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L'eterno Ritorno Del Droit Des Gens Di Emer De Vattel (Secc. XVIII – XIX)

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L'eterno Ritorno Del Droit Des Gens Di Emer De Vattel (Secc. XVIII – XIX) GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES ON LEGAL HISTORY 8 ELISABETTA FIOCCHI MALASPINA L’eterno ritorno del Droit des gens di Emer de Vattel (secc. XVIII – XIX) L’impatto sulla cultura giuridica in prospettiva globale GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES ON LEGAL HISTORY 8 Global Perspectives on Legal History A Max Planck Institute for European Legal History Open Access Publication http://global.rg.mpg.de Series Editors: Thomas Duve, Stefan Vogenauer Volume 8 Global Perspectives on Legal History is a book series edited and published by the Max Planck Institute for European Legal History, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. As its title suggests, the series is designed to advance the scholarly research of legal historians worldwide who seek to transcend the established boundaries of national legal scholarship that typically sets the focus on a single, dominant modus of normativity and law. The series aims to privilege studies dedicated to reconstructing the historical evolution of normativity from a global perspective. It includes monographs, editions of sources, and collaborative works. All titles in the series are available both as premium print-on-demand and in the open-access format. ELISABETTA FIOCCHI MALASPINA L’eterno ritorno del Droit des gens di Emer de Vattel (secc. XVIII–XIX) L’impatto sulla cultura giuridica in prospettiva globale MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR EUROPEAN LEGAL HISTORY 2017 ISBN 978-3-944773-07-0 ISSN 2196-9752 First published in 2017 Published by Max Planck Institute for European Legal History, Frankfurt am Main Printed in Germany by epubli, Prinzessinnenstraße 20, 10969 Berlin http://www.epubli.de Max Planck Institute for European Legal History Open Access Publication http://global.rg.mpg.de Published under Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 DE http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/de The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliographie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de Cover illustration: Paul Klee, polyphon gefasstes Weiss, 1930 © akg-images, Berlin Cover design by Elmar Lixenfeld, Frankfurt am Main Recommended citation: Fiocchi Malaspina, Elisabetta (2017), L’eterno ritorno del Droit des gens di Emer de Vattel (secc. XVIII–XIX). L’impatto sulla cultura giuridica in prospettiva globale, Global Perspectives on Legal History, Max Planck Institute for European Legal History Open Access Publication, Frankfurt am Main, http://dx.doi.org/10.12946/gplh8 A Gianna, al suo infinito ed esemplare amore per la vita Indice Ringraziamenti...................................... XI IlcontrappuntodiEmerdeVattel:noteintroduttive............ 1 1. La regolamentazione statale: il successo del Droit des gens ..... 3 2. Pluralità di riflessioni nelle ricerche sul Droit des gens........ 5 3.Itinerarieproblemimetodologiciglobali................ 10 4.EmerdeVattelinun’otticainterdisciplinare.............. 14 Cenni biografici su Vattel: una vita tra il Principato di Neuchâtel, laPrussiaelaSassonia................................. 20 Parte prima DalletraduzionialdiscorsopoliticodelDroit des gens ........... 27 Capitolo I Divulgareericreareunnuovodirittodellegenti............... 29 1. L’emergere di una strategia divulgativa: la « Scuola romanda deldirittonaturale» .............................. 29 2. Il Droit des gens e il garbuglio editoriale del 1758 . ......... 37 3. Meccanismi giuridici nelle traduzioni settecentesche del Droit des gens ................................. 46 4. La Scuola romanda nella penisola italiana del Settecento: il«comunedesiderio»............................. 55 5. Il Droit des gens edito da Charles-Guillaume Frédéric Dumas (1775)......................................... 65 Capitolo II La « governabilità » dello Stato e delle relazioni internazionali . 75 1. Verso la regolamentazione giuridica delle forme sociali . 75 Indice VII 2. Innovazione all’interno della tradizione: l’obiettivo del Droit des gens .................................... 77 3.Il«piano»dellaNazione:lacostituzione................ 90 4.L’artedigovernare:l’organizzazionedellospaziosociale..... 101 5.«Stato»,«Nazione»e«Potenza»:laieraticitàdei trattatiinternazionaliedellalorointerpretazione.......... 111 Parte seconda Il Droit des gens tramodaemodernità...................... 125 Capitolo III Il ritorno del Droit des gens tra la fine del Settecento e l’Ottocento . 129 1. Intrecci tematici intorno al Droit des gens ................ 129 2. Teorie vatteliane in Ferdinando Galiani eGiovanniMariaLampredi......................... 131 3. Il punto di vista del neocastellano Jean Pierre Chambrierd’Oleyres.............................. 