DOCSLIB.ORG

Taxonomy and Life History of the Acropora-Eating Flatworm Amakusaplana Acroporae Nov. Sp. (Polycladida: Prosthiostomidae)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Taxonomy and Life History of the Acropora-Eating Flatworm Amakusaplana Acroporae Nov. Sp. (Polycladida: Prosthiostomidae) See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/225666939 Taxonomy and life history of the Acropora-eating flatworm Amakusaplana acroporae nov. sp. (Polycladida: Prosthiostomidae) Article in Coral Reefs · September 2011 DOI: 10.1007/s00338-011-0745-3 CITATIONS READS 22 467 4 authors, including: Kate A Rawlinson Andrew Gillis Dalhousie University University of Cambridge 18 PUBLICATIONS 483 CITATIONS 20 PUBLICATIONS 531 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE All content following this page was uploaded by Andrew Gillis on 13 February 2015. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Coral Reefs DOI 10.1007/s00338-011-0745-3 REPORT Taxonomy and life history of the Acropora-eating flatworm Amakusaplana acroporae nov. sp. (Polycladida: Prosthiostomidae) K. A. Rawlinson • J. A. Gillis • R. E. Billings Jr. • E. H. Borneman Received: 10 January 2011 / Accepted: 9 March 2011 Ó Springer-Verlag 2011 Abstract Efforts to culture and conserve acroporid corals notch at the midline of the anterior margin. Nematocysts in aquaria have led to the discovery of a corallivorous and a Symbiodinium sp. of dinoflagellate from the coral are polyclad flatworm (known as AEFW – Acropora-eating abundantly distributed in the gut and parenchyma. Indi- flatworm), which, if not removed, can eat entire colonies. vidual adults lay multiple egg batches on the coral skele- Live observations of the AEFW, whole mounts, serial ton, each egg batch has 20–26 egg capsules, and each histological sections and comparison of 28S rDNA capsule contains between 3–7 embryos. Embryonic sequences with other polyclads reveal that this is a new development takes approximately 21 days, during which species belonging to the family Prosthiostomidae Lang, time characteristics of a pelagic life stage (lobes and ciliary 1884 and previously monospecific genus Amakusaplana tufts) develop but are lost before hatching. The hatchling is (Kato 1938). Amakusaplana acroporae is distinguished capable of swimming but settles to the benthos quickly, from Amakusaplana ohshimai by a different arrangement and no zooxanthellae were observed in the animal at this and number of eyes, a large seminal vesicle and dorso- stage. We suggest that intracapsular metamorphosis limits ventrally compressed shell gland pouch. Typical of the the dispersal potential of hatchlings and promotes recruit- genus, A. acroporae, lacks a ventral sucker and has a small ment of offspring into the natal habitat. The evolutionary and ecological significance of retaining lobes and ciliary tufts in the embryo are discussed. Camouflage, high Communicated by Biology Editor Dr. Ruth Gates fecundity and possible dispersal dimorphisms probably K. A. Rawlinson (&) explain how Amakusaplana acroporae can cause Acropora Smithsonian Marine Station, 701 Seaway Drive, Fort Pierce, sp. mortality in aquaria where natural predators may be FL 34949, USA absent. e-mail: [email protected] Present Address: Keywords Coral predator Á Acropora-eating flatworm Á K. A. Rawlinson Polyclad Á Amakusaplana acroporae Á Intracapsular larva Á Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University 28S rDNA phylogeny College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK J. A. Gillis Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Introduction University of Cambridge, Anatomy Building, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK The interactions of polyclad flatworms (Platyhelminthes) R. E. Billings Jr. and their prey often come to light when the prey is of 9901 Jay Lane, Bristow, VA 20136, USA interest to humans. For example, predation of the bivalves Crassostrea rhizophorae and Mytilus galloprovincialis by E. H. Borneman Stylochus (Stylochus) frontalis and Stylochus mediterran- Department of Biology, University of Houston, Science and Research Building II, 4800 Calhoun Rd., eus, respectively, leads to increased mortality rates in these Houston, TX 77204, USA commercially important species (Galleni et al. 1980; 123 Coral Reefs Littlewood and Marsbe 1990). Similarly, coral biologists, crustaceans (Murina et al. 1995) and cnidarians (Kawaguti aquarists and conservationists are concerned by an 1944; Jokiel and Townsley 