. '" en '" 0 ~ :fl ;; 5- ~ ,!!! ~ .§ d 0 "" .! .g :¥ .. '".8 -5 "" " '" ~ '" '0.. ·c ~ 11 .." -g g oS '" e. '" :a ;::; .. 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D,,,,U'\C\. o_ Important Road •. _ T.aluk. a.a..iway IJnew."th station (Ml3tcegaoce) _ I' 1IIIAlIII , II r---~--'" V~lIage with \...ocatt",n Code N'Umber _o.L- _ _§_3__ -J, PO PT @ Pohce sLallon • ~ PS VU:l~ haVIn.g :POf'ulat,Ot\ hel.o..... 200 ••• • •. o Hospital PrI1Ttary' health centre DtspetlSU';l<" 2.00_ 499 ••• .. 1\-tat<:n1.ty and Child 'Ve.tf3l'e 5(100 &ab~ve o • Based upon SUI"V~Y or IndIa map wah the perm lSSion of tfl-e Suroveycr Ge-neral of India. @GCYef"nmentoflndla Copyright. 1985 . p."Z-.P,..ess... c. 50.0 .• Madras.S 109 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF VILLAGBS- 3. "taUVIDAlMARUDUJ.{ T ALUK:. SI. Name of village. L.C. .i.Vo. No • ,(I) (2) (3) 1 Anakkudi 77 2 Aralur 26 3 Attippakkam 21 4 Bhaskarapuram 64 5 Bhagavatapuram 76 6 Bhagavatapuram 80 7 Chidambaranatbapuram 17 8 Clunnakattanagaram 36i' 9 Chinnakattanagaram 49 .J.O Govlndapuram 71 11 Govindapuram 72 12 Govindapuram 73 13 lrumulai 10 14 Kadiramangalam 42 15.... KanJanur 67 16 Kannarakkudi 37 17 Karuppur .. 24 18 Kattanagaram 48 19 K.a.vanur 22 20 Kil Manakkudi 38 21 Kil Mandur 23 22 lUI Suriyamulai 44 23 Kalikutti IS 24 Konattalaippadi 41 25 Kondasamudram 28 26 Kottur 61 27 Kovilramapuraro 20 28 Kulasekharanallur 1 29 Kurichchi .. 18 30 Kuttanur 39 31 Mahadanapuram. 84 32 Maharajapuram 52 33 MaharajapuraJD 63 34 Mana\ur 68 35 Manambadi 53 36 Mangudi 47, 37 Manjam.alli 87 110 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF VILLAGES. 3. TIRUVIDAIMARtJDUll T ALUE. SI. Name of village. L. c. No. No. (1) (2) (3) 38 Marachcheri 30 39 Maratturai 3 40 Mavattiruppu 32 41 Melaiyur S~ 42 Mel Kattur 19 43 Mullangudi 12 44 Mullukkudi 40 45 Narasingampettai 65 46 Narikkudl •. 56 47 Neykkuppai 8 ..8 Neyvasal 1._ 5 49 Pandanallur 9 50 Paravannr .. 33 51 Paruttikkudi 74 52 Pattam 16 53 Pudur 54 54 SakkJnayakkanpettai 29 55 Sarabhojlrajapuram 2 56 Sattanur 58 57 Sattanur 88 58 Sayanapuram 7 59 Senganur 55 60 Serugudi 27 61 Sivapurani 45 62 S. 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Agar~haralIl: SO 4 Ariyapadaivedu 56 5 Asur 21 6 Atti~r 7 Bapurajapuram 28 ,i Cholamaligai "55 9 Cholapuram ~ 10 Darasuram 51 11 Devanaricheri ") 12 Elandurai 3'>' 13 EnanaUur 68 14 Eragaram 20 15 Inji kko llai 85 16 Innambur 19 17 Kachchukattu 39 IS Kadichchambadi 16 19 Kallappuliyur 13 20 Kallur 12 21 Karuppur 59 22 Kil Korukkai 58 23 Kiranur 79 2.4 Koranattukaruppur VI 2S Kottangudi 9 26 Kottangudi 63 27 Kottangudi Tattimal 10 28 Kovanur 64 29 Kovilachcheri 4 3Q Krishnapuram 47 31 Kuhur 77 32 Kumaramangalam 62 33 Kumarangudi '5 34 Malaiyappanallur 43 35 Mallapuram 38 36 Mangudi ~5 '37 Ma-tudandananur 69 126 ALPHABE'f'ICAL LIST OJ'l' V;rh.LAGHS~ 4. KUl4BA.&ONAlII WoU,VE. Name ofYillage. L.C. No. (1 (2) (3) 38 Marutadi 23 39 Matti 49 40 Mattur 16 41 Mel Korukkai 57 Muppakovil 1.'1 43 Nachchiyarkovil 66 44 Naga1ckudi ,. 45 Nagarasampettai 3Z 46 Nirattanallur S 47 Palavattankattalai 33 48 Pandaravadai Perumpandi 1.6 49 Parutti chcheri 8' 50 Pattam 32 51 Pattiswaram 54 52 Pavundankapuram 43 53 Perappadi 1& 54 Puttagaram 42 55 Sakkuvarambalpuram alias Ammachattram Z4 56 Sarangapanipettai ~ 57 Sembangudi M 58 Sembiyavarambal 59 Seshambadi 70 60 Slvapuram -~ 61 Srinivasanallur 34 62 SUndarapperumalkovil 53 63 Swarmmalai 30 64 Tandalam 15 65 Tandantottam 44 66 Tenamapadugai '11 67 Tillaiyambur 13 68 Tippirajapuram 14 69 Tiru~hchiraj 84 70 TimnaUur II nl Timnaraiyur 67 72 Tlmppand~ai 6S '73 Tiruppiram~iyam 18 "I 137 .uPHABB17IOAb LIS'}? OF V.IhbAGES. 4. KUltfBAKONAM: TAbUIt. 31. Nal11# of,ll/age. A.e,," No. .0. (1) (2) (3) 14 Tiruvaianjuli 52 1S Tukkachcbi '1 l' Udaiyalur • 72 T1 Ullur 2S 18 Uttamadani , ~ "alapuraDl 11 10 Valaiyapettai •. al 11 "anduvancheri .. 11 &2 Vilandakandam 3 .3 Vilangudi .fO M Villiyavarambal 4S 15 Visalur 13 16 Vittalur - 3' 128 --. ,-. f °(.(17'" ,-.. .IalVM 'roD.II on ~ ~ -VjS ,cVM E ,;.: ,.><:, j g ,.><: on l() <> -UV~ 'dDiS QI!Y <.