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Ruecklinger Patrick Die approbierte Originalversion dieser Diplom-/ Masterarbeit ist in der Hauptbibliothek der Tech- nischen Universität Wien aufgestellt und zugänglich. http://www.ub.tuwien.ac.at The approved original version of this diploma or master thesis is available at the main library of the Vienna University of Technology. http://www.ub.tuwien.ac.at/eng I M M O B I L I E N F U E R S T A R T U P S AM BEISPIEL DES EHEMALIGEN SIEMENSAREALS IN WIEN MASTERTHESIS PATRICK RÜCKLINGER Die approbierte Originalversion dieser Diplom-/ Masterarbeit ist in der Hauptbibliothek der Tech- nischen Universität Wien aufgestellt und zugänglich. http://www.ub.tuwien.ac.at The approved original version of this diploma or master thesis is available at the main library of the Vienna University of Technology. http://www.ub.tuwien.ac.at/eng Die approbierte Originalversion dieser Diplom-/ Masterarbeit ist in der Hauptbibliothek der Tech- nischen Universität Wien aufgestellt und zugänglich. http://www.ub.tuwien.ac.at The approved original version of this diploma or master thesis is available at the main library of the Vienna University of Technology. http://www.ub.tuwien.ac.at/eng 4Die approbierte Originalversion dieser Diplom-/ Masterarbeit ist in der Hauptbibliothek der Tech- nischen Universität Wien aufgestellt und zugänglich. http://www.ub.tuwien.ac.at The approved original version of this diploma or master thesis is available at the main library of the Vienna University of Technology. http://www.ub.tuwien.ac.at/eng D I P L O M A R B E I T Immobilien für Startups - am Beispiel des ehemaligen Siemens-Areals in Wien Ausgeführt am Institut für Städtebau, Landschaftsarchitektur und Entwerfen Fachbereich Projektentwicklung und Management Eingereicht an der Technischen Universität Wien Fakultät für Architektur und Raumplanung unter der Anleitung von: Univ. Prof. Prof. h. c. Dipl.-Ing. Arch. Dietmar Wiegand durch Patrick Rücklinger Gollierstraße 32 80339 München _ _______________________________ _______________________________ Datum Unterschrift 5 Eidesstattliche Erklärung Ich versichere, die vorliegende Diplomarbeit selbständig verfasst zu haben, keine andern als die angege- benen Quellen und Hilfsmittel benutzt, sowie alle wörtlichen oder sinngemäß übernommenen Stellen der Arbeit gekennzeichnet zu haben. Wien, am 30.01.2017 6 Gender Erklärung Aus Gründen der besseren Lesbarkeit wird in dieser Diplomarbeit die Sprachform des generischen Masku- linums angewendet. Es wird an dieser Stelle darauf hingewiesen, dass die ausschließliche Verwendung der männlichen Form geschlechtsunabhängig verstanden werden soll. 7 INHALT 1.0 EINLEITUNG 9 1.1 Hintergrund, Aufgabenstellung und Ziel der Arbeit 9 1.2 Vorgehensweise 11 2.0 STARTUP - ÖKOSYSTME 11 2.1 Begriffherkunft und wissenschaftliche Einordnung 11 2.2 Akteure eines Startup - Ökosystems 13 2.3 Aktivitäten in einem Startup - Ökosystem 15 2.4 Einfl ussfaktoren auf Startup-Ökosystme 18 2.5 Bespiele für Startup - Ökosysteme 19 3.0 RÄUME FÜR GRÜNDER 23 3.1 Gründerzentren und physische Inkubatoren 23 3.2 Coworking Spaces 25 3.2.1 Beschreibung 25 3.2.2 Beispiele für Coworking Spaces 27 4.0 CASE STUDIES 31 4.1 Factory Berlin 32 4.1.1 Standort 33 4.1.2 Konzept 34 4.1.3 Akteure 35 4.1.4 Fazit 37 4.2 Station F Paris 38 4.2.1 Standort 38 4.2.2 Konzept 40 4.2.3 Akteure 40 4.2.4 Fazit 43 4.3 weXelerate 44 4.3.1 Standort 45 4.3.2 Konzept 46 4.3.3 Akteure 47 4.3.4 Fazit 50 4.4 Talentgarden 51 4.4.1 Standort 52 4.4.2 Konzept 52 4.4.3 Akteure 53 4.4.4 Fazit 55 8 5.0 LESSONS LEARNED 55 5.1 Standort 56 5.2 Konzept 57 5.3 Akteure 58 5.4 Zusammenfassung erfolgskritischer Faktoren 60 6.0 BEWERTUNG DER KONZEPTIDEE EINES STARTUPCLUSTERS AM EHEMALIGEN SIEMENSAREAL IN WIEN 63 6.1 Ausgangssituation 63 6.2 Analysen und Bewertungen des Standorts im Bezug auf das Konzept 63 6.2.1 Standort Wien 64 6.2.2 Konkurrenzanalyse 65 6.2.3 Standort Gudrunstraße 69 6.2.4 Konzept 74 6.2.5 Akteure 75 6.3 Bewertung der Projektidee 76 6.4 Handlungsempfehlunen 79 7.0 FAZIT 82 7.1 Ausblick 84 9 1.0 EINLEITUNG 1.1. Hintergrund, Aufgabenstellung und Ziel der Arbeit Heutzutage sind die Begriffe „digitaler Wandel“ oder „vierte industrielle Revolution“ vermutlich den meisten unternehmerisch tätigen Menschen bekannt. Es ist davon auszugehen, dass sich auch in Zukunft viele Bereiche unseres Lebens, allen voran die Arbeitswelt, erheblich verändern werden. Unternehmen und Or- ganisationen stehen dabei vor der Aufgabe bei dieser Entwicklung Schritt zu halten und durch Innovationen konkurrenzfähig zu bleiben. Dies erfordert neben der Kreativität vor allem neue Technologien und Orga- nisationsstrukturen. Genau diese drei Aspekte nutzen insbesondere Startups zu ihrem Vorteil, um auch etablierten Konzernen Konkurrenz zu machen. Doch was genau ist eigentlich ein Startup? Ein Startup ist nicht einfach die kleinere Version eines großen Unternehmens. Stattdessen handelt es sich um eine temporär existierende Organisation auf der Suche nach skalierbaren, nachhaltigen, proftablen Geschäftsmodellen.1 Darüber hinaus kann neben einem gewissen Grad an Innovation auch die Finanzierung durch Risikokapital als Kennzeichen aufgeführt werden.2 Viele erfolgreiche Startups sind „exponentielle Organisationen“, d.h. der Output ist trotz dem geringeren Ressourceneinsatz um ein Vielfaches höher als bei anderen Organisa- tionen.3 Ein Beispiel hierfür ist das ehemalige Startup Airbnb. Das im Jahr 2008 gegründete Unternehmen vermittelt weltweit über 4.000.000 Unterkünfte von größtenteils privaten Besitzern an potentielle Kunden.4 Damit steht Airbnb in direkter Konkurrenz zu traditionellen Hotelunternehmen. Die Hotelkette Hilton bei- spielsweise wurde bereits im Jahr 1919 gegründet und bietet im Vergleich dazu nur ca. 800.000 Zimmer an.5 Laut Richard Foster, Professor an der Yale University, hat sich die Lebensspanne von Unternehmen im S&P 500 von durchschnittlich 50 Jahren, zu Beginn der 1920er Jahre, auf nur 15 Jahre reduziert. Zudem sollen im Jahr 2020 dreiviertel der Unternehmen im S&P 500 sein, die im Jahr 2012 noch weitgehend unbekannt waren.6 Nicht zuletzt diese Fakten veranschaulichen den wirtschaftlichen Wandel, in dem dieser neuen Art von Unternehmen eine wesentliche Rolle zukommt. 1 Blank, Steve, Dorf, Bob (2014). S. 21 2 https://www.gruenderszene.de/lexikon/begriffe/startup, zugegriffen am 15.05.2017 3 Ismail, Salim (2014) 4 https://press.atairbnb.com/app/uploads/2017/08/4-Million-Listings-Announcement-1.pdf, zugegriffen am 20.05.2017 5 Hilton Hospitality (2016) 6 Gittleson Kim (2012) 10 In Verbindung mit dem Begriff „Startup“ denkt man häufg an junge Gründer, die nachts in den Garagen ih- rer Eltern an neuen und innovativen Ideen „basteln“. Wenngleich in der Vergangenheit einige dieser Firmen tatsächlich in Garagen entstanden sind, so müssen die Räumlichkeiten heutzutage hohe Anforderungen erfüllen, um darin erfolgreich wachsen und arbeiten zu können. Solche Immobilien sind komplexe Einrich- tungen, in denen die verschiedensten Akteure interagieren, ihr Wissen teilen, voneinander proftieren und innovieren. Michael E. Porter beschrieb bereits im Jahr 1990 die innovationsfördernde Wirkung von soge- nannten Clustern, d.h. der räumlichen Konzentration von verschiedenen Akteuren in einem wirtschaftlichen Umfeld.7 STARTUP DEFINITION SKALIERBAR INNOVATIV D. RISIKOKAPITAL FINANZIERT Abbildung 01: Startup Definition (eigene Darstellung) Im Jahr 2016 brachte die TU Wien in Partnerschaft mit dem Eigentümer des ehemaligen Siemens-Haupt- quartiers im 10. Wiener Gemeindebezirk die Idee ein, ein derartiges Cluster am besagten Standort zu entwickeln. Daraufhin wurde das Areal ab dem 1. Jänner 2016 als mischgenutzte Fläche neu positioniert. Die bestehenden Gebäude sollen teilweise zur Ansiedlung von Startups zur Verfügung gestellt werden. Das Projekt soll nicht nur als Immobilie erfolgreich sein, sondern soll vor allem auch die optimalen Vorausset- zungen schaffen, um hier Innovationen zu generieren. Um diesem Anspruch gerecht zu werden, sollen in dieser Arbeit Grundlagen entwickelt werden, auf denen man das Projekt in weiterer Folge aufbauen kann. Dabei sollen zunächst die Erfolgsfaktoren von Startup-Immobilien identifziert werden, um anschließend die Projektidee an diesem Standort bewerten zu können. Aus der vorliegenden Aufgabenstellung ergeben sich folgende Fragen: - Welche Erfolgsfaktoren lassen sich für die Entwicklung und den Betrieb von Startup-Immobilien ableiten? - Wie kann das ehemalige Siemens-Hauptquartier erfolgreich als Startup-Campus positioniert werden? 7 Porter, Michael E. (1998). S. 77-90 11 1.2. Vorgehensweise Zur Erfüllung der Aufgabenstellung und zur Beantwortung der Fragestellungen wird die Arbeit in zwei Teile aufgeteilt: Im ersten Teil der Arbeit wird zunächst der theoretische Hintergrund von Innovationen im Zusammenhang mit räumlicher Konzentration beleuchtet. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf dem Zusammenspiel von Akteuren, wel- che im Abschnitt Startup-Ökosysteme behandelt werden. Nachfolgend wird anhand von Fallbeispielen eine vertiefende Analyse von Startup-Immobilien durchgeführt, um daraus übertragbare Erfolgsfaktoren identifzieren zu können. Die Informationen zu den Fallbeispielen wurden sowohl durch Internet- und Literaturquellen, als auch im Rahmen von Interviews, zusammengetra- gen. Im zweiten Teil werden die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse auf die Bewertung der Projektidee eines Startup- Campuses am Standort des ehemaligen Siemens-Areals angewendet. Dabei werden Analysen zum Stand- ort und Markt erarbeitet sowie weitere erfolgskritische Faktoren einer Startup-Immobilie bezogen auf das Areal
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