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BEITRAGE ZUR REGIONALEN GEOLOGIE DER ERDE <0 T7 t~S T f^N -^ T Herausgegeben von Prof. Dr. H. J. Martini President der Bundesanstalt fiir Bodenforschung Band 7 v ^in j UKDi .N I

Dr. Friedrich Bender

(?-— - Oberrcgierung« so/eji e Bundesanstalt fiir Bodenforschung Flaimover

Friedrich Bender

GEOLOGIE VON JORDANIEN Mit 40 Abbildungen und 14 Tabellen im Text, idungen, 5 Fossiltafeln und 8 farbige Abbildungen auf Kunstdruck, 9 Abbildungen und 2 Tabelkn auf Ausschlagtafeln und l geologische Vbersichtskarte

1968 1968 GEBRODER BORNTRAEGER • BERLIN • STUTTGART GEBRODER BORNTRAEGER • BERLIN • STUTTGART

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Landschaft am Nordcndc dcs Wadi Ram in Siidjordanien: Brcite Zcrtalung mit Hane- schutt der ariden Verwitterung, mit Driftsand und mit pelitischcn Sedimcntcn in Rcgcn- pfannen;Grundgcbirgssockel (prakambrischer AplitgTanit, links im Hintcrgrund) und steil aufragendc Massive aus kambrischcn und ordovizischcn Sandstcincn Landscape at the North end of Wadi Ram in South : Broad playa basins with debris of the weathering in the arid cycle, with acolian sands and with pclific sediments in mud flats; left in background: Prc-Cambrian basement ofaplite-granite and steep mountain ridges ot Cambrian and Ordovician

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Abb. 36. Winkcldisknrdanic Auflaj»crung kambrisclier Sandsieine iiber dcr oberalgorikisch.cn 1<»nschicler-( i.rauw ackcnseric: mitderes Wadi Abu Barqa aril I.-Rand lies Wadi Aralu Fig. 36. Angular unconformity between tile I pper .Vlgoiiclati shirc- grcywackc series and •< .amhnan sandsiones; middle course ol the (--" Wadi Abu Barqa at ihc I.-side ul'thc Wadi Araha

I- -: igsgebiet der

ig gute Sor- ltung einzel-

:inen karbo- i mit 5 m bis 11 >ir Madhkur Die karbo- >, § icher Mach- adi Feinan— en (Kapitel iilfiihrenden

t^it ^PhtS«nit-Sockel (Prakambnum), gcbanktc Arkose-Sandstcine (Kambrium) massige, braun verwitternde Sandstcinc (Kambrium) und massige weiB vc™t3c Sandsteine (Unterordovizium) vom Wadi Ram, Sudjordanien »«« *cruittcrndc ^oS^-^S^^SS^hro'J^\Apliteugrariite (P/C-Cambrian). bedded arkose—sandstones*hit.sh weathered(Cambrian)Ldstonc^massive

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30mm nbrium bis raba (nach i to Middle Abb. 53. Dolomitischcr und feinsandigcr Kalk desboln.ii I ntcrkambriums bis Mittcl- kambriums (vorne rcchts) mit auflajjernden kambrischcn Sandstcincn; Bergmassiv im Mittclgrund: Kambrischc Huarzporphyrc; Ik-rgzug im I lintcrgrund: L'nterkrcide-Sand- stcinc und Ccnoman-Kalkc, mi Stdrungskontata mit den kambrischcn (icsteincn; Wadi Mogatba am mittlcrcn 1.-Rand des Wadi Araba Fig. 53. Foreground, right: Oolomitic and line-sandy of the upper LowerCam brian to Middle Cambrian, with Cambrian sandstones on top; mountains in center: Cambrian quartzporphyrics; mountain ridge in the background: Lower sandstones and Ccnomanian , dim nfaultcd against rocks of Cambrian age; at Wadi Mogatha, central part of Wadi Araba-1 .ast side 3strakodeh-

> vom Wadi ba-Ostrand;

[ Ma'an), in n gefunden es Jebel el

leiza, sowie

i'ertebraten-

m, von der

ion mussen ne mit fein- nit Konglo- 1 miichtigen vom Gebiet ichten iiber- it das ? Oli- .& Morton der Cardien :h R. Huck- ZKNBER.G & iten (90 km

dlfchen und kreisrunde, Abb. 97. Der Novdicil dcs Tnlvtl Mceres von W geschen; im rund Tiefen Vordcrgrund Obextcrrassc aus plcislozanen l.isan-Mcrgcln mil gmb- (Deflations- klastischcn /.wixchcnlagcn'; .ml der Tcrrasscntlachc Rcsic ciner Wasscrlcitung, die zu den Ktiincn der I.ssener Siedliing Qumnim •it, w ahrend fiihrt; jcnsciiigcr (iwllichcr) lirabcnrand mit den Scbicbienlolgen i nicht nach der Trias, dcs lur.iund der Isreide li al. Ghina, Fig. 97. Notbent part ol the IX.id Sea as \ ieu ed from \\ 'est : I ppcr terraces of Pleistocene I is.mm.iris with coarse clastic interealaiioiis; rdcn 14 200 at the terrace-surlaiv remnants o| an aqueduct bailing til tbc ruins . sic wcgcn of Qumram. an atu ii hi settlement i>l Ihe l.sscns; opposiic (I-.asiernl chntauscnde edge ol the Ionian Kill Willi the sequences ol 1tiassic, and Cretaceous sedmuills ruckljefuhlt iet (LlLLICH t Vererzung ten Gebieten in erheblich

?insandstein- :inen Gehalt , Cu absank. ne", wo eine u aufwiesen, 1 m ebenfalls

reaben, sind e Reihe von sdimentation

Verbreitung

lieser Schich-

irungen oder Abb. 138. Kupfervercrzter, hoch-untcrkambrischer Bis mittelkambrischcr Dolomit mit i i auflagcrndcn kambrischcn Sandstcincn; Seil el Ja'jar N Fcinan am Wadi Araba E-Rand rzknotten. Fig. 138. Copper-mineralized dolomite of upper Lower to Middle Cambrian age with H -npragnierten •1.1 Cambrian sandstones on top; Seil cl Ja'jar N of Fcinan at the East side of Wadi Araba W.i im umgeben- t'' n jedem Fall litisch.

men, mit der mis gekenn- n kupfererz-

insandsteinen Yulkanismus :ufuhr in den •stattc muBte ihr zuriickzu- iclkiimbriums

'tiicrtei' Sand-

indcn sich im ni machtige, te Ycrcrzung I

mehr als •logischen 40 m des i daB sich le 11a). h Bektor lensje ent-

cor allem n um ein Jn Ober- ilorid ge- i Konzen- sonstigen 1 1000:1, - V

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Abb. 157. Stiirzh.ich beiben Wasscrs (am Oui-Hansum nberhall. der Sintertcrrasse : 58 C) \ om. Wadi /.nq.i \|g'in Fig. 157. Cataract of |„„ U.1UT , s# C .„ ihermal sprint: on ,,„, Mn Ot sinter-terrace), \\ .tdi Zt rqa \lafn-arca ial'i koine lu-ns aut r dcutcn auna des -M i Mccres, J

i Summary 18

The highly metamorphosed rocks occuring in the Wadi Araba are thought to rep resent the remnants of the oldest ( ? early Algoncian) geosynclinal sedimentation, fol lowed by major intrusions of plutonites in southern Ionian. A great number of differentiated dyke rocks intruded the plutonites during several phases, during the late Algoncicn. Uplift and erosion preceded the deposition of the upper Algonciansediment: which overly the older rocks with an angular unconformity. These sediments, the ,,Sai.i:nuj Conglomerates" and the,,Slate-GreywackeSeries" indicate merelyepimetamorphic proc esses. They were intruded by quartzporphvries, porphyrites, and again by differentiated dyke rocks. The entire pre-Cambrian basement complex is considered to belong to the northern-rim of the African Craton, which was consolidated relatively late. Summary At the beginning of the Cambrian, a peneplane was developed in South-Jordan with deeply weathered plutonites at its surface. Neither highly metamorphosed ,,roof-rocks"; This volume of the ..Handbook ofthe Regional Geology of the Earth" deals with an nor upper Algoncian sediments were preserved anywhere. In the area of the Wadi .resi which, from the point of view of ageologist, is very favourably located for regional Araba-Jordan geosuture, however, a distinct relief was cut in the pre-Cambrian sur-' indies in the Near East: . face. Pre-Cambrian tectonic movements had occurred in the zone of the geosuture and The complex of pre-Cambrian rocks at the northern edge of the Nubo-Arabian had producedstructuralpositions which favoured the protection of highly metamor •hield is well exposed: phosed rocks and of upper Algoncian sediments from complete erosion prior to the The continuously changing environment of deposition along the southern-rim of the deposition of the Cambrian. Among other reasons, it is thought therefore, that the Iethys Ocean, frequently advancing towards the shield and regressing again since the initiation of the dilatation zone dates back to the pre-Cambrian. ambrian, offers good possibilities for time-stratigraphic subdivisions of both, the ma- Since the beginning of the Cambrian, the paleogeographic evolution of the country me and the continental sediments. was dominated by three factors: The evolution and structure of the Wadi Araba--Jordan Rift avery im- 1. By the Tethys-Ocean, which occupied the area in the W and NW, and transgressed ressive part ofthe East African-North Syrian Grabcn zone, can be traced in detail due several times over parts of, or over the entire country, i the good exposures, which may throw more light on the origin of great geosutures 2. by the unstable zone, the Wadi Araba-Jordan geosuture, or dilatation zone, between • general. the and the Transjordan blocks, anil The present paper is based on a compilation and critical sorting of the literature on 3. by the Nubo-Arabian Shield in the SE and S, from where mechanical ainl chcittical « subject, and on the author's own investigations during afive year stay in Jordan weathering products were transported into the shelf of the Tethvs, and where, at head of ageological mission. This mission was established in Jordan by the Geological certain periods, continental clastic sediments were deposited. irvey of the Federal Republic of within the frame work of an agreement on Continental, thick conglomerates and coarse, arkosic sandstones levelled tin pre- utual assistance in the technical and economic sphere between both governments Cambrian relief in the area of the Wadi Araba in the lower Cambrian, while sandstones trthermore, agreat number of yet unpublished stratigraphical and penological obser- without conglomerate layers were deposited in the peneplaned S- and SE-parts of rhe •tions and results of geological mapping made by the members of the geological country. i ission could be used. Itis for these reasons that in many cases new interpretations on During the upper periods of the lower Cambrian to the middle Cambrian, i lire .l.mentary environment, structure and paleogeographic conditions were achieved transgression of the Tethvs reached the E-rim of the central Wadi Araba, its course il are discussed in this volume. being distinctly influenced by the geosuture. To the E and SF. of the limit of the In the general introduction, some of the more important data on population, archae- transgression, the continental deposition of sandstones continued, apparently in a wide, >gy, history, history of geological research and economic development, morphology epeirogenic basin during a dominantly dry climatic-period. After this middle Cambrii n mate and vegetation are compiled. From aregional geological point of view adis- transgression, a regression is indicated, since continental sandstones were laid down ssion follows on the 6different, major geological provinces of the country. also in the northern Wadi Araba, on top of the marine sandstones of the transgression. Detailed descriptions are presented of the pre-Cambrian basement complex, of the In the area of the central E-rim of the WadiAraba,a quartzporphyry-volcanism i«• atigraphy, of the post-Algoncian eruptive rocks, and of the structural pattern. in the Cambrian. 1'aleogeographic interpretations are then discussed as derived from the described In theLowerOrdovician, the oceanadvancedagaintowards the Sand SEand gra I;a\ly servations. They are summarized as follows: reached SE-Jordan with pulsating, transgresstve and regressive movement! til size. It invaded the flathinterland slowlyand covered the enti ' SEof Joraan '• i • i ii ' 188 Summary 1(W

