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Epistemic Humility, Arguments from Evil, and Moral Skepticism
Jonathan L. Kvanvig c02.tex V1 - June 4, 2009 11:16am Page 17 2 Epistemic Humility, Arguments from Evil, and Moral Skepticism Daniel Howard-Snyder Many arguments from evil at least tacitly rely on something like the following line of thought: The Inference. On sustained reflection, we don’t see how any reason we know of would justify God in permitting all the evil in the world; ¹ FN:1 therefore, there is no reason that would justify God. The conclusion is frequently more nuanced: ‘‘it is very likely that there is no such reason’’ or ‘‘more likely than not’’ or ‘‘more likely than it otherwise would be’’. Some critics reject the premise: we do see how some reason would justify God. These are the theodicists. Others accept the premise but reject the conclusion: the evidence or non-evidential warrant for God’s existence is much better than the evidence for no justifying reason. These are the natural theologians and Reformed epistemologists. Some critics, however, insist that even if the premise is true and even if there isn’t better evidence or non-evidential warrant for God’s existence, we should For comments on previous drafts, I thank Michael Almeida, Nick Beckstead, Michael Bergmann, Rebecca Copenhaver, Trent Dougherty, Robert Epperson, Frances Howard- Snyder, Hud Hudson, Shieva Kleinschmidt, Christian Lee, Wes Morriston, Michael Murray, Robert Pasnau, Alexander Pruss, Michael Rea, John Schellenberg, Michael Tooley, Ryan Wasserman, Dennis Whitcomb, and three anonymous referees. ¹ Three notes in one. (1) The theistic God is the God in question here. At a minimum, this God has enough power and knowledge to prevent evil, and is unsurpassable in moral goodness. -
Downloaded from Brill.Com09/28/2021 10:21:45AM Via Free Access Nothing to Say About Race and Class? 117
Chapter 3 Nothing to Say About Race and Class? We should be judged, not by the errors we make but by what we make of our errors. annie sugier1 Critics should not construct for our subjects a historically impossible purity. jonathan arac2 [B]eaucoup de problèmes nous paraissent plus essentiels que ceux qui nous concernent singulièrement…. The Second Sex, 1:29 Summer 2006. I am traveling to Berlin to speak at a conference, “Black Euro- pean Studies in Transnational Perspective,” stopping for a month in Oxford on the way. Dragging three overweight suitcases stuffed with books and notes about Simone de Beauvoir, I land at Heathrow and find myself in a longer im- migration queue than usual (because England is playing in the World Cup), and I fall into conversation with two very young American women, recent col- lege graduates. One, who asserts gamely that she “works in improv in New York,” is coming “to study Shakespeare at the Globe”; the other, nervous and asthmatic, is emigrating, moving to (I think) Hertfordshire to get married and live happily ever after. She is carrying her wedding dress with eight-foot train in a monster-sized garment bag over her shoulder, and oozing anxiety about her prospective in-laws, who appear to have a great deal of money. “I’m from a humble background,” she explains to me, a total stranger. She’s from New Ha- ven, but she didn’t go to Yale … This isn’t going to work, I think, but of course 1 Colloque internationale, Université Paris Diderot Paris 7, January 2008. -
Exploration of Narrative Devices in Documentary Propaganda Across Different
Exploration of Narrative Devices in Documentary Propaganda Across Different Media Platforms Comparative Analysis of the USSR in the 1920s and Russia in the 2010s Kirill Chernyshov A Research Paper Submitted to the University of Dublin, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Interactive Digital Media 2018 Declaration I have read and I understand the plagiarism provisions in the General Regulations of the University Calendar for the current year, found at: http://tcd.ie/calendar I have also completed the Online Tutorial on avoiding plagiarism ‘Ready, Steady, Write’, located at http://tcd-ie.libguides.com/plagiarism/ready-steady-write I declare that the work described in this Research Paper is, except where other stat- ed, entirely my own work and has not been submitted as an exercise for a degree at this or any other University. Signed: Kirill Chernyshov Date: Permission to Lend and/or Copy I agree that Trinity College Library may lend or copy this research paper upon request. Signed: Kirill Chernyshov Date: Acknowledgements