1464 Cardiovascular

Oxprenolol plasma concentrations in the newborn ranged injection of 4250, 6400, or 8500 units for a further 10 to 20 from 0 to 0.186 nanomoles/mL during the first 24 hours of days. life. The concentrations of oxprenolol in breast milk 3 to 6 References. days after delivery ranged from 0 to 1.342 nanomoles/mL, L Frampton JE, Faulds D. Parmparin: a review of its pharmacology, and and the milk to plasma concentration ratio was 0.45: I. clinical application in the prevention and treatment of thromboembolic Based on the highest milk concentration seen it was calcu­ and other vascular disorders, Drugs 1994; 47: 652-76. 2. McKeage K, Keating GM. Parnaparin: a review of its use in the lated that a breast-fed infant could receive, at a maximum, management of venous thromboembolism, chronic venous disease and a daily dose at least 60 times less than an average adult other vascular disorders. Drugs 2008; 68: 105-22. daily dose (240 mg daily) for hypertension. In another study2 in 12 women given oxprenolol, mean milk to Inflammatory bowel disease, Oral parnaparin, formu­ plasma concentration ratios were 0.21:1 to 0.43: I, depend­ lated for colonic release, has been investigatedL2 in the ing on dose. Pamiteplase is a thrombolytic related to alteplase (p. 1296.3) management of patients with mild to moderate ulcerative I. Sioufi A, et al. Oxprenolul placental transfer, plasma concentrations in that has been used in acute myocardial infarction. It has colitis (p. 1811.3). See also under Low-molecular-weight newborns and passage into breast milk. Br J Clin Pharmacal 1984; 18: been investigated in ischaemic stroke. Heparins, p. 1426.2. 453-6. I. Pastnrelli L, et al. Oral, colonic-release low-molecular-weight heparin: 2. Fidler J, et al. Excretion of oxprenolol and timolol in breast milk. Br 1 an initial of Parnaparin-MMX for the treatment of mild-to- Obstet Gynaecol 1983; 90: 961-5. P epa a ons 28: r r ti ...... moderate ulcerative colitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2008; . .. . 581-8. Proprietary Preparations (details are given in Volume B) r ti 2. Celasco G, et a!. Clinical trial: oral colon-rcle

ATC� .. COlDX03. P epa a ons r r ti...... ATC Vet � !...ICO WXOJ . Proprietary Preparations (details are given in Volume B) UN!! ----- 63CF9XK7DA (see p. vii), Jpn, and US. Single-ingredient Preparations. Ital. : Pantetina; Jp n: Pantosin. Ph. Eur. 8: (Penbutolol Sulfate). A white or almost white, Profile crystalline powder. Slightly soluble in water; practically Oxyfedrine hydrochloride has vasodilator properties and Parnaparin Sodium (BAN, r/NNJ insoluble in cyclohexane; soluble in methyl alcohol. Protect has been used in angina pectoris, and myocardial infarction. from light. It is metabolised to phenylpropanolamine (p. 1674. 1). OP-2 1-23; ParnaparHniqat;lum; Parna!J'irin-Natr!Um; Parna­ USP 36: (Penbutolol Sulfate). A white to off-white, parin sodna sUI; · Parnaparin Santithrombin) activity is between 1.5 and 3.0. �r�p?r?ti()_n.� ...... Proprietary Preparations (details are given in Volume B) Profile The interactions associated with beta blockers are discussed Single-ingredient Preparations. Canad.: Diurex; USA: Maximum on p. 1321.2. Strength Aqua-Ban. Parnaparin sodium is a low-molecular-weight heparin (p. 142 6.1) with anticoagulant activity used in the Multi-ingredient Preparations. Arg.: Everfem; Canad.: Extra prevention of postoperative venous thromboembolism Pharmacokinetics Strength Multi-Symptom PMS Relief; Midol PMS; Multi-Symp­ (p. 1274. 1); it has also been used in other thromboembolic Penbutolol is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract tom PMS Relief; Painaid PMF; Pamprin; Relievol PMS; Tylenol disorders. For general surgical procedures it is given by and peak plasma concentrations occur about I to 3 hours Menstrual; Chile: Dolo-Esan Periodo Menstrual; Kitadol Peri­ subcutaneous injection in a dose of 3200 units 2 hours after a dose. Penbutolol is 80 to 98% bound to plasma ado Menstrual; Minfaden; Panagesic Periodo Menstrual; Pre­ before the procedure, followed by 3200 units once daily for dual; Sentual Periodo; Tapsin Periodo Menstrual; Tapsin Peri­ proteins. It has a high lipid solubility. It is extensively 7 days or until the patient is fully ambulant. For higher risk ado Premenstrual; China: Ai Jia (_)t{i); Malaysia: Panadol metabolised in the liver by hydroxylation and glucuronida­ Menstn1al; Mex. : Femsedin Kutz; Rus.: Femizol (eMJIJon); Sin­ or orthopaedic patients a dose of 42 50units is given 12 tion, the metabolites being excreted in the urine with only gapore: Panadol Menstrual; USA: Lurline PMS; Midol Pre-Men­ hours before the procedure, followed by 4250 units 12 small amounts of unchanged penbutolol. A plasma strual Syndrome; Midol Teen Formula; Painaid PMF Premen­ hours postoperatively and then once daily for 10 days. elimination half·life of about 20 hours has been reported. strual Formula; Pamprin; Premsyn PMS; Womens Tylenol For treatment of thromboembolism a dose of 6400 units Multi-Symptom Menstrual Relief. is given by subcutaneous injection twice daily for 7 to 10 Renal impairment. Glucuronidation was considered more days. This may be followed by a once-daily subcutaneous prominent than hydroxylation in the _metabolism of

All cross-references refer to entries in Volume A