of ad,o,ning Saudi Arabia during the Llanvirn. The depositional environment with with deposition of much phosphorite, lumachelles of oysters and layers, md dominant fine sandstones and sandy shales continued to be of the fully marine, shallow basins with euxinic environment resulting in thick bituminuous limestone:; water type durmg the Middle and Upper Ordovician until the Llandoverian. In bays nounced during the Upper Campanian, Maestrichtian, Danian, and Paleocene. or mlagoons separated from the open sea, occasionally carbonates, and cm-thick gyp The marine depositional environment with basin- and swell-development i sum and rocksalt were precipitated. during the Paleocene and the major part of the Eocene. Not until the Upper Silurian was continental deposition of elastics resumed as Uplift and emergence apparently started in the , in the areas h observable in the SE-corner of the country. the\\ adi Araba-Jordan geosuture, while thesubsequently formed graben zone, Devonian, Carboniferous and sediments have not been found yet in Jordan parts ot N- and NE-Jordan, the Jesreel-Beisan depression and the Azrau-Wadi '• (see app. p. 213). Formations of these periods, which according to regional comparisons and El Jafr depressions still remained covered bv the sea. probably existed, were eroded during the phases of uplift and erosion which followed Along the Wadi Araba-Jordan rift, thedeposition ofcoarse clastic weathering pro- the Ialeozoic deposition. Remnants of Devonian to Permian deposits are likely to be from the bordering, uplifted areas ("syntectonic conglomerates") started togi discovered in favourable structural positions in the NW, N, and NE of the country or thetaphrogenic tectonism, in theOligocene. Locally, in the central parts ol • in the El Jafr and Wadi Sirhan-depressions, concealed by younger series. thick rock salt was formed in the (?) Oligo- to , in the other •:• A transgression directed towards the SE reached the area of the central deposition during the Tertiary, coarse elastics and rock salt are missing; inste ' Urn h-side of the Dead Sea, where littoral and lagoonal sediments were formed, while marly, glauconitic, and locally, fine clastic sediments were formed. further E and S erosion prevailed on the continent. During the Neogene, the paleogeographic conditions in the courseof the V'adi After aregression period during the Rhaetian-Liassic, the ocean transgressed the country JordanRitt were mainly dependent on the relation between taphfogenetic sul once more during the Dogger. The ..shore lines" run more or less" parallel Wof the and sediment-accumulation. The rift was either occupied by fresh water lakt i lininc borders of the Triassic transgression. The erosion on the continent in the Eand Scontin W to the Tethys, or it formed an inland depression with,terrestrial or lacusl nc scdi ued. Again, the S- and SE-limits of the transgressions are influenced remarkably by the mentation, or marine transgressions entered itsnorthern parts. It is possible, th I during course of the Wadi Araba-Jordan geosuture. Wand NW of the geosuture, the Triassic a short period of the Miocene/Pliocene, the Mediterranean Sea was linked with thi Ri -: and Jurassic series are more complete, considerably thicker, and partially deposited in a Sea through the depressions of Yezreel - Beisan - Jordan DeadSea Wadi basin of the mobile shelf. Gulf ot Aqaba. In any case, marine deposition during the Miocene had extended.loi Renewed uplift connected with epeirogenic movements and erosion, probably during morethan 100 km Eastof the rift valley into the El Azraq Wadi Sirhan depression and the Kimmendgian, preceded the formation of the Lower Cretaceous sandstones. Aregio even East of the Jebel ed Drouz basalt-area. nal angular unconformity therefore separates these elastics from the , Triassic A major phase of taphrogenic movements qccured in the Plio-Pleistocene; the main and Jurass1C formations. The dominantly marine depositional environment ofthe Lower intra-Pleistocene graben movements were terminated at the time of the Middle FI (.retaceous sediments was restricted to the NW, only small tongues extended to the E cene basalt vulcanism. Duringthisperiod,archaeological!)- assigned to the Yillal rA P , r'* trans8ressi»n during the Albian reached the area Eof the Jordan. In the and Acheulian, thick river deposits and volcanic materials derived from the adjacent T I, 5 thC Countr>'- ^Stones of continental type were formed which become uplifted mountains, as well as lacustrine sediments, accumulated in the northern part gradually thinner in the extreme SE of Jordan. Approaching the Nubo-Arabian Shield ot the rift valley. Probably since the early Upper Pleistocene, a fresh water lake ("Samra in the SE, the continental-sandy fades of the Lower Cretaceous was also developed in the Lake") covered the N-part of the rift. This fresh water lake gradually changed to the Upper Cretaceous, including the Santonian. The marine-calcareous facies of aregionally brackish "Lisan Lake", which existed in the Upper Pleistocene, "l.is.m Marls" .ransgressive ocean, beginning during the , covered these sandstones with extend from approx. 50 km Sot the Dead Sea in the north, almost as far as Lake I iberias, successively younger formations. During the Danian the sea extended to the extreme and cover locally Middle Pleistocene basalt flows. The shrinking by evaporation and b) •>fc ot Jordan where calcareous sediments are found overlying either a thin sheet of the structural subsidence of the hydrostatic base level, which finally changed the"Lisan continental, Upper Cretaceous sandstones, or resting directly on Paleozoic sandstones. Lake" to thepresent Dead Sea, consequently did not start before the Upper Pleistocene. In the Wandin N ofthecountry, folds were formed in the Middle Tertiary, followed At the beginning of the Upper Cretaceous, ahumid, tropical climate prevailed as a byregional, broad arching towards theend of the Neogene. Apparenth theLower Qua .ell preserved flora discovered in SE Jordan has revealed. Great quantities of silica ternary was the main period of faulting in these areas, which resulted in small-sized irom the hinterland, were transported into the advancing Upper Cretaceous Tethys where horst- and graben-structures, tilted blocks and inclined blocks bordered on one side hey were fixed as widespread chert layers together with limestones and marls. by flexures. . In the areas covered by the sea, basins with thick sediment-accumulation developed Denudation has prevailed in the uplifted areas neighbouring the Wadi Araba-Jordan ihich seem to coincide generally with the Wadi Araba-Jordan geosuture, with the Azraq- Rift since the Oligocene and in large parts of north, northeast and east Jordan since Aadi Sirhan depression, and with the El Jafr depression. The pattern of gentle swells the Miocene. Ml Resume 191

roughout the ( detritus was transported into the Rift Valley, and the Un soulevement, accompagne d'e;rosion est suivi par le depot des sediments algon- ensive Azraq-Wadi Sirhan- and El Jafr-depressions of E-Jordan. These depres- kiens superieurs; ceux-ci recouvrent leur substratum en discordance angulaire. iis were partly covered by fresh and brackish water lakes during pluvial periods of II s'agit des ,,Saramuj conglomerates" et des ,,Slates -greywacke scries" qui ont subi Pleistocene, while fluviatile conglomerates of the same periods spread over simplement un processus epimetamorphique. Ces formations furent injectees par des ensive areas along the E slopes of the mountain ridges bordering the E side of the porphyres quartziferes et des porphyrites, et ceux-ci par des dykes varies. idi Araba-Jordan Rift. Le socleprecambrien dans son ensemble est considere comme appartenant a la marge Ihe interpretation of the paleogeographic evolution as summarized above is followed Nord du craton africain, dont la consolidation tut relativement tardive. i discussion of the mineral resources, the hydrogeology, and the soils in Jordan. Au debut du Cambrien une peneplaine s'est developpee dans le S Jordanien; des plutonites profondement alterees formaient sa surface. Nulle part les roches fortement metamorphisees, ni les sediments algonkiens superieurs ne furent conserves. Resume Par contre dans la geosuture de I'Wadi Araba-Jourdaih des deformations pre- cambriennes avaient produit des dispositifs structuraux a la faveur desquels les tor e volume du ,,Precis de Geologie regionale de la Terre" traite d'une region fort mations de 1'Algonkien superieur furent preservees de 1'erosion complete, jusqu'a .ructive du point de vue de la geologie regionale du Proche-Orient: leur recouvrement par le Cambrien. Parmi d'autres raisons ceci Conduit a penser que e complexe des roches prexambriennes de la bordure Nord du bouclier arabonubien 1'origine de la zone de distension remonte au Precambrien. -•t tres bien expose; A partir du debut du Cambrien, revolution paleoge:ographique du pays tut dominee es variations du milieu de sedimentation, dues aux alternances de transgression par les faits suivants: le regression de la mer Tethys sur le bouclier depuis le Cambrien, impliquent la sibilite de bonnes coupures chronologiques des sediments marins et continentaux. —1" la mer Tethys, situee a l'W et au NW", a transgresse a plusieurs reprises sur partie 'evolution et la structure du fosse Wadi Araba-Mer Morte—Jourdain, partie essentielle ou sur l'ensemble du pays; la suite des fosses s'etendant de l'Est Africain aii Nord de la Syrie, peut etre sutvie —2° instabilite de la geosuture Wadi Araba-Jourdain ou zone de distension entre les s le detail grace a la qualite des affleurements; elle eclaire la genese d'autres grandes blocs de Palestine et de Transjordanie; . osutures" du globe. —3° production, par le bouclier arabo-nubien au SE et S, de materiaux d'erosion e present ouvrage repose sur une compilation et tine selection des publications . mecanique et chimique, qui furent deverses sur la plateforme continent.de de cernant la region, ainsi que sur les recherches personnelles faitesparl'auteur au cours Tethys; sur le bouclier, depot de sediments clastiques continentaux a certaines i'inq ans de sejour en Jordanie comme Chef d'une Mission geologique allemande periodes. ' i ^tituee a en vertu d'un accord de cooperation technique et economique clu entre le Royaume de Jordanie et la Republique Fiiderale d'Allemagne. En outre, Au Cambrien inferieur, d'epais conglomerats continentaux et des gres arkosiques i^rand nombre d'observations stratigraphiques et petrographiques inedites et des grossiers egaliserent le relief precambrien dans l'aire de I'Wadi Araba, tandis que dans is cartographiques realises par les membres de la Mission furent utilisees. le S et le SE du pays, des gres sans cortege de conglomerats, se deposaient sur la pene eci explique que bien des nouvelles interpretations du milieu sedimentaire, de plaine. olution structurale et de la paleogeographie soient presentees dans ce volume, Des la fin du Cambrien inferieur jusqu'au Cambrien moyen une premiere trans 'introduction generate reunit quelques donnees importantes sur la population, gression de la Tethys atteignait le bord E de I'Wadi Araba central: sa direction etait heologie, l'histoire, le developpement de la recherche geologique et de l'economie nettement influencee par la geosuture. A l'E et au SE de la limite de la transgression, imale, la morphologie, le climat et la vegetation. Puis suit une introduction geolo- une sedimentation greseuse continentale se poursuivait apparemment dans un grand le, avec presentation des 6 differentes regions du pays. bassin epirogenique, sous un climat essentiellement sec. Apres le Cambrien moyen, )es descriptions detaillees du socle precambrien, de la stratigraphie, des roches une regression se manifeste par des gres continentaux qui dans le N de I'Wadi Araba, nives postalgonkiennes et du style structural sont presentees. II suit une interpre- recouvrent les grfes marins. >n paleogeographique, sur la base des observations precedentes. Enfin, au centre du bord E de I'Wadi Araba, un volcanisme cambrien produit des et expose se resume a ceci: porphyres quartziferes. es roches fortement metamorphisees de I'Wadi Araba sont considerees comme les Au debut de 1'Ordovicien inferieur la Tethys s'avance a nouveau vers le S et le SE et iges de la plus ancienne sedimentation geosynclinale (? Algonkien ancien); les gradueUement, par pulsaUons ou alternances de mouvements transgressits et regressits isions majeures de plutonites dans le Sud Jordanien leur sont posterieures; a leur de pedte ampleur, atteint le SE Jordanien. Pendant le Llanvirn elle envahit lentemciit r, ces plutonites ont ete injectees, au cours de plusieurs phases, par des dykes de l'arrierepays peneplanise, couvre enderement le SE de la Jordanie et une partie des rses natures petrographiques (Algonkien superieur). confins de l'Arabie Seoudite. 192 Resume Resume 193

Pendant l'Ordovicien moyen etsuperieur et jusqu'au Llandovery, la sedimentation a puissante sedimentation. Ils semblent localises sur la suture Wadi Araba-Jourdain greseuse fine et sablo-argileuse de fades littoral et uniquement marin continue. et sur les depressions d'Azraq -Wadi Sirhan et d'El Jafr. Dans les bales et lagunes separeee de la pleine mer se sont deposes localement La periode du Campanien superieur, du Maestrichtien, du Danien et du Paleocene est des carbonates, ainsi que du gypse et du sel gemme, en lits de quelques centimetres caracterisee par un fond marin divise par des seuils tres doux, auxquels etaient lies des d'epaisseur. depots impoftants de phosphorite, lumachelles d'huitres et couches de silex. Les seuils La sedimentation continentale clastique ne reprend qu'au Silurien superieur comme isolaient des bassins a milieu euxinique, oil se formaient d'epais calcaires bitumineux. on pcut 1'observer dans l'angle SE du pays. La topographie sous-marine faite de seuils et de bassins, persiste au Paleocene, et II n'a pas encore etc trouve en Jordanie de sediments devoniens, carbomferes ou pendant la plus grande partie de 1'Eocene. permiens. Selon les comparaisons regionales, les depots de ces epoques semblent bien La surrection et 1'emersion des regions bordant la geosuture Wadi Araba—Jouidain, avoir existe, mais ils auraient etc erodes lors des phases de surrection qui suivirent la commencent apparemment a l'Oligocene, tandis que la.zone du fosse.de vastes parties sedimentation paleozoique. Des restes devoniens, carboniferes et permiens pourraient du N et du'NE Jordanien, ladepressionde Jesreel—Beisan et celle d'Azraq -Wadi Sirhan, etre trouves, en position structural particuliere, dans le NW, le N et le NE du pays, restent couyertes par la mer. ainsi que dans la depression d'El Jafr ou dans I'Wadi Sirhan, sous couverture de series' Le long du fosse Wadi Araba-Jourdain, le depot de produits clastiques grossiers, pro- plus recentes (v. supplement, p. 212). venant des aires voisines soulevees (,,conglomerat svntectoniques") commence a Au Trias, une transgression vers le SE atteignit la partie centrale de la cote E de la l'Oligocene, en meme temps que la tectonique de taphrogenese. Localement, dun. les Mer Morte: des sediments littoraux et lagunaires y furent deposes, tandis que plus a parties centrales du fosse, du sel gemme s'accumule pendant (?) I'Oligo Miocene l'E et au S, sur le continent, predominait 1'erosion. jusqu'au Pliocene. Dans les autres aires, les clastiques grossiers et le sel gemme inau- Apres une regression pendant le Rhetien-Lias, la mer envahit une fois de plus le quent au Tertiaire, et a leur place se trouvent des sediments marno-calcaires, glau- pays au Dogger. Sa „ligne de rivage" s'etendait sensiblement parallele a l'W de la conieux et localement des depots clastiques fins. ligne du rivage triasique; 1'erosion continuaitsur le continent, a l'E et au S. Leslimites Durant le Neogene, les conditions paleogeographiques dans la region du fosse '\Vad» Set SE des transgressions sont encore remarquablement influencees par la direction Araba—Jourdain de-pendent principalement des relations entre la subsidence de tapho- de la geosuture Wadi Araba-Jourdain. Al'W etau NW de la geosuture, les series tria genese et 1'accumulation des sediments. Le fosse ou bien etait occupe par des lacs sique et jurassique sont plus completes, considerablement plus epaisses, et deposees, douce s'ecoulant a l'W vers la Tethys, du bien formait une depression interieure, a partiellement dans des creux du plateau continental mobile. sedimentation terrestre ou lacustre, ou encore etait envahi par la mer dans sa pa"ie. Un nouveau soulevement, impliquant des mouvements epirogeniqiles et 1'erosion, septentrionale. II est possible que pendant quelque temps, au Miocene—Pliocene, la survint probablement au Kimmeridgien, avant le depot du gres Cretace inferieur. Mediterranee ait etc reliee a la Mer Rouge, par les plaines d'Esdrclon et de Beisat;, le Une discordance angulaire regionale separe done ces clastiques des formations pale- couloir du Jourdain et de I'Wadi Araba, et par le golfe d'Aqaba. De toute manicre, la ozoi'ques, triasique et jurassique. Le domaine principalement marin du Cretace infe sedimentation marine du Miocene avait avance vers l'Est par plus de 100km an (Via rieur etait limite au NW du pays, et seuls d'etroits golfes s'etendaient vers l'E et le du fosse Wadi Araba-Jourdain dans la depression de El Azraq—Wadi Sirhan el SE. Une transgression albienne s'etendit jusqu'a l'E du Jourdain. Dans l'E et le SE jusqu'a l'Est de la region basaltique du Jebel ed Drouz. se deposaient des gres continentaux; ils se terminent en biseau dans l'extreme SE de Une phase majeure de taphrogenese survint au Plio-Pleistocene; lataphrogenesi la Jordanie. pleistoce;nique se termina par le volcanismebasaltique du Pleistocene moyen. Pendant Au voisinage du bouclier arabo-nubien du SE, lefades sableux continental duCretace le Villafranchien et l'Acheuleen, des alluvions et du materiel volcamque s'accumulent inferieur se poursuivit pendant le Cretace superieur jusqu'au Santonien y compris. Le en grandes epaisseurs dans la partie septentrionale du sillon, tandis que probablement tacies marin calcaire de mer transgressive, commenca au Cenomanien, et s'etendit pro- depuis le debut du Pleistocene superieur, le „Samra Lake", a eau douce, recou gressivement, en recouvrant le fades sableux avec des formations de plus en plus recen la partie N du sillon. Ce lac se transforma gradueUement en „Lisan-Lake" 'iu- tes. Etce ne fut qu'au Danien que la mer atteignit l'extreme SE de la Jordanie, ainsi matre, qui persista pendant le Pleistocene superieur. Ses de:pots les ,,Lisan Marls" qu'en temoignent des sediments daniens, reposant soit sur une mince couche de gres s'etendent, de 50 km au S de la Mer Morte, vers le N, jusqu'a proximitc du lac de continentaux cretaces superieurs, soit directement sur les gres paleozotques. Tiberiade; ils recouvrent, localement, les coulees basaltiques du Pldstocene moyen. Au debut du Cretace superieur regnait un climat humide-tropical, revele par La reduction du Lisan Lake, par evaporation et par subsidence structurale de Soi une flore bien conservee decouverte dans le SE de la Jordanie. De grandes quantites niveau de base hydrostatique, qui transforma hnalement le Lisan Lake en I'actuelle Mer de silice purent done etre mobilisees dans l'arriere-pays, et transposes dans la Tethys Morte, debute au Pleistocdie superieur seulement. transgressive, oil elles se deposerent sous forme de vastes couches de silex, associees a L'W et le N du pays furent plisses en anticlinaux et synclinaux au Tertiaire moyen. des calcaires et des marnes. Des deformations a grand rayon de courbure se produisirent a la fin du Neogene. Ap Dans les aires recouvertes par la mer se developperent, a cette epoque, des bassins, paremment, le Quaternaire inferieur fut la principale periode de developpement des

