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Associated Letter Sign Specialty Descriptor conditions epigastric pain with Aaron sign surgery pressure on McBurney's point Graves' levator palpebrae Abadie's sign endocrinology disease superioris spasm Abadie's absence of pain on neurology tabes dorsalis symptom Achilles tendon pressure Abderhalden obstetrics pregnancy serum reaction;obsolete reaction infectious presence of arsenical Abelin reaction disease anti-syphilitic;obsolete quantitative cells and Addis count nephrology pyelonephritis casts in 24hr. urine dilated , poorly ciliary nerve Adie pupil neurology reactive but with normal damage near accommodation thoracic outlet obliteration of radial Adson's sign vascular surgery syndrome with manoeuvres neurology, Alexander's vestibular describes nystagmus in neurosurgery, law lesions vestibular lesions ENT tests for presence of vascular surgery, arterial supply palmar ulnar-radial Allen's test critical care[1] of the hand anastomosis (palmar arch) Apgar score obstetrics assess health of newborn Apley grind orthopaedic meniscal manoeuvres to elicit test surgery lesions pain Argyll neurosyphilis [ Robertson neurology light-near dissociation 2] haematology, folate lobulation of Arneth count nutrition deficiency nuclei extension of a blister to Asboe-Hansen dermatology bullae adjacent unblistered skin sign when pressed oestral reaction in mouse Aschheim– normal obstetrics injected with pregnant Zondek test pregnancy urine foci of interstitial rheumatology, rheumatic inflammatiuon in the Aschoff body pathology myocardium and elsewhere Ashby haematology, agglutination test for haemolysis technique pathology erythrocyte survival Associated Letter Sign Specialty Descriptor conditions Auberger's normal haematology Aua antigen blood group physiology Auenbrugger's pericardial cardiology bulging epigastrium sign effusion acute myeloid cytoplasmic inclusions Auer rods leukemia in punctate bleeding when Auspitz's sign dermatology psoriasis scales are scraped Austin Flint aortic mid-diastolic rumble cardiology murmur insufficiency heard at apex dorsiflexion of the hallux with fanning of abnormal the remaining phalanges Babinski sign neurology upon soft stimulation of the lateral plantar surface of the foot increase in heart rate Bainbridge normal cardiology with increase in reflex physiology circulating blood volume large chromosome puff RNA Balbiani rings genetics indicating site of RNA transcription transcription percussive dullness left abdominal/spl Ballance's sign general surgery flank, LUQ, percussive enic trauma resonance right flank pain on anterior, but not vascular deep vein Bancroft's sign lateral, compression of medicine thrombosis calf vertigo, nystagmus elicited by Bárány test ENT,neurology vestibular hot or cold irrigation of dysfunction ear canal paediatrics, Barlow's dislocation on adduction orthopaedic maneuver of hip surgery Loss of all four alpha- globin genes (total alpha-thalassemia) leads indicates a to severely anemic specific cause Bart Obstetrics, stillborn babies with of death in hemoglobin pathology small amounts of an some abnormal hemoglobin stillborns composed of four gamma sub-units (Bart's Hemoglobin) loss of muscle tone and Bastian–Bruns spinal cord neurology reflexes below lesion sign transection level Associated Letter Sign Specialty Descriptor conditions neurosurgery/tra basal skull Battle's sign mastoid ecchymosis umatology fracture dermatology, multiple, transverse ridges on Beau's lines internal including nails medicine trauma hypotension, increased cardiac central venous pressure Beck's triad cardiology tamponade (JVP), distant heart sounds , visible pulsation of Becker's sign thyrotoxicosis endocrinology retinal arteries spinal trauma neurology, caudal movement of Beevor's sign at T10, neurosurgery navel on cervical flexion als,fsmd stroking dorsal radial Bekhterev– pyramidal skin, with forearm in Jacobsohn neurology tract lesions supination, elicits wrist reflex and finger flexion Bekhterev– pyramidal toe flexion on percussion neurology Mendel reflex tract lesions of dorsum of foot Bence Jones multiple hematology protein myeloma Benedict diabetes reagent for presence of endocrinology solution mellitus monosaccharides Berger wave normal electroencephalographic neurology (rhythm) physiology alpha wave effect of Bezold–Jarisch pharmacology, apnea, bradycardia, certain reflex toxicology hypotension alkaloids lesions of Bielschowsky's neurology, test for palsy of superior cranial nerve head tilt test ophthalmology oblique muscle IV extension of the great toe pyramidal Bing's sign neurology on pricking the dorsum tract lesions of the foot with a pin quick shallow Biot's brain stem neurology respirations followed by respiration herniation period of apnea spots of keratin vitamin A Bitot's spots ophthalmology deposition