1974; Poulter 1975). While Acropora-eating flatworm (commonly referred to as some show prey preference, e.g. Maritigrella crozieri the ‘‘AEFW’’). The AEFW is found on several species (Crozier 1917) and Prostheceraeus roseus (Perez-Portela of Acropora in aquaria (so far reported or observed on and Turon 2007), little is known about prey specificity. Acropora valida, A. pulchra, A. millepora, A. tortuosa, Several polyclad species have been found living in various A. nana, A. tenuis, A. formosa, A. echinata and A. yongei— degrees of association with cnidarians (Table 1), but pre- Nosratpour 2008; R. Billings pers. obs.) and, if unchecked, dation has been inferred in only a few instances by the its corallivory can lead to the death of entire colonies presence of cnidae (nematocysts, spirocysts and ptycho- (Nosratpour 2008). Based on external morphology, the cysts) in the epithelium and/or gut (Bock 1922; Karling AEFW was identified as a Platyhelminthe of the order 1966; Poulter 1975; Holleman 1998). Polycladida and was tentatively assigned to the acotylean Knowledge of the life history strategies of polyclads is genus Apidioplana (Nosratpour 2008). However, to date, a the key to understanding their population dynamics and detailed morphological, histological and molecular analysis therefore may also be useful in managing their predatory of AEFW taxonomic affinity has been lacking. Whether the impact. Polyclads are the only free-living platyhelminth AEFW is as destructive an acroporid predator in the wild as clade in which members exhibit a gradient of develop- it is in aquaria is not known. However, given the threatened mental modes, from ‘direct’ development (i.e. embryos or vulnerable status of many of the AEFW-affected hatching as a benthic juvenile) through ‘intermediate’ acroporids (IUCN 2010) – and the importance of aquarium- development (i.e. intracapsular larva – larva with lobes and reared acroporids to the sustainable hobby trade, education ciliary band retained within an egg case, and hatching as a and reef restoration efforts (Yates and Carlson 1993; benthic juvenile – Kato 1940) to ‘indirect’ development Borneman and Lowrie 2001; Carlson 1999) – a careful (i.e. with a planktonic life history stage with lobes and study of the AEFW’s phylogenetic affinity and natural ciliary band, e.g. Go¨tte’s and Mu¨ller’s larvae). Indirect history is urgently needed. development has been described in both suborders of Polyclad flatworms prey on a variety of marine inver- polyclads – the Cotylea and Acotylea – while intracapsular tebrates, including molluscs (Pearse and Wharton 1938; larva and direct development have, until now, been found Littlewood and Marsbe 1990; Ritson-Williams et al. 2006), exclusively within the Acotylea (Smith et al. 2002). urochordates (Crozier 1917; Millar 1971; Newman and The aims of this study were to identify the AEFW Cannon 1994; Baeza et al. 1997; Newman et al. 2000), species using morphological, histological and molecular Table 1 Associations of polyclads with cnidarian taxa Polyclad species Cnidarian taxa (Order) Association Reference Notes Apidioplana mira Melitodes sp. (Alcyonacea) ? Bock (1926) Apidioplana okadai Melithaea flabellifera ?? (Alcyonacea) Unknown planarians Montipora sp. (Scleractinia) ? Kawaguti (1944) Lobophyllia sp. Stylophora sp. Hydroplana sp. Prosthiostomum (P.) Montipora verrucusa Obligate ectoparasite Jokiel and Townsley No cnidae observed in montiporae (Scleractinia) symbiont (1974) polyclad gut (Poulter, 1975) Stylochoplana tarda ? Karling (1966) Nematocysts in gut Stylochoplana inquilina Calliactis armillatus, Predator Poulter (1975) Nematocysts in gut (Actiniaria) Anonymus virilis ? Predator Karling (1966) Nematocysts in gut Anonymus multivirilis ? Predator Holleman (1998) Nematocysts in gut and dorsal epidermis Anonymus kaikourensis ? Predator Holleman (1998) Nematocysts in gut and dorsal epidermis Chromoplana bella Hydrozoa Predator Karling (1966) Nematocysts in gut Amyella lineata Hydrozoa Predator Bock (1922) Nematocysts in gut 123 Coral Reefs characters and to collect the first data on AEFW develop- Histoclear (National Diagnostics) for 24 h, infiltrated with ment and life history, as a foundation for future predator 1:1 histoclear/paraffin for 24 h and equilibrated in molten management efforts. We have determined that the AEFW paraffin for 24 h (all steps performed in a 60°C paraffin is a new species, belonging to the suborder Cotylea, the oven, with several changes at each step). Specimens