To my family and friends in different parts of the world for their support while being so far away. To my new friends here, flatmates, and classmates, for being there and making this experience so exciting. To Vivienne, my supervisor, for the fantastic lectures, positive spirit, and valuable guidance throughout the year. Summary In this research paper, two periods in Russian and Soviet history are compared in or- der to identify the differences in narrative devices used in the 1920s and 2010s. These two cases were chosen to analyse due to, apart from the fact that today’s Russia is a comparatively young direct successor of the USSR, that predictably causes some similarities in the people’s identity and values, there are some similarities in historical and political context of these two periods that were revealed in this paper. -
Epistemic Trust and Liberal Justification
EPISTEMIC TRUST AND LIBERAL JUSTIFICATION Definitive version published in The Journal of Political Philosophy 21 (2012): 179-199 Michael Fuerstein Saint Olaf College Department of Philosophy [email protected] 1. Introduction Reason-giving has arguably become the central concern of liberalism.1 A vast portion of contemporary liberal theorists endorse some version of the view that our political arrangements and uses of power must be justifiable to all citizens by good reasons.2 Call this the liberal principle of justification (LPJ). The motivation for LPJ has normally been given in moral terms. The obligation to provide good reasons to a universal audience – or at any rate to have good reasons available in principle – derives from an equal respect for the autonomy of all persons as rational beings. Reason-giving is seen as an essential route to securing free consent, and free 1 For valuable feedback I am grateful to Akeel Bilgrami, Alvin Goldman, Philip Kitcher, Joseph Raz, Daniel Viehoff, and several anonymous reviewers. I also benefited from an audience at the 2009 Workshop on the Epistemic Benefits of Free Speech and Openness at the University of Copenhagen, the members of Alvin Goldman’s Social Epistemology Seminar at Rutgers University, and an audience of my colleagues at Saint Olaf College. Portions of this paper, and especially Section Four, draw on Chapter Three of my Ph.D. thesis, “The Scientific Public: Inquiry in Democratic Society” (Columbia University, 2009). 2 Some prominent variations on the theme are Cohen 1989, Habermas 1996, Larmore 1987, Rawls 1993, Waldron 1987. 1 Epistemic Trust and Liberal Justification consent is understood to be essential to the legitimacy of state action.3 That is a crude sketch, at any rate, of how the argument goes. -
Contesting Philosophical Authority in the Belly of El Monstruo: a Case Study in Nonideal Political Theory and Epistemic Democracy By
Contesting Philosophical Authority in the Belly of El Monstruo: A Case Study in Nonideal Political Theory and Epistemic Democracy by David Eric Meens B.A., University of Colorado at Boulder, 2006 M.A., University of Colorado at Denver Health Sciences Center, 2007 A thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Colorado in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Arts Department of Philosophy 2012 This thesis entitled: Contesting Philosophical Authority in the Belly of El Monstruo: A Case Study in Nonideal Political Theory and Epistemic Democracy written by David Eric Meens has been approved for the Department of Philosophy Alison M. Jaggar Michael E. Zimmerman Date The final copy of this thesis has been examined by the signatories, and we find that both the content and the form meet acceptable presentation standards of scholarly work in the above mentioned discipline ii Meens, David Eric (M.A., Philosophy) Contesting Philosophical Authority in the Belly of El Monstruo: A Case Study in Nonideal Political Theory and Epistemic Democracy Thesis directed by College Professor of Distinction Alison M. Jaggar What is philosophical inquiry about, how does one do it, and what is it good for? This paper draws upon original empirical work and is, in part, an instance of what students of the social sciences, especially those engaged in qualitative approaches to research such as ethnography, will recognize as what Fred Erickson termed a “natural history of inquiry.” During the summers of 2009 and 2010, I spent about two months conducting research in collaboration with a small, independent community located in Itztapalapa, an impoverished neighborhood of Mexico City. -
Bienvenido León Y Michael Bourk (Eds.)
