1 Long, Armistead Lindsay. Memoirs of Robert E. Lee: His Military And

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

1 Long, Armistead Lindsay. Memoirs of Robert E. Lee: His Military And Long, Armistead Lindsay. Memoirs of Robert E. Lee: His Military and Personal History. New York: J. M. Stoddart & Company, 1886. Family background, 17-23 Boyhood, West Point, engineer, 24-46 Mexican War, 47-71 Indian campaign, 72-81 Slavery, Kansas, John Brown, secession, Fort Sumter, Texas, offered command of the army, Blair and Scott, commands, Virginia forces, 82-99 North vs. South, Lee organizes army, Gorgas, Manassas, 100-113 Meets Lee in Richmond, Lee described, businesslike, 111-13 Western Virginia campaign, De Lagnel, Loring, Cheat Mountain, Letcher, Kanawha, Wise, Floyd Traveler, 114-33 Confederate coast defenses, Charleston fire, Port Royal, Roanoke Island, Fort Pulaski, Choctawhatchee, Richmond, Pemberton, 134-44. Peninsula campaign, Big Bethel, Butler, Magruder, Huger, Merrimac and Monitor, McClellan, Johnston, Yorktown, Williamsburg, Norfolk, Drewry’s Bluff, Seven Pines, Fair Oaks, Lee appointed to command, 145-160 Seven Days, attack, Stuart raid around McClellan’s army, Jackson, Mechanicsville, Reynolds, Magruder, Savage’s Station, Frazier’s Farm, Malvern Hill, useful entries from Long’s diary, much information about Lee, 161-81 Pope outgeneraled, Stuart, Early, Jackson, Lee and Longstreet have dinner with women, Lee comforts a woman from whom Yankees stole horses, stores captured at Manassas Junction, Second Manassas, Bull Run,, Germantown, 182-202 Antietam campaign, morale, Lee horse accident, Frederick, Maryland, Harpers Ferry, A. P. Hill, Boonsboro, Longstreet, Burnside, 203-224 D. H. Hill, 221 Lee’s temper, 222 Fredericksburg, McClellan, locating camps, Stuart raid into Pennsylvania, Stuart and alcohol, religious revivals, Lee popularity, Burnside, delay, Marye’s Heights, Lee refused to occupy a house, food, 225-45 Chancellorsville, conscription, Hooker, Lee and Jackson, Reverend Lacy, Sedgwick, army reorganized, government finances, 246-66 Gettysburg, Culpeper, Meade, Longstreet, Sickles, Little Round top, Hood, Ewell, Pickett, retreat, 267-302 Lee and a wounded Federal soldier, 302 Campaign of strategy, promotions, Meade, Brandy Station, Stuart, women, Sedgwick, Lee and a scout, 303-8 Bristoe Station, Buckland Races, 308-312 Mine Run, 312-17 Religious revival, 317-18 General Long and artillery, Kilpatrick and Dahlgren raid, 318-21 Overland campaign, Wilderness, Spotsylvania Courthouse, Cold Harbor, Longstreet, Venable, Hancock, Stuart death, Sheridan, North Anna, 322-51 1 Early’s Valley campaign, Butler, Beauregard, Sigel, New Market, David Hunter, death of General W. E. Jones, Hampton, Monocacy, Kernstown, Fisher’s Hill, Cedar Creek, barbarism and burning in Valley campaign, 352-369 Siege of Petersburg, Smith assault on Petersburg, Birney, Reams Station, earthworks, Petersburg mine, Hancock, Sheridan, Colonel Carter’s reminiscences, camp slave, Lee and sparrow, Hampton, buttermilk, 369-89 Siege of Petersburg continued, Fort Fisher, Reams Station, Weldon railroad, Fort Harrison, Lee and newspaper editors, Fort Steadman, White Oak Road, Five Forks, death of A. P. Hill, 390-408 Petersburg to Appomattox, Petersburg breakthrough, Richmond fire, Amelia Courthouse, food train missing, skirmishing, Ewell, Farmville, Colonel Jones, General Wise, Venable, Lee and Grant, Appomattox, General Hunt, 409-27 General Lee as a soldier, general qualities, 428-36 Lee as college president, 437-55 Home and social life, 456-470 Death of Lee and funeral, 471-86 World’s estimate of Lee, 487-500 Staff, correspondence, reports, parole rolls, 501-706 2 .
Recommended publications
  • VOL. L, NO. 7 Michigan Regimental Round Table Newsletter—Page 1 August 2010
    VOL. L, NO. 7 Michigan Regimental Round Table Newsletter—Page 1 August 2010 On June 7, 1864, 9300 Federal horsemen under Major General Phil Sheridan traveled northwestward from their camps at Cold Harbor. Their orders were to join forces with Major General David Hunter advancing from the Shenandoah Valley, then destroy the Virginia Central Railroad and the James River Canal. For four days Sheridan led his troopers toward Trevilian Station, a freight and water stop on the vital Confederate railroad. While the Federals rode leisurely, Major General Wade Hampton pushed his 6400 Rebels to intercept this Federal menace. The two forces clashed about 5:00 A.M. on June 11, two miles northeast of the depot. Troops on both sides were ordered to dismount as the fighting took place among a tract of dense underbrush and trees. Fighting blindly in the thick growth caused confusion as many from both sides fired into their own men. Late in the morning Sheridan committed another division which smashed Hampton’s front. As many of Hampton’s men fled toward the depot, they were met by the “Wolverines” of George Armstrong Custer. Hampton’s incensed troopers charged, and a furious struggle ensued. From three sides Confederate reinforcements closed in on Custer’s beleaguered men for a number of hours in the stifling heat. Finally the Federals cracked a seam in the Confederate lines and escaped. The next morning Sheridan’s horsemen renewed the attack, and during the afternoon South Carolinians under Matthew Calbraith Butler repulsed seven separate attacks by General Wesley Merritt and Colonel Thomas C.
    [Show full text]
  • Fort Pulaski U.S
    National Park Service Fort Pulaski U.S. Department of the Interior Fort Pulaski National Monument From Slave to Soldier on the Georgia Coast Fort Pulaski National Monument With the fall of Fort Pulaski to Union troops in April 1862, the Union tightened its grip on the coastline of Georgia and South Carolina. A large population of former slaves was left behind on abandoned cotton plantations. Almost immediately, the Union quietly began testing the controversial use of African Americans as soldiers away from the media glare of Washington. The Fort as Sanctuary Almost as soon as the Union conquered Fort also found the runaways helpful as navigators on Pulaski, slaves began running away from nearby the confusing network of creeks that meandered plantations. The slaves pictured above, some through the marshes around Savannah. But wearing cast-off soldier garb, were living in General David Hunter, commander of Union outbuildings at the fort. forces in Georgia and South Carolina, was an ardent abolitionist. He had bigger plans for the The Union army put some of them to work as former slaves. laborers around the fort. Union boat captains Hunter’s Proclamations Just two days after the battle for Fort Pulaski, President Abraham Lincoln, learning of the on April 13, 1862, General Hunter issued an proclamations through newspapers, immediately emancipation proclamation for all slaves on disavowed the May edict. The emancipation Cockspur Island. A month later, on May 9, of slaves, representing millions of dollars of 1862, Hunter issued another emancipation wealth for southerners, was to be handled at the proclamation, declaring all slaves free in Georgia, highest levels of government, not by a general South Carolina and Florida.
    [Show full text]
  • Episode 210: Prelude to Cedar Creek Week of October 12-October 18
    Episode 210: Prelude to Cedar Creek Week of October 12-October 18, 1864 When Ulysses Grant took over command of all United States armies, he devised a plan to totally annihilate the Confederacy from multiple directions. While Grant and George Meade attacked Robert E. Lee and pushed him back toward Richmond, William Tecumseh Sherman would invade Georgia, Nathaniel Banks would attack Mobile, Alabama and Franz Sigel would invade the Shenandoah Valley, the Confederacy’s “breadbasket”. The Valley Campaign did not start well for the Union as Sigel’s troops were defeated at New Market in May by a Confederate army that included VMI cadets. Sigel was replaced by David Hunter. Hunter resumed the offensive in early June and pushed the Confederates all the way up the valley to Lexington, where Hunter burned most of the VMI campus. Hunter then turned his sites on Lynchburg, but he was headed off there by reinforced Confederate troops under Jubal Early. On June 18, Hunter withdrew into West Virginia. Robert E. Lee, concerned about the lack of supplies and food that would result from Union control of the valley, ordered Early to go on the offensive. He also wanted Early to provide a diversion to relieve the pressure Lee was feeling from Grant’s offensive. Early moved down the valley with little Union opposition and in early July moved into Maryland, defeating a Union force at Frederick. From there he actually reached the outskirts of Washington, DC, fighting a battle that concerned Abraham Lincoln so much that he watched it in person. Not being able to make more progress, Early withdrew back into Virginia, where he defeated the Union again near Winchester at the Second Battle of Kernstown.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Hay, John. Lincoln's Journalist John Hay's Anonymous Writings for The
    Hay, John. Lincoln’s Journalist John Hay’s Anonymous Writings for the Press, 1860-1864. Edited by Michael Burlingame. Carbondale: Southern Illinois Press, 1998. Springfield, Lincoln nomination, Republican confidence, 1-3 Demonstration, Lincoln meeting, Trumbull, Doolittle, Wide Awakes, 3-6 Election in Illinois, Richard Yates, Wide Awakes, Douglas, Republican confident, 6-9 Lincoln, Thomas Edwards, 9-13 October votes, 13 Lincoln victory, crowds in Springfield, 13-16 Lincoln at the capitol, Trumbull, 17-18 Tribute to Lincoln, 18 Cameron, 18-19 Compromise rumors, 19 Crittenden, 19 Lincoln and delegation from Indiana, 20 Denunciation of secession attributed to Lincoln, 20 Cabinet selection, Lincoln reticent on secession crisis, editorials, 20-21 Compromise and Lincoln, 22 Edward Bates, 22 Lincoln returns to Springfield, 22-23 Lincoln in Indianapolis, departure from Springfield, 23-27 Cincinnati, 27-31 Buffalo, Ohio stops, 31-35 Albany, 35-39 New Jersey, Trenton, Philadelphia, 39-41 Philadelphia, Harrisburg, Baltimore, 41-42 Rumors of violence, Pinkerton, sneaking into Washington, 43-45 Lincoln, Cameron, Seward, Giddings, Greeley, 45 Inauguration, 46-47, 52-54 Western politicians and alcohol, 47 Mary Lincoln, 47 Washington, 48-50 Lincoln at Willard Hotel, Chase, Cameron, 51 Rumored secession of Virginia and Maryland, 51-52 Office seekers, 54-55 Rumor of Crittenden appointment to Supreme Court, 55 Forts, 56 Trade and money making, 56 Sumter and war fever, 57 7th New York 59-60 Ellsworth and Zouaves, 60-71 Congress and the war, taxation, death of Douglas, Breckinridge, 71-73 Scott and Cameron, news of army movements, newspapers correspondents, 73-74 Vallandigham, 74-75 Bull Run, 75-80 Wounded soldiers, hospitals, 79-80 1 McClellan, 81 Expected attack on Washington, 81-82 Rumors, Beauregard, Banks, 82 McClellan, 82-83 Bull Run, prisoners, 83-84 Office seekers, 84 John Frémont, 84-87 Prince Napoleon, Lincoln, Mercier, 87-93 Mary Lincoln at Long Branch, New Jersey, 93-99 Frémont, St.
    [Show full text]
  • 1864 Sandusky Played Role
    ‘Sandusky’ played critical role in 1864 Virginia house’s name stems from Ohio experience BY JOHN HILDEBRANDT SPECIAL TO THE REGISTER SANDUSKY In the summer of 1790, the Ohio River was a very dangerous place. Determined to keep the Ohio country for themselves, groups of Shawnee Indians patrolled the north shore looking for would-be settlers and other river travelers who they could kill or capture. In March 1790, a Shawnee war party attacked a group of men traveling to Kentucky on a surveying mission. Two of the men were killed outright, and one was burned at the stake. The remaining survivor, 20-year-old Charles Johnston, was taken more than 200 miles north to Lake Erie. His fate would be ransom or death by torture. Luckily for Johnston, he was able to convince a French fur trader, Francis Duchouquet, to ransom him from the Shawnee for 600 silver brooches and other trade goods. On April 28, after five weeks as a Shawnee captive, on his 21st birthday, he and Duchouquet left Sandusky, as the Indians called it, for Detroit and freedom. After such an ordeal, it is easy to understand how the word Sandusky stuck with him. Charles Johnston met with President George Washington on his return to Virginia. Washington was interested in what the post revolutionary British were doing in the Ohio country. He returned to Lynchburg, Va., as a local hero, married, and in 1808 built a beautiful, federal-style home, which he called “Sandusky.” In time, it became the hub of a large and successful 1,200-acre plantation.
    [Show full text]
  • MFA May 2019 Newsletter
    MFA May 2019 Newsletter The Middlebrooks Family Association 274 Wilder Drive, Forsyth, Georgia 31029 During the mid-1800s, Ralph Waldo Emerson said, “I have thought a sufficient measure of civilization is the influence of good women.” Considering the character and strength of our MFA female members, I would say he was on the mark! Considering May affords us the celebration of Mother’s Day, let us consider our Middlebrook Mothers, their strength and contributions. My husband, Rodney, says, “You Middlebrooks women are implacable ---fearless--- and certainly unstoppable.” Let’s think about Mary Middlebrook Reyner’s sailing across the Atlantic in 1638 (approximately three months of sailing) to join her sister, Ester Middlebrook Wigglesworth, who had already settled in New England. Mary’s voyage held a 50% survival rate. Ester was already experiencing isolation and disease, at the very least, in her new home. Early female historians, offering a more humanistic report than men, most likely included Ann Sims, Rachel, Lucy, and Sally Middlebrooks. These women were related to John and Thomas. “News Wives” were known for their letters to other family members containing not only details of their lives but also the politics of that time. I suspect both Susannah Middlebrook (daughter of Nathaniel) and Catherine Middlebrook (daughter of William Lewis) were among those “News Wives.” During the Civil War, Delitha Stanton Middlebrooks (wife of John) exercised the good sense to use a “sign of distress” known by Masonic Brothers. Her quick- thinking lead Yankee soldiers to guard her home rather than conduct the customary raid. Around 1848, Jane Crawford Middlebrook (wife of Ibzan) was listed as the sole caretaker of NINE children.
    [Show full text]
  • VMI in the Civil War
    VMI in the Civil War November, 1859 A contingent of the Corps was dispatched to Charles Town following John Brown’s raid on the Harper’s Ferry arsenal. Cadets stood guard at Brown’s execution on December 2nd April, 1861 The Corps was sent to Richmond, where cadets drilled Confederate army recruits. The commanding officer during this trip was Major Thomas J. (Stonewall) Jackson, who had joined VMI’s faculty in 1851 as professor of natural and experimental philosophy and instructor of artillery. Jackson accepted a commission and left for active duty soon after the Corps arrived in Richmond. May, 1862 The Corps was ordered to aid General Jackson’s forces during the McDowell campaign. The cadets, commanded by Scott Shipp, marched in pursuit of Federal troops but were not engaged in battle. May, 1863 General Stonewall Jackson died on May 10 from wounds received at the Battle of Chancellorsville, and his body was returned to Lexington for burial. August – December, 1863 The Corps was called into the field to defend against the raids of General William Averell, but was not engaged in battle. May 15, 1864 The Corps, again under the command of Scott Shipp, marched into battle along with General John C. Breckinridge’s forces against Federal troops led by General Franz Sigel. Ten cadets were mortally wounded in the Battle of New Market. June 11, 1864 Federal troops, under the command of General David Hunter, entered Lexington. The Corps retreated to a camp in the Blue Ridge near Balcony Falls. VMI was burned the next day by Hunter’s soldiers.
    [Show full text]
  • Shenandoah at WAR
    Shenandoah AT WAR If this Valley is lost, Virginia– Gen. is Thomas lost! J. “Stonewall” Jackson One story... a thousand voices. Visitors Guide to the Shenandoah Valley’s Civil War Story Shenandoah Valley Battlefields National Historic District Shenandoah Valley Battlefields National Historic District Explore the National Historic District Other Areas By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher area by area... including Harpers Ferry, ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole line was Martinsburg, and thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and Winchester Charles Town Harpers Ferry including areas of Frederick and Clarke counties Page 40 for hours successfully repulsed Page 20 Third Winchester Signal Knob Winchester Battlefield Park including Middletown, Strasburg, and Front Royal By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Page 24 Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took New Market including Luray and areas of Page County a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no Page 28 other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher Rockingham ground..
    [Show full text]
  • Confederate Civilians in the 1864 Shenandoah Valley Campaign
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Faculty Publications, Department of History History, Department of 2006 Nothing Ought to Astonish Us: Confederate Civilians in the 1864 Shenandoah Valley Campaign William G. Thomas III University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/historyfacpub Part of the History Commons Thomas, William G. III, "Nothing Ought to Astonish Us: Confederate Civilians in the 1864 Shenandoah Valley Campaign" (2006). Faculty Publications, Department of History. 48. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/historyfacpub/48 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the History, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications, Department of History by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Published in Gary W. Gallagher, ed., The Shenandoah Valley Campaign of 1864 (Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina Press, 2006), pp. 222-256. Copyright 2006 The University fo North Carolina Press. ILLIAM G. THOMAS Nothing Ought to Astonish Us Confederate Civilians in the 1864 Shenandoah Valley Campaign ancy Emerson lived in Staunton, Virginia, and kept a diary intermittently throughout the Civil War. Emerson was raised in Massachusetts and moved south with her brother, a Lutheran minister, in the late 1850s. They be- came Confederates, transplanting themselves and driv- ing deep roots intoN the new soil around them. Emerson intended her diary to be read by her "northern friends, should any of them have the curiosity to read [it] ." She felt increasingly sick with what she thought might be typhoid fever, so she directed that the journal "be forwarded to" her northern friends "at some future time." She wondered what her friends in the North thought about the war and the South, and what they thought about the destruction of civilian property in Staunton and farther up the Valley in Lexington in June 1864.
    [Show full text]
  • Deportation to Dixie
    Deportation to Dixie On August 3, 1864, Major General David Hunter, head of the Department of West Virginia (which included western Maryland), complained in a letter to Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton that it is “impossible … to conduct military operations advantageously in this department if … spies and traitors are permitted to go at large and continue their disloyal practices in the midst of my army.”1 The “spies and traitors” to which Hunter referred were those Southern sympathizers who had, allegedly, given aid to General Jubal Early’s Confederate troops during their recent raid into the area, and who had directed Confederate troops to the houses of Union men which they might plunder. Hunter’s complaint tapped into the bitterly polarized sectionalism in the area that, after three years of war and Union General David Hunter, who Early’s raids in the region, had deepened the hostility of wanted to take aggr essive action against pro-Southern citizens in the Frederick Unionists towards Confederate sympathizers. Demands area (Library of Congress) for retaliatory action came from newspapers like the Frederick Examiner, which declared that Unionists and “domestic traitors” could “no longer exist in this State,” and that the latter should be “expelled from our midst.”2 General Hunter’s outrage, and the sentiment expressed in the Frederick Examiner, found their way into an order Hunter issued on July 18, 1864. Hunter commanded that all those who had directed Confederate soldiers to the property of Union men be identified and arrested. Men were to be imprisoned in Wheeling, and their families deported somewhere beyond federal lines.
    [Show full text]
  • Mrs. Maria Hunter
    University of Oklahoma College of Law University of Oklahoma College of Law Digital Commons American Indian and Alaskan Native Documents in the Congressional Serial Set: 1817-1899 7-13-1886 Mrs. Maria Hunter. Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.ou.edu/indianserialset Part of the Indian and Aboriginal Law Commons Recommended Citation H.R. Rep. No. 3214, 49th Cong., 1st Sess. (1887) This House Report is brought to you for free and open access by University of Oklahoma College of Law Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in American Indian and Alaskan Native Documents in the Congressional Serial Set: 1817-1899 by an authorized administrator of University of Oklahoma College of Law Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 49TH CoNGRESS, } HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. REPORT 1st Session. { No. 3214. MRS. :MARIA HUNTER. JuLY 13, 1886.-Laid over and ordered to be printed. Mr. MATSON, from the Committee on InYaliu Pensions, submitted the following REPORT: [To accompany bill H. R. 7167 and Ex. Doc. 327.1 The Committee on Invalid Pensions, to whom u·as referred the bill (H. R. 7167) for the relief of JJ!Irs. Maria Hunter, with the President's objections, have had the same under consideration, and submit the following report: The following is the report originally submitted in this case: [House Report No.1522, Forty-ninth Congress, first session-1 The claimant is the widow of the late Maj. Gen. David Hunter, who died on the 2d day of February, 181::6. General David Hunter was one of the most distinguished soldiers oft be late war, as his military record, herewith attached and made part of this report, shows: wAR DEPARTMENT, ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S OFFICE, Washington, D.
    [Show full text]
  • The Valley Campaign of 1864 and Ramifications for the War
    Parkland College A with Honors Projects Honors Program 2018 The alV ley Campaign of 1864 and Ramifications for the War Trey Meyer Parkland College Recommended Citation Meyer, Trey, "The alV ley Campaign of 1864 and Ramifications for the War" (2018). A with Honors Projects. 250. https://spark.parkland.edu/ah/250 Open access to this Essay is brought to you by Parkland College's institutional repository, SPARK: Scholarship at Parkland. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Trey Meyer HIS 104 Honors Paper The Valley Campaign of 1864 and Ramifications for the War In 1861 the Civil War began and brought with it four years of devastation and destruction along with hundreds of thousands of casualties. The United States hung in the balance for these four crucial years and the battles and campaigns would decide the future of the nation. The Valley Campaign in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia in 1864 was a crucial campaign that helped decide the fate of the war and the nation. In the summer of 1864, the United States was still locked in the bloodiest engagement in its history. In the countryside of Virginia, Union General Ulysses S. Grant and Confederate General Robert E. Lee were slamming into each other’s armies trying to pressure the other side into defeat, leaving scores of dead in their wake (David and Greenwalt Chapter 1). Confederate General Jubal Early, under the command of General Lee, had cleared the Shenandoah Valley of Yankee soldiers. Now, in July of 1864, General Early had the dome of the U.S.
    [Show full text]