were family Prosthiostomidae and the previously monospecific then embedded in fresh paraffin and left to harden at room genus Amakusaplana (Kato 1938). This species exhibits a temperature for 24 h prior to sectioning. Entire specimens number of interesting morphological and life history con- were sectioned in the cross- or sagittal plane at 6 lMona ditions – including intra-capsular metamorphosis – that rotary microtome. Sections were mounted on glass slides may represent adaptations to a corallivorous existence. and stained with Mayer’s haematoxylin and eosin Y as follows: 2 9 5 min in histosol (National Diagnostics), 2 9 2 min in 100% ethanol, 2 min in 70% ethanol, 2 min Materials and methods in 30% ethanol, 2 min in distilled water, 15 min in Mayer’s haematoxylin, 20 min in running tap water, 1 min in eosin Collection Y, 2 9 2 min in 95% ethanol,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • First Molecular Barcoding and Record of the Indo-Pacific Punctuated Flatworm Maritigrella Fuscopunctata
    First molecular barcoding and record of the Indo-Pacific punctuated flatworm Maritigrella fuscopunctata (Newman & Cannon 2000), (Polycladida: Euryleptidae) from the Mediterranean Sea Adriana Vella, Noel Vella, Mathilde Maslin, Linda Bichlmaier To cite this version: Adriana Vella, Noel Vella, Mathilde Maslin, Linda Bichlmaier. First molecular barcoding and record of the Indo-Pacific punctuated flatworm Maritigrella fuscopunctata (Newman & Cannon 2000), (Poly- cladida: Euryleptidae) from the Mediterranean Sea. J. Black Sea/Mediterranean Environment, 2016, 22, pp.119 - 127. hal-02151343 HAL Id: hal-02151343 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02151343 Submitted on 8 Jun 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. J. Black Sea/Mediterranean Environment Vol. 22, No. 2: 119-127 (2016) RESEARCH ARTICLE First molecular barcoding and record of the Indo-Pacific punctuated flatworm Maritigrella fuscopunctata (Newman & Cannon 2000), (Polycladida: Euryleptidae) from the Mediterranean Sea Adriana Vella*, Noel Vella, Mathilde Maslin, Linda Bichlmaier Conservation Biology Research Group, Department of Biology, University of Malta, Msida MSD2080, MALTA *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract A first record of the punctuated flatworm Maritigrella fuscopunctata (Newman & Cannon 2000) from Maltese waters in the Mediterranean Sea during marine research surveys in summer 2015 is reported in detail.
    [Show full text]
  • Metabarcoding Dietary Analysis of Coral Dwelling Predatory Fish Demonstrates the Minor Contribution of Coral Mutualists to Their Highly Partitioned, Generalist Diet
    Metabarcoding dietary analysis of coral dwelling predatory fish demonstrates the minor contribution of coral mutualists to their highly partitioned, generalist diet Matthieu Leray1,2,3 , Christopher P. Meyer3 and Suzanne C. Mills1,2 1 USR 3278 CRIOBE CNRS-EPHE-UPVD, CBETM de l’Universite´ de Perpignan, Perpignan Cedex, France 2 Laboratoire d’Excellence “CORAIL” 3 Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., USA ABSTRACT Understanding the role of predators in food webs can be challenging in highly diverse predator/prey systems composed of small cryptic species. DNA based dietary analysis can supplement predator removal experiments and provide high resolution for prey identification. Here we use a metabarcoding approach to provide initial insights into the diet and functional role of coral-dwelling predatory fish feeding on small invertebrates. Fish were collected in Moorea (French Polynesia) where the BIOCODE project has generated DNA barcodes for numerous coral associated invertebrate species. Pyrosequencing data revealed a total of 292 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTU) in the gut contents of the arc-eye hawkfishParacirrhites ( arcatus), the flame hawkfishNeocirrhites ( armatus) and the coral croucher (Caracanthus maculatus). One hundred forty-nine (51%) of them had species-level matches in reference libraries (>98% similarity) while 76 additional OTUs (26%) could be identified to higher taxonomic levels. Decapods that have a mutualistic relationship with Pocillopora and are typically dominant among coral branches, represent a minor Submitted 7 April 2015 contribution of the predators’ diets. Instead, predators mainly consumed transient Accepted 2 June 2015 species including pelagic taxa such as copepods, chaetognaths and siphonophores Published 25 June 2015 suggesting non random feeding behavior.