> •• III Cf.l 00 SUDll °SP/olf M~~B~RNSV~~'--"'~~~~oo~ ~ ~o~OO~~~~~N_ ~ -asnolj JD .Ii1qlUnu :::!, M~oo~NN~g~8~~oaoo~~~~~o~~oo~~~~~~~~~ ~~~c~e~~~~_~N~M~~eGC~~~~~e~-£c~~~~'-' ._, puv U011v/ndoa IV1D,L 'C 0 0 M 0 N 00 l() ('<") t-- ;:!; 0 ..., ' t- eo ('q <'I «) lr> S .... ;:! on ·.Jaqzunu apD::J UOl1o:JfT,f S """ '" '" ~ ~ 129 ,-.. ""'=' s 6 ,.:.: :..:: j o+ o+ co+ T T ]: j o co I 1 o o o o o o ~ J o Il.. Il.. Il.. Il.. Il.. Il.. 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SJfJDUiiJ'll Z 8 M M Z Z 136 r 'C,(Vtlt I JJIVtll 'uop I -VIS! ,(V(\, \ -/,!Vu 'dolS! 1 Snfl) SUOl] \ I -VoIUlIUlUJ0 :J \ ' t '.cuv \ fl 'IPlJ}P?l 1 I -.wN "IfI )0 +o \ sl(VP ./0 ,(Va y I I 'lfdv.I:iJ -ap.L puv JsoJ p..,.o '(a[qv -Iod) .IG1JVtll 8W!:)jllJ.Ja 'i' ~, ~ c::oo g '/VllOJj.V:JJlI'3 ,.,~::t:Q", '·PIOII -.,snoll ./'0 ,wqUl11U put:> uO!lvindod IVloL ·(~'iJ.lVI:JiJl[ ll!) aSvll!tl ali1fa VJ.lV!lJl0L 137 ·IS -a:J..tnos G" =0== . ·tflaans.I (of, Ul~) Ul S ·aJivllJt1. 01 If::Jvo.LdaV:?c.;:..;:;:: .-.J .' 5. NANNILA1\.l T~A..LUK Bound"y, UoonT",rtory NANNILAM TALUK " Tald '" ". THANJAVUR DISTRICT " PanChayatllnion ...... r------, "." ...... " MI~ I 0 I 2 l " V,lIaiewl~ L«.ion CodeNum"r.L.. __!e~_...J ,~ A" T.luk ~Mdquln"'. @ I 0 I 1 J 4K" Vill1l~ha,iI>l1'opu~I'oh2 ~O·999"... • 100).4999... ". • lOCOJ&~~ • KARAIKAL .. __SH__ &.. lIigh",,, Pondlcherry U.1: ImponantROld ". RS Railwayl,reWltnstallQo (M.regau~1 "~ FI\'el'\I'lthstream ,. .. " ...... ~ PoMflCe,PostandT,egraphalflCe ....., POI""'llon ...... "...... PS HoSpital, Primary heat\h centre, Dlwensar~, " Matlmll)'and~ildwelr""eI\tte ileIl~Tn"ll.rbungal"" RH PANCHAYAT UNIONS THIRUVARUR TALUK A KoI"a~1 B tIloc". CTtl.marugal D ~od,l~hafY .Based upon SUNeY or India map with the petm,."on of the Sut ALPHABETICAL LIST OF VILLAGES. 5. NANN1LAM'lALUK Sl. Name of village. L.G. No. No. (1) (2) (3) Abhi vnddhiswaram 186 2 Achchutamangalam .. 85 3 Adalaiyur 104--- 4 Adambar 56 5 Adambarukkadai 55 6 Adippuliyur " 92 7 Agarakkondagaj 111 8 Agara Ohal 136 9 AgarattIrumalam 41 10 Agarattirunallur 202 11 Aladl kkaruppur 133 12 Alangudi 81 13 Alattur 17 14 Alattur 70 15 Ambal 61 16 Ammalyappan 204 17 Anaikkuppam 121 18 Analvadapadl 205 19 Annadanapuram 4 20 Annavasa1 140 21 Anruyur 22 22 Arasa vanangadu 176 23 Arasur 137 24 Arumuhttevan 69 25 Arppar 189 26 Athcholamangalam 209 27 Aykkudl 207 28 AyyarnpettaJ " 43 29 Devarkandanallur 231 30 Dlpangudi 175 31 Enangudi 105 32 Enkan 191 33 Erukkattur 22S 34 Ervadi 65 35 Gopurajapuram 160 36 Idaiyattangudi 67 37 TIaiyur 183 38 Ila vangar kudi 200 39 Iravancheri 113 40 Kadagakkudi 29 41 Kadagam 10 42 Kadalangudi .. 50 43 Kaduvangudi 15 44 Kalattur .. 215 45 Kaltyakudi 5 142 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF VILLAGES. 5. NANNI LAM T ALUK. Sf. Name of village. L.C. No. No. (1) (2) (3) 46 Kamalapuram 228 47 Kamugakkudi 185 48 Kandaramanikkam 89 49 Kangalancheri 196 50 Kankoduttavanitam 223 51 Kappanamangalam 177 52 Karaiyappalalyur 190 53 Karaiyur 169 54 Kattumavadi 109 55 Kattur 117 56 Kattur 201 57 Kavanur 206 58 Kayattur 77 59 KJdamangalam 66 -60 Kil Budanur 156 61 Kil PaJaiyur 181 62 Ktl Tanjavur 167 63 Kilkudi 99 64 Kllhyur 18 65 Kirangudl 114 66 Kiranur 2 67 Kollapuram 36 68 Kongarayanallur 60 69 Kottamangalarn 110 ~o Kottappadi 64 71 Kottarakkudi 165 12 Kottavasal 59 73 Kottur .. 34 14 Koviltirumalam 40 15 Krishnankottagarn 210 76 Kudavasal 131 17 Kuhkkaral 229 78 Kumarakkudl 37 79 Kundalur 52 80 Kurungulam 35 81 Kuruvadi 73 82 Kuttalam 159 83 Kuttanur 3 84 Kuttanur 42 85 Ku.valalkkal 148 86 Maclinmangalam 78 87 MagIlancheri .. 149 88 Maharajapurarn 30 89 Manakkal 192 90 Manapparaval 13:z -91 Manavalampettai 82 143 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF VILLAGES. 5. NANNI LAM l' Az..UXl. Si. Name of village. No. (1) (2) (3) 92 Mana valanallur 54- 93 Mangudi 212 94 ManJakkudI .. 138 9S Marudavanchen 44- 96 Marungur 157 97 Maruttuva kkudt 48 98 Mel Adlchchamangalam 188 99 Mel Budanur ISS 100 Mel Palalyur .. 134- 101 Mel Radhanallur 224- 102 Mel Ramansetti 88 103 Mel Tlrumadikkunnam 222 104 Menangudl 38 lOS Mudikondan ., 80 106 Mukundanur T 107 Mulamangalam 120 108 Mulangudi 147 109 Munglkkudl 172 110 Musa~iyam 218 111 Nagakkudl 173 112 Nahlonru 217 113 Naliamangudi 83- 114 Nannilam 100 115 Naranamangalam 127 116 Nanmanam ., 163- 117 Nattuvakkudl 20S 118 Nedunchen 126 119 Nedungularn 6 120 Nemmeh 57 121 Neykkuppai 144- ]22 Neykkuppai 164 123 Neykkuppal 179 124 Nllakkudi 195 125 Panangattangudi 14- 126 Panangudi 161 127 Panangudi 119 128 Pandaravadai 33- 129 Pandaravadai .. 