in the deficiency comet shaped visual Bjerrum field defect,extending ophthalmology scotoma temporally from the physiological blind spot Blumberg sign surgery rebound tenderness Associated Letter Sign Specialty Descriptor conditions dermal hyperaesthesia Boas' point gastroenterology gastric ulcer just left of T12 dermal hyperaesthesia at acute Boas' sign gastroenterology inferior angle of R scapula unit of alkaline clinical Bodansky unit phosphatase chemistry concentration in blood ophthalmology, spasmodic ptosis on Boston's sign thyrotoxicosis endocrinology downward gaze bony outgrowths on Bouchard's rheumatology osteoarthritis dorsa of proximal nodes interphalangeal joints Bracht– infective yellow-white spots in the cardiology Wachter bodies endocarditis myocardium pressing on proximal Branham's sign portion of AV fistula results in bradycardia "false labour". sporadic Braxton Hicks normal contractions beginning obstetrics contraction pregnancy as early as mid 1st trimester dark red wedge shaped nephrology, Brewer infarcts pyelonephritis areas on kidney section pathology resembling infarcts plantar stimulation Brissaud's pyramidal neurology elicits contraction of reflex tract lesions tensor fasciae latae Broadbent L atrial systole palpable in cardiology inverted sign hypertrophy posterior chest wall adhesive recession of L inferior Broadbent sign cardiology pericarditis intercostal spaces developmental or other neurology, Broca aphasia pathology of expressive aphasia neuropsychology various frontal cortical areas superficial vein is percussed proximally; if Brodie– general impulse is felt Trendelenburg medicine, varicose veins over vein percussion test surgery distally, valvular incompetence is present Brodie– general identifies level of valvular B Trendelenburg varicose veins medicine,surgery incompetence test Brudziński neck neck flexion elicits hip and knee B neurology sign flexion Brudziński cheek pressure beneath zygoma elicits B neurology meningitis sign flexion of forearm Brudziński pressure over symphisis pubis elicits B neurology meningitis symphyseal sign knee, hip flexion and leg abduction passive flexion of knee to B Brudziński reflex neurology meningitis elicits flexion of contralateral hip and knee paediatric ventricular septal B Bruit de Roger loud pansystolic murmur cardiology defect frontal lobe difficulty moving feet in contact with B Bruns ataxia neurology lesions floor, tendency to fall backwards cerebellopontine angle tumor, nystagmus that coarsens in amplitude B Bruns nystagmus neurology vestibular on lateral gaze schwannoma Downs' syndrome ophthalmology, B or non- greyish-white spots at periphery of genetics pathological blue discolouration of the gingival B Burton line toxicology lead poisoning border lead poisoning, C hematology threadlike strands in erythrocytes anaemias gastroenterology, portal distended veins radiating from C Caput medusae surgery hypertension umbilicus aortic arch dilatation or cardiology, left displacement of trachea elicits C Cardarelli's sign aneurysm, thoracic surgery palpable pulsation of same mediastinal tumour Carey Coombs cardiology,rheum C rheumatic fever mid-diastolic rumble murmur atology supine patient lifts head from bed;↑ primary care, C Carnett's sign pain – abdominal wall ;↓ pain – surgery and/or pain intraperitoneal tricuspid increase in volume of murmur on C Carvallo's sign cardiology regurgitation inspiration pellagra (niacin widely variable collar of dermatitis C Casal collar nutrition deficiency) characteristically in c3,c4 dermatomes infectious intradermal injection of hydatid fluid C Casoni test disease, tropical hydatid disease causing wheal medicine C Celsus signs of various 1. Rubor (redness) 2. Tumor inflammation (swelling)3. Calor (heat) 4. Dolor (pain) pyramidal lesions, extension of big toe with stimulation C Chaddock reflex neurology corticospinal tract of skin over lateral malleolus lesions C Chadwick sign obstetrics pregnancy cyanosis of vulva, vagina and cervix ascending C Charcot's triad surgery , fever and chills, RUQ pain cholangitis nystagmus, intention tremor, staccato C Charcot's triad neurology multiple sclerosis speech any disorder characterized by Charcot–Leyden lysophospholipase crystals in various C pathology eosinophil crystals tissues proliferation, e.g. ascariasis Cheyne–Stokes respiratory center fluctuation between apnoea and C palliative care respiration damage tachypnoea Churchill–Cope distension of pulmonary vascular bed C cardiology heart failure reflex causes tachypnoea tapping over facial nerve elicits C Chvostek's sign endocrinology hypocalcemia abnormal muscle contraction(s) heart and/or breath sounds heard emergency blunt abdominal C Claybrook sign through abdominal wall indicate medicine, surgery trauma rupture of viscus congenital painless symmetrical hydrarthroses, C Clutton's joints paediatrics