    [Show full text]
  • Platyhelminthes: Acotylea) in the Ryukyu Islands, Japan
    marine drugs Article TTX-Bearing Planocerid Flatworm (Platyhelminthes: Acotylea) in the Ryukyu Islands, Japan Hiroyuki Ueda, Shiro Itoi * and Haruo Sugita Department of Marine Science and Resources, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan; [email protected] (H.U.); [email protected] (H.S.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel./Fax: +81-466-84-3679 Received: 10 December 2017; Accepted: 17 January 2018; Published: 19 January 2018 Abstract: Polyclad flatworms comprise a highly diverse and cosmopolitan group of marine turbellarians. Although some species of the genera Planocera and Stylochoplana are known to be tetrodotoxin (TTX)-bearing, there are few new reports. In this study, planocerid-like flatworm specimens were found in the sea bottom off the waters around the Ryukyu Islands, Japan. The bodies were translucent with brown reticulate mottle, contained two conical tentacles with eye spots clustered at the base, and had a slightly frilled-body margin. Each specimen was subjected to TTX extraction followed by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Mass chromatograms were found to be identical to those of the TTX standards. The TTX amounts in the two flatworm specimens were calculated to be 468 and 3634 µg. Their external morphology was found to be identical to that of Planocera heda. Phylogenetic analysis based on the sequences of the 28S rRNA gene and cytochrome-c oxidase subunit I gene also showed that both specimens clustered with the flatworms of the genus Planocera (Planocera multitentaculata and Planocera reticulata). This fact suggests that there might be other Planocera species that also possess highly concentrated TTX, contributing to the toxification of TTX-bearing organisms, including fish.
    [Show full text]
  • First Records of Cotylea (Polycladida, Platyhelminthes) for the Atlantic Coast of the Iberian Peninsula
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 404: 1–22First (2014) records of Cotylea (Polycladida, Platyhelminthes) for the Atlantic coast... 1 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.404.7122 RESEARCH ARTICLE www.zookeys.org Launched to accelerate biodiversity research First records of Cotylea (Polycladida, Platyhelminthes) for the Atlantic coast of the Iberian Peninsula Carolina Noreña1,†, Daniel Marquina1,‡, Jacinto Perez2,§, Bruno Almon3,| 1 Dept. Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC). Calle Jose Gutier- rez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid. Spain 2 Grupo de Estudos do Medio Mariño (GEMM), Puerto deportivo s/n 15960 Ribeira, A Coruña, Spain 3 Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Canary Islands, Centro Oceanográfico de Canarias, Vía Espaldón, parcela 8, 38180 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain † http://zoobank.org/DD03B71F-B45E-402B-BA32-BB30343E0D95 ‡ http://zoobank.org/DFD934A4-AF1E-4A7E-A8F8-05C1F75887F3 § http://zoobank.org/1B36DC0B-C294-4FC7-85CE-1B0C7C658129 | http://zoobank.org/7C752276-FBC7-4B16-9203-936B1BC46224 Corresponding author: Carolina Noreña ([email protected]) Academic editor: D. Gibson | Received 21 January 2014 | Accepted 1 April 2014 | Published 22 April 2014 http://zoobank.org/D73FC0CA-E824-41CD-A18C-553BE2471DFE Citation: Noreña C, Marquina D, Pérez J, Almon B (2014) First records of Cotylea (Polycladida, Platyhelminthes) for the Atlantic coast of the Iberian Peninsula. ZooKeys 404: 1–22. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.404.7122 Abstract A study of polyclad fauna of the Atlantic coast of the Iberian Peninsula was carried out from 2010 to 2013. The paper reports nine new records belonging to three Cotylean families: the family Euryleptidae Lang, 1884, Pseudocerotidae Lang, 1884 and the family Prosthiostomidae Lang, 1884, and describes one new species, Euryleptodes galikias sp.