72 130 Paravakkarai 25 131 Paruttiyur 93 132 Paruttiyur 125 133 Paruttiyul' 226 134 Pattur .. 213 1~5 Pavattakudi 12 136 Peralam 32 137 Periya Kannamanga1am 166 138 Perumalagaram 216 144 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF VILLAGES. 5. NANNILAM TALUJC. Sf. Name of village. L.C. .iVa. No . (1 ) (2) (3) 139 Perumangalam 141 140 PerumpanlUyur 143 141 Perumpugalur 199 142 Perundarakkudi 230 143 Ptllali 154 144 PitlUf .. I 145 PoIagam 74 146 Polakkudi 16 147 Pur:'\kkudi 75 148 Prataparamapuram 90 149 Pudukkadai 106 150 Pudukkudi 51 151 Pudukkudi 139 152 Pula vanalIur 193 153 Puliyancheri 94 154 Pungulanl 123 155 Puttagaram 79 156 Rarantimangalam 151 157 Rettalkkudl 62 158 Sa II ippen 122 159 Sannanallur 103 160 Sarabojlrajpuram 46 161 Sarguneswarapuram .. 49 162 Sedinipl.lram 96 163 Segal 114 164 Sellur 182 165 Sembangudi 145 166 Sembiyanallur 39 167 Sengahpuram 142 168 Senganur 97 169 Serugudi 21 170 Scrukalattur 130 171 Seruvalur :58 172 Seshamulal 68 173 Sidakkamangalam 87 174 Simlli .. 178 175 Sirupuliyul 13 176 Slttadi 91 177 Siyatta mangai lOS 178 StivanJiyam 98 179 Suralkkayur 19 180 SurakktJdi 171 181 Talaiyur 11 182 Tattathmulai .. 146 183 Tediyur 53 184 Tenkaral 153 185 Tenpidagar 71 186 Tiruchchangattangudi US 145 ALPHABBTICAL LIST OF VILLAGES. 5. NANNILAM T AL'CK. oSl. No. Name afvIllage L.C. No' (1) (2) (3) 187 Tirukkalambur 184 188 Tirukkandiswaram 101 189 Tirukkannamangai 203 190 Tlrukkannapuram 116 191 Tlrukkottaram 8 192 Tirukkudl 135 193 Tirumarugal . - 107 194 Tirumichchiyur 31 195 Tlruppayattangudi 168 196 Tiruppallimukkadal 197 197 TlTuppam buram 20 198 TITuppugaUur 76 199 TlrUvtdachchel i .... 128 200 Tuuvidavasal 219 201 Tlruvihmalalal 26 202 Tittachcheri .. 112 203 Tittanimuttam 220 204 Tunl.lyur 158 205 Tuttukkudl 102 206 Tyagarajapuram 227 207 Ubhaya vedantapuram 63 208 ~ Urkudl 211 209 Uttamacholapura m 162 210 U ttirangudi 181 211 Vadagarai 11& 212 Vadakandam 194 213 Vadakkudi 8<4- ~14 Vadmattam 23 US Vadaver 129 ~16 Vadugakkudi 23 217 ValavanaUur' 1&7 213 Valkkai 86 ,tt9 Valkkudi ,170 120 Van4ampoafai '19! t21 VayaIur 2~ "Z22 Velangudl 9 %23 Vellaiyadam.bar . r ''(IM( ~ S:::: 1.I ~~~~~ i5 : ·1/dlJJii ...... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 il< il< il< il< il< il< il< il< il< tl;. .1: ~ 1> - ..... ..; ~ s;:~ .-.. 8 '0 N 0;1 g, ~ '-' ...... a :,s ;:; E :::J Co. .., "".... -0 1; ;;: en ~ ",. 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E1 '"~ '"l3 .0.: 1 is } '" a '" '" ~ .... l3 .0; 0 > ::> '"a ~ l3 ::s .(;?~ p., 11 b-o ~ 2 ~ '" 0. :=.... .;g '"~ "a S:j l .;:;. J:a ;;4 E 0 -m "'".~'" ~ i.=< ~ 'g ~ toO a ·1 oj ~ § s := ... J :a 0:1a ::> S '" ~ t#1 oc r--- 00 ..... <'l ..... t--- 00 a-. 0 ... g: C'I ~ N N N .... 1 .. ON; ~ r;- c:I <=i c;:i ~ C'I ~ :::t '"N '"N N :::l ~ -... 6. PAPANASAM 'rALUK 'MCNAYXl' UN(OJ!S A.Pap!na53ftl PAPANASAM TALUK ARIYAlUR TALUK THANJA VUR DISTRICT T1RUCHCHIRAPFAlLl DISTRICT B.Val!~man C A.mlldu1 M~ I 0 1 1 1 """.'I~I a I 2 J 'trns KUMBAKONAM TALUK BoaMUY,Dlotri:\". " talut •• p Pd,yatitNOD 1,1 ... ..",.------1 ...... ", lilllS. "til L«lilon Cod. ~'m.' L- _.!QL_J Td.klladq""", ® VWlI't I•• oj 1,p.l.boo below 200 " loo-m ... 1(ICI)·4991 " '.I. 5000 &above • THANJAVUR TALUK 3 ~ SK IIalOHij'way ..,- ~ « Impo!l1ntioad .:! z 1Wl"1"".'~oIalioA(M"'i'"g.) ".~ z ~ « R)vorwithSltlal... ,,' ", ,,, ."...------.... z l'osI.ff .. ,MandT'legaphoff ..... '" AI PI M>''''on ,,, ". '" ,,,... PI Ho,~1aI, 1,'m"l hI.1ih cehlro, D"f<1l$'~ 19@+ Ma.mi~ and clitd ",Ir... ,It. • Rt5l irJuIe. TGI'aU., hun!llow ~H hlXlv.