13 Bender, Jordanien 194 Resume cassures; celles-ci firent apparaitre de petits horsts et grabens, des blocs bascules et des blocs inclines limites sur un flanc par une flexure. Les aireshautes voisines du fosse Wadi Araba-Jourdain et emergees depuis l'Oligo cene, et une grande partie du N, NE et E de la Jordanie, d'ou la mer ne se retira qu'au Miocene, resterent denudees jusqu'a nos jours. Du materiel d'erosion quater naire fut transporte, soitvers lecouloir du fosse Wadi Araba-Jourdain (Villafranchien, Acheulien, Pleistocene superieur), soit vers les vastes depressions d'Azraq-Wadi Sirhan et El Jafr, dans l'E Jordanien. Ces depressions furent partiellement recouvertes par des lacs d'eau douce et saumatre pendant les periodes pluviales du Pleistocene tandis que les conglomerats fluviatiles de meme age recouvraient de larges aires le long des pentes E des cretes montagneuses bordant a l'E le fosse Wadi Araba-Jourdain. L'interpretation de l'evolution paleogeographique ainsi resumee est suivie d'un Literatur apercu sur les ressources minerales, sur l'hydrogeologie et sur les sols de Jordanie. Abel, M. (1933): Geographic de la Palestine, Etudes bibliquc T. 1.Geographic physique el histon- uue. — Pans (Lccoffre). . Ackroyd, W. (1901): Onthe Grculation ofSalt inusRelauon to(jcologj. . Geol. Mag. 8:445-449, Aharoni^e' (1964): Lkho-Electric Correlation of the Kurnub-Group (Lower Cretaceous) mthe - (1966NorthernOT Negev.and Gas-IsraelProspects J. Earth-Sci.of Kurnub3,2:63-81,Group (LowerJerusalem.Cretaceous; in Southern Israel. - Bull. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. 50, 11:2388 -2403,Tulsa. Albk.oht VC'. F. (1960): The Archaeology of Palestine. - London (Penguin Book,;. Am ^ T D. &M. P.sanj (1965): Gravity and Magnetic Measurements ,n the Red Sea - ,ucm£ Upper Mamie Project, The World Rift System. Report ot Sympos.um; Gcolog. iurvc> ot Canada AKoXfrrrOB^^^ogical Rcporr of Pa.estme. - American Expedition under l.^cn, Andrew'RT1936/37): On the Nubian of the Eastern Desert of Egypt. - Bull. Inst. d'Egypte Anke?' Oir(W Grundzuge der Landesnatur des Wcstjordanlandcs. Entwurf eincr Monographic Reference to that of the Lake of Tiberias. - journ. ol the Asiatic Soc. ot Bengal 11. 10 11. AaA—^^Titanoptcry* Philadc.phiae „o, gen. nov. ,p P.erosaunen> Geanr. - Notes

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Israel 5 B, Jerusalem. — (196Ja)' Placenticeratid ammonite (ammomtiua: hoplilacea: placelltutratiilae) from the Campanian Sediments'in Israel. - Nature 199, 4892: 478-479, London. phosphate limestone ofPalestine. —Bull. Res. Counc. Israel 10 G, 1/4: 10—13, Jerusalem. - (1963b): Some Unusual Minerals from the ..Mottled Zone" Complex, Israel. —American Minerals —(1961b): Occurrence of the echinoid genus Anorthupypis (echitioiilea trregularta: hulutypidae) in the uist 48: 924 —930, Mcnasha, Wise. - • ,,,'i Cenomanian of Palestine. — Bull. Res. Counc. Israel 10G, 1/4: 14—17, Jerusalem. Bentor YK& A. Vroma.n (1954): A Structural Contour Map of Israel 1:2^0000 with Remarks Avnimelech, M. &H. Steinitz (1951): OnFish-Remains inthe Continental Neogene ofthe Jordan on its Dynamical Interpretation. - Bull. Res. Counc Israel 4,2: 125 -13s Jerusalem. , Valley (Israel). —Eclog. geol. Flelv. 44, 2 :443—447, Basel. - (1957): The Geological Map of Israel, 1: 100000, Sheet: Arava Valley. Geol. 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Counc. Israel 10 G, 1—4: 292—302, Jerusalem. Vautrin, H. (1934): Contribution a I'etude de la serie jurassique dans la chainc de I'Anti-I ibm et plus Slatkine, A. & U. Wurzburger (1957): Eruptive rocks of Timna (Negev). - Geol. Survey of Israel particuliercment dans l'Hcrmon (Syrie). — C. R. Acad. Sci. France 198: 1438 Puis 14, Jerusalem. V.ta-Finzi, C. (1964): Observations onthe late Quaternary ofJordan. - Palestine Exploration Quantity Sornay, J. (1959): Gisement dcs Phosphates Maestrichtiens de Roseifa (Jordanie), Cephalopodes. — 19—33, London. Notes et Memoires sur le Moyen-Orient 7: 221—222, Museum Nat. d'Hisr. Natur., Paris. Vries, H. L. de & G. W. Barendsen (1954): Measurements of Age by ihe Catbon-14 Tcchniauc - Staesche, U. (1964): Conodonten aus dem Skyth von Sudtirol. — N. lb. Geol. Palaont Abh 119- Nature 174,4442: 1138 -1141, London. ," '' 247-306, Stuttgart. Vroman, A. J. (1944): The petrology of the sandv sediments of Palestine. —Bull Geol Den Hebrew Steineke, M„ R. Bramkamp& N. J. Sander (1958): Stratigraphie relations of Arabian Jurassic oil — Univ. 5, 1: 1—11, Jerusalem. Habitat of Oil: 1294—1329, Tulsa. - (1961): On rhe Red Sea Rift Problem. —Bull. Res. Counc. Israel. 10 G, 1—4: 321-338, Jerusalem. Stekelis, M. (1956): Theimplementiferous beds of theJordan Valley. —IV. Congr. Internat. Ciencias Prehist. Protohist. Cronica, Madrid. — (1960): The Paleolithic deposits of Jisr Banat Yaqub. — Bull. Res. Counc. Israel 9 G: 61—87, Wade, A. (1921): Oil Prospects in Palestine. —Oil News June 1921: 584 —586 Jerusalem. Wagner, G. (1934a): DeutschcrMuschelkalk amTotenMeer. —Natur u. Volk64 — (1963): Recent discoveries intheJordan Valley, —South African Jour. Sci. 59: 77—80, Cape Town'. 1:449-454, Frank- Stekelis, M, L. Picard, N. Schulman & G.Haas (1960): Villafranchian Deposits near Ubeidiya — (1934 b): Vom Jordangrabcn. Landschaftsbilder cincs Grabcnbruchcs im Trockcnecbict in the Central Jordan Valley (Preliminary Report). — Bull. Res. Counc. Israel 9 G: 175—184, Hcimat, 1934: 193-204, Ohringen. Aus del Jerusalem. Waldman, L. (1926): Petrographische Bcschrcibung der von L. Koblr im nordlichen ilcdschas und Steuernagel, D. C. (1925): Der 'Adschlun. —Z. deutsch. Paiast. Ver. 48: 1—144, 201 —393, Leipzig. im laurus gesammelren Gesteine. — Sitzungsber. Akad. \\ iss. Wien, Math. nat. Kl \bi 1 Stubel, A. (1900): Les volcans de i'Emador (Examcn comparatif de deux autres regions: Le Torullo 135: 137, Wien. , et le Dirct et Touloul avec le Hauran). — Bull. Soc. Geol. Beige 14: 51—81, Briissel. Walter, H. (1955): Die Klimadiagramme als Mittei zur Bcurtcilung fut okollogl; StURM, E. (1953): Possible Origins of Manganese Ore in the Negev. — Bull. Res Counc Israel 3- :, vegctations- kundliche und landwirtschaftliche Zwecke. -- Berichte der deutsch. Bonn G, 68: 331-344. 177—191, Jerusalem. Stuttgart. Sudbury, M. (1957): Dlplugraptusspimihsiir sp. nov., from the Ordbvician of Syria - Geol. Mag. 94, — (1956/57): Klimadiagramme als Grundlage zur Fesistellung von Durrczci.cn. W. sscr und N.ih- 6: 503-505, London. rung 1. Suess, E. (1891): Die Briiche des ostlichen Afrika. •Denksehr. math.-phys. Kl. d. k. Akad. d. Wissensch. Walther, J. (1888): Ergcbmsse einer Forschuhgsreisc auf der Sinaihalbinscl \ crhandl. d. Ges 58, Wien. Erdkundc 15: 224—255, Berlin. — (1901): Das Anrlitz der Erde. — HI/1, Prag, Wien, Leipzig; —(1909) III/2, Wien, Leipzig. /2, Wien, Leipzig. — (1890): Uber eine Kohlcnkalkfauna aus der agyptisch-arabischcn Wiiste. —Z deutsch al. G, Swartz, D. H. & D. D. Arden (1960): Geologic History of rhe Dead Seaarea.rea. — BullBull. AmerAmer. AssocAssoc. 42:419—149, Berlin. Petrol. Geol. 44, 10: 1621-1637, Tulsa, Okl. Weber, H. (1963): Ergebnisse erdblgeologischcr AufschluBarbciten der DEA in N dost*Syrien. Swolfs, H. C. A. (1958): Provisional study of oil possibilities. Unveroff. Bericht fur die Erdbl & Kohle, Erdol, Petrochemic 16:669-682,Hamburg. Zimeri Jordanian Oil Co., Arch. Ministry of Nation. Econ., Amman Wellings, F. E. in B. Willis (1938): Wellings'Observations of Dead Sea Structure —Bull Geol Soc. Amer. 49: 659—668, New York. — (1954): Middle East Oil Sources and Reserves. —The Institute of Petroleum, London Taubenhaus, H. (1920): Die Ammonecn der Kreideformation Palastinas und Syriens — Z deutsch Wetzel,R. (1947): Stratigraphie Sections ofJordan Valley and Dead Sea, Pt.I. —' Umcroif Bcr Petrol Pal. Ver. 43: 1—57, Leipzig. Dev. (Transjbrdan) Lid., Arch. Natural Rcsourc. Authority, Amman Tate, R. (1871): On the Age of the Nubian Sandstone. — Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. 27: 404 406, Wetzel, R. & D. M. Morton (1959): Contribution a la Geologie de la Transjordamc — Notes ei London. Memoires sur le Moyen-Onenr. Publiecs sous ladirection deM. L.DuBERTRi.r. Contributions a la Tazieff, H. (1952): Une recenre campagne oceanographique en Mer Rouge (note preliminaire) Geologie dela Peninsule Arabicjue 7: 95—188, Museum Nat. d'Hist. Natur., Paris. Bull. Soc. Geol. Beige 61, 1, Briissel. Wetzstlin (1859): Reise in die beiden Trachonen und das Haurangebirge. — Z f alltr Erdkundc- Teixeira, C. (1948): Flora mesozoica portuguesa I, Lissabon. 109—208, Berlin. * ciuaunuc. — (1950): Flora mesozoica portuguesa II, Lissabon. ' Wiesemann, G. (1964): Special Report on theApatite Occurrences Wcsr of Suweilih. - Unvcroif Iter ToblEr, M. T. (1867): Bibliographic geographique de la Palestine, —Leipzig. deutsch. geol. Mission Jordanien, Arch. Bundesanst. f. Bodenforsch., Hannover Tristram, H. B. (1872): Land of Israel. — 2nd edit., London. Wiesemann, G. (1966a): TheGeological and i lydrogcological Survey in.heArea between Ma'an-Ras en — (1873): Land of Moab. — London. Naqb and El Jafr —Mushayisch Kabid (Central Jordan). —Unveroff. Bcr. deutsch geol Mission Troger, W. (1935): Spezielle Petrographie der Eruptivgesteine. — Berlin (Deutsche Mineral. Ges.). in Jordanien, Arch. Bundesanst. f. Bodcnforsch., Hannover. Tromp, S.W. (1941): Preliminary compilation ofthestratigraphy, structural features andoilpossibilities - (1966b): Maanderformige Rohren von Clomerula Nielsen 1931 (I'olyclucta seditttaria) - Wuchs- of South Pastern Turkey. — „Meteae", Publ. Min. Res. Inst. Turkey 4, 1—34, Ankara. tormen oder okologische Konvergcuzcn? — Mitt. Geol. Slaatsinst. Hamburg 35: 151 -160 — (1949): Block folding phenomena intheMiddle East. —Geol. en Mijnb. 11,9: 273—278, DenHaag. Hamburg. — (1950): The age and origin of the Red Sea Graben.— Geol. Mag. 87: 385—392, London. Wiesemann, G. & A. Abdullatif (1963): Geology of the Varmuk Area, North Jordan —Unveroff' — (1953): TheGeologic History ofEgypt andoftheRed Sea inparticular. — Bull. Geol. Soc. Turkey Ber. deutsch. geol. Mission Jordanien, Arch. Bundcsansr. f. Bodenforsch., Hannover. 3, Ankara. W.llimott, S. G.,D. N. Gilchrist Shirlow, R. A. Smith & B. P. Birch (1963): The Wadi El II Tschopp, H. J. & G. Wiener (1958): The occurrence of gas in the Beeri-Saadarea —Bull Ver Schweizer Survey, Jordan. —Unveroff. Bericht furdieJordan. Rcgierung; D.ept. ot Geography, University of Petr. Geol. u. Lng. 24, 67: 27—32, Riehen/Basel. Durham. u.s. geological survey & aramco (1963): Geological Map of the Arabian Peninsula: 1:2000000. Willimott, S. G, B. P. Birch, K. Atkinson & R. F. McKee (1964): The Quatrana and Sultani Dan Washington, D. C. 1roject. Interim Reporr. —Unveroff. Bcr. fur die Jordan. Reg., Arch. Ministry ofAgriculture Amm ,i I Willis, B. (1928a): Dead Sea Problem —Rift Valley or Ramp Valley? (abstract). —Bull Geol Soc' Am. 39: 152—153, New. York. ' Vaumas,E., de (1947):La fracture Syrienneet le fosse Palestinien. —Rev.biblique54:370—387, Paris. - (1928b): Earthquakes in the Holy Land. —Bull. Seis.nolog. Soc. Amer. 18:73—100 Baltimore — (1950): La Structure du Proche-Orient. — Bull. Soc. Roy. Geogr. d'Egypte 23: 265 —320,Kairo. - (1936): East African Plateaus and Rift Valleys. —Studies in Compefativc Seismology Carnegie — (1965): Phenomenes cryogeniques en Israel. —Rev. Geogr. phys. Geol.dyn. 2, 7, fasc. 4: 295—309 Institute 470, Washington. ' '. ' 6 Paris. - (1938): Wellings' Observations of Dead Sea struciurc. —Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer 49: 659—668 New York. 1^ Literatur \\illox, W. A (1954): Investigation of Mineral Deposits in the Hashemite Kingdom of lordan - Unveroff Ber. Mackay &Schnellmann Consulting Economic Geologists LonckT A'LArNe'a-.ter fA XCF ngfoiUn'on•H-nW°Zabr-(1,54):Geodesique^et Geophysique^ Internationale:of Wat« O-uring170-178.in rheRom.Jordan ValleyY Res.' CouncFIsTef8):G! 1: 5?-~rls°aiem S'" ^ "*'' ^"^"^ ^ ~ BuU- '%T221-iV5iCs!tng"irS &*' ******* (m3): Bdtra8e 2Ut Tekt°nik Arabiens- - GeoK Rdsch- '^ii.^^^^„^Hlia*e^ dcS I'^-D,striktes (Nord-Jordanien). I. i/AB, D. H. E•Bradley ck K. A. Kawar (1960): Summary and Evaluation of Hydrogeologic Data wawaterertctionSection, DevelopmentdT I ^tBoard,**, E^lo^yAmman. Dril,i"S "» 118 B°-- " Unveroff. Ber. Ground- 'i'i ' i ,ede, L. (1866/67): Uber das Todre Meer. - Berlin (Sittenfeld) . . i,f.i LLondonK'N' ^^ The Geolo«>' of Jebel Usdum, Dead Sea. - Geol. Mag. 68: 366-372, "c^ffi^SS jlusaaieemKinner£th ^ ^ ****** »** ^ T ~ Bul'' *~ Nachtrag RON F. &M Heitner (1952): The Chloride-Bromide Ratio ofthe Water Sources ofEastern Emek Yezreel and of the Be.san Valley. - Bull. Res. Counc. Israel 2: 118-120, Jerusalem Untersuchungsergebhisse und Literaturhinweise, die wahrend der Herstellung des Buches bekannt wurden. '. ^HawK^Sji2£tafpMovements A,ong Thc Dead'Sea Rift- -Isracl Joumal Z* Set/* 58 ~~~ Vvs, £_UsU edx+icm, ^aA 1>v£>,