    [Show full text]
  • Parasitic Flatworms
    Parasitic Flatworms Molecular Biology, Biochemistry, Immunology and Physiology This page intentionally left blank Parasitic Flatworms Molecular Biology, Biochemistry, Immunology and Physiology Edited by Aaron G. Maule Parasitology Research Group School of Biology and Biochemistry Queen’s University of Belfast Belfast UK and Nikki J. Marks Parasitology Research Group School of Biology and Biochemistry Queen’s University of Belfast Belfast UK CABI is a trading name of CAB International CABI Head Office CABI North American Office Nosworthy Way 875 Massachusetts Avenue Wallingford 7th Floor Oxfordshire OX10 8DE Cambridge, MA 02139 UK USA Tel: +44 (0)1491 832111 Tel: +1 617 395 4056 Fax: +44 (0)1491 833508 Fax: +1 617 354 6875 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.cabi.org ©CAB International 2006. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronically, mechanically, by photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owners. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library, London, UK. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Parasitic flatworms : molecular biology, biochemistry, immunology and physiology / edited by Aaron G. Maule and Nikki J. Marks. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-85199-027-9 (alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-85199-027-4 (alk. paper) 1. Platyhelminthes. [DNLM: 1. Platyhelminths. 2. Cestode Infections. QX 350 P224 2005] I. Maule, Aaron G. II. Marks, Nikki J. III. Tittle. QL391.P7P368 2005 616.9'62--dc22 2005016094 ISBN-10: 0-85199-027-4 ISBN-13: 978-0-85199-027-9 Typeset by SPi, Pondicherry, India.
    [Show full text]
  • Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) from Cabo Frio, Southeastern Brazil, with the Description of a New Species
    Zootaxa 3873 (5): 495–525 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2014 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3873.5.3 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:687DC4E0-9B78-4AF0-9DD2-8B868E3B8EB5 Taxonomy of Cotylea (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) from Cabo Frio, southeastern Brazil, with the description of a new species JULIANA BAHIA1,2,4, VINICIUS PADULA2, HELENA PASSERI LAVRADO1 & SIGMER QUIROGA3 1Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Biologia Marinha, Laboratório de Benthos, Ilha do Fundão, 21949-900, and Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristovão, s/n 20940- 040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil 2SNSB-Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Münchhausenstrasse 21, 81247, München, Germany and Department Biology II and GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany 3Universidad Del Magdalena, Facultad de Ciencias Básica, Programa de Biología, Carrera 32 No 22-08, Santa Marta D.T.C.H., Colombia. E-mail: [email protected] 4Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Polyclads are free-living Platyhelminthes with a simple, dorsoventrally flattened body and a much ramified intestine. In Brazil, 66 species are reported; only three from Rio de Janeiro State (RJ). The main objective of this study is to describe and illustrate coloration pattern, external morphology, reproductive system morphology and, when possible, biological and ecological aspects of species of the suborder Cotylea found in Cabo Frio, RJ. Of the 13 cotylean polyclad species found, Pseudobiceros pardalis, Cycloporus variegatus and Eurylepta aurantiaca are new records from the Brazilian coast and one species is new to science, Pseudoceros juani sp.
    [Show full text]
  • Pelagic Larval Polyclads That Practice Macrophagous Carnivory
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.03.429620; this version posted February 3, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Pelagic larval polyclads that practice macrophagous carnivory George von Dassow1,* and Cecili Mendes1,2 1 Oregon Institute of Marine Biology, University of Oregon, Charleston, OR, USA 2 Laboratório de Diversidade Genômica, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil *corresponding author: [email protected] Running title: predatory pelagic larval polyclads Keywords: flatworm; macrophagy; planktotroph; life history; development bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.03.429620; this version posted February 3, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. ABSTRACT We report evidence that hatchling polyclads of several genera feed in the plankton on large prey. These ciliated swimmers, despite apparently lacking means to concentrate food or even detect it at a distance, subdue and consume fast-moving active-swimming plankters such as crustacean larvae and copepods, or molluskan veligers. We describe feeding events in captivity using videomicroscopy, and identify several wild-caught predatory pelagic polyclad larvae to genus or species level by DNA barcoding. Remarkably, one of these types is identified unambiguously with a species previously observed as Müller's larvae, which live as conventional planktotrophs on an inferred diet of small phytoflagellates. Therefore we conclude first that while so-called "direct-developing" polyclad flatworms may hatch with juvenile-like morphology, at least some of these are functionally larvae.