·.J MANNAR GUOI TALUK • Base~ upon Surver of India mnp WI~ the permission o! the Sutleyor Genernl of Ind~ ©Governl1l!nt of I"'~ CopyrigJrt, 1981 . p,Z.Press ,C S.O" Mad'aS'~ , 173 . ALPHABETICAL LIST OF vn...LAGES_ (j. PAPANASAMI TALUK_ . S1. No-_ Name of village. L.C. No_ t:(l) (2) (3) 1 Adanur 10 I' , Z AdichchamangaJam 95 3 Aagramangudi 39 4 Alangudi 115 5 Alangudi 138 I) Alavandipunlm 11 7 AD1lappampettai 69 8 Annikudi 53 9 Aravattur 1m .10 Aravur 111 11 Arumalaipettai 140 12 Arundavapuram 148 ~ 13 A vaJivanalJur 85 14 Avur 61 15 :BhavaniyaJllllbalpura_ 139 16 Chakkarapalli 2S 17 ChandraseJcharapllfam 57 19 Chittanvalur 99 19 DalavapaJayam 141 20 Deval'ayampettai> 412 21 Dipambalpuram 126, 22 Ganapati Apabam.m r:==--- .:_ 28 23 Gopirajapuram 47 24 Govinda1rudi 5&. 25 Govindanattu(.,hcheri •• 2 26 HaridwaramaJI.p1am 122 27 Ichchangudi 3() 28 ldaivakkudi 13~ ~9 Idaiyiruppu 81 3C> ldakkudi 72 31 Illuppaikkot:ai 29 32 Jambugapur21D --. 14.5 .,4 ALPHAB,BTICAL LIST OF VILLAGBS. 6_ P APANASAJ,( T AL"UK: Name ofvillage. L.C. No. (l) (2) (J) 33 Kalatlcheri Hi ~ Kalattur- ' 87 '35 ~Kambayanattam 147 ;a( Kandiyur ;IOZ 37 KapistaJam IS '.33 Karmudukkutattimalpadl1gai ll!) 39 Karuppur Padugai 3 40 Kattukkurichchi '76 41 Kavalur 68 42 Kettanur 117 43,. Kil Kovilpattu ._ 128 --44, Kil VadayaI· ' 101 ,,45 Kiliyur 84 .,46 Kottaiyur 112 47 Kottangudi 74 48 Kumilakkudi 135 49 Kunancheri 14 50 Madagaram ?' 46 51 Mahimalai -.t2S J '52 Maligaittidal , .. ~5 53 Manakkal ::82 ,54 Manalur 48 55 Manikkamangala1lll ' 109 56 Maru.ttuvakkuc1i 9 57 Maruvattur 90 58 Mattur " 1.03 59 Mel Kalakkudi '73 '60 Mel Semmangudi 43 '61 Mel Vadayal / l()() '62 Milattur I Setti 61 .e Milattur n Setti 77 g Mi)attur m SeUi 78 1,7.5! ALPHA)JETICAL LIST OF VILLAGBs.... 6. PAPANASAM TAl-UK L. C __ Sl. Name of l1illage. No. No. 0) (2) (3) 65 Mil'; ttur IV Setti 7S 66 Mila ttur V Setti 79 67 Mnlalvanseri SO 68 Muniyur 83 69 Naduppadugai 7 '70 Naltambur . 60 71 Nallavanniyankndikkadu 144 72 Nallur 54 73 Narattangudi 113 74 Neduvasal 124 75 Nellittoppu 136 76 . " Nemmelildrudi 121 11 Neydalur 10 78 Neykkunl"sm 121' 79 Olaippadi 8 So. Ombathuveli 44 81 Padagachcheri 94 &2 Palliyur 130 83 Pandaravadai 21 84 Pappagudi 108 85 . Pasupatikovil , 31 86 Perumakkanallur 35 87 Perumalkovil 26 88 Perungudi 92 89 , Ponmanjanallur 41 90 Pugalkiluchapattu 142 91 Pulavanattam U4 92 Pulavanattam 137 93 Puliyakkudi --~'"-...:...... 91 94 ·Puliyakkudi 149- 95 Punnaiyiruppu lOS 176 6. PAPANASAM TAt-UK: st. Name of,,!Uage. ..L. C. No. No. (1) (2) {l) 96 Fundi l33 97 Puntottam .:116 9& Purakkudi 33 99 Rajagiri 20 i tOO Rajendranallur '104 401 Raghunathapuram 22 , t02 RaghunathapuraID 58 fl03 RaghunathapuraID 1107 '104 Raghuna.thapuram 123 105 Ramanujapuram 17 106 Ranganathapuram 53 107 Raramuttiraikottai iI41 /108 Salabogam 51 109 Saliyamangalam -. ..!l32 IIO Sarabhojirajapuram 23 tIl Saranattam ..106 .112 Sarukkai 19 '113 Satyamangalam '5 ,l'14 Semmangudi -98 US Serumakkanallu.r 37 116 Sulamangalam I SCul "'32 117 'Suraikkayur 4() 118 Tenkuvalaiveli IUS 119 Terkupattam .89 -120 Tirnkkarugavur \56 -121 . Tirumandangudi 115 -122 Tiruppuvanam Jl46 123 Tiruvaikavur 6 "124 Tiruvaiyattukkudi 45 .125 Tiruvonamangalam 9.3 171 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF VILLAGES 6.PAPANASAM TALUK Sf. No. Name of village L.C. No. (I) (2) (3) 126 Toluvur •• 97 127 Turumbur 13 128 Tyagasamudram 12 129 U daramangalam 71 130 Ukkadai 120 131 Ullikkadai 21 132 U maiyalpuram 16 133 Umbalappadi 4 134 Uttamadanapuram 52 135 Uttukkadu .62 136 Vadakkumangudi 38 137 Vadaklcuppattam 88 138 Vadapadi 129 139 Vaiyachcheri 34 140 V.. luttur 24 141 Velangudi 64 142 Velar 49 143 Vembakudi - 36 144 Vennukuditottam - . - - 150 145 Veluttur 86 146 Viludiyur 80 147 Viramangalam 63 148 Viramangudi 1 149 Viranam \- 59 ISO Virupakshipuram - - t6 178 r (".{UM \ Ai 'uon li; • J~JV .~ "' -PIS .tUM "...., -OlE Om --- m rn -'" 'd01S Cp:l .§ S "'- ~_,. til V', <>-'" -w'll: .l4'" p:l p:l !Xl !Zl til CIJ en r/.) rn oo .... 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I) THANJAVUR TALUK • lOOO&'I.... 0 ."._..!_ PAtJ.CHAYAT UNI~! BDllMUY, D1"'~ ... ABodal~ I) Taluk. 'K .n ,,, B 11111UVlilOl1J ,.~ C TIlnJavur Polteula1!on '" ~. '" ", '" PI Taluk neaa~"artm '" ... '" ... ® Hospi"~ Pllmll)' ",'I~ ,,,111, ", '" Malernl~"Chlla"lf"'..,1re R'~"' ..,T".lrersb I I1rbinMuwl~L~,IiooC,j'NlI"" ..1:' .'~v!&!j P. t, l'I'eu, c.S,a. Ml1i nlS, 5, 197 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF VILLAGES. 