COMMUNICATION-SOCIETY.COM VERSIÓN EN ESPAÑOL HOME Review / GENERAL INFORMATION Bienvenido León y Michael Bourk (Eds.) ADVISORY BOARD Communicating science and technology through online video: researching a new SUBMIT A MANUSCRIPT media phenomenon BACK ISSUES Published by Routledge, New York (2018), 140 pp. DATABASE INDEXES CREATIVE COMMONS At the birth of the internet and the worldwide web, it seemed that human beings had discovered a new tool that SEARCHES would deliver bounties of knowledge previously unimaginable. Here were the channels for spreading truths about the world that would topple dictators, reveal corruption, democratize learning, and liberate people from ignorance, CONTACT US superstition, and propaganda. Of course, all of those things came to pass, to some degree. Meanwhile the powerful interests that benefit from controlling rather than liberating people, from concentrating wealth in a few hands rather than sharing it, and from discrediting science rather than harnessing its discoveries have transformed INSIDE C&S the internet into a swamp of misinformation, disinformation, and propaganda as well. Such is the context for this collection of 10 essays by leading scholars of online communication, which analyzes 826 online videos on three topics: climate change, vaccinations, and nanotechnology. The essays examine this new media genre from various perspectives: producers of content, audiences, distribution channels, video formats, narrative techniques, and producer objectives, among others, to evaluate its impact and effectiveness. Online science video takes many forms, ranging from three- or four-minute video blogs created for YouTube to full-length documentaries and TV series transferred to video with narration by such luminaries as Neil deGrasse Tyson, whose Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey series ran first on Fox television and the National Geographic Channel. -
NATURAL THEOLOGY, EVIDENCE, and EPISTEMIC HUMILITY Trent Dougherty & Brandon Rickabaugh Baylor University
NATURAL THEOLOGY, EVIDENCE, AND EPISTEMIC HUMILITY Trent Dougherty & Brandon Rickabaugh Baylor University Abstract. One not infrequently hears rumors that the robust practice of natural theology reeks of epistemic pride. Paul Moser’s is a paradigm of such contempt. In this paper we defend the robust practice of natural theology from the charge of epistemic pride. In taking an essentially Thomistic approach, we argue that the evidence of natural theology should be understood as a species of God’s general self-revelation. Thus, an honest assessment of that evidence need not be prideful, but can be an act of epistemic humility, receiving what God has offered, answering God’s call. Lastly, we provide criticisms of Moser’s alternative approach, advancing a variety of philosophical and theological problems against his conception of personifying evidence. I. INTRODUCTION One not infrequently hears rumors that the robust practice of natural theol- ogy — “proving” God’s existence and that the being so proven to exist has vari- ous important properties — reeks of epistemic pride. Paul Moser seems to be particularly apt to report a malodorous scent wafting from the pages of the likes of, say, Thomas Aquinas, Richard Swinburne, and, especially, that scoundrel Wil- liam Lane Craig.1 Moser often describes natural theology as “the height of human arrogance”2 and “prideful cognitive glory,”3 and the obtaining of such evidence of 1 Moser’s recommendation for Craig’s vast project of natural theology is that it, like all traditional natural theology, should be abandoned, so as not to “insult the intelligence or the rationality of the unconvinced theorists” (Moser 2014: 81). -
Inscrutable Evils, Skeptical Theism, and the Epistemology of Religious Trust
University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 8-2013 Inscrutable Evils, Skeptical Theism, and the Epistemology of Religious Trust John David McClellan [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss Part of the Epistemology Commons Recommended Citation McClellan, John David, "Inscrutable Evils, Skeptical Theism, and the Epistemology of Religious Trust. " PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 2013. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/2459 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by John David McClellan entitled "Inscrutable Evils, Skeptical Theism, and the Epistemology of Religious Trust." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in Philosophy. E. J. Coffman, Major Professor We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance: Richard E. Aquila, John E. Nolt, Carl G. Wagner Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) Inscrutable Evils, Skeptical Theism, and the Epistemology of Religious Trust A Dissertation Presented for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree The University of Tennessee, Knoxville John David McClellan August 2013 Copyright © 2013 by John David McClellan All rights reserved. -
Value Inquiry Book Series
Beauvoir in Time Value Inquiry Book Series Founding Editor Robert Ginsberg Executive Editor Leonidas Donskis† Managing Editor J.D. Mininger volume 348 Philosophy, Literature, and Politics Edited by J.D. Mininger (lcc International University) The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/vibs and brill.com/plp Beauvoir in Time By Meryl Altman leiden | boston This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided no alterations are made and the original author(s) and source are credited. Further information and the complete license text can be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ The terms of the CC license apply only to the original material. The use of material from other sources (indicated by a reference) such as diagrams, illustrations, photos and text samples may require further permission from the respective copyright holder. An electronic version of this book is freely available, thanks to the support of libraries working with Knowledge Unlatched. More information about the initiative can be found at www. knowledgeunlatched.org. Cover illustration: Simone de Beauvoir in Beijing 1955. Photograph under CC0 1.0 license. The Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available online at http://catalog.loc.gov LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2020023509 Typeface for the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic scripts: “Brill”. See and download: brill.com/brill-typeface. ISSN 0929-8436 isbn 978-90-04-43120-1 (hardback) isbn 978-90-04-43121-8 (e-book) Copyright 2020 by Meryl Altman. -