syphilis particularly of the oncology, Codman's orthopaedic osteosarcoma, C triangular subperiosteal growth triangle surgery, Ewing's sarcoma radiology whitish patches on gingiva and buccal C Comby sign paediatrics rubeola mucosa Orthopaedic triangular swelling corresponding to C Comolli's sign Scapular fracture surgery the outline of the scapula C hematology hemolytic anemia Coons detection of antibodies by C fluorescent immunology fluorescence microscopy using antibody method fluorescein-labelled antibodies scratching alongside big toe extensor pyramidal tract C Cornell's sign neurology tendon elicits an extensor plantar lesions response aortic carotid pulsations with abrupt C Corrigan pulse cardiology insufficiency ascending and descending phases , viral C infectious disease haemorrhagic eosinophilic globules in obstructive palpable gall bladder w/ painless C Courvoisier's law gastroenterology jaundice jaundice unlikely to be cholelithiasis C Crichton-Browne neuropsychiatry 'general paresis' tremor at corners of mouth and of sign outer canthus neurofibromatosis C Crowe sign dermatology axillary freckling type I Cruveilhier– Cruveilhier– C hepatology Baumgarten bruit around the umbilicus Baumgarten bruit disease intraabdominal ecchymosis around umbilicus predicts C Cullen's sign surgery haemorrhage onset of acute pancreatitis Curschmann C pulmonology asthma spiral mucus plugs found in sputum spirals raised intracranial elevated systolic bp, bradycardia, C Cushing's triad neurology pressure irregular respiration bimanual of foreign object Dagher penetrating pelvic lodged in pelvis with one digit in an D trauma surgery Maneuver trauma incision lateral to the anus and the other digit inserted in the rectum Dahlén–Fuchs sympathetic D ophthalmology nodules ophthalmia pigmented calluses on anterior surface D Dahl's sign pulmonology COPD of thighs (from leaning on ) ophthalmology, D Dalrymple sign thyrotoxicosis widened palpebral opening endocrinology (paediatric)surger ileo-cecal empty RLQ (retracted right iliac D Dance's sign y intussusception fossa) allergy,dermatolo urticaria D Darier's sign dermatographia gy pigmentosa characteristic fingerlike appearance of D Dawson's fingers neurology multiple sclerosis lateral ventricle on mri, ct, or at autopsy aortic D De Musset's sign cardiology head nodding in time with heartbeat insufficiency Dennie–Morgan accentuated fold below the lower D dermatology atopic dermatitis fold eyelid orthopaedic ecchymosis superior to inguinal D Destot's sign pelvic fracture surgery ligament, in scrotum or of thigh Benign Elicitation of extreme vertigo upon D Dix–Hallpike test Otolaryngology paroxysmal lateral movement of a patient's head positional vertigo when lying in a supine position various including basophilic inclusions in peripheral D Döhle bodies pathology trauma and cytoplasm of neoplasm reappearance of absent deep tendon Eaton–Lambert D Doi's sign neurology reflexes after short period of maximal syndrome muscle contraction increase in on D Dunphy sign surgery appendicitis coughing D Duroziez's sign cardiology aortic double bruit heard over femoral artery insufficiency when it is compressed distally (see Traube's sign) hypertensive E Elschnig spots ophthalmology retinopathy E Epstein's pearls paediatrics normal newborn cystic papules on palate percussive dullness, aegophony and pericardial E Ewart's sign cardiology bronchial breath sounds at L scapular effusion tip Yellow fever the unusual constellation of fever and F infectious disease tularaemia bradycardia others DeQuervain's F Finkelstein's test rheumatology tenosynovitis Forchheimer F paediatrics rubella small red spots on the soft palate spots anterior abdominal mass which does rectus sheath not cross the midline and is still F Fothergill's sign surgery hematoma palpable when abdominal wall muscles are tensed haemorrhagic ecchymosis of inguinal ligament F Fox's sign gastroenterology pancreatitis (blood tracks retroperitoneally) ischaemic heart ear crease indicating risk of heart F Frank's sign cardiology disease disease (disputed)

constrictive pericarditis, collapse of distended neck veins in Friedreich's sign cardiology tricuspid diastole insufficiency patient required to hold paper between thumb and palm (against F Froment's sign neurology ulnar nerve palsy attempt to withdraw);ability to do so is assessed Gallavardin dissociation of musical and noisy G cardiology aortic stenosis phenomenon elements in ejection murmur Gamna–Favre lymphogranuloma basophilic cytoplasmic inclusion G histology bodies venereum bodies due to Gandy–Gamna portal hypertension small yellow-brown foci in the G histology nodules and sickle cell spleen disease repeated extreme tension of extensor thickening of skin and tissue over G Garrod's pads dermatology tendon in interphalangeal joint interphalangeal joint G Gerhardt's sign