137 4. Giuristi e politici inglesi: «Vattel esprime il senso deltempoincuiviviamo».......................... 143 5. « Vattel » nella corrispondenza tra i cardinali Ercole Consalvi eBartolomeoPacca............................... 152 6. Controversie giudiziali in Nord-America: il richiamo al Droit des gens .................................. 157 7. Il Droit des gens nel panorama delle controversie internazionali 161 Capitolo IV Commentare e annotare il Droit des gens nel XIX secolo: esperienzegiuridicheaconfronto......................... 167 1. Commentare il diritto e commentare il diritto internazionale. 167 2. Il Droit des gens nel XIX secolo in Francia tra diritto naturale edirittodellegenti............................... 170 2.1 Il Droit des gens riletto dal portoghese Silvestre Pinheiro Ferreira: le Notes del 1838 . .............. 175 2.2 Un altro Droit des gens nelle note di Paul Pradier-Fodéré (1863). ..................................... 182 VIII Indice 3. Diritto costituzionale nelle note di Manuel Pascual Hernández al Derecho de Gentes (1820 e 1834) ............. 188 4. Il Droit des gens manuale didattico-politico in America Latina . 193 5. L’utilizzo casistico del Law of Nations:lenotedi Joseph Chitty e di Edward Ingraham alle edizioni inglesi e nord americane (1834 e 1852) . ................... 205 6. L’autonomia del diritto internazionale e il Droit des gens neipaesidilinguatedesca.......................... 214 7.«Larelazionedirettaconibisogniegliaffari presenti dellanostrapatria»:ilDroit des gens in Grecia (1825 e 1831) . 220 8. Diritto pubblico e diritto costituzionale: il Droit des gens nell’Italiarisorgimentale............................ 228 8.1 Nel Regno delle Due Sicilie: Terenzio Sacchi rilegge il Diritto delle genti (1854) .................. 234 Epilogo 1. Il fenomeno del Droit des gens in prospettiva globale: unagoccianell’oceano?............................ 251 2. Il Droit des gens nellasuapolifonia.................... 257 Prospetto delle edizioni consultate del Droit des gens di Emer deVattelpubblicateneisecoliXVIIIeXIX................... 261 Bibliografia......................................... 273 AbouttheAuthor.................................... 349 Indice IX Ringraziamenti Questo libro racconta la storia di un viaggio: un lungo viaggio tra Sette e Ottocento, realizzatosi tramite le numerose edizioni e traduzioni del Droit des gens di Emer de Vattel, a partire dalla sua prima pubblicazione nel 1758. Le idee viaggiano, migrano, assumono forme nuove e si sviluppano nei diversi contesti, tuttavia il loro percorso sarebbe decisamente più arduo senzailibrieitesticheleveicolano.Lesezionieicapitolichecompongono questa monografia si presentano come un insieme di molteplici itinerari giuridici diversificati e disomogenei in cui è stato studiato l’impatto che ha riscosso il trattato di Vattel. Ma Emer deVattel e il suo Droit des gens rappresentano anche il mio viaggio personale iniziato nel 2008 con la tesi di laurea discussa con la professoressa MariaGiglioladiRenzoVillatapressol’UniversitàdegliStudidiMilano, proseguito tra il 2009 e il 2012 all’Università degli Studi di Genova con la tesi di dottorato, il cui tutor è stato il professore Rodolfo Savelli. Ci sono state molte tappe significative in cui ho incontrato colleghi ma soprattutto amici che hanno arricchito e caratterizzato il mio percorso. La gioia per me più grande si concretizza nell’esprimere la mia infinita gratitu- dine a tutti coloro che mi hanno sempre sostenuto. Un grazie destinato ad andare oltre le parole è per il Max-Planck-Institut für europäische Rechts- geschichte di Francoforte sul Meno, che sin dal primo soggiorno di studio, avvenutonel2011,hosentitocomelamiasecondacasa.IlprofessoreTho- mas Duve ha seguito dall’inizio lo sviluppo della ricerca, incoraggiandomi ad investigare il fenomeno vatteliano nella sua più ampia complessità, dan- domi l’opportunità di confrontarmi, discutere, elaborare e presentare il mio lavoro in un contesto scientifico unico e molto speciale. Sono veramente grata per questa collocazione editoriale perché la maggior parte delle mie ricerche sono state condotte presso il Max-Planck-Institut, nella sua meravi- gliosa biblioteca e ora qui cristallizzate. Il dottore Heinz Mohnhaupt ha saputo consigliarmi ed ascoltarmi con tanta passione ed energia, indicandomi sempre linee di ricerca alternative per ricostruire in modo critico la « fortuna » del Droit des gens. Ringraziamenti XI Ho avuto l’opportunità di partecipare alle attività del progetto diretto dal professore Miloš Vec, intolato « Das Völkerrecht und seine Wissenschaft, 1789–1914 » che ringrazio unitamente al suo gruppo composto dagli amici Lea Heimbeck, Nina Keller, Stephan Kroll, Friederike Kuntz e Kristina Lovric-Pernak. Come ringrazio la dottoressa Lena Foljanty per avermi coin- volta nelle splendide iniziative organizzate per lo studio della traduzione giuridica nel senso più ampio. Nicole Pasakarnis mi
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