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Home , Hydrometra, Hydrometra stagnorum, Hydrometridae, Kastamonu Province, Nepomorpha

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A new faunistical record from (): Research Article stagnorum (Linnaeus, 1758) (: : )

İbrahim Küçükbasmacı

Kastamonu University, Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Biology, Kastamonu TURKEY E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACT:Heteroptera, the majority of which are terrestrial is a worldwide distributed group of inhabiting both terrestrial and aquatic and has an

important ecological role. The two infraorders, and , including the aquatic and semi-aquatic members of the suborder Heteroptera. The members of Hydrometridae family are one of the most distinctive heteropteran groups with their small stick-like insects with an elongate head and exceedingly slender legs. It has been reported 14 taxa from the infraordo Nepomorpha and Gerro- morpha in Kastamonu so far. In this study, a new faunistic record is shown for Kastamonu. Also, morphological diagnosis, , distribution in Turkey and Palearctic data of (Linnaeus, 1758) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera:

Hydrometridae) are given. Journal of the Journal Heteropteraof Turkey,of KEYWORDS: Heteroptera, Hydrometra stagnorum, new record, Kastamonu, Turkey

To Cite this article: Küçükbasmacı İ., 2020, A new faunistical record from Kastamonu (Turkey): Hydrometra stagnorum (Linnaeus, 1758) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Hydrometridae), J.Het.Turk.,2 (1):34-41 To link to this article: https://www.j-ht.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/V21-A5.pdf Received: April 14, 2020; Revised: May 1, 2020; Accepted: May 2, 2020; Published online: May 7, 2020

INTRODUCTION enormous range of strategies to adapt to Heteroptera, the majority of which are their environment. As a result, this group terrestrial is a worldwide distributed group has adapted to almost all kinds of habitats, of insects inhabiting both terrestrial and and thus, occurs at a high diversity in aquatic habitats and has an important aquatic and semiaquatic environments ecological role (Coulson & Witter, 1984; (Freitag & Zettel, 2012). Schuh & Slater, 1995; Naranjo et al., 2020 2(1),May Water bugs are found in a wide variety of 2010). Of the roughly 38,000 described natural habitats from temporary pools to of heteropterans around the large rivers and freshwater to tidal pools world, a little under 9% are aquatic and on coral reefs (Andersen & Weir, 2004). have nymphs and adults that live in the water (the majority) or on its surface, Heteropteran species are a significant usually in nonflowing habitats (Thorp & component of the aquatic fauna and play Rogers, 2010). This , display an an important part in littoral food webs