Apiculatisporites baccatus Lycosporagranulata Calamospora pallida Lycosporanoctuitia Cyclogranisporites aureus Lycospora pellucida , Cyclogranisporites cf. leopoldi Lycospora punctata Cranulatisporites sp. Lycospora pusilla LMotriletes adnatus Planisporites spinulistratus

•'•TV1' -V ?«-••"• I" "•im.i.j.w 214 Nachtrag

Procoronaspora ambigua Densosporites parvus Punctatisporites sp. Lophotriletes sp. Tripartitesvetustus Lycospora brevijuga Apiculatisporitesglobulus Microreticulatisporites concavus Cyclogranisporites leopoldi Punctatisporites nitidus,

Namur A— oberes Vise

Apiculatisporites sp. Microreticulatisporites sp. Crassispora ovalis Planisporites spinulistratus Endosporites micromanijestus Punctatisporites cf. pseuilolcvatus Endosporites sp. Cyclogranisporites sp, Leiotrilites sp. Gramdatisporites microrugosus Lycospora brevijuga Cranulatisporites parvus Lycospora noctuina Lycospora granulata lycospora pellucida Lycospora uber Lycospora punctata Waltyspora albertensis Staplin Lycosporapusilla

Bildtafeln X* Seite 90 \j^ ZiAfi \XjM f5 Slakes te/lo , Nach Untersuchungen K. Madlers (Niedersachs. Landesamt f. Bodenforsch., Hannover) wahrend des Druckes dieses Bandes fandea sich in dieser 150 m machtigen Schichtenfolge ferner folgende Characeen: Croftiella escheri (Al.Braun) Horn aff. Rantzien, Tectochara meriani (Al. Braun) Grambast, Grambastichara conica (Madler) Horn aff. Rantzien. Nach K. Madler haben diese Characeen in Europa ihre Haupt- verbreitung imOberoligozan. Die Cichlidae deuten darauf hin, dafi die hier besprochenen Fundschichten noch in das Miozan reichen kcinnen.

Avnimelech, M. A. (1965): Bibliography of Levant Geology. - Israel Program for Scientific Transla tions, Jerusalem. DEUTSCHE GEOLOG. mission der Bundesanst. f. Bodenforsch. (1968): Geolog. Karte von Jordanien 1:250 000, 5 Kartenblattcr: Amman, El Azraq, Mahattat el Jufur, Aqaba-Ma'an, Bayir. —Heraus- geg. von der Bundesanst. f. Bodenforsch., Hannover (im Druck 1968). Huckriedl, R. (1967): Archaeouectrisbenderin.gen.n.sp., (Hydrozoa), eine Chondrophore von derWende Ordovicium/Silurium aus Jordanien. —Geologica et Palaeontologica 1: 101 —109, Marburg. Neev, D. & K. O. Emery (1967): The Dead Sea, Depositional Processes and Environments of Eva- porites. — Geol. Surv. Israel 41, Jerusalem. olexcon international Ltd. (Dez. 1967):Micropaleontology, Palynology, Stratigraphyand Oil Source Rock Identification, Various Wells and Sections. —Unveroff. Ber. fur natural res. authority, Amman; Den Haag (Holland).

Berichtigung %u Seite 80, Abb. 85

4. Fossilname von oben G. pentacamerata Subbotinia statt Subbotina 5. Fossilname von oben G. pseudotopilensis (Subbotinia) statt pseudopilensis (Subbotina) Englischer Abbildungstext vorletzte Zeile Fed. Rep. of Germany statt Red. Rep. i i i

14 Bender, Jordanien

PB.J" 'i.._. in i.mini Ull INI »»mi. IIHJUIP-W"; .iM.i. ippa limn imii I, I,. '/,. 'J-',,; .*•!,'•.' ': '•• ,.' -i—-—r

ii 1 I

Abb. 3

; i ' Abb. 3.* Vulkanreihe (Spaltenergiisse) und Basaltdecken; durch Insolation zerfallener und durch Windschliff kantengerundetcr Basalt. Rund 200 km E Amman und 50 km SSW der Erdolpumpstation H-4 Fig. 3. Volcanoes (fissure effusions) and basalt flows; the basalt is cracked by insolation and subangularly shaped by wind corrasion. Approx. 200 km E of Amman and 50 km SSW ol" the oil-pumpstaton H-4

Abb. 4.** Wadis und langgcstrcckte Regenpfannen, tcktonischen Leitlinicn in Tertiarkalken folgend. Rund 250 km ENE Mafraq, nordlich der Baghdad-Strafie. (Luftbild ca. 1 : 84 000) Fig. 4. Wadis and elongated mud flats, following the structural pattern in Tertiary limestones: Approx. 250 km ENE Mafraq, N of the.road to Baghdad. (Aerial photo, approx. 1 : 84 000)

* Alle Fotos vom Verfasser, falls nicht andcrs angegeben. ** Alle Luftbildcr: hunting aerosurvey 1953; mit freundlichcr Genehmigung der jordanischen Uegicrung. Abb. 4 i • i 14*

i '•,'

•^PS*Wi*jG!*f*!W|»*w«iw "^"""." •••'•-••>•• "•»-y: • .ii.i j jiumnijwupj.. i ii, i iiuwmwmn -wmw»mum ^..w,-^,,ii.if,i t.aummuvm 'MW.. virm'mmi* •'imm^mm:mL%immummmmmMmt'tmrm!M» m tm. immmmmmm Abb. 5. Oase Azraq, rund 90 km E Amman Fig. 5. Oasis of Azraq, approx. 90 km E of Amman Abb. 7. Durch Insolation scharfkantig zerfallcner Hornstein auf Ausblasungsflachen 3i Qasr Kharana; „Fcucrstein\vuste" (arab. „PIamada") Fig 7. Desert pavement of chert deflation residue, sharp edgely disintegrated by ins- Deflation plains 30 km SofQasr Kharana; flint strewn desert (..Harnada )

Abb. 6. Zeugcnbcrg Tuwalyll csh Shihaq /-, ^ > '—. im Vorland einer Steilstufe im zentralen \r jf Wustcngebict Ostjordanicns, 30 km H El £ - JT "X X AA t. Hasa; Mergel, Kalke und Plornstcine des >-* >~;. y ~y a. j f - ' Maastricht, Dan und Paleozan CAj > -{A•-<- , Fig. 6. Outlier Tuwalyll csh Shihaq, an erosional remnant in front of a tableland- scarp in the central desert of East Jordan, 30 km E of El Flasa; marls, limestones Abb. 8. Rcgenpfanne im zentralen Teil der Depression von El Jafr, im Vordergrun and of Maestrichtian, Danian and fizicrtes Kanxl Paleocene age Fig. 8. Mud flat in the central part of the El Jafr depression; foreground: Mummiri Abb 9. Bcrgland von Tubeiq westlich Kilwa: Inselbcrglandschaft im Schutt der arid wttterung (Rcifcstadium des aridcn Zyklus); silurische Sandsteine mariner Fazies Fig 9 Mountainous desert Wof Kilwa; Inselberg landscape in the debris ofarid wca (mature stage ofthe arid cycle); Silurian sandstones ofmarine depositional enviroium

Abb. 10. Bcrgland von Tubeiq, 28 km NW Kilwa. Schmale Bergleisten" aus silurisch. steinen, Hartlingc im Vcrlauf tektonischer Storungszoncn (Luftbild ca. 1: 77 OUU) Fig. H)! Mountainous desert approx. 28 km NW of Kilwa. Long, narrow torso, mom, Silurian sandstones, monadnocks along fault zones (aerial photo, approx. 1:7/ OUU)

Abb 11 Steilstufe von Ras en Naqb im Schnee (Januar 1964). Blick nach SE in das 1 von Ram. Cenoman-Kalke (links im Bild, obcrstc Schichtstufe), Unterkrcide-Sandsteu lerer Teil der Steilstufe), untcrordovizische Sandsteine (unterer, dunkler Tell der Steil Fig 11. Escarpment ofRas en Naqb with snow (January 1964), view towards SE to th, tains of Ram. Cenomanian limestones (left, upper part of the cuesta), lower Cretace., stones (middle part), lower Ordovician sandstones (lower, dark portion ot the cuesta

Abb. 9

Abb. 11 Abb. 10 Abb. 15. Das zum Toten Meer entwasscrnde Wadi Mujib (Bildmitte, von links nach rechts, Westen). Knauernkalke des Ceno- man (unteres Drittcl des Gegenhanges), untere Echinoidenkalke ties Cenoman, Sand- kalkstufe dcs Turon-Santon, Kieselkalke des Campan und Phosphoritstufe des Campan- Maastricht, ubcrlagcit von pleistozanen Basaltdecken (Plateau, Bildhintergrund) Fig. 15. Wadi Mujib, draining towards the Dead Sea (center of picture, from left to right, West). Ccnomanian nodular limestone Abb. 12. Kambrische Sandsteine uber cingccbnetem Aplitgranit am N-Ende des Wadi Ram unit (lower third of the opposite scarp), Fig. 12. Cambrian sandstones above peneplained aplite-granite, Northern end of Wadi Ram lower cchinoid limestone ofthe Ccnomanian, sandy limestone unit of the Santonian- Turonian, silicified limestones of the Cam- panian, and phosphorite unit of the Maes- trichtian, covered by a Pleistocene basalt flow (plateau, background of picture)