EPISTEMIC HUMILITY Jonathan S
VOL 70 ISSUE 2 Summer 2017 A publication of the Society of Clinical Psychology (Division 12, APA) CONTENTS PRESIDENT’S COLUMN 1 President’s Column: The News Makes Me Hurt The News Makes 5 Upcoming Society of Clinical Psychology Me Hurt: Clinical Webinars 6 Lead Article: Epistemic Considerations for Our Humility: An Overarching Educational Philosophy for Public/Political Climate Clinical Psychology Programs (Lilienfeld et al.) of Stigmatization 15 Ethics Column: Stress and Self Care Among Graduate Michael W. Otto, Ph.D. Psychology Students 17 Letter to the Editor: What In every National political election there are winners and losers, the Trump? and those who do not win are faced with having to cope with the 21 Division 12 Award Winners repudiation (by the majority of voters, or at least by the Electoral College) of some of their political values. This always happens, and 22 Division Nominations depending on the vitriol of the election and associated policy issues, 29 Previously Aired Society there are palpable and prolonged groans of dismay in either Red States of Clinical Psychology or Blue States depending on the election result. But this year is different. Webinars In the weeks following the Presidential Election in November, 2016, multiple media outlets reported a dramatic increase in hate-related incidents directed at a broad swath of our community: people of color, immigrants, Muslims, EDITORIAL STAFF LGBTQ individuals, and women. One source of this information was an Editor: Jonathan S. Comer, Ph.D. assessment of over 10,000 teachers, administrators, and school counselors [email protected] conducted by the Southern Poverty Law Center’s Teaching Tolerance project (Southern Poverty Law Center, 2016). -
The Oxygen of Amplification Better Practices for Reporting on Extremists, Antagonists, and Manipulators Online
The Oxygen of Amplification Better Practices for Reporting on Extremists, Antagonists, and Manipulators Online By Whitney Phillips EXECUTIVE SUMMARY MAPPING THE MEDIA ECOSYSTEM We live in a time where new forms of power are emerging, where social and digital media are being leveraged to reconfigure the information landscape. This new domain requires journalists to take what they know about abuses of power and media manipulation in traditional information ecosystems and apply that knowledge to networked actors, such as white nationalist networks online. These actors create new journalistic stumbling blocks that transcend attempts to manipulate reporters solely to spin a beneficial narrative – which reporters are trained to decode – and instead represent a larger effort focused on spreading hateful ideology and other false and misleading narratives, with news coverage itself harnessed to fuel hate, confusion, and discord. The choices reporters and editors make about what to cover and how to cover it play a key part in regulating the amount of oxygen supplied to the falsehoods, antagonisms, and manipulations that threaten to overrun the contemporary media ecosystem—and, simultaneously, threaten to undermine democratic discourse more broadly. This context demands that journalists and the newsrooms that support them examine with greater scrutiny how these actors and movements endeavor to subvert journalism norms, practices, and objectives. More importantly, journalists, editors, and publishers must determine how the journalistic rule set must be strengthened and fortified against this newest form of journalistic manipulation—in some cases through the rigorous upholding of long-standing journalistic principles, and in others, by recognizing which practices and structural limitations make reporters particularly vulnerable to manipulation. -
Pursuing Objectivity: How Virtuous Can You Get?
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Scholarship at UWindsor University of Windsor Scholarship at UWindsor OSSA Conference Archive OSSA 11 May 18th, 9:00 AM - May 21st, 5:00 PM Pursuing objectivity: How virtuous can you get? José Ángel Gascón Universidad Nacional de Educacion a Distancia Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/ossaarchive Part of the Epistemology Commons, and the Ethics and Political Philosophy Commons Gascón, José Ángel, "Pursuing objectivity: How virtuous can you get?" (2016). OSSA Conference Archive. 137. https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/ossaarchive/OSSA11/papersandcommentaries/137 This Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the Conferences and Conference Proceedings at Scholarship at UWindsor. It has been accepted for inclusion in OSSA Conference Archive by an authorized conference organizer of Scholarship at UWindsor. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Pursuing Objectivity: How Virtuous Can You Get? JOSÉ ÁNGEL GASCÓN Departamento de Lógica, Historia y Filosofía de la Ciencia Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia Paseo Senda del Rey, 7, 28040, Madrid Spain [email protected] Abstract: While, in common usage, objectivity is usually regarded as a virtue, and failures to be objective as vices, this concept tends to be absent in argumentation theory. This paper will explore the possibility of taking objectivity as an argumentative virtue. Several problems immediately arise: could objectivity be understood in positive terms— not only as mere absence of bias? Is it an attainable ideal? Or perhaps objectivity could be explained as a combination of other virtues? Keywords: bias, detachment, objectivity, self-knowledge, virtue 1.