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(Nieser, 1975; Skern et al., 2010; Ghari, et al., 2013). Their peculiar appearance 2013). Water bugs are chiefly predators makes it very hard to confuse them with or scavengers, with most species feeding any other group (Gooderham & Tsyrlin, on a variety of prey including 2002). Many members are having an mosquito larvae and aquatic bugs of the extremely elongate body and appendages same or different species and play a which usually pale brown. All taxa have major role in aquatic ecosystems where the eyes far removed from the anterior they can serve as indicators of biological margin of the pronotum. Commonly quality (Andersen & Weir, 2004; Thorp & called marsh treaders or water measur- Rogers, 2010). They are beneficial to man ers, they range in length from 2.7 to 22 since many species prey on mosquito mm (Schuh & Slater, 1995; Gooderham larvae (Andersen & Weir, 2004). & Tsyrlin, 2002). Their most peculiar feature is their head, almost as long as The two infraorders, Gerromorpha and the thorax and with spherical postero- Nepomorpha, including the aquatic and medial eyes. The eyes are located about semi-aquatic members of the suborder halfway along the head. The antennae are Heteroptera (Andersen, 1995; Polhemus, longer than the head. The legs end in two 1995; Banbal & Fent, 2016). Gerromorpha tarsal claws that insert terminally. There or semiaquatic bugs are inhabiting the are both, macropterous and micropterous surface of both stagnant and running wa- specimens (Oscoz et al., 2011; Umar et ter, as well as some marshes, shores, and al., 2013). hygropetric habitats (Andersen, 1995; Andersen & Weir, 2004; Dursun, 2012). The members of the family Hydrometridae Members of the group have modifications, inhabit in quiet permanent water, in well- including specialized pretarsi, unwettable vegetated areas, or under overhanging body surfaces, and novel communication banks. (Thorp & Rogers, 2010). mechanisms, that enable them to thrive Hydrometrids live on the surface of the in this habitat (Schuh & Slater, 1995). water at the edges of wetlands, lakes, and Gerromorphans are widespread on all ponds, often hiding amongst vegetation continents except Antarctica and they are (Gooderham & Tsyrlin, 2002). Commonly predator-scavengers that feed with piercing the Journal Heteropteraof Turkey,of found in the pasture streams, often along and sucking mouthparts that are typical of the margins or in pools and they walk on predatory Hemiptera (Spence & Andersen, the surface film of the water and on 1994). The species of infraorder Gerromorpha that project above the water (Umar are genuinely predaceous and well et al., 2013). adapted to semiaquatic environments with being economical, biological and They are normally slow-moving ecological important as these species eats but can move rapidly when disturbed. tiddler and (for example Their slow movement and slender limbs aquatic insects larva) (Polhemus et al., allow them to blend in with vegetation on 1995). They show polymorphism in terms the water surface (Gooderham & Tsyrlin, of their wing structures and adults are 2002). Similarly, to the family , represented with wingless, short-winged they show a certain degree of tolerance to and long-winged forms. Nepomorpha are different alterations in the environment aquatic, mainly predators but some also (Oscoz et al., 2011). These insects are 2020 2(1),May show omnivorous habits (Andersen, predators. Most species lack wings or 1995; Polhemus, 1995; Banbal & Fent, have reduced winged forms (Thorp & 2016). Rogers, 2010). They feed or scavenge on small animals fallen on the surface of the The members of Hydrometridae family are water. Surface-dwelling are one of the most distinctive heteropteran one of their favorite foods (Gooderham & groups with their small stick-like insects Tsyrlin, 2002). with an elongate head and exceedingly slender legs (Schuh & Slater, 1995; Umar Both the family Hydrometridae and the

36 genus Hydrometra are found throughout and it is believed that this study will shed the World (Gooderham & Tsyrlin, 2002). light on the new faunistic studies in Hydrometra spp. are usually found on or wetlands of Kastamonu and Turkey. around quiet bodies of water and general- ly are associated with marginal vegetation MATERIALS AND METHODS but may also be found on damp rock walls. They can walk on the water surface This study was conducted based on the with great agility and apparent effortlessness samples collected on 19.04.2019 in Ilıca (Schuh & Slater, 1995). Waterfall Zara stream (Map 1) in Pınarbaşı district of Kastamonu province. The first comprehensive study on Gerro- The material was sampled from the water morpha and Nepomorpha in Turkey dates surface and waterfront with the help of a back to Hoberlandt (1952) in which he sweeping net. The sampled material was summarized all the available records from placed and kept in 80% ethanol contain- the country. The current Gerromorpha ing tubes. The materials were examined fauna of Turkey is represented with 9 and photographed under dissecting stere- genera and 27 species/subspecies within omicroscope in the laboratory. Poisson 5 families (Fent et al., 2011; Banbal & (1957), Schuh & Slater (1995), Cooke Fent, 2016). (2015) and Çerçi & Koçak (2016) were In this semiaquatic Heteroptera study, a used in identifications of the sampled new faunistic record is shown for material. The materials were deposited in Kastamonu. Also, morphological diagno- the collection of , sis, habitat, distribution in Turkey and Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Department Palearctic data of H. stagnorum are given of Biology (Kastamonu, Turkey).

based on literature and personal investigation

Journal of the Journal Heteropteraof Turkey,of 2(1), May 2020 2020 2(1),May

Map 1. The sampling station, where Hydrometra stagnorum (Linnaeus, 1758) samples are collected from Ilıca Waterfall, Pınarbaşı/Kastamonu (Satellite map: Google Earth Pro)