Abb. 16. Halbinsel l.isan im Toten Meer, von E geschen.Tm Vordcrgrtind Haup Oberkreidekalken Fig. 16. Peninsula l.isan in thc Dead Sea, view from E. In the foreground main Ilcxtm Abb. 13. Granit-Grundgebirge am Wadi Yutm an der Strafie nach Aqaba Cretaceous limestones Fig. 13. Granite basement complex at Wadi Yutm close to the road to Aqaba Abb. 17. Jordantal („E1 Ghor") nordostlich von Jericho. Limnischc „Lisan Mergel" des Ober AM, 27 Hornblendegabbro und Hornblendit mit Quarzgangen am unteren S\\ pleistozans, bewasserte Jordan-Talaue („E1 Zhor") TiW" TureiirMassivs am Wad, Araba-Ostrand, rund 16 km SSW von Ghar.md.,1 Fig. 17. Jordan valley („E1 Ghor") NE of Jericho^ Lacustrine „Lisan Marls" of the Upper Pic 27 Hornblende-gabbro and hornblendite with quartz dikes; lower slopes . Pleistocene, irrigated Jordan valley floor ("El Zhor") Vureibi'n mountains, East-side of the Southern Wadi Araba, approx. 16 km SSW ol

Abb. 18. Wadi Kilt WJericho, Cenoman- und Turon-Kalke und Mergel Abb 28 Gneis im Wadi Darba, 5km SE der Polizeistatiun Darba (rund 40 km N Fig. 18. Wadi Kilt Wof Jericho, Ccnomanian and Turonian limestones and marls Fig. 28. Gneiss in the Wadi Darba, 5km SE of the police station Darba (approx. Aqaba)

mmmm Abb. 30. Aplitgranit und Granodiorit mit Gncis-Schollen undGanggesteinen; rund 28 Aqaba, als isolierte Hiigel aus den Schuttfachern am Ostrand des Wadi Araba herau- Fig. 30. Aplite-granite and grano-diorite with inclusions of gneiss and with dike rock 28 km NNE of Aqaba, isolated hills surrounded by alluvial fans, at the East-side ol Araba

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Abb. 32. Schollen von Biotit-Hornblen- degneis in pegmatitischem Aplitgranit. Abb. 29. Basische, intermediate und saure Ganggesteine im liiotit-Aplitgranit Unteres Wadi Abu Barqa am mittleren vom Jebel Urn Jurfan (1361 m), rund 12 km SW Quwcira, Sudjordanien (Luft Wadi Araba-Ostrand bild, ca. 1 : 32 000) Fig. 32. Blocks of biotite-hornblende- Fig. 29. Basic, intermediate and acid dikerocks in thebiotite aplite-granite of thc gneiss in pegmatitic aplite-granite; lower Jebel Um Jurfan (1361 m ab. s. 1.), approx. 12km SWof Quwcira, South-Jordan Wadi Abu Barqa, East side of the central (aerial photo, approx. 1 : 32 000) Wadi Araba Abb. 33. Injizierter Biotit-Gneis (Aplit granit und Pegmatitgang mit Salband); unteres Wadi Abu Barqa Abb. 35. Saramuj-Konglomeratc (pra) mit winkeldiskordant aufliegenden kambrischcn S Fig. 33. Ptygmatic injection of aplite- stcinen (cbj), ca. 3 km SSE Ghor Numcira am stidlichen Ostrand des Toten Meeres granite in biotitc-gneiss, pegmatite dike Fig. 35. Saramuj-conglomcrates (pra), overlain by Cambrian sandstones (cb,) with an am with salband; lower Wadi Abu Barqa unconformity. Approx. 3 km SSE Ghor Numcira near the SE shore of the Dead Sea l'L3M^>rrSkambrr-ifChe (,?),USr 7am,brisch<; Qnarzporphyre und prakambrische Granite rund ,chE VO" haranda1' Bllck Ubcr pWttOZane Aufschottcrungsterrassen im Wadi Araba Abb. 37. Quarzporphyr mit lagigerFlielkexturaus einemLagerganginnerhalb der Tonschi i 34nikif:C~a!1,brian

500 1000 m i_ L_ I nach nicht eniierrtem Luftbild) bb. 41. Geologische Karte vom Gebict rund 15 km WSW Quweira, Siidjordanicn. Boden- Abb 42 Kambrische Sandsteine (gebankte Arkose-Sandstcine und massige, braun ,ntrolle und geologische Auswertung nach nebenstehendem Luftbild witternde Sandstcinc) diskordant iiber dem Grundgebirgssockel aus Qiiarzdioi-it mit I. g. 41. Geological map of the area approx. 15 km WSW of Quweira, South Jordan. Ground porphyr-, PUgiophyr- und Basaltgiingen. Rund 15 km WSW Quweira, Siid|ordanien (l.u: •ntrol and geological interpretation of the aerial photo on opposite page Fig 42 Cambrian sandstones (bedded arkose sandstones, and massive, bro weathered sandstones) unconformably resting onthepre-Cambrian basement complex ol , Wadi- Ablagerungen dioritc withnumerous dikes of quartzporphyry, plagiophyre and diabase. Approx. 15 km Quartar Sfbrung, beobachiet Terrassen - Schotter of Quwcira, South-Jordan (aerial photo) / Storung, vermutet Massige, braun i/er- / witlernde Sandsteine Unter- \ Wadi Gebankte Kambrium Arkose - Sandsteine 1H7 ungefahre Hbhen iiber NN Ganggesteine Prakambrium 15 Bender, Jorda Quarzdiorit Abb. 45. Farbbandcrung und Schriig- schichtung in den unteikambiischen ge- bankten Arkosc-Sandstcincn im siid- bb. 43. Unterste basale Konglomerate (Unterkambrium) mit grobem, eckigem Granitschutt westlichen Wadi Abu Khusheiba-Gebiet, nmittelbar iiber dem granitischen Grundgebirge; rund 3 km NE von Feinan, im unteren zentrales Wadi Araba. (Foto Lilxicii) adi Dana Fig. 45. Colour banding and crossbed- ding in the lower Cambrian bedded ar ig. 43. Lowest portion of the basal conglomerates with coarse angular granite debris, resting kose sandstones; in the SW of the Wadi rectly on top of the granitic basement; approx. 3 km NE of Feinan, in the lower Wadi Dana Abu Khusheiba area, East side of thc central Wadi Araba (photo I.ili.ici.)

bb. 44. Unterkambrischc gebankte Arkose-Sandsteine iiber prakambrischen Aplitgranitcn. Abb. 49. Farbbandcrung qucr zur Schichtung im obcrcn Tcil der massigen, braun vcrwin und 7 km N der Polizeistation Ram, Siidjordanien Sandsteine (Kambrium) von Petra ig. 44. Lower Cambrian bedded arkose sandstones resting on pre-Cambrian aplite-granitcs; Fig. 49. Colour banding across bedding in the upper portion of the massive, brownish \\e iprox. 7 km N of police station Ram in South Jordan sandstones (Cambrian) of Petra

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15* Abb. 51. Eckige Quarzporphyr-Stiicke, wahrscheinlich vulkanische Auswtirflinge, in den Abb. 54. Steinsalzpseudomorphoscnaus dem untcren Teil (Tonsteine) der hochunterkan untcren weiBen Feinsandstcinen; Wadi Abu Khusheiba-Gebiet, 5 km S der Nabatiiischen bis mittelkambrischen Dolomit-Kalk-Tonstcinfolge vom Wadi Khuneizira am n, Mine" Wadi Araba-Ostrand Fig. 51. Angular pieces of quartzporphyry, probably volcanic ejecta, in thc lower part of the Fig. 54. Rocksalt pscudomorphosis in shalesfrom the lower portion (shales) ot the > white finesandstones; 5 km S of the "Nabataean Mine", Wadi Abu Khusheiba-area limcstone-shale-unit (upper Lower to Middle Cambrian); Wadi Khuneizira, East si, northern Wadi Araba

Abb. 52. (?) „Skolithus"-Reste in den oberen weiBen Feinsandstcinen vom Wadi Musa, rund 5 km SE Bir Madhkur, Wadi Araba Abb. 55. Massige, weifi verwitterndc Sand steine (Unterordovi/.ium) mit runden Ver- Fig. 52. Remnants of ,,Skolithus" (r1), in the upper part of the white finesandstones, approx. witterungsformen am Siidende der Regcn- 5 km SE of Bir Madhkur, Wadi Araba pfanne von Q8 Disa, Siidjordanicn Fig. 55. Roundish weathering shapes ot the massive whitish weathered sandstones (lower Ordovician) of Qa Disa area, South »iMSwr Jordan

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v.-ii*: ''^r» AA™jiJ^- Abb. 62. Feinsandige Tonsteine und Fein- sandstcine mit bis 5 cm machtigen Stcin- salzlagen in den Conularien-Sandstcinen (Oberordovizium bis Untcrsilur). Rund 14 km WNW Mudawwara Fig. 62. Finesandy shales and finesand ,b. 59. Untere Sabellariiex-Sandstcine (Mittelordovizium) S der Regenpfanne von Sahl el stones with rock salt layers (up to 5 cm), trim, Siidjordanicn in thc upper Ordovician lo lower Silurian r. 59. Lower portion of the sabellarifex sandstones (middle Ordovician), S of the mud flat conulariasandstones,approx. 14km WNW hi el Karim, South Jordan of Mudawwara

bb. 61. Stufenberge der oberordovizisch- bis untersilurischen Conularien-Sandsteinc rund i km NW Mudawwara, Blick nach E Abb 64 Nautiloidceii^ndsieine (tint. Silur), rund 30 km ENE Mudawwara, Sud,,,, l;. 61. Tabic mountain-outliers formed of resistent strata within the upper Ordovician to Fig. 64. Nautiloidea sandstones (low. Silur.), approx. 30 km ENE ot Mudawwara, wer Silurian conularia sandstones; approx. 15 km NW of Mudawwara, facing E lordan

mm • Abb. 68. 40 • einfallcndc, gelbbraune, toni- ge Fcinsandsteine der Trias (Skyth) und auflagernde, wciBc Grobsandsteinc der Untcrkreidc (hcllc Hank links im Bild); Wadi Zerqa Ma'in, 0,5 km W des Basalt- schlotcs im Wadi Zerqa Ma'in-Tal Fig. 68. 40° dipping yellow-brownish, ar gillaceous finesandstones of the Triassic . (Skythian), and overlaying white, coarse- sandstones of thc lower Cretaceous (light- Abb. 65. Die Stufe der rotbraunen tonigen Sandstcinc (Silur), am Ostrand der Regenpfanne grey stratum left in picture); Wadi Zerqa Qa Abu Trifaya, 135 km ENE Mudawwara, Sudostjordanien Ma'in, 0,5 km W of thc basalt vent in the Fig. 65. The rock unit of the redbrown, argillaceous sandstones (Silurian), at the East side of valley of Wadi Zerqa Ma'in the mud flat Qa Abu Trifaya, 135 km ENE of Mudawwara, Southeast-Jordan

Abb. 66. „Wurmbauten-Sandsteine" (oberes Silur), 7 km W der Ruinen von Kilwa, Sudost Abb. 69. Wcchsellagerung von Terebratel- jordanien kalken, Wellenkalkcn, und dickbankigen Fig. 66. "Worm burrows sandstones" (upper Silurian), 7 km Wof the ruins of Kilwa, South Kalken (..Muschclkalk"), Wadi Saiyala, rund 4 km S Shagut (NE-Seite vom Toten east-Jordan Meer) Fig. 69. Alternating tcrebratula-limestones, nodular limestones, and thickbedded lime stones („Muschclkalk"); Wadi Saiyala, approx. 4 km Sof Shagur (NEofthe Dead Sea) ,-v. * jMHtBH

Abb. 70. Kalkc des Bathonien (untercr Hang), Sandsteine der Unterkreide (mitt- lerer Hang) und Kalkc, Krcidekalke und Mergel des Cenoman bis Turon; S-Hang des Zerqa-Tales, rund 0,3 km W der Briicke iiber den Zerqa-FluB, alte StraBe Suwcilih—Jerash Fig. 70. Limestones of thc Bathonian (lower part of opposite mountain slope), sandstones ofthe lower Cretaceous (middle part of thc slope), and limestones, and marls of thc Cenomanian-Turonian; S-slope of the Zerqa-vallcy, 0,3 km W of Abb. 74. Massige, wcilic Sandstcinc der Unterkreide, in Bildmitte ubcrgehciid in die the bridge, old road Suwcilih—Jerash Sandstcinc der hoheren I'nterkreide unteres Cenoman; rund 2 km WNW der Ortschai Musa Fig. 74. Massive, while sandstones of the lower Cretaceous, in center ot picture tra into the variegated sandstones of the upper part of the lower Cretaceous lower (leno.i approx. 2 km WNW ol the village Wadi Musa

