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A Cytological Study of the Costal Marrow of the Adult Horse and Cow M Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1945 A cytological study of the costal marrow of the adult horse and cow M. Lois Calhoun Iowa State College Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Animal Sciences Commons, and the Veterinary Medicine Commons Recommended Citation Calhoun, M. Lois, "A cytological study of the costal marrow of the adult horse and cow " (1945). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 13465. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/13465 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 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Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 / /' • • Table of Contents IKTRODUCnOH 1 HESTOHY 1 LITERA'IORE REVIE® 3 GROSS MD MICROSCOPIC MATOMY 01' BONE MiMfflW 7 MTlRIii. MD METHODS 9 Obtaining the Samples 9 Oxalate Tubes 13 Staining end Counting Technic 14 RESULTS 18 Blood Studies 18 Bone Marrow Studies 24 Terminology ....... 24 Myelograms S7 Description of cells , . S7 Mitosis 39 Myeloid-eryttroid ratio 40 Bone-healing process 41 Sempliag experiment . «... 41 DISCUSSIOM 44 . 63 LITEHATOEE CITED 66 iraOlflLEDGMMTS 86 PBOTOGBiSHS MD LMDS 87 r7^76 1 liJTBOIDCTION Importeat contributions hP.Te been mede to the microscopic anatomy of bone marrow in men, monkey, and ©aall laboratory snimels. A seercli of the literature failed to reveel eny similar reedily available studies on fe.mi gnimals. In view of the increasing importance of bone merrov; as a dlegnostic agent, and as s contribution to a field of histology relatively unexplored, this atudy of the bono marrot? of the horse and cow was under­ taken. fflSTORS: According to Michels (19318), Jen Swainraerdjaii first observed the red blood cells in 1658. Wiseman (1934) stated that hematology was first established as a branch of scientific medicine in 1770, but it was not until 1838 that Weber first saw nucleated red blood cells in man. Scott (1959) found that Eobin described nucleated cells of the red marrow in 1849, His­ torians such as Sabin il9S8), Michels (l931a) and Scott (1939) agreed with Strieker (1870) that Neuman (1868) was the first to associate blood forma­ tion vjith bone marrow, that Bizzozero (1868) confirmed his prork that seme year, and thet Claude Bernard reached the same conclusions the following year. They ell vioriced on human end rabbit msterial. According to Wilson (194:2) the bone marrow picture in pernicious sn®iila was first described by Pepper in 1875 and Cohnheim in 1876, Dosn (1939) felt-that real progress in hematology began in 1891 when Ihrlich reported the effects of specific dyes on the blood cells, Sabin (192£) imputed the fonaation of our knowl­ 2 edge of blood to Ehrlich. Wolff (1903) performed bone msrrow punctures on experimental animals. According to Scott (19S9) and fiintrobe (1942), Pianese executed a human marrow biopsy ia 1903. Shedini (1910) conducted similar clinical biopsies on bumsn subjects in 1908, These workers end their followers all used tibiel or femoral marrow end it iras not until 1923 that Seyferth (1923) first introduced a sternal trephine method. Arinken (1929) followed with the sternal puncture technic which hss become so popu­ lar 8t present. Classic among the early WDrks on bone marrow are: Pappenheim*s (1899) article which deelt vdth a general comparison of one type of bone marrow cell isith enother in various ages, using rabbits and one dog; Domi­ ni ci's (1901) papers on the straoture of the hmetopoietic system of msri- mels; DaatschsJsoff's (1908) thesis on the development of blood in the bird; Maximow's (1910) investigations including the embryonal histogenesis of the bone marrow of memmals; i'errete's (1916) treatise on hmatopoiesis end Sa- bin's (19S2) dissertation on the origin of the cells of the blood, 35'urther Eiommental publications on the subject of bone marrow include those of Schilling (19S5), Iskanazy (19S7) and Sabin (1928). Gilmour (1941) made a r^narkable contribution to the general subject of hujiian intra-uterine and neonatal heimatopoiesis. Plum (1936) said that Rudolph Wagner attempted to count the fomed elements of the blood in 1849 but that the first real count was made by Vierordt in 1852, Garrey and Bryan (1935) claimed that Nasse had been in­ terested in blood counting prior to 1842 and had •written a section on the subject in Wagner's "Eandworterbuch fier Physiologie," Plum (1936) attribu­ ted; the counting chamber to a Dutch investigator named Cramer working in 1855, •vsltli further modifications by Gower in 1877 end Mferow in 1884. In 1854 Welcher was using distilled water es s diluent for leucocyte counting •fa-ut Ttoma later discoTered that the addition of acetic acid reduced the emount of water necessary (Plum, 1936)< Potain introduced the pipette in 1887 (Garrey and Biyen, 1935), These seme historians credited the dexrelop- ment end precision of the pipette and cross-ruled chambers to Welcher in 1854, Abbe in 1878 end Lyon and Thoma in 1881. LiTERAi'usi: mnsn The study of hematology has only recently come to the front in veterinary medicine, Wittmann (1988) stressed its importance in the field of animal disease, veterinary surgery, and animal breeding. Hovfever, as early as 19Q6, Zunta, et made histological studies on the bone marrow of dogs at sea level, and on animals acclimated to higher levels, Notable contributions on the subject of nonnal monkey bone marrow have been made by Suarez, Diaz-Eivera and Eernandez4lorales (1943) and Stasney and Higgins (1936). Science is indebted to Alexendrov (1930), Fairmsn and WMpple (1933), Stasney end Higgins (1937), Mulligan (1941, 1945), Van Loon and Clark (1945), Iberl (1943) and Bloom and Meyer (1944) for studies on the bone marrow in the dog. In the first decade of this century .Kulbs (1909) worked on the development of bone marrow using the dog es en experisaentsl animal. Bloom (1944) compared blood and bone marrow in relation to pyometre in the dog, A variety of studies has been carried out on rabbit bone marro'# including the work of Lim, Sarkar end Broivn (1982) which entailed the estab­ lishing of the normal histological picture in a study of the effect of feed­ 4 ing thyroid, Sabin end Doan's (1927) worlc oa the bone marrow end blood in developing rabbits by Ssbin,^ (1936), the lymphocyte content by Yoffey and Pernell (1944), the distribution of bone marrow, bone and bone esh (Diets; 1944), end Jordan's (1920) study of the giant cells of the rabbit and guinea pig bone marrow. Sundberg end Bomiey (1942) compared the lymphoid cells of Ipiph nodes and bone marTOv? of rabbits and guinea pigs. Epstein end Tompicins (1943) used the guinea pig es an experimental snimsl in e com­ parison of techniques for the different!el counting of bone msirrow cells, louriquand, Hevol and Edel (1944) chose the feaiur as the site for e study of the myelogrem in nomal guinea pigs. Similar studies were mede by lair- man end Corner (1934), Milmsn, Listengarten and Surbanalievf (1934), Stesney and Higgins (1935), Kindred (1940) and (1942), Plum (194S) end Indicott and Ott (1945) on the albino rat. A noraial bone raerrow study on white mice xvss made by Petri (1934). Hammon and Enders (1939a and b), La-wenoe ^ a], (1940) and Eiser (1943) studied the bone marrovi in connection with infectious pan- leucopenia of cats, Corradetti (1934) studied the bone marrow of new bom cats in connection witii some work on the blood find bone merxow of healthy human beings, Gutig (1908) made e survey of the bone marrow in sisine while studying the morphology of the blood of the species. Do?a).ey (1915) used the adult guinea pig to determine the origin and development of both the eosino™ phil and the "hesnatogenous mast cell," Barbieri (1935) studied the altera­ tion of the bone marrow ia association with hepatic distomoniasie in sheep, Kingoen (1921) investigated the bone marrow of the sheep and pig to trace the origin of the eosinophil.
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