    [Show full text]
  • Mitigating the Impact of the Acropora-Eating Flatworm, Prosthiostomum Acroporae on Captive Acropora Coral Colonies
    ResearchOnline@JCU This file is part of the following work: Barton, Jonathan (2020) Mitigating the impact of the Acropora-eating flatworm, Prosthiostomum acroporae on captive Acropora coral colonies. PhD Thesis, James Cook University. Access to this file is available from: https://doi.org/10.25903/n8p7%2Dd341 Copyright © 2020 Jonathan Barton. The author has certified to JCU that they have made a reasonable effort to gain permission and acknowledge the owners of any third party copyright material included in this document. If you believe that this is not the case, please email [email protected] Mitigating the impact of the Acropora-eating flatworm, Prosthiostomum acroporae on captive Acropora coral colonies Thesis submitted by Jonathan Barton in May 2020 for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy College of Science and Engineering James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland Supervised by: A/Prof Kate S Hutson A/Prof David Bourne Craig Humphrey Dr Kate Rawlinson ii Front piece: Whole, live Prosthiostomum acroporae from the captive culture we established and maintained at SeaSim, Australian Institute of Marine Science. Approximate length 7 mm. Photo: JB and Matt Salmon Statement of the Contribution of Others Assistance Contribution Contributor Intellectual support Writing and editing Kate Hutson David Bourne Craig Humphrey Kate Rawlinson Statistical support Rhondda Jones Sally Lau Javier Atalah Financial support Stipend International Postgraduate Research Scholarship (IPRS) Research JCU IPRS AIMS (SeaSim) Cawthron Institute Travel AIMS Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, JCU Research Assistance Field Work David Bourne Bettina Glasl Paul O’Brien Tomoka Michimoto Lab Work Kate Rawlinson SeaSim Staff Rachel Neil Hillary Smith Julia Yun-Hsuan Hung David Vaughan Brett Bolte Philip Jones iii Statement of Contribution of Co-Authors The following chapters have been accepted, are in review or in preparation for publication.
    [Show full text]
  • The Life Cycle of the Acropora Coral-Eating Flatworm (AEFW), Prosthiostomum Acroporae; the Influence of Temperature and Management Guidelines
    fmars-06-00524 September 3, 2019 Time: 15:36 # 1 ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 04 September 2019 doi: 10.3389/fmars.2019.00524 The Life Cycle of the Acropora Coral-Eating Flatworm (AEFW), Prosthiostomum acroporae; The Influence of Temperature and Management Guidelines Jonathan A. Barton1,2,3*, Kate S. Hutson1,4, David G. Bourne1,2,3, Craig Humphrey2, Cat Dybala5 and Kate A. Rawlinson6,7,8* 1 Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia, 2 Australian Institute of Marine Science, Cape Cleveland, QLD, Australia, 3 AIMS@JCU, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia, 4 Cawthron Institute, Nelson, New Zealand, 5 Independent Researcher, Houston, Edited by: TX, United States, 6 Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 7 Wellcome Sanger António V. Sykes, Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom, 8 Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, United States University of Algarve, Portugal Reviewed by: As coral aquaculture is increasing around the world for reef restoration and trade, Ricardo Calado, University of Aveiro, Portugal mitigating the impact of coral predators, pathogens and parasites is necessary Ronald Osinga, for optimal growth. The Acropora coral-eating flatworm (AEFW), Prosthiostomum Wageningen University & Research, acroporae (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida: Prosthiostomidae) feeds on wild and cultivated Netherlands Evelyn Cox, Acropora species and its inadvertent introduction into reef tanks can lead to the rapid University of Hawai‘i at Manoa,¯ death of coral colonies. To guide the treatment of infested corals we investigated the United States flatworm’s life cycle parameters at a range of temperatures that represent those found *Correspondence: Jonathan A.