Abb. 71. Konglomerate (Hammer in Bild- Abb. 75. Bunte Sandsteine (Unterkreide unteres Cenoman) und die Stutc der knauci mitte) und dickbankige, miirbe Sandsteine (Cenoman) im Storungskontakt (Bildmitte) mit kambrischcn und ordovizischcn Sand der Unterkreide, diskordant iiber Kalk- (rectus im Bild); rund 3,5 km ELSE Gharandal sandsteinen, Kalken und Mergeln des Fig. 75. Variegated sandstones (lower Cretaceous Ccnomanian) and the nodular limesto Dogger; Einschnitt der Arda'a-StraBe, (Ccnomanian) in fault contact (center of picture) with Cambrian and Ordovician sand etwa 0,4 km W Ain Khuneizir (right part of picture); approx. 3,5 km ESE of Gharandal, East side of central Wadi Ar Fig. 71. Conglomerates (hammer in center of picture) and thickbedded, soft sand BHHHHHHBHHHHHflM&' stones of the lower Cretaceous unconform- ably overlying sandy limestones and marls of the Dogger (Bathonian); Arda'a road, approx. 0,4 km W of Ain Khuneizir

m9 h '•4" "5'-V Vr*sj*L«'» ..if--J!«ii't8ftw>ail>Sta Abb. 78. Knaucrnkalke des Cenoman, 10 km N Suweilih an der alten StraBe Suweilih-Jerash N-Jordanien (Foto Wiesemann) j ' Abb. 80. Sandkalke (Turon—Santon) und Kieselkalke (Campan, obercr Berghang) T?'g" I8-^"?",3"'?" "°^ular limestone unit, 10 km N ofSuweilih at thc old road Suweilih- Dilagha—Gharandal, rund 6,2 km SW Dilagha Jerash, North-Jordan (photo Wiesemann) Fig. 80. Sandy limestone unit (Turonian- Santonian, lower half of slope) and silicii stone unit (Campanian, upper slope), at the Dilagha -Gharandal track, approx. 6. of Dilagha

Abb. 81. Oberc Phosphorit-Stufe (ob. Campan-Maastricht) im Tagebau von Ruse 14 km NW Amman; die Obergrenze des „oberen Lagers" liegt in Kopfhohe der P, Abb 79. Pflanzenfuhrende Sandsteine der Obcrkreide (Ccnoman-Turon) in SE Jordanien dem Bild (Foto Heimbach) rund 75 km ENE Mudawwara, NW-Hang des Al Humarah Fig. 81. Upper phosphorite unit (upper Campanian—Maestrichtian); open-cast Ruscita Fig. 79. Plant fossil bearing sandstones of the upper Cretaceous (Ccnomanian-Turonian) in 14 km NW of Amman; the person on the picture points to the upper contact of tl, SE-Jordan, approx. 75 km ENE of Mudawwara, NW-slope of Al Humarah phosphorite layer" (photo Heimbach) ",vw4

Abb. 82. Schraggeschichtete Austcrnbanke (Maastricht) in der Phosphorit-Stufcrund 1,5km N El Hasa Abb. 84. Bituminose Kreidekalke in der Stufe der Kreidemergel mit Gips auf Kl Fig. 82. Crossbeddcd oyster-limestones (Maestrichtian) inthe phosphorite unitapprox. 1,5kmN Schichtung; Wadi Shabib, 6 km W der WiistenstraBe Amman—Ma'an, rund 45 of El Hasa Fig. 84. Bituminous limestones in the chalk-marl unit; gypsum in joints across Shabib, 6 km W of the desert road Amman—Ma'an, approx. 45 km S of Ammai

Abb. 83. Die Stufe der Kreidemergel (obcrcs Maastricht-Dan- unteres Paleozan) rund 1 km Abb. 86. Die Kalk-Hornstein-Stufe (Paleozan—unteres Eozan) iiber den Krcitl WNW dcs Tuwalyll esh Shihaq (28,7 km SE El Hasa) Jebel Urn Rijam, 3 km SH Jurf ed Darawish (Foto Heimbach) Fig. 83. The chalk-marl unit (upper Maestrichtian-Danian—lower Paleocene) 1 km WNW of Fig. 86. The limestone-chert unit (Paleocene—lower Eocene) overlaying the cha the Tuwalyll esh Shihaq (28,7 km SE of El Hasa) Jebel Urn Rijam, 3 km SE of Jurf ed Darawish (photo Heimbach) Abb. 90. Bituminose und Barytknollen-fuhrendc Kalkmergcl des Mittel- undObere, > res Drittcl der Steilstufe), darUber glaukonitische und sandige Kalkc sowie Kalkmci Oligozans bis Miozans (mittlcrer, steiler Abschnitt der Stufe), uberlagert von sandi unci Mcrgeln mit Gips des Pleistozans (isolierter Hiigel auf der Schichtstufen-Oberll.,, rand Faydat ad Dahikiya, rund 40 km SE Azraq Abb. 88. Sattel aus Nummulitenkalkcn (mittlcres bis obexes Eozan), 3 km SE Gharandal am Fig. 90. Bituminous, and baryte concretions-bearing marly limestones of the middk mittleren Wadi Araba-Ostrand Eocene(lower thirdof scarp), overlain byglauconitic andsandy limestones and marh of thc (?) Oligocene to Miocene (middle, steep part of the scarp), in turn ovcrlai Fig. 88. Anticline formed of nummulitic limestones (middle to upper Eocene), 3 km SE of shales and marl with gypsum of thc Pleistocene (isolated hill on top of the cuesta): Gharandal at the East side of the central Wadi Araba of Faydatad Dahikiya, approx. 40 km SE of Azraq

Abb. 91. Untere syntektonischc Konglomerate des Oberoligozans bis (?) Ncogei grund, unteres Drittcl dcs Berges im Hintcrgrund) und obere syntektonischc Kti Abb. 89. Glaukonitische Kalkc des (?) Oligozans in Esh Shuna am nordlichen Jordangraben- des Neogens (grobgebankter, obcrer Teil dcs Berges); 2 km ENE Gharandal am ( Ostrand mittleren Wadi Araba v Fig. 89. Glauconitic limestones of the (?) Oligocene in Esh Shuna at the East side of the Fig. 91. Lower syntcctonic conglomerates of the upper Oligocene to (?) Neogene (l Northern Jordan Rift Valley lower third of mountain in background), and upper syntcctonic conglomerates oi" ti (thickbedded, upper part of mountain); 2 km ENE of Gharandal, East side of c, Araba

16 Bender, jordanien Abb. 92. Konglomeratische Kalkc der Shagur-Formation, Piiopleistozan. Auf- schluBhohc im Bild ca. 6 m. An der Arda'a- StraBe, rund 5,5 km S Deir Alia am Ost rand des Jordangrabcns Fig. 92. Conglomeratic limestones of the Shagur formation, Pliocene to lower Plei Abb. 94. Mittelplcistozaner Basalt diskordant iiber steilstehenden Ghor el Katai stocene. Exposure on photo approx. 6 m mittleres Jordantal, rund 26,5 km N vom Toten Meer high. At the Arda'a-road approx. 5,5 km S Fig. 94. Middle Pleistocene basalt flow unconformably resting on steep-dipping Gl of Deir Alia at the East side of the lordan formation; central Ionian valley, approx. 26,5 km N of the Dead Sea Rift

Abb. 93. Steil nach Westen einfallende Ghor el Katar-Schichten (Altpleistoziin) im mittleren Jordantal, rund 26 km N vom Toten Meer Abb. 95. Lisan-Mergel (obercs Pleistozan) von der Halbinsel Lisan. Blick nach Tote Meer auf den westlichcn Grabenrand v Fig. 93. Steep West-dipping Ghor el Katar formation of the lower Pleistocene in the central Jordan valley, approx. 26 km N of the Dead Sea Fig. 95. l.isan marls of the upper Pleistocene at thc Lisan peninsula; view towards Dead Sea to the West side of the Rift Valley

•'•••<••• ibb. 96. Lisan-Mergel zwischen Allenby- und Damiya-Briicke iiber den Jordan ig. 96. Lisan marls exposed between the Allenbv- and thc Damiya-bridges across the river , n'dan

\bb.99. Schwemmfacher unsortierter Wadi-Sedimente am Austritt dcs Wadi Dahal in die \ adi Araba-Deprcssion; Blick von der Station El Dahal nach E ig 99 Alluvial fan of unsorted Wadi deposits at the mouth of the Wadi Dahalinto thc Wadi \raba depression; view to East from the police station El Dahal

Abb. 98. Terrassen am Ostrand des Toten Meeres, sudlich der Halbinsel I (Wadi lsal). Nur die nordlichen Terrassen und die Grenzcn der lin Lisan-Mergel sind nachgczeichnet. Die hochste Terrasse liegt rund 190 dem Spiegel des Toten Meeres (Luftbild ca. 1: 32 000) Fig. 98. Terraces at thc East side of the Dead Sea, S of the Lisan pcniiisul lsal). Only the northern terraces and the geological borders of the la Lisan Marls are marked on the aerial photo by drafting. The uppermosi is located approx. 190 m above the present surface of the Dead Sea. (Aeria scale approx. 1: 32 000) Abb. 102. Abscnkung tier HauptstraBe Amman-Jerusalem (bei Naur) urn 7 m in Abb. 100. Wasserbcdcckter Teil einer kleinen Regenpfanne zwischcn Driftsand mit Wind- 1963/64; Grcnzschichtcn bunte Sandsteine der Untcrkrcide/Knaucrnkalke des Cenoni,, Rippeln; jahrlicher Niederschlag <^50mm; rund 74 km ENE Mudawwara, W Al Humarah, Stidostjordanicn Fig.102. Downslopc movement for 7 m of the main road Amman-Jerusalem (near il of Naur), in winter 1963/64;transition bedsvariegated sandstones (lowerCretaceous) Fig. 100. Water-covered part of a small mud flat between dunes of drift sand with wind ripples; limestones (Ccnomanian) mean annual rainfall <§50 mm; approx. 74 km ENE of Mudawwara, W of Al Humarah, South east-Jordan

Abb. 101. Abrilinische (Bildmitte, Hintcrgrund) und Hangrutschmassen eines rund 800 m Abb. 103. Kalkkrusten-Panzer („Nari") uber einem Hiigel,an der StraBc Jerash > langen und rund 300 m breiten Bcrgrutsches in den Knauernkalken des Cenomans auf der S der neuen Zerqabriicke; klcinc Wcizcnf elder in urspriinglichkrustenfrcicn, durch In N-Seite des Wadi Kcrak, ca. 7 km NW der Stadt Kerak der „Nari" noch crwviterten flachen Gclandemuldcn Fig. 101. Landslide scar (background, center) and rock debris of an approx. 800m long and Fig, 103. Armor of caliche („Nari") covering a hill at the road Jerash Suweilih, S ol 300 m wide landslide of the nodular limestones (Ccnomanian), at the North side of the Wadi Zerqa river bridge; small wheat fields in shallow depressions originally without cal Kerak, approx. 7 km NW of Kerak further enlarged by removal of the "Nari" Abb. 106. Kreisrundc, llachc Vertiefungen in der Steindecke (Dcflationsriicksiai ^knrT^da^a^dostjo^a^f ~ *•**"•- " ***" *—*-! — 65 km NE Mudawwara, an der „C"-Piste Fig. 106. Circularshallow holes in thc desert pavement; approx. 65 km NE Mudaw sssjsys «tlE*o^u^w^!^tt-^„moM^<—d *s"— —• thc "C"-track

Abb. 107. Korrasion der Sabellarifex Sandsteine (Mittel-Qrdovizium) durch sail, Abb. 105. Anreichcrung rotlicher und Wcstwindc; 70 km E Aqaba weiBer Milchquarz-Gerolle und Kies aus Untcrkreide-Sandsteinen durch Verwit- Fig. 107. Eolian corrasion of thc sabellarifex sandstones (middle Ordovician) by san, tcrung und Ausblasung („Kieswuste"); westwinds; 70 km East of Aqaba rund 80 km NE Mudawwara, Sudostjor- danien Fig. 105. Enrichment of reddish and white quartz pebbles by weathering of lower Cretaceous conglomeratic sand stones and deflation ("pebble desert"); approx. 80km N Eof Mudawwara, South east-Jordan

16A Abb. 108. Eisenschiissiger, verkieselter Untcrkreide-Sandstein, als Windkanter ausgebildet; ffiSt^ Tilal Umeir Wa Ammar, rund 20 km S Station Fassua, Siidjordanien Fig. 108. Wind-faceted, fcrrogineous silicified sandstone of the lower Cretaceous; Tilal Umeir Abb. 110. Quarzporphyr-Intrusion in kambrische Sandsteine; obercs \\ Wa Ammar, approx. 20 km S of Hecljaz-railroad station Fassua, South-Jordan Fig. 110. Intrusion of quartzporphyry into Cambrian sandstones; upper

Abb. 109. Kcrnspriingc in Basalt durch Abb. III. Quarzporphyrmassiv ungeklarter Altersstellung; Jebel Tayib die Wirkungen der Insolation; rund Fig. 111. Quartzporphyry ridge of undefined age; Jebel Tayiba at the low 200 km E Amman und 50 km SSW der Erdolpumpstation H-4 Fig. 109. Heat cracks in basalt due to the vigorous changes in the temperature; approx. 200 km E of Amman and 50 km SSW of the oil-pumping station H-4 Abb. 110. Quarzporphyr-Intrusion in kambrische Sandstcinc; obercs Wadi Museimir, Ostrand des mittleren Wadi Araba Fig. 110. Intrusion of quartzporphyry into Cambrian sandstones; upper course of Wadi Museimir, East side of central Wadi Araba

Abb. 111. Quarzporphyrmassiv ungeklarter Altersstellung; Jebel Tayiba am untcren Wadi Musa, Ostrand des mittleren Wadi Araba I ig. 111. Quartzporphyry ridgeof undefined age;Jebel Tayiba at thelower course of Wadi Musa, East side of the central Wadi Araba Abb 112. Entlang einer Storungszonc aufgedrungener Basalt mit umflossenen Cenomankalk- Schollcn; StraBe Kerak—Lisan F'8\U2- 1,iasalt dikc with inclusions of Ccnomanian limestones, following a fault zone- at the road Kerak—Lisan '

Abb. 113. Der Basaltvulkan am W-Ende des Thermengebietes von Zerqa Ma'in Fig. 113. Basalt vent W of the thermal springs of Zerqa Ma'in Abb. 114. Luftbild eines Teilgcbietcs der sudlichen Jebel ed Drouz-Plate.u 55 km WSW der Erdolpumpstation H-4, an der StraBe Mafraq—Baghdad (s, Linie: AsphaltstraBe, weiBe Linie: Erdolpipeline). WeiB: Pehtische Sedimente in ncn Regenpfannen. Hellgrau: Altcre Basaltdeckcn (?Miozan bis Pleistoziin). 1 grau, gcstrichelt umrandet: Tuff-Vulkane. Dunkelgrau, umrandet: Jungerc decken unci urn 120° streichende Basaltvulkanreihe (Mittelplcistozan und Jung, Fig. 114. Aerial photo of a part of the southern Jebel ed Drouz-plateau basalt* WSW of the oil-pumping station H-4, at the Mafraq—Baghdad road (black line: road, white line: Oil pipeline). White: Pelitic sediments in dry mud flats. I.ij Older basaltlavaflows (?Miocencto Pleistocene). Darkgrey, dashed line: Turl vi Darkgrey, outlined: Younger basaltlava flows and fissure effusions striking ap pr (middle Pleistocene and younger) Abb. 11.3. Der Jebel ed Dhakar im Wadi El Hasa, cm durch die Erosion der umgebenden Obcrkre.dekalkc freigelcgter Basaltschlot: rechts ,m Bildhintergrund (NE) Reste eines Basaltdeckenergusses am Plateaurand (Foto D. \\ eigel) Fig. 115. Jebel ed Dhakar in the Wadi El Hasa, a basalt vent carved ou, ot the surrounding upper Cretaceous limestones by thc erosion; in the background right (NE), remnants of a basalt flow on top of the pla.eau (photo D. Weigel)

Abb. 116. Trockenmaar mit Ringwall aus Basalt-Tuff; 47,5 km SE Azrau an der jordamsch-saudiarabischen Grenze Fig 116. Dry maar surrounded by aring wall oftuff; 47,5 km SE ofAzrac at the Jordanian-Saudiarabian border

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**W"*,''t' Abb. 122. Luftbild der GrabenrandschoUe W Jebel el Muhtadi an der Ostseite ties sudlicl

Pra- Wadi Araba Grabcns Kambrium Fig. 122. Aerial photo of the downfaultcd block West of Jebel el Muhtadi at the easi edge of the southern Wadi Araba Rift

Slorung albeobachlel bi i ermulel

)b. 121. Geologische Karte vom Gebiet der GrabenrandschoUe westlich Jebel el Muhtadi Fig. 121. Geological map of the downfaultcd block Westof Jebel el Muhtadi; East side ol i Ostrand des sudlichen Wadi Araba. Bodenkontrollc und geologische Auswertung nach southern Wadi Araba. Ground control and geological interpretation of the aerial phoro enstehendem Luftbild this page " I\*j Wadi Ablsgerungen ," '- 'I Hangichutt-, Schwe-nmfarher H0L02A

KAMBRIUM Abb. 124. I.uftbildder /.. me derJebelHarun-I.eistenschollen, Ostseite dcsmittleren Wadi Arab., •lo0 J Syntektonischtf Konglomerale NEOGEN -.--^1 ungegliedei PRAKAMBRIUM Fig. 124. Aerial photo ol thc zone of narrow horsts and rifts of Jebel Harun-area, Fast ol thi -L, JJ K»lk#, Msrgtft, Hornst- central Wadi Araba i il Nummunien-kalk* PALAOGEN ?rgel, dolomit.sche all TERTlAR bis OB KfiEIDE 1 l] Sandslein* tonig, mergehg UNfERKRKEiDE 660 ungefahr* Hohe in m uber NN

' \2ru ^C"'°«ische Karte von langgestrecktcn Leistenschollcn, die von Abschicbungen mit Fig. 123. Geological map of a zone of narrow elongated horsts and rifts bounded by norm.i ichthchen Verwurfbctragen begrenzt sind und ostwarts vom cigentlichen Wadi Araba- faults of major vertical displacements, running nearly parallel F.ast ot the main Wadi Arab:. l'Cr?.,-,anw»H-'rA Z n f^.Gfabennchjung verlaufen. Jebel Harun-Gebict, Ostseite des Rift; lebclllarun areaal the Eastsideof the central Wadi Araba. Ground controland gcologic.i leren Vvad. Araba. Geologische Bodenkontrolle und Auswcrtung nach nebenstehendem interpretation of the aerial photo on this page. .:'- . bb. 125. Grabenbruch mit etwa 2 m-Sprunghohen an den bcgrenzcndcn Abschiebungcn den jungplcistozancn Lisan-Mergeln; rund 9 km NE Jericho am Wcg nach Makhadat el undassa g. 125. Small rift bounded by normal faults of approx. 2 m throws, in thc upper Pleistocene san Marls; approx. 9 km NE of Jericho at the road to Makhadat el Mundassa

Abb. 126. Durch cine Abschicbung von Abb. 127. Die Jebel er Kisha-Stortingszone in den quartaren Lockersedimcntcn dcs in rund 30 cm zerstorte Treppe in der Esse- Wadi Araba; im W (dunkclgrau): Pleistozane fluviatilc Schotter auf der Hoehschollc ner Siedlung Qumran am NW-Ende des (hellgrau): Subrczenie und rezente Wadi-Scdimente auf der abgesunkenen Scholle; I. Toten Meeres rd. 1:31 000 Fig. 126. Stairs dislocated by normal fault Fig. 127. The febel er Risha-fault zone in unconsolidated Quaternary sediments of the of approx. 0,30 m throw; in the ruins of Wadi Araba; In the West (darkgrey): Pleistocene fluviatilc gravel on elevated block; the settlement of the Esscivs at Qumran East (lightgrey): Subrecent and recent Wadi deposits on downthrown block (aerial pll, near the NW shore of thc Dead Sea scale approx. 1: 31 000) 17 hendcr, Jordimicn bb. 128. ,,Pseudotektonisclie Faltung" eines Schichtkomplexes zwischen ungefaltcten Schich- Abb. 130. ..Pseudotektonisclie Faltung" der Kicsclkaike (Campan) rund 15 km ESE Bethlc n infolge Schwerkraft-Gleitung des Sediments im unverfestigten Zustand; „Pseudo-Injektiv- mit E-Vergenz der iiberkippten Falten Itung" in der Stufe der Kicsclkaike (Campan), Amman-Weststadt, Jebel Wcbdi Fig. 130. Intraformational contortion. E-overturned folds in the silicified limestone ig. 128. Intraformational contortion, folding confined to a sedimentary complex between non- (Campanian), approx. 15 km ESE of Bethlehem Ided strata, resulting from thesliding of unconsolidated sediments; „pseudo-injective folding" ithin the silicified limestone unit (Campanian), Amman-West, Jebel Wcbdi bb. 129. ,,Pseudotektonisclie Faltung" der oberen Kicsclkaike (Campan) rund 12 km NNW m Jericho; Achsenstreichen 15°-25°, schwache E-Vcrgenz, iiberlagerndc Schichten der Abb 135. Stollen-Mundlocher der friihgcschichtlichcn „Nabataischen Mine" ineiner Kuptyi losphoritstufe horizontal (Foto M. Ruef) impragnicrten, schraggeschichteten Lage der weiBen Fcinsandsteine. Nordl.ehes Wadi ig. 129. Intraformational contortion resulting in slightly eastwards overturned folds, axis Khusheiba-Gebiet —25°; upper part of the silicified limestone unit (Campanian), overlying strata of the Fig 135. Galleries of the ancient „Nabataean Mine" in acopper-mineralized, crossbedded losphoritc unit arc horizontal; approx. 12 km NNW of Jericho (photo M. Ruef) of the white finesandstones. Northern Wadi Abu Khusheiba area Abb. 139. Feinkics fiihrender Grobsand- stcin mit kupfervererzter Matrix unmittel bar iiber den Dolomiten vom Wadi Halid, rund 1,3 km N der Ruinen von Feinan. AusschnittvergroBcrting 3,2 X eines An- schliffes. WeiB und Grau: Durchscheincn- dc und blaulichgrun getarbte Quarzc (75,5%)! schwarz: Quarzporphyrkorncr (4,9%); Matrix: Gemengc aus feinkorni gcr. Quarzen, Feldspaten, (?)Chrysokoll und Malachit (19,6%) Fig. 139. Gravelly coarse sandstone with copper-mineralized matrix directly over lying the dolomites at Wadi Halid, approx. Anschliff einer 7 cm X 5cm grofkn Kupfererzknottc im weiBen Fcinsandstein. 1,3 km N of the ruins of Feinan; polished uprit; hell: Malachit und feinkornigcr Quarzsand, „Nabataische Mine"; VergroBe- section, enlargement 3,2 X. White and grey: Translucent and bluish-green quartz i'olished section of a portion of a 7 cm x 5cm thick copper orenodule in the white grains (75,5%); black: Pieces of quartz mes from the „Nabatacan Mine". Dark: Cuprite; light: Malachite and fine grained porphyry (4,9%); matrix: Mixture of fine largement 3,3.- quartz and feldspat grains, (?) chrvsocolla and malachite (19,6%)

Abb. 140. Derbcs Kupfererz (47",, Cu) aus cincr Erztaschc im Sandstein unmittelbar uber den Bornit (Cu2FeS.,) umgeben von Cuprit (Cu20). Anschliff-VergroBerung 540 X vom Dolomiten vom Wadi Halid, rund 1,3 km N vom Hauptruinenhiigel Feinan. Ausschnitt leil einer Kupfererz-Knotte. „Nabat:iische Mine", am Stollen-Mtindloch (Foto vcrgroBerung ca. 2x eines Anscliliffs. Schwarz: Plancheit (dunkelblau); dunkelgrau: Malachit IIAROT) v (dunkelgrun-braunlich); hellgrau: Chrysokoll (hellgriin) liornite (Cu,Fe&) surrounded by Cuprite (Cu20). Polished section ofthe central part Fig. 140. Fligh grade copperore (47% Cu) from an ore pocketin the sandstone directly resting er ore nodule from the „Nabataean Mine"; enlargement 540X (photo F. J. Eck- on the dolomites of Wadi Halid, approx. 1,3 km N of the main hill of ruins in Feinan; polished section, enlargement approx. 2 . Black: Planchcite (darkblue in nature); darkgrey: Malachite (darkgrccn-brownish in nature); lightgrey: Chrysocolla (lightgreen in nature) Abb. 145. AusbiB von massigem I lamatit in den Kalken des oberen Ccnomans- 12. Massiges, rund 3 m machtiges Mangancrz mit Hangendgrcnze zu kambrischen Sand- ?Turons von Warda, W Burma rund 200 m N der Mundung dcs Wadi Mahjoob in das Wadi Dana (Foto G. van den Fig. 145. Outcrop of massive haematite ore in the limestones of upper Ccnomanian- '., Dense, massive manganese ore of a thickness of about 3 m, with overlying Cam- ?Turonian age at Warda, W of thc village- ,ndstones; approx. 200 m N of thc mouth of Wadi Mahjoob in the Wadi Dana (photo Burma den Boom)

Abb. 143. Mangancrz auf Kliiften im kam Abb. 147. Phosphat Tagebau 3,5 km NE der Station El Hasa. Die Phosphat-Linse ist bier und brischen Sandstein unmittelbar iiber dem 4,50 in machtig und reicht bis zur unteren dunklen Hornsteinbank Flaupterzhorizont; Wadi Mreo, 7 km WSW der Ortschaft Dana (Foto: G. van den Fig. 147. Phosphate open cast 3,5 km NE of El Hasa railroad station. The phosphate is approx Boom) 4,50 m thick at this place and is limited by the lower dark chert layer Fig. 143. Joints in thc Cambrian sand stones filled with manganese ore, directly above the main ore horizon; Wadi Mrco, 7 km WSW of thc village Dana (photo G. van den Boom) - .,

i). 149. ,,Barytrosetten" aus den bunten Sandstcincn der Unterkrcide-Cenoman von Zakimat Abb. 151a. Steinsalzgewinnung durch Verdunstung von oberflachennahem, salzhaliic lasa (ostriches Zentraljordanien) Grundwasser in Salzpfannen; Azraq-Dcpression, rund 90 km E Amman . 149. "Baryte-rosettes" from the variegated sandstones of the lower Cretaceous-Ccnomanian Fig.151a. Production of rock salt by evaporation, using saline groundwater from a shall

Abb. 152. Fassadc eines nabataischen i). 150. Schwefel (weiBc Nester und diinne Lagen) in einer teilweise konzentrisch-schalig Felscngrabes („Schatzkammer des Pha- 1 teilweise radialfaserig gebauten Gipskonkrction aus den Lisan-Mergcln rund 1 km SW rao") in Petra, aus anstchenden kambri Allenby-Briicke iiber den Jordan; Anschliff, ctwa 1/2 natiirl. Gr. schcn Sandstcincn gcmciBelt (2. Jh. n. . 150. Native sulphur (white pockets and lamina) in a gypsum concretion of partly scaly and Chr.) tly radiated texture; from the Lisan marls approx. 1 km SW of the Allenby-bridge across Fig. 152. Facade of a Nabatacan tomb Jordan river; polished section, approx. 1/2 of nat. size ("Treasure of Pharao") in Petra, carved out of Cambrian sandstones (2nd. cen tury after Chr.)