7. THlRUVAIl'ARU TALUK. Sl. Name of Village. L.C. Nf1. No. (1) (2) (3) 1 Acbanllr 17 2 Adanjlyur 72 3 Agarappettai 35 4 Aimbadumelagaram 61 5 AlamelupuraDl. 27 6 Allur 75 7 Ammaiyagaram 73 3 Arasur Chinna AvusahibThottam 82 9 Arkadu 69 10 Avikkarai 58 11 Brahadiswaramkovil Tottam 78 12 BudarayanalluT 70 13 Thkshasamudram 64- 14 Idalkkorai 79 15 bwarankovil Pathu 43 16 Kachamangalam 34 17 Kaduveli 1 18 Kalayabhanuraja Tottam 85 19 Kalurnangalam 74 20 Kalyanapuram 52 21 Kalyanapuram I Setti 53 22 Kalyanapuram II Setti 57 23 Kandiyur 59 24 Kargudi 11 25 Karuppur 45 26 KaruT 80 21 Kit Tiruppandurutti 51 28 Konerirajapuram 44 29 Koviladi 30 30 Kuhmathur 48 31 Kuthur 24 32 Mabadevapuram 33 198 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF VILLAGES. 7. THIRUVAlYARU TALUK. Sl. Nam~ of Village. L.C. No. No. .(1 ) (2) (3) 33 Maharajapuram 22 34 Manakkarambai 86 35 Mannarsamudram 42 36 Maruvur 19 37 Masappujaikkattalai 14 38 Mekalathur 66 39 Mel Tiruppandurutti 50 40 Melauthamanallur 55 41 Nedukkaven 47 42 Nagathi 77 43 Nattamangalam 68 44 Nemam 38 4S Okkakudi 5 46 Ombattuveli 40 47 Orattur 67 48 Padtri kkudl 32 49 Palamarneri 39 50 pavanamangalam 26 51 Peramur 7 52 Perumpubyur 15 53 Pu nava sal 2 54 Rajagtri 36 55 Rajendram 83 56 Ranganathapuram 37 57 Rayampettai 12 58 Sattanur 20 59 Semmangudi 6 60 Sengalunirtottam 81 61 Scshanarayanantottam 84 62 Swayambachanallur 3 63 Tennancher _ 4 64 Tenperampur - 76 199 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF VILLAGES. 7. TmRUVAIYAR.'U TALUK. Sl. Name of Village. L.C. No. No. (l) (2) (3) 65 Tingalur 10 66 Tingalur 13 67 Tiruchchatturai 56 68 TiruchinnampUlldi 29- ()9 Tiruppayaoam 9 10 Tiru valampoli 49 71 Tohur 31 12 Tulajendramaharajapuram 46 73 Unjini 65 74 Uppukkachchippettai 54 75 Yadugakkudi 12" 16 YaJappakudi 21 77 Vanarangudi 23 78 Varagur 62 19 Vellamperambur 6() 80 Venkatasamudram I Setti 63 81 Venkatasamudram n SetH 41 82 Vilangudi l 83 Vinnamangalam 71 84 Vishnampettai 28 85 Vittalapuram ." 25- 86 Vydyanathanpettai ... - -, 16 200 ( ('.(OM .J~/VM 'UOl1 ! .0110 .cOM V) -t1tW dOls sng) SUO!1 .lJ:)!UTl1.lLUl.0 ::J + j i W "dUO o I ~ ~ If 'Iv'll/":>! V) ...Jon i)11,1Io 1 1- sdvp ,}.o doa I I ++ j 1 I -;;; I 'JO:J!P"Pl G' ~ or) '-'I J., 'I 1 'JOUO!IV:Jnp3. 5: ".; ...s:eo :-:::,_ ' j j 1 ]' o ] J Eo o ..I op.. o op... ""' ]' j o 1 ! 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L.C_ No. No. (I) (2) (3} Achampatti 81 2 Alakkudi 41 3 Avarampatti 44 '" Avusahibtottam 33 5 Budalur 7 f) Chellappanpettai 42 7 Chittirakkudi 9 i Gudalur 31 9 Inayathkanpettai 71 10 Indalur 1 11 Kadakadappai 34- ] 2 Kadanbangudi 2 13 Kalivirayampettai 11 14 Kandithampattu 62' / 15 Kangiyampatti 5 16 Karuvadipatti 55· 17 Kattur 66 18 Kollangarai 69- 19 Kollangarai VaUundanpattu 70 20 Kondavattamtidal - 2l'< 21 Kovilpattu g 22 Kulichappattu 64. 23 Kurungalur 32 24 Kurungulam Kilpadi 84- 25 Kurungulam Melpadi 83 26 Madigai 67 27 Manaiyecippatti 51 28 Manangorai 23 29 Marneri 4- 30 Marudakkudi 54 31 MaTungulam 8S 32 Mattur 25 214 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF VILLAGES. 8. TUANJAVUR TALUK SI. Name of village. L.C. No. No. (J) (2) (3) 33 Mclchittakkadu 35 34 Mel Velittottam 38 35 Muttuvirakandiyanpattl 46 36 Nehlcheri 26 37 Nandavanappatti 45 38 "Nanjikkottai .. 59 39 Nanjikkottai Vallundanpattu 72 40 Narasanayakapuram 21 41 Ndagih Terkuttottam 53 42 Palaiyappatti (Terku Setti) 78 43 Pala1yappatti (Vadakkusetti) 79 44 Palli Agraharam 20 45 Palliyeri 18 46 Perambur (I Sethi) 13 47 Perambur (II Sethi) 12 48 Pillaiyarnatham 14 49 Pellaiyarpatti .. 57 50 Pinnanallur 36 51 Pudukkudl (North) .. 50 52 Pudukkudi (South)j•. 80 53 PuduppattI S3 54 Puduppattanam 60 55 Pudur 68 56 puliyantoppu 37 57 Ramanatbapuram 39 58 Ramapuram .. 29 59 Rayamundanpatti 49 60 Rayandur 10 61 Sakkarai~mantam 17 62 Sanurapatti 52 63 sengippatti 77 64 Siralur 15 215 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF VILLA GES. 8. THANIAVUR T ALUK St. Name of village. L.C. No. NfJ. (1) (2) (3) 65 Sinnampattu 82 66. Solagampatti 3· 67 Surakkottai .• 63 68 Surakkudipp~tti 48 69 Tandangorai " . 