    [Show full text]
  • Biosystematics Berlin 2011
    BioSystematics Berlin 2011 21 – 27 February 2011 Programme and Abstracts 7th International Congress of Systematic and Evolutionary Biology (ICSEB VII) 12th Annual Meeting of the Society of Biological Systematics (Gesellschaft für Biologische Systematik, GfBS) 20th International Symposium “Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology” of the German Botanical Society (DBG) This work is protected by German Intellectual Property Right Law. It is also available as an Open Access version through the congress homepage (www.biosyst-berlin-2011.de). Users of the free online version are invited to read, download and distribute it. Users may also print a small number of copies for educational or private use. Selling print versions of the online book is not permitted. Nomenclatural disclaimer: This work is not issued for the purpose of biological nomenclature under any of the existing biological Codes. This is to make sure that names of organisms in this work, whose specific use might imply a formal nomenclatural act (e.g., new combinations, new names), do not enter biological nomenclature unintentionally and pre-empt intended publication in another work. Cover and congress design: Nils Hoff, Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin. Digital print: 15 Grad Druckproduktion, Berlin (http://www.15grad.de) Edited by (in alphabetical order): Thomas Borsch, Peter Giere, Jana Hoffmann, Regine Jahn, Cornelia Löhne, Birgit Nordt, Michael Ohl Published by the Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany. ISBN: 978-3-921800-68-3 2 Contents
    [Show full text]
  • Proceedings of the United States National Museum
    PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM issued ((^5(VHi., vFMl ^y ^' SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM Vol. 104 Washington : 1955 No. 3341 SOME POLYCLAD FLATWORMS FROM THE WEST INDIES AND FLORIDA By Libbie H. Hyman The polyclads collected on the Fish Hawk Expedition to Puerto Rico in 1898-99 and by the Smithsonian-Hartford Expedition to the West Indies in 1937 have been turned over to me for identification by the U. S. National Museum. There are further available four vials of polyclads taken by W. G. Hewatt in 1946 at Puerto Rico. These three collections furnish the basis for the present article and probably give a fair but far from exhaustive picture of the polyclad fauna of the West Indies. As technical terms and taxonomic categories are carefully defined in an extensive article of mine recently published (Hyman, 1953), it appears unnecessary to repeat these definitions here. Definitions will be limited to families and genera not repre- sented in that article. Order Polycladida Suborder Acotylea Section Craspedommata Family Discocelidae Laidlaw, 1903 Definition: Craspedommata without definite tentacles and with or without definite tentacular eye clusters; pharynx ruffled, medially located; copulatory apparatus close behind the pharynx; prostatic vesicle, when present, interpolated; typically with numerous small 321696—55 1 116 116 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM prostatic apparatuses in the wall of the male antrum and the penis papilla (when present) ; female apparatus with a Lang's vesicle. Genus Adenoplana Stummer-Traunfels, 1933 Definitiotm : Discocelidae with or without tentacular eye clusters; mouth behind the pharynx; gonopores separate; male gonopore with or without small accessory pore; with interpolated prostatic vesicle situated above the male antrum; penis papilla wanting; wall of male antrum with numerous prostatic apparatuses.
    [Show full text]
  • Systematics and Taxonomy of Polyclad Flatworms with a Special Emphasis on the Morphology of the Nervous System Sigmer Y
    University of New Hampshire University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository Doctoral Dissertations Student Scholarship Fall 2008 Systematics and taxonomy of polyclad flatworms with a special emphasis on the morphology of the nervous system Sigmer Y. Quiroga University of New Hampshire, Durham Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation Recommended Citation Quiroga, Sigmer Y., "Systematics and taxonomy of polyclad flatworms with a special emphasis on the morphology of the nervous system" (2008). Doctoral Dissertations. 449. https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/449 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SYSTEMATICS AND TAXONOMY OF POLYCLAD FLATWORMS WITH A SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON THE MORPHOLOGY OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM BY SIGMER Y. QUIROGA BS, Universidad Jorge Tadeo Lozano, 2003 DISSERTATION Submitted to the University of New Hampshire In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy In Zoology September, 2008 UMI Number: 3333526 INFORMATION TO USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed-through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion.
    [Show full text]