18 Bender, Joftlf.nk.-u 153. Basalt als Baustein; Ruinen von Umm el Djcmal in Nordostjordanien aus bvzanti- . Zeit (4. 6. Jh. n. Chr.) Abb. 155. Stcinbruch in den massigen Kalken (Santon) und den oberen Echinoidcnkalkei 53. Basalt used as building-stone; Byzantine ruinsof Umm el Djcmal in Northeast-Jordan (Turon) in Amman, Siidweststadt ih century after Chr.) Fig. 155. Building-stone quarry in the massive limestone unit (Santonian) and in thc uppci echinoid limestone unit (Turonian); Amman-Southwest

Abb. 154. Basaltplatte als Hauseingangs- Abb. 156. Kalkumkrustctcr Grobkies, ttir; Umm el Djcmal in Nordostjordanien kalkumkrustcte Grascr und I lolzcr, Piso- Fig. 154. Basalt slab used as entrance door; lithe und wenig vcrfesligter Travertin am Umm el Djcmal in Northeast-Jordan Weg von der ostlichen GhorstraBe nach Tabaqat Faht Fig. 156. Coatings ofcalcite around gravel, rush stems, wood, pisolithes, and soft tra vertine at the track from the eastern Ghor- road to Tabaqat Fahl a a 3

» w £ 1. llyolithcn-Kalk, hohes Unterkambrium bis Mittclkambrium; Dolomit-Kalk Tonstcin- ic, rund 1,0 km N der Zerqa-Ma'in-Miindung in das Tote Meer ]. 1lyoliihcs-limcstonc, upper part (.flower Cambrian to middle Cambrian. Dolomite- lestonc-shalc unit, approx. 1,0 km N of the mouth of the Wadi Zerqa Ma'in in the Dead

:. 2. Bilobiten aus der Gruppe Crit^iana furcifera D'Orbk;ny/6>. goldfussi (Rouault), l'/a*- igr.; L'nrerurdovizium. Massige, wcili verwittemde Sandsteine, unteres Drittel der Bcrg- ii!>C NE der Regenpfanne Qa Disa, Siidjordanien (Best., cbenso Fig. 3,4, 5: R. HuCKKihDK, u'burg) . 2. Btlobitcs ex. gr. Cru^iaua furcifera D'Orbk;ny/C>. °oldfitssi (Rouault), enlargement 1'/„ ; ,lt Ordovician. Massive, whitish weathered sandstones, lower slopes of the mountains of the mud llatQ.l Disa, South-Jordan (determ., also fig. 3,4, 5 by R. Huckriedl, Marburg)

•''- * t.:'•• -'A^-Vm* b^-A* '• ,:1 S//"

:. 3. IJltfytrngretpfftscf. Idfidus (Hall); Llanvirn. Aus einer verkieselten Feinsandsteinlagc tier .reren Graptolithcn-Sandstcinc, 4,8 km SSE jebel El Ghuzlan, Siidjordanien j. 3. i)idxmo»raptits ef. bifidtts (Hall); Llanvirn. From a silicified fmesandstone horizon in . lower graptolitc-sandstones, 4,8 km SSB Jebel UI Ghuzlan, South-Jordan

•.a 4. Sabvllarift-x dttfrttiayi (Rouault); Mittelordovizium. Sabcllarifcx-Sandstcine vom oberen rittel des Berghanges S der Regenpfanne von Sahl El Karim, Siidjordanien ig, 4. Sabellarifex diifrtuoyi (R.OUAULT); middle Ordovician. From the sabellarifex-sandstones the upper mountain slopes S of the mud Mat of Sahl \i\ Karim, South-Jordan 'A- ^ - -MOT A.

1 ig. 5a. tiarlatiia athghamtHSts (Harlan), (Grobenverglcich: Streiehholz), Mittelordovizium. ibellarifex-Sandsteine vom oberen Drittel des Berghanges S der Regenpfanne von Sahl HI ^.iriin, Siidjordanien ig. 5a. Harhnia tdhghamemis (Harlan), (for eompar. of size: match), middle Ordovician. ihelhuiiex sandstones of the upper mountain slopes S of the mud Hat of Sahl El Karim, South • irdail m. 5b. iiarhiniu tdkglumkmii (Harlan) im Anschnitt senkrecht zur Schnittfiache; F'undort ig. 5b. llarhiuia aHvghanivnsis (Harlan), section across bedding; location as 5a fig. 1. Kuhespuren von Trilobiten (oder Gastropodcn?), gegen die Stromungsrichtung (Ffeil) mgeordnct; Mittelordovizium. Sabellarifex-Sandsteine von den Berghangen S der Regenpfanne Sahl El Karim, Siidjordanien (Best. A. Seilacher, Tubingen) lig. 1. Resting tracks of trilobites (or gastropods?) arranged against direction of current (arrow); middle Ordovician. Sabellarifex-sandstones from the mountain slopes S of the mud 'Lit of Sahl F.I Karim, South-Jordan (detcrm. A. Sf.ilacher, Tubingen) fig. 2. Ruhespuren von Trilobiten (Rusophyats sp.), nach der Stromungsrichtung (Pfeil) an- geordnct; Mittelordovizium. Sabellarifex-Sandsteine von den Berghangen S der Regenpfanne Sahl El Karim, Siidjordanicn (Best. A. Sf.ilachlr, Tubingen) fig. 2. Resting tracks of trilobites (R/tsopliyats sp.), arranged according current (arrow); middle Ordovician. Sabellarifex-sandstones from the mountain slopes S of the mud ilatofSahl Id Karim, South-Jordan (detcrm. A. Seilacher, Tubingen)

fig. 3. Protolyella-ahnMchcs Froblematikum aus den untcren Conularien-Sandsteinen; obercs Ordovizium bis unteres Silur (Llandovery). Rund 21 km NW der I ledschasbahnstation Mudaw wara, Siidjordanicn (vcrgl. Hlickriede 1967, im Nachtrag S. 214) fig. 3. Protolyella-iikc problcmaticum from the lower Conularia-sandstones; upper Ordovician to lower Silurian (Llandovery). Approx. 21 km NW of the Hedja'z railroad station of Mudawwara, South-Jordan (see Huckriede 1967, in appendix p. 214) lig. 4. Clyptograptus tamariscus (Nicholson), Dip/ograptus sp., aus den oberen Conularien- Sandsteinen; unteres Silur (Llandovery). Rund 9 km L der Fledschasbahn bzw. 32,5 km N tier Station Mudawwara, Siidjordanien (Best. R. Woli;art, Bundesanst. f. Bodenforsch., I lannovcr) I ig. 4. Clyptograptus tamariscus (Nicholson), Oiplograptus sp., from the upper Conularia- sandstones. Lower Silurian (Llandovery). Approx. 9 km E of the Hedjaz-railroad (= 32,5 km \ of railroad station of Mudawwara), South Jordan (detcrm. R. Woi.i art, Geol. Survey of ihe Fed. Rep. of Germany, Hannover)

lig. 5. Steinkcrn einer ortboconen Nautiloidee mit zentralgelegenem Sipho, indet.; unteres Silur. Nautiloideen-Sandstcine, rund 25 km ENE Hedschasbahnstation Mudawwara, Siidost- jordanien 1ig. 5. Internal mold of an orthocone Nautiloid with central siphon, indct.; lower Silurian. Nautiloidea-sandstones, approx. 25 km ENF. of the Hedjaz railroad station of Mudawwara, Southeast-Jordan fig. 6. Eine noch unbcschricbcnc Trilobitcnforni aus der Vcrwandlschaft urn Lahomalumtits und Ihungniartella (nach frdl. Mitteilung von R. Huckriede, Marburg), Vergr. ca. 3 X; unteres Silur (Llandovery). Untere Nautiloideen-Sandstcine, 36,2 km NF der Hedschasbahnstation Mudawwara, Sudost jordanien Lig. 6. Trilobite related to tiohomalonotus and Bro/igniartella, not yet described (ace. to verbal commun. R. Hickriede, Marburg), ca. 3 • enlarged; lower Silurian (Llandovery). Lower Nautiloidea-sandstones, 36,2 km NE of the Hedjaz railroad station of Mudawwara, Southeast- lordan , wSutff'a&ttf!warn rla|al, 11,80 m uber(DUNK'^'einem basischenA"is' Triugebie,Lagergang NE vom Nordende des Toten

Itad&l'WS11 aca> « "«i IUUI !a|al,l%mTk0,80 m aboveA"'si-V--;"'-P"'-'a basic sill '"-sic NEof«V No„h-cnd '.':'7:Z^,nZ^'AN'K Ctn°mm- *»•«•«"«*"* vom untcren Wadi Rumman M»«j*rrt„„ Coq.und; Ccnomanian. nodular limestone uni, from ,he lower •Hthe Wadi Rumman (southern affluent ofthe Zerqa river) lioXS' '"'"""" (S<:'"-OT"K,u>' Tur"", Sandkalkstulc vom Wadi ed Dick, siidliehes 'n("Z"l\f^ (ScHtOTHKU). Turonian, sandy limestone unit Iron, Wad, ed Diek,

Oben: Rhvuhomllu (tCymalorhymhia) sp. aff. quadriplicate (Hartmann)- Unten- Ostrea ;m Cox. Hathomcn rund 300 mWder Brticke uber den Zerqa, alte Stralle S ue1h It.'.ioverT" * '4Um' ^ FR' SCHMI°' Ni«'«s^hs. LandesLlt f. Bo'len- ^P't^JkWffM' im,';!•' *(•,£''n''7'"?(.ox Bathomen.<-'/C>"'""«r''.'''^")approx. 301) mWSP-ofaff.theV,adriplicalabridge across(Hartmann);the river ZerqaBottomohi• Chinaroad ?M% Irsch /lan'novc,"'' ° "' '''* X4a"'' 5: ** Sc"™' N-dcrsachs. iTnrSm, f I'l 1latr"'"' {f) n"V' SP' "bcrat';Ph"sPh»'-its.ufe, Maastricht; ca. 8uml- der Bahn-

^If'thc'riTlloi rnc 1.1 llasa<')railroadT'V' JP;u.PPcrm"ststation Pa" of phosphorite unit, Maeslricluian, approx.'' 't.taSMt

<.avlnm,dmi uurnulalus (BLA.NV.U.E); nach Mikrofossilbcfund miltleres EoaSd unteres ,les lebcl I hulcithmvar, 130 km SI- Amman ' untcres ( ,m-l,a,„do„ amiudatns (Blainvilui); ace. microfossil evidence middle Eocene lower the mount.,,,, slope ot the jebel Thuleithmvat, 130 km SE ofAmman imen'"'""'m'Tn(Best. II. fiII.lteruann,"*"**" (Wo,OUWARn''Bundesanst.01«W«*>,f. Bodenforsch.Qa csHannover)Siq, 70 km SE Uayir Sud- '^Z'ZltT^?'™™^^!™'« lofdm (detcrm. H. H.cxrmann, Geol. Survey ofQftthe<=s Fed.SiH- 7»Rep.k™ ofSEGerman),;of Bayir, hits sp.; Sandsteinfolge des Cenomans, rund 125 km NF Mudawwara (40 km NW von Kilwa), Sudostjordanicn. (Alle vorlaurigen Kestimmungen Tafel IV: K. Mad- s;ichs. Landesamt f. Bodenforsch., Hannover; endgultige Bestinimungen und Be- der Flora in: Bender ik Madler 1968, im Oruck) licus sp.; sandstones of Ccnomanian age, approx. 125 km NF of Mudawwara \\V of the ruins of Kihva), Southeast-Jordan. (All preliminary determinations \I\dlir, Niedersachs. Landesamt f. Bodcnforsch., Hannover; final determinations Hi Mauler 1968, in print)

''iTSta sp., Sandsteinfolge des Cenomans, Fundort wie Fig. 1 \rsea sp.; sandstones ot Ccnomanian age, location as Fig. 1

assafras sp.; Sandsteinfolge des Cenomans, Fundort wie Fig. 1 sassafras sp.; sandstones of Ccnomanian age, location as Fig. 1

auraeeae sp.; Sandsteinfolge des Cenomans, Fundort wie Fig. 1 ' aitraeeae sp.; sandstones of Ccnomanian age, location as Fig. 1

\.ipiudace.ie sp.; Sandsteinfolge des Cenomans, Fundort wie Fig. 1 \apindaceae sp.; sandstones of Ccnomanian age, location as Fig. 1

Magnolia sp.; Sandsteinfolge des Cenomans, Fundort wie Fig. 1 Magnolia sp.; sandstones of Cenomanian age, location as Fig. 1

Uetusperwaetae sp.; Obcrkrcide-Sandstcine, rund 75 km NE Mudawwara £=» 90 km nen von Kilwa) Mci/isprrwaceae sp.; upper Cretaceous sandstones, approx. 75 km NF of Mudawwara \V of the ruins of Kilwa)

Sassafras sp,; Oberkreide-Sandsteine, Fundort wie Fig. 7 \,issafras sp.; upper Cretaceous sandstones, location as Fig. 7 0 1cm

kzeug einer Gcrollkultur ("pebble tool") des Pra-Abbeville; Abu Habil am Ghor c des Jordantales, rund 36 km S vom Sudende des Sees Tiberias (Fund und Best • de, Marburg) le tool ofthe pre-Abbevillian typology; Abu Habil atGhor Fara, East side ofJordan >x. 36 km S of the south-end of the Lake Tiberias (rinding and determ R Hucr- >urg)

zulaufender Faustkeil, Abbeville bis sehr altes Acheulien; aus den untersten Lagen lit a") fluviatiler Konglomerate 1 km SW der Bahnstation Jurf ed Darawish act of Abbevillian to lowerAcheulien typology; from the lowest beds of fluviatilc res 1 km SW of the railroad station of Jurfed Darawish ("horizon a")

I) retuschierter, spitzer Faustkeil; zeitliche Einstufung und Fundort wie Fig. 2 act of same typology and location as Fig. 2

kantiger, ringsum grob retuschierter Faustkeil mit knaufartiger Verdickung, Mou- ,,Acheulien Tradition"; ..Fundschicht b", fluviatile Konglomerate rund 4 m uber nt a" SW der Bahnstation Jurf Ed Darawish tact of Mousterian typology (showing ..Acheulian tradition"); from the fluviatile res 1km SW ofJurfed Darawish, approx. 4mabove "horizon a"(= "horizon b")

ser und Schaber einer groben Klingenkultur des alteren Jungpalaolithikums; auf iberflachen von fluviatilen Schottern, rund 1 km - 2 km SW der Bahnstation lurf h, „Fundschicht c" ilements of a primitive culture of the older Upper-Palaeolithic typology; from ot terraces of the fluviatile conglomerates approx. 1 km —2 km SW of jurf ed horizon c")

ser, Spitzen und Schaber einer mesolithischen Klingenkultur; auf Terrassen-Ober- Fig. 5, „Fundschicht c" lements of mesolithic (microlithic) typology, "horizon c", as Fig. 5

groBcrFaustkeil mit gerader Schneide und unretuschierter, seitlichcr Griff-Flache n bis hoheren Acheulien; Jebel Naqb el Aunat, W des Weges Dilagha-Gharandal tact of middle to upper Acheulian typology; Jebel Naqb el Aunat, W of the track liarandal

k windgeschliflene Faustkeile mit seitlichen Knaufcn in typischer Micoque-Form; ng von einem rund 0,5 km2 groBen Gebiet in einer Ausblasungsnache 60 km ENE iiion Mudawwara ugly wind-abraded artifacts of Micoque typology; collection from anarea ofapprox. ited within a large deflation plain 60km ENE oftherailroad station of Mudawwara, <>rdan