controversial: see references G Goetz sign G Gonda's sign neurology pyramidal tract flexing then suddenly releasing the lesions 4th toe elicits an extensor plantar response softening of the vaginal part of the G Goodell's sign obstetrics pregnancy cervix during the first trimester gastroenterology, anatomical relationships, G Goodsall's rule anal fistula general surgery differentiation of fistula types pyramidal tract squeezing the calf muscle elicits an G Gordon's sign neurology lesions extensor plantar response Scaling, erythematous eruption or Gottron's G rheumatology dermatomyositis dusky red patches over the papules knuckles, elbows and knees G Gowers' sign [3] neurology muscular dystrophy pulmonary regurgitation murmur in Graham Steell patients with pulmonary G cardiology mitral stenosis murmur hypertension secondary to mitral stenosis Grey Turner's retroperitoneal G surgery flank ecchymosis sign hemorrhage Graves' lid lag of the lower eyelid on G Griffith's sign endocrinology ophthalmopathy upward eye movement AV "nicking" or "nipping" in G Gunn's sign ophthalmology hypertension hypertensive retinopathy oesophageal crepitus in sync w/ heartbeat but H Hamman's sign thoracic surgery perforation w/ not respiration pneumomediastinum pulmonology, pulmonary embolus wedge shaped consolidation at H Hampton's hump radiology with infarct periphery with base on the pleura line on barium meal indicating radiology, H Hampton's line peptic ulcer mucosal oedema associated with gastroenterology ulcer Hannington-Kiff absent thigh adductor reflex with H general surgery obturator sign positive patellar reflex Harrison's H internal medicine rickets rib deformity at the lower thorax groove tenderness behind angle of jaw paediatrics, H Hatchcock's sign mumps (typically before swelling is infectious disease evident) same as bouchard's nodes, but over H Heberden's node rheumatology osteoarthritis dip joints softening of cervical isthmus H Hegar's sign obstetrics normal pregnancy appearin between 4th and 6th weeks (usually) appearance of petechiae after H Hess test internal medicine capillary fragility compression of arm by bandage or blood pressure cuff Relief of pain at tumor site upon H Hildreth's sign dermatology glomus tumor vascular occlusion of limb, with acute return of pain on reperfusion H Hippocratic face palliative care impending death Hippocratic pulmonary H chronic hypoxia clubbing of distal phalanges fingers medicine corneal reflection centred (-) or not H ophthalmology strabismus centred (+) on pupil tapping distal phalanx of 3rd or 4th corticospinal tract H Hoffmann's sign neurology finger elicits flexion of same in lesions thumb hypertension, Hollenhorst coronary artery cholesterol embolus(i) of retinal H ophthalmology plaque disease, and/or artery(ies) diabetes deep venous knee bent, ankle abruptly H Homans' sign thrombosis thrombosis dorsiflexed, popliteal pain Hoover's sign neurology, lower extremity differentiates organic from non- H (leg paresis) psychiatry paresis organic etiology Hoover's sign inward movement of lower ribs H pulmonology COPD (pulmonary) during inspiration Howship– pain from an obturator hernia H surgery obturator hernia Romberg sign radiating to knee Hutchinson's H dermatology melanoma precancerous facial pigmentation freckle dilated pupil on the side of an Hutchinson's oculomotor nerve H neurology intracranial lesion due to IIIrd pupil lesion nerve compression Hutchinson's lesion on tip of the nose which can H ophthalmology herpes zoster sign presage ocular herpes zoster Hutchinson's small, widely spaced incisors with H pediatrics congenital syphilis teeth [4] notched biting surfaces Hutchinson's interstitial keratitis,nerve deafness, H pediatrics congenital syphilis triad Hutchinson's teeth infective palmar or plantar erythematous or J Janeway lesion cardiology endocarditis haemorrhagic papules Jendrassik compares patellar reflex w/ and w/o J neurology hyporeflexia maneuver distraction exophthalmos in lack of forehead wrinkling when J Joffroy's sign endocrinology Graves disease patient looks up with head bowed John Thomas various, including penile shadow points at affected J radiology sign [5] Reiter's syndrome hip (+) or unaffected hip (-) (2) myasthenia gravis or electromyography test using J Jolly's test neurology Eaton–Lambert repeated stimuli to show syndrome fatiguability in myasthenia criteria used to diagnose rheumatic J Jones criteria rheumatology rheumatic fever fever (1) finger held in slight flexion, (2) tenosynovitis of fusiform swelling, (3) tenderness orthopedics, K Kanavel's sign flexor digitorum along the flexor tendon sheath, and rheumatology tendon (4) pain with passive extension of the digit. Wilson's Kayser– neurology,gastroe ring of brownish copper deposit at K disease(hepatolentic nterology corneo-scleral junction ular degeneration) K Kehr's sign trauