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1464 Cardiovascular Oxprenolol plasma concentrations in the newborn ranged injection of 4250, 6400, or 8500 units for a further 10 to 20 from 0 to 0.186 nanomoles/mL during the first 24 hours of days. life. The concentrations of oxprenolol in breast milk 3 to 6 References. days after delivery ranged from 0 to 1.342 nanomoles/mL, L Frampton JE, Faulds D. Parmparin: a review of its pharmacology, and and the milk to plasma concentration ratio was 0.45: I. clinical application in the prevention and treatment of thromboembolic Based on the highest milk concentration seen it was calcu and other vascular disorders, Drugs 1994; 47: 652-76. 2. McKeage K, Keating GM. Parnaparin: a review of its use in the lated that a breast-fed infant could receive, at a maximum, management of venous thromboembolism, chronic venous disease and a daily dose at least 60 times less than an average adult other vascular disorders. Drugs 2008; 68: 105-22. daily dose (240 mg daily) for hypertension. In another study2 in 12 women given oxprenolol, mean milk to Inflammatory bowel disease, Oral parnaparin, formu plasma concentration ratios were 0.21:1 to 0.43: I, depend lated for colonic release, has been investigatedL2 in the ing on dose. Pamiteplase is a thrombolytic related to alteplase (p. 1296.3) management of patients with mild to moderate ulcerative I. Sioufi A, et al. Oxprenolul placental transfer, plasma concentrations in that has been used in acute myocardial infarction. It has colitis (p. 1811.3). See also under Low-molecular-weight newborns and passage into breast milk. Br J Clin Pharmacal 1984; 18: been investigated in ischaemic stroke. Heparins, p. 1426.2. 453-6. I. Pastnrelli L, et al. Oral, colonic-release low-molecular-weight heparin: 2. Fidler J, et al. Excretion of oxprenolol and timolol in breast milk. Br 1 an initial of Parnaparin-MMX for the treatment of mild-to- Obstet Gynaecol 1983; 90: 961-5. P epa a ons 28: r r ti . .......................... ...... ... ......... ....................... moderate ulcerative colitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2008; . .. 581-8. Proprietary Preparations (details are given in Volume B) r ti 2. Celasco G, et a!. Clinical trial: oral colon-rcle<Jse parnaparin sodium �r.�p? ? ".n.� tablets (CB-Ol-05 MMX) for active left-sided ulcerative colitis. Aliment Single-ingredient Prepara�ons. Jp n: Solinaset. Proprietary Preparations (details are given in Volume B) Pharmacal Ther 2010; 31: 375-86. Single-ingredient Preparations. Austral. : Corbeton; Canad.: Tra sicort; Fr.: Trasicort; Ger.: Trasicort; Gr. : Drisoftaline; Trasicor; ........... ............ .. ...... ...... ...................... Vrachor; Zetonium; Hong Kong: Corbetont; Neth.: Trasicort; Proprietary Preparations (details are given in Volume B) Spain: Trasicort; Switz.: Slow-Trasicort; Trasicort; Turk. : Trasi cort; UK: Slow-Trasicor; Trasicor. Single-ingredient Prepara�ons, China: Fluxum (10"#/l.Lf:); Cz.: Fluxum; Gr.: Thromboparin; Tromboparin; Hung.: Fluxum; Multi-ingredient Preparations. Fr.: Trasitensinet; Gr.: Trasiten India: Fluxum; Indon.: Fluxum; Ital.: Fluxum; Zoltar; Mex. : sin; Ital.: Trasitensin; Spain: Trasitensin; Switz.: Slow-Trasiten Fluxum; Pol. : Fluxumt; Port.: Fluxum; Tromboparin; Turk.: sine; UK: Trasidrext. Fluxum; Venez. : Tromboparin. Pharmacopoeial Preparations BP 2014: Oxprenolol Tablets; USP 36: Oxprenolol Hydrochloride Extended-release Tablets; Penbutolol Sulfate (BANM, USAN, r/NNMJ ® Oxprenolol Hydrochloride Tablets. NOTE. The names Dermorizin, Palfadin, Panholeata, Hoe·-39-.$93d; Panpyotin, Parutox, and Youtetine have been used as trade marks for pantethine. Hemisulfate: Oxyfedrine Hydrochloride IBANM r/NNMJ P�nbutolol, • sulfato de: Pe,nbutc:ioi Pharmacopoeias. In Jp n. sulfas; Penbt;t. oioho suifutas; PeQbvt(Jicl'isu'lta.otti; D-563; Hidrodoruro de oxifedrina; Oxifedrina, ni<:lrodoruro lolsulfat: . Penbutotol·szulfat;. Oxifedrini Ch,oridum; Oxyfedrim;, (hlorhydrate. d'; de; . ronbfla Cynb(j)at. Oxyfedr!ni f-lydro<;;hloridum; OKcwrpegpwHa lwgpOXJlop�A- Pantethine, a derivative of pantothenic acid (p. 2085.2), is a (5)-.1 -tert- Butylarnino-3· (2-cyc!Opentyi pbenoxy)propan-2�ot 3-(13-Hydroxy,a- methylphenethylamino •methoxypro l · )-3' component of coenzyme A. It is used as a lipid regulating piophenone hyqrochioride. drug in the treatment of hyperlipidaemias (p. 1248.1). The C ,QH,N03,HCI�349.9 - usual oral dose is 0.6 to 1.2 g daily in divided doses. C45 - - - 'i5687�4 l-"9 Pantethine is also used as a nutritional supplement. hydrochioride/, ATC� .. COlDX03. P epa a ons r r ti..... ........... ........... ATC Vet � !...ICO WXOJ . Proprietary Preparations (details are given in Volume B) UN!! ----- 63CF9XK7DA (see p. vii), Jpn, and US. Single-ingredient Preparations. Ital. : Pantetina; Jp n: Pantosin. Ph. Eur. 8: (Penbutolol Sulfate). A white or almost white, Profile crystalline powder. Slightly soluble in water; practically Oxyfedrine hydrochloride has vasodilator properties and Parnaparin Sodium (BAN, r/NNJ insoluble in cyclohexane; soluble in methyl alcohol. Protect has been used in angina pectoris, and myocardial infarction. from light. It is metabolised to phenylpropanolamine (p. 1674. 1). OP-2 1-23; ParnaparHniqat;lum; Parna!J'irin-Natr!Um; Parna USP 36: (Penbutolol Sulfate). A white to off-white, parin sodna sUI; · Parnaparin S<Jdyum; Parnaparina s6dica: crystalline powder. Soluble in water and in methyl alcohol. Preparations Parnapariqe . Sodiqui); Parnaparinnatrlum; . .. Parnaparin' Store in airtight containers. Protect from light. rlatrium:Pamaparinp natrio druska; Parni\parinum- natrlcum; Proprietary Preparations (details are given in Volume B) napHanapwl Ha Tpl!lii. Single-ingredient Preparations. India: lldamen; Philipp.: llda· Uses and Administration .CAS ·-- 904 /-08- 1. men; Port. : Ildamen. Penbutolol is a non-cardioselective beta blocker (p. 1316.3). ATC -� E!OIABO?. A7CVer -·-·Q80 7A807. It is reported to possess smne intrinsic sympathomimetic activity but lacks membrane-stabilising properties. Pamabrom (USANJ Pharmacopoeias. In Eur. (see p. vii) and Jp n. Penbutolol is used as the sulfate in the management of Ph. Eur. 8: (Parnaparin Sodium). It is prepared by hydrogen hypertension (p. 1251.1). It may also be used in cardiac peroxide and cupric salt depolymerisation of heparin disorders such as angina pectoris (p. 1254.3). obtained from the intestinal mucosa of pigs and cattle. The In hypertension penbutolol sulfate is given in an initial majority of the components have a 2-0-sulfo-a-L oral dose of 20 mg daily; the dose may be increased if idopyranosuronic acid structure at the non-reducing end necessary to 40 to 80mg daily. Maximum antihypertensive and a 2-N,6-0-disulfo-n-glucosamine structure at the efficacy is reported to occur within 2 weeks in patients given a dose of 20 mg daily but about 4 weeks may be required for Pharmacopoeias. In US. reducing end of their chain. The mass-average molecular mass ranges between 4000 and 6000, with a characteristic rnaximum effect in patients given lOmg daily. value of about 5000. The mass percentage of chains lower Penbutolol sulfate has also been used in similar doses in Profile than 3000 is not more than 30%. The degree of sulfation is cardiac disorders such as angina. Pamabrom is a weak diuretic that has been used, with 2.0 to 2.6 per disaccharide unit. Potency is not less than analgesics and antihistamines, for symptomatic relief of the 7 5 units and not more than II0 units of anti-factor Xa Adverse Effects, Treatment, and Precautions premenstrual syndrome. activity per mg with reference to the dried substance, and As for Beta Blockers, p. 1319.1. the ratio of anti-factor Xa activity to anti-factor ITa (antithrombin) activity is between 1.5 and 3.0. �r�p?r?ti()_n.� ..................................... Proprietary Preparations (details are given in Volume B) Profile The interactions associated with beta blockers are discussed Single-ingredient Preparations. Canad.: Diurex; USA: Maximum on p. 1321.2. Strength Aqua-Ban. Parnaparin sodium is a low-molecular-weight heparin (p. 142 6.1) with anticoagulant activity used in the Multi-ingredient Preparations. Arg.: Everfem; Canad.: Extra prevention of postoperative venous thromboembolism Pharmacokinetics Strength Multi-Symptom PMS Relief; Midol PMS; Multi-Symp (p. 1274. 1); it has also been used in other thromboembolic Penbutolol is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract tom PMS Relief; Painaid PMF; Pamprin; Relievol PMS; Tylenol disorders. For general surgical procedures it is given by and peak plasma concentrations occur about I to 3 hours Menstrual; Chile: Dolo-Esan Periodo Menstrual; Kitadol Peri subcutaneous injection in a dose of 3200 units 2 hours after a dose. Penbutolol is 80 to 98% bound to plasma ado Menstrual; Minfaden; Panagesic Periodo Menstrual; Pre before the procedure, followed by 3200 units once daily for dual; Sentual Periodo; Tapsin Periodo Menstrual; Tapsin Peri proteins. It has a high lipid solubility. It is extensively 7 days or until the patient is fully ambulant. For higher risk ado Premenstrual; China: Ai Jia (_)t{i); Malaysia: Panadol metabolised in the liver by hydroxylation and glucuronida Menstn1al; Mex. : Femsedin Kutz; Rus.: Femizol (<l>eMJIJon); Sin or orthopaedic patients a dose of 42 50units is given 12 tion, the metabolites being excreted in the urine with only gapore: Panadol Menstrual; USA: Lurline PMS; Midol Pre-Men hours before the procedure, followed by 4250 units 12 small amounts of unchanged penbutolol. A plasma strual Syndrome; Midol Teen Formula; Painaid PMF Premen hours postoperatively and then once daily for 10 days. elimination half·life of about 20 hours has been reported. strual Formula; Pamprin; Premsyn PMS; Womens Tylenol For treatment of thromboembolism a dose of 6400 units Multi-Symptom Menstrual Relief. is given by subcutaneous injection twice daily for 7 to 10 Renal impairment. Glucuronidation was considered more days. This may be followed by a once-daily subcutaneous prominent than hydroxylation in the _metabolism of All cross-references refer to entries in Volume A .