24- 70 Tlrukkanurpatti 73 71 Tirumalaisamudram 76, 72 Tiruvedukudi 22 73 Tlttai ~ 74 Tottakkadu 27 75 Tundarayanpadi 6 76 Valamirankottai 6S 77 Vallampudur Setti 1S 78 Vallemtetku Setti 74 79 Vallamvadakkusetti .. S6. , I 80 Vannarappettai 40 81 Velur .. 19 82 Vendayampatti 41 83 Vennalodai 1" 8-4 Vilal __ 6' 85 Viramarsampettai 4) 216 '(iOMJJIPAj UO/IVIS «VM -111J~ 'dols snu) SUOll -rl:J[WlUlUl0:J r-. Auvjl '1 01/ ~ [IJJfJVN -'" all' 10 ~ S s£vp "0 d"Qa '-' I 9 'SP/oli aSllol1 10 Jaqumu ~ pliO tlo,lJ'11'1Ifod IVI0J, '(saJvpal/u!) 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Po. j + f;:;:R~"" I ~4 ~ ·Csa.JvPiJ.1j u!) ;i18vlJ!,.1. 1::: til'" ' N _. -. .... 225 I{)00 '" ';}?JnoS' ee00 00 pinvif!.IJI NN 'IS3JO,J -"_' ~----,.A.--_ ----., --00 ._,- ·(rut:>lll!) i}:JutJISIP ~utJ u.1t0L '~i1.ltJi}N 'iJa'l11A 01 't'lJoJatfy 12-1-2:9 9- ORATTANADU TALUK ORATTANADU TALUK THANJAVUR DISTRICT PAPANASAM TALUK PA NCHAYAT UNIQNS A Oratt.anadu 8. 'T'.rlJvonam THANJAVUR TAlUK Villages havzng PopulatJ.on bek:.w 1DO o 200- 499 .. 500- 999 o 1000-4'<99 o saoo & &bo~ ••• o 'VntnhabrfBd v.i1a~ x lU"IIIOtr' with stream PO PT Po1ica .sttU.on HOSPItal, Prnn:~u'Y health centre. Dispensary.· ffi ~ + M.att:nnty Ahd Child wslfar'l!! cent're • Rest house, T~,-",,:ners buug410'ilit "H I'anc:hayat union ." ,X)<' V;J~ with Ldeatn::ll Co4e l'lumbc" C===i2:==:-J 1hba11 area Wltb Loeatl-on Code Number•• 'Talu.k: twadq:uartel'S . _ @ lased upon Survey of India map with the permiSSion of the Surveyor General of India C Government 01 Ind,a Copyright. 198'5. P. ,2,Press, C S. 0 IMadras-5. 229 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF VILLAGES. 9. ORATTANADU TALUK. Sl. Name of Village. L.C. No_ .No. (1) (2) (3) 1 Adanakottai 49 2 Akkaraivattam .. 74 3 Alivoikkal 13 4 Amb1apattu 79 5 Amman.kudi ...... 71 ~ AIUD"1ulai <4Q 'l Avid anallavij ayapuram 63 S Ayangudi 32 9 Chinna Ammankudi 68 It) Cholagankudikad u 77 11 Cbolapuram ...... 30 12- G-opalapuram 81 13 Ichankottai ~~ l_..4. Illuppaividuthy 9'0 15 Kad uvettivittuthy ~l Hi Kakkarai 37 17 Kakkarakottai 47 18 Kannanthangudi East 22 19 Kannanthangudl "West 2il 2-9 Kannugudy East 61 21 Kannugudy "West 57 :::u Karamundakottal 1 23 Karukkakottai 11 24 Kattukurucbi 9 AS Kavahpatti 90 26 Kavarapattu 19 27 Kecla Ulur 7 2S Kelavannipet 39 :J..9 K11amangalam 84 3t) Kodiyalam 5& 31 KovjJur 34 32. KI isbnapuram 67 33 Krishnapuram 9S 34; Kulmangalam IS 35: 1v.landala~ott~i 3-3 ~·fi Medayuollai aa. 3'(; Mullurpattikadu 80 ~tha..Inba.IP~r&.. .,. ~ "" ~30 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF VILLAGES. 9. ORATTA,NADU TALUK. SI. Name of lJiJlage. L.C. No. No. (1) (2) (3) 39 Nadur 10 .i() Neivasal South 5 41 Nel.veli Tenpathy 94 42 Neiveli Vadapathy 93 ,43 NemehtlllPPlakudi 64 . ~- 44 Okkanadkeelayur 30 45 Okkanadmelayur - 21 46 Pac:blyur 50 47 Palamputhur 36 48 PandipalamaniJcad.u 87 49 PanJanathikottai 12 -so Panul.kondanvidutby 89 51 Paravathur 60 _..II> ... .. "f S2 ParuthiapparkoVll 15 53 Faruthikottai 14 54 Peikarambankottai 43 55 Feria. Ammankudi 69 56 Pinnayur 46 57 Ponnappur East 6 58 Ponnappur West: 16 59 Poovathur 18 60 Poyyundarkottal 27 61 Poyyundarkud ikadu 54 62 Pudur 35 <)3 Pugal Sillathur 52 ,(i4 Pulava.nkadu 44 6S R.agbavambalpuram 3 66 Rarrtapuram 82 67 Samipatti 26 68 Sankaranarkudikadu 65 69 Senniaviduthy 92 70 Sillathur 51 '71 SuriamoorthYPuram alia. Akkaraivatta- 75 mukkadai. 72 Tbalayam.angalaxn 17 '73 TbaIigajviduthi 86 -Y4 Tekkur 48- '7.5 Tbelungankudikadu 45 231 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF VILLAGES.. ORATTANADU TALUK st. Name of village. L.C. No.. No. (1) (2) (3) 76 Thennamanadu 24 71 Therkukottai 76 78 Thondarampet 56 79 Thoppuviduthy 72 SO Tirumangalakottat East- - - 41 81 Tirumangalakottal West .... "'. 4Z &2- Tirunallur ...... S 83 Ulur 8 84 Unjividuthy .. n ~5 Vadakkikottal 31 36 Vadakkukot u1.l - G5 87 Vadakkur North .... 29 SS Vadakkur South - 28 29 Vadaset'i 59 90 Vandayamruppu 2 ~n Vedanayagipuram 7S 92 ~od avijayapuram 62 ~·3 Vellur 9A Vengarl!J ... 96" 9;5 Vettuvakottai 88 as .... 5 ~olitanaYagivur.t.m - 232 '(.(1101\ rUJVo1\ 'uoll , -t1/S «!JM -JW~[ 'dOl~ S"Ilfl) SUO!i -V;JjUIllUUJUJ "7- ;- .:; ~ '«UV j j j ] <=> jj 'IVljlml ~ + + +o o+ + 0 o+ -JOW i}lf//O '" o <::> - :::.. J sl(vp .10 ((Va 1 '-' I r 1 r 'I I I o o o o o o p.., .c.. p.., ,:l,. p,., ,:l,. o 1 'I 'SPI°t{ *J!lnol{ fo .Ii1qUJnu ~ puo UO!IVjruIod IDloL .; bO ::::~,.. .