An Instructional Sequence in Music Education Using Vocal and Instrumental Music of Five World Cultures
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1989 An Instructional Sequence in Music Education Using Vocal and Instrumental Music of Five World Cultures. Sophronia Lois Thomas Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Thomas, Sophronia Lois, "An Instructional Sequence in Music Education Using Vocal and Instrumental Music of Five World Cultures." (1989). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 4882. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/4882 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS The most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this manuscript from the microfilm master. U M I films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send U M I a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact U M I directly to order. UMI University Microfilms International A Beii & Howell Information Company 300 North Zoeb Road Ann Arbor. Ml 48106-1346 USA 313 761-4700 800 521-0600 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Order Number 9025844 An instructional sequence in music education using vocal and instrumental music of five world cultures Thomas, Sophronia Lois, Ph.D. The Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical Col., 1989 UMI 300 N. ZeebRd. Ann Arbor, M l 48106 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. AN INSTRUCTIONAL SEQUENCE IN MUSIC EDUCATION USING VOCAL AND INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC OF FIVE WORLD CULTURES A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The School of Music by Sophronia Lois Thomas B.M.Ed., The University of Southern Mississippi, 1975 M.M.Ed., George Peabody College for Teachers of Vanderbilt University, ]977 December 1989 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. CONTENTS LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS................................. iv ABSTRACT ................................................... v Chapter I. INTRODUCTION ................................... 1 Statement of the Problem .................... 2 Significance of the Problem .................. 5 Delimitations ................................. 8 Definitions of Terms ........................ 9 Method of Investigation ...................... 17 Development of Remainder of Report ......... 17 II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE AND PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS CONCERNING THE TEACHING OF MUSIC OF WORLD CULTURES IN MUSIC CLASSROOMS ............................. 19 III. THE FUNCTION OF MUSIC IN FIVE NON-WESTERN CULTURES ...................... 36 The Aborigines of Australia.................. 38 The Akan and Ewe of G h a n a .................... 49 I n d i a .......................................... 56 Indonesia...................................... 63 J a p a n .......................................... 71 IV. A CONCEPTUAL DESCRIPTION OF THE MUSIC OF FIVE C U L T U R E S .................... 78 Traditional Music of the Aborigines of Australia ...................... 79 Dynamics and T i m b r e ........................ 79 Texture and R h y t h m ........................ 82 Melody, Harmony, and F o r m .................. 85 Traditional Songs of the Akan and Ewe of G h a n a ........................ 89 11 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Dynamics and T i m b r e ......................... 89 Texture and R h y t h m ......................... 97 Melody, Harmony, and F o r m .................. 98 Classical Music or .India .................... 101 Dynamics and T i m b r e ......................... 101 Texture and R h y t h m ......................... Ill Melody, Harmony, and F o r m .....................115 Music of the Indonesian G a m e l a n ................ 123 Dynamics and T i m b r e ......................... 123 Texture and R h y t h m ......................... 127 Melody, Harmony, and Form ................ 131 Japanese Gagaku Music ......................... 134 Dynamics and Timbre ......................... 134 Texture and R h y t h m ......................... 140 Melody 14 2 H a r m o n y ...................................... 145 F o r m ........................................ 145 AN INSTRUCTIONAL SEQUENCE BASED ON A CONCEPTUAL DESCRIPTION OF THE MUSIC OF FIVE CULTURES.................... 150 Dynamics 151 Timbre 154 Texture 161 Rhythm 166 Melody 174 Ha rmony 1 82 Form 1 84 VI. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS 1 92 DISCOGRAPHY 199 BIBLIOGRAPHY 201 VITA . 210 111 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Example of an Aboriginal Melody .................... 85 Summary of Aboriginal Scale Types ................. 87 Arrangement of a Central Javanese Gamelan ......... 126 Slendro and Pelog Tunings ........................... 132 Seating Arrangement for A Kangen Performance . 140 Twelve Basic Pitches of Gagaku ..................... 142 Ryo/Ritsu Scales and Modes ......................... 144 Sho Chord Clusters (Aitake) ......................... 145 IV Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Thomas, Sophronia Lois, B.M.Ed., University of Southern Mississippi, 1975 M.M.Ed., George Peabody College for Teachers of Vanderbilt University, 1977 Doctor of Philosophy, Fall Commencement, 1989 Major: Music Education An Instructional Seguence in Music Education Using Vocal and Instrumental Music of Five World Cultures Dissertation directed by Professor Cornelia Yarbrough Pages in dissertation 208. Words in abstract 139. ABSTRACT The music of five non-Western cultures was incorpo rated in an instructional sequence for elementary grades (K)l-6. Traditional music of the Australian Aborigines and the Akan and Ewe tribes of Ghana, classical music of India, the music of the Indonesian gamelan, and Gagaku music of Japan were examined for the presence of musical concepts, the way each culture handles the concepts that are present, and the interrelationships that exist among the concepts. The music is described in terms of the musical concepts of dynamics, timbre, texture, rhythm, melody, harmony, and form. All of the concepts and their related percepts are organized into an instructional sequence of four levels. Listening examples which illustrate the concepts and percepts are also a part of the instructional sequence. This report investigated both vocal and instru mental music from Australia, Africa, India, Indonesia, and Japan. V Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Insight into a people's culture may be obtained by studying the music of that culture. Understanding the music can help to close the cultural void that often sepa rates one group of people from another. One idea in contemporary music education concerns the inclusion of the study, of music from various cultures in the general music curriculum. According to the Report of the Yale Seminar on Music Education , A large number of people recognize that . many ethnic groups both here in North America and on other continents possess highly sophisticated music cultures . Any program of music instruction in the schools that does not find a place for at least sample studies in depth of some of these cultures and their music is turning its back on one of the most compell ing realities of our time.^ The present report includes a listing and a conceptual description of samples of vocal and/or instrumental music from five world cultures which might be used profitably in classroom teaching.