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RESULTS anterior margin rounded (Figure 1, B). Distance from the anterior margin of the Hydrometroidea Billberg, 1820 eyes to the end of the head, twice that of Hydrometridae Billberg, 1820 the posterior margin of the eyes to the base of the head. Posterior femurs Hydrometra Latreille, 1796 reaching the middle of the 6th abdominal Hydrometra stagnorum (Linnaeus, segment visible in females (Figure 1, C) 1758) them and the tip of the abdomen in males. Sternites of the 6th and 7th Material examined: Pınarbaşı-Ilıca Wa- abdominal segment of the female without terfall, Zara stream/Kastamonu, 41° tooth (Figure 1, D); Sternites of the 6th 39'17.00"N, 33° 8'29.78"E, 19.04.2019, and 7th abdominal segment of the male, 428m, 2♀,1♂. on both sides, a short tooth located near Morphological diagnosis: General color their respective anterior end (Figure 1, E- blackish brown (Figure 1, A); dorsal side F). Length: 10,5 mm.

of the abdomen dull. Clypeus truncated,

Journal of the Journal Heteropteraof Turkey,of 2(1), May 2020 2020 2(1),May

Figure 1. Hydrometra stagnorum (Linnaeus, 1758); A) adult female; B) head, dorsal view; C) abdomen and hind femur of female, dorsal view; D) the last three segment of the female abdo- men, lateral view; E) the last three segment of the male abdomen, lateral view; F) sternites of the 6th and 7th abdominal segment of the male, ventral view (Photo by İ. Küçükbasmacı).

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Habitat: 2012; Dursun & Fent, 2019) and Kasta- monu (this paper). Samples of this species were found in stagnant pools formed by large rocks Distribution in Palaearctic: Europe: near the Ilıca Waterfall (Figure 2). Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Distribution in Turkey: Crete, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, European Kazakhstan, European Turkey, , , Antalya, Aydın, Afyon- Finland, France, Great Britain, Germany, karahisar, , , , Bar- Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Liechtenstein, tın, , , , , Çanak- Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, kale, Çankırı, Çorum, , , Er- Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, zincan, Gümüşhane, Hatay, Iğdır, Ispar- Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia (ST), ta, İzmir, Kahramanmaraş, Kırklar-eli, Sardinia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Kırşehir, , , Muğla, Niğde, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine. , , Şanlıurfa, , North Africa: Algeria, Azores, Canary (Horváth, 1883; Fahringer, 1922; Lind- Islands, Egypt, Morocco, Tunisia. Asia: bergh, 1922; Poisson, 1925; Gadeau de Azerbaijan, Afghanistan, Asian, Kazakhstan, Kervılle, 1939; Hoberlandt, 1952; Ander- Armenia, Asian Turkey, Cyprus, Georgia, sen, 1995; Kıyak, 2000; Kıyak et al., Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kirgizia, Lebanon, 2004, 2008; Önder et al., 2006; Salur & Syria, Tadzhikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan Mesci, 2009; Fent et al., 2011; Dursun,

(URL-1). Journal of the Journal Heteropteraof Turkey,of

Figure 2. Sampling station, Ilıca Waterfall, Pınarbaşı/Kastamonu (Photo by İ. Küçükbasmacı) 2(1), May 2020 2020 2(1),May

CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION study, this species was recorded the first time in Kastamonu province. In this study, it is evaluated that the morphological description, habitat, distri- It has been reported 14 taxa from the bution in Turkey and phenology of the H. infraordo Nepomorpha and Gerromorpha stagnorum which collected from Ilıca Wa- in Kastamonu so far. Önder et al. (2006), terfall (Zara stream) in the Pınarbaşı dis- Fent et al. (2011), Küçükbasmacı & Kıyak trict of Kastamonu province. With this (2015) and Yazıcı (2020) reported that the

39 following taxa of Nepomorpha have been Consequently, Kastamonu aquatic and found in Kastamonu: Micronecta anatolica semi-aquatic Heteroptera fauna has not anatolica Lindberg, 1922, Corixa punctata been well studied yet. Here it has been (Illiger, 1807), Hesperocorixa occulta tried to contribute to the faunistically (Lundblad, 1929), Sigara limitata limitata works held in Kastamonu and Turkey.

(Fieber, 1848), S. nigrolineata nigrolineata (Fieber, 1848), S. lateralis (Leach, 1817), REFERENCES glauca glauca Linnaeus, 1758, N. obliqua meridionalis Poisson, 1926, N. Andersen, N. M., 1995, Infraorder Gerromorpha marmorea Fabricius, 1803. Popov, 1971-semiaquatic bugs. In: Aukema, B., Rieger, Ch. (Eds.) Catalogue of the Heterop- Also Fent et al. (2011), Dursun (2012), tera of the Palaearctic Region. Enicocephalo- Küçükbasmacı & Kıyak (2015), Yazıcı morpha, , Nepomorpha, (2020) reported that the following taxa of Gerromorpha and . The Gerromorpha have been found in Netherlands Entomological Society, Amster- Kastamonu: Velia saulii Tamanini, 1947, dam, 1: 17-114. Andersen, N.M., Weir, T.A., 2004, Australian Aquarius najas (De Geer, 1773); Gerris water bugs. Their biology and identification costae costae (Herrich-Schäffer, 1850), G. (Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Gerromorpha & costae fieberi Stichel, 1938, G. lateralis Nepomorpha). Entomograph, Vol. 14. Apollo Schummel, 1832. Books, Stenstrup & CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, 344 pp. No records of Hydrometridae family from Banbal, T., Fent, M., 2016, New Records of Kastamonu have been given so far. In this Gerromorpha and Nepomorpha (Hemiptera: study, H. stagnorum was recorded the first Heteroptera) Fauna of Turkey, Journal of the time in Kastamonu province. Entomological Research Society, 18(3), 121- 128. Çerçi and Koçak (2016) reported that H. Cooke, A.A., 2015, A review of the Hemiptera stagnorum which is much longer (9.00– of Great Britain: The Aquatic and Semi- 13.00 mm) than H. gracilenta Horváth, aquatic Bugs (Dipsocoromorpha, Gerromorpha, 1899 (7.50–9.00 mm). In this study, it Leptopodomorpha & Nepomorpha). Species was measured the length of H. stagnorum Status No. 24. Natural England Commis- as 10,5mm. sioned Report NECR188. the Journal Heteropteraof Turkey,of Coulson, R.N., Witter, J.A., 1984, Forest Ento- The Ilıca Waterfall originates from the mology: Ecology and Management, NY: steep slopes of Horma canyon and pours Wiley. 669 pp. its water from 10 m high into the lake. Çerçi, B., Koçak, Ö., 2016, Contribution to The surrounding of the waterfall is rich in the knowledge of Heteroptera (Hemiptera) humid forest with rich ground covered fauna of Turkey, Journal of , 4 with grass and bushes. It is located near (15), 1-18. the Çatak canyon, the Valla canyon, the Çoban, A., Aydınözü, D., 2016, Ilıca Şelalesi (Kastamonu-Pınarbaşı), Electronic Turkish Ilgarini cave and the Küre Mountains Studies, 11(18). National Park. The Ilıca Waterfall formed Dursun, A., Fent, M., 2018, Contributions to from the steep slopes of Horma canyon Nepomorpha (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) fauna pours its water into Zara stream which in wetland areas of Amasya, Turkey, Acta flows through the canyon (Çoban & Ay- Biologica Turcica, 31, 193–202. Dursun, A., 2012, Additional records of dınözü, 2016). The water of the small lake 2020 2(1),May formed by the Ilıca Waterfall continues Gerromorpha (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) and through the big rocks. Both the lake and redescription of Rhagovelia nigricans the pools formed between these rocks nigricans (Burmeister, 1835) from Anatolia (Turkey), Turkish Journal of Zoology, 36(5): 652–661. Heteroptera species to live. This study is Fent, M., Kment, P., Çamur, Elipek, B., Kırgız, a preliminary study on Kastamonu T., 2011, Annotated catalogue of Enico- aquatic and semi-aquatic Heteroptera cephalomorpha, Dipsocoromorpha, Nepo- fauna. morpha, Gerromorpha and Leptopodomorpha (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) of Turkey with

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Journal of the Journal Heteropteraof Turkey,of 2(1), May 2020 2020 2(1),May