~... ,.-.. 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Z Z ~ .;. ~ ' 10. MANNARGUDI TALUI:' 2-1-31A ,.------.. MANNARGUDI TAlUK THANJAVUR DISTRlCT Mlfll I 0 I '-r'.., ...... I 0 3 4. /(ms PAPANASAM TALUK NANNILAM TALUK ORATTANADU TALUK PANCHA YAT UNiONS A N,damit1galam TIRUTTURAIPPUNDI B MaTlnargudl TALUK C Kortu1' PATTUKKOTTAITALUK BDundary. TaJuJc ... Important Road .. Panc;hayat union. Railway Ime with station (Metre g1lU8tO) r------., Village With Loc.adon CQde Numb€l" L __ ...:.~ __ .J RI'Ietw,thstreilnt • ---~ 'Talu}/; headtjuarters ••• Po~t off,,,., Post and T",'e$l'"-IIph office. PO PT Villages having Population below 200 •• o Police station PS 200· 499 Ho~pltal. PrImary health Cl!n~ Dispensary EB a + • Maternity and- Child welfare oo:ntre £. 500- 999 • Rest house. Trtvellen bungatow AFt 1000-4999 .• • Urbal'l !!Ifea with l...ocation C()de Number •. Et o • .,.,.x,,, ";;';) • State HIghway SH • ~ased 'LIpon Survey of Indl:a Map wIth the permission of tile Surveyor Gel'ler:a.l of IndIa. © Government of lndr~ Copyright. \~85 • 245 ALPHABETICAL Ll ST OF VILLAGES. 10. MANNARGUDI TALUK. SI. Name of Village. L.C. No. No. (I) (2) (3) 1 Adangudi 28 2 Adanur 3 Adichchapuram 98 4 Agaravelukkudi 40 5 Akkarai Kottagam 121 6 Alattur ]01 7 Annavasal 24 8 Aravattur 52 9 Arichchapuram 44- 10 Asesham 90 11 Aykkudi 29 12 Chittamalli 142 13 Chittamalli Melpadi 3 14 Chittambur 42 15 Chittiraiyur 60 16 Devadanam 139 17 Elavanur 134 18 Ettakkudi 107 19 Goppralayam 91 20 Hanumantapuram 7 21 Harischandrapuram 37 22 [daiyar Embetti 50 23 Idangankottai Kilaiyur 19 24 Idangankottai Melaiyur 18 25 Irulnikki 100 26 Kailasanathan Kovil 68 27 Ka]ckaiyadi 57 28 Kalachcheri 12 29 Kalanjimodu 21 30 Kallar Embetti 48 31 Kaluvattur 12& 1!fP K andaman,ll;alam 97 246 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF VILLAGES. 10. MANNARGtJ'DI TALU'Kl . .81. Name of Village. L.C. No. No. (I) (2) (3) 33 Karikkottai 70 34 Karnavur 45 35 Karuppukilar 119 36 Karuvakkurichchi 92 37 KIlalavandasen 26 38 Kil Manali 36 39 Kihyanur 58 40 Kottangudi 55 -41 Kottur 103 -42 Kottur Tottam 104 43 Kovilvanni 1 44 Kulamanikkam 77 45 Kulamanikkam 138 46 Kumarapuram 69 47 Kunniyur 85 48 Kuppachchikkottai 113 49 Kurichchi 116 50 Kuruchimulai 130 "51 Mahadevapattanam 111 52 Malavarayanallur 86 53 Manakkarai •.• 62 '54 Manargattan Kottagam 132 55 Manjanavadi 65 56 Mannukkumundan 140 57 Marangudl 79 58 Maravakkadu 95 59 Mavattagudi 81 60 Melalavandaseri 25 61 Mel Nattam 126 62 Mel Vasal 51 63 Mudal Setti 64 Munam Setti 247 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF VILLAGES. 10. MANNARGUDI TALt1K. sl. Name of Village. L.C, No. No. (l) (2) (3) 65 Munnaval Ko~tai ... 13 66 Muvanallur ... 47 67 Muvar Kortai 14 68 Nagar 4 69 Nalam Setti 88' 70 Nallur 12Z 71 Naruvelikalappat 131 72 Neduvakkottai 73 73 Nemmeh 93< 74 Nemmeli 96- 75 Nemroeli 99 76 Nochchiyur 143 77 Ogaipperaiyur 38 78 Olimidi 6- 79 Orattur 123- 80 Ovarichcheri 76 81 Painganadu 114 82 Paingattuf . 117 83 Palaiyur . 133 84 Palaiyanur 41 85 Palakkurichchi 61 86 Pallivartti '._. 83- 87 Pamani ~ 88 Panaiyur 105 89 PannimangaIam 5 90 parappanamodu . 11 91 Paruttikkottai !ZO 92 Peraiyur ?2. 93 Perambur 9 94 Periyakot:tur 163 9!i Peruvalandan 1" 9t P'eruvidamarud\,.!' .... 136 9? Puduttevankudi 43 248 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF VILLAGES. 10. MANNARGlJDX TALUK. Sf. Name of Village. L.C. ]\0. No. ,(1) (2) (3) 98 Pullamangalam 59 99 Puludikkudi 102 100 Punavasal 34 101 Puntalangudi 35 102 Puttagaram 144 103 Puvanur 10 104 Ramapuram 67 105 Ranganathapuram 106 106 Rayapuram 22 107 Rishiyur 8 108 Sattanur 56 109 Savalakkaran 53 110 Segarai 30 111 Sendamangalam 84 112 Sendangudi 78 113 Serangulam 89 114 Serukalattur 141 115 Serumangalam 7I 116 Seruvamani._ 80 117 Sittmakkudi._ 32 118 Talatyamangalam 115 119 Tenkovanur 66 120 Tenpadi 109 121 Tengara1 124 122 Terkunanalar 137 123 Thabkkottai 112 124 Tirukkalar 120 125 Tirumakkottai 127 126 Tlruppa1akudi 94 127 TlruvarameSwaram 75 128 Ullikkottai 110 129 Vadakaravaya1 23 130 \ Vadakovanur 54 LIST OF VILLAGES. 10. MANNARGUDI TALUK Name of Village L.C. No. No. (J) (2) (3) 131 Vadapadi 108 132 Vadap~d\mangalam 39 16 133 Vaduvur Agraharam r 134 Vaduvur Melpadi 15 l35 Vaduvu~ Tenradi 49 136 Vaduvur Vadapadl 17 137 Vakkaranatlur . 31 138 Val1ur 125 139 Vat tar 118 140 Vellakkudl 27 141 Vengaramparaiyur 33 142 Vengattangudi 129 143 VerkkudJ 64 144 82 ~ r ·(.{I1M S Ja 111M. (UOlJ ..>< I -l1ls \ ·,cuu .f! JtJlf/12Df -Jo_w iJ!flfo I s,c vp .10 o o o o 0 o o o o o t:L.. t:L.. t:L.. p., t:L.. t:L.. t:L.. t:L.. t:L.. p... ~. ~ E ---. -' . 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No~~ No. (1) (2) (3) 1 Adamangalam 80 2 Adippuduchcheri 23 3 Adiyakkamangalam 34 4 Agarakkadambanur .. 27 5 Ahvalam 42 6 Arnur 10 7 Analmangalam " 9 8 Analkkudi 65 9 Anaikkudi 87 10 Andagudi 63· 11 Attippubyur 33 12 Cholanganallur 4 13 liravancheri 26 14 Illuppur SO 15 Irukkai 66 16 Kaduvangudi 60 17 Kakkalani 52 18 Kallikudi 24 19 Kalyanomahadevi 39 20 Kalyanasundarapuram 55 21 Kargudi 86 22 Karuppur 43 23 Kil Kavadukudi 17 24 Kd Kuttankudi 40 25 Kit Velur 31 26 Killukudi 69 27 Kodiyalathur 84 28 Kohur 8 29 Kovilkannappur 77 30 Kunniyur 73' 31 Kurattankudi. _ 71 :32 KurukkaHi 32 :33 Kurumanangudi 25 34 KUTumberl 3 35 Kuttur 46 36 Manalur 53 -.... 37 Manalur " 270 ALPHABETIOAL LIST OF VILLAGES. 11. THIRl.1VARUR TALUK. Sl. Name of ViI/age. No. ·(1) (2) (3) 38 Maugudi 57 39 Mohanur 68 40 Nadappur 14 41 Naranamangalam 56 42 Odachcheri 11 43 Okkur 6 44 Palaiyavalam 12 4S Palavanakkudi 22- 46 Pallivaramangaiam i5 47 Pattamangalam 47 48 Perungudi 38 49 Pinnavasal 75 50 Puduppattur .54 51 pudur 83 52 Pulivalam 37 53 Radhamangala.lll 49 54 Radhanallur 59 55 Ramagavai 16 56 Sattiyakkudi 78 57 Semangalam 44 58 Serugudi 13 59 SerunaUuc 45 60 Sikar 62 61 Sundaravjlagam 35 62 Tandalai 18 63 Tappalampuliyur 41 64 Tenmarudur •. 81 65 Terkuppanaiyur 88 66 Tevur 51 67 Tirukkannankudi 29 68 Tirukkannankudi Agaram 30 69 TirukkaravasaI 82 70 Tiruneyppeyar 51 71 Tiruvadirailllangalam 2 72 Thiruvarur Southsetti 21 73 Umamaheswarapuram '1"4 74 Vadagarai 7 271 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF VILLAGES. 11. THmuvARuR TALUK. SI. Name of Village. L.C. No.. No. (1) (2) (3) 75 Vadagarai 58 76 VadaUalattUt' 48 71 Vadakkuppanaiyur .. 79- 78- VadakkuveIi 28 79 Vaippur 1 2D Valivalam 85 81 Vandalur 67 12 VanJiyur 76 83 Vengidangal $ I. 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Travellers bungalow Important J:1.oad "N Urhar. area Wlth LocatIon Code Number I ~-_____R_"_)w __ '_Y_"_~_~ _t_h __ '"_M_"(M"'~""")._ .. ~OS l ©Government of IndIa Co('yr-ight, 19!1l5. aBased upon Survey of IndIa map -wrth the penmS'SlOn 0:' the Surveyor General of India en he terrltot'tal Wal.et"5 of India ex1.endmtothe sea to ALPHABETICAL LIST OF VILLAGES. 12. NAGAPPATTINAM TALUK. Sl. Nmne or Village. L. C No. No. (1) (2) (3) 1 Abharanadharai 16 2 Agara Orattur 22 3 Alvanallur 12 4 Akalankan 32 5 Alangudi 24 6 Andanappcttai 13 7 Chin1)u Tumbur 30 8 Cholavidyapuram 9 Ettugudi 56 10 Ilankadambanur 6 11 Iraiyankudi 35 12 Isanur 13 Karappidagai Terku Setti 59 14 Karappidagai Vadakku Setti 52 15 Karunkanni 43 16 Karuvelankadai 20 17 Kilaiyur •. 53 ]8 Kit Padugai 49 19 Kurichchl .31 20 Madappuram 44 21 Mahadanam 26 Melvalalkkarai 45 Minamanallur 48 Nagappattinam (Thiyagarajapuram) 11 Nagore (Kottagam) 3 26 Orattur 21 27 OUaittattai 3S 286 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF VILLAGES 12. NAGAPPATTINAM TALU'K.. ·Sl. No. Nan1e of Village. L. C. No. (1) (2) (3) 28 Palaiyur 5 29 Palakkurichchi 36 30 Pappakovil 18 31 PerunkadaInbanur 1 32 POllveIi 17 33 PrataparaInapuraIn 41 34 Puduchcheri 23 35 Puravachcheri 14 36 SeHur 10 37 Sembiyamahadevj 33 38 SengaInangalaIn 9 39 Sikkil IS 40 Sirangudl Puliyur 7 41 Talaiyamalai 40 42 Tannllappadi 37 43 Temangalam 8 44 Terkkuppoyur 28 45 Tetti 4 46 Tirukkuvalai 46 47 Tiruppuudi (Kit setti) 50 48 TlrUppull.di (Mel Setti) 42 49 TiruvayIUur 57 50 Vadakkudi 2 51 Vadakkuppoyyur 19 52 Vadavur .. 27 53 Vadugachcheri 25 S4 Valakkarai 47 287 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF VILLAGES. 12. NAGAPPATTINAM TALUK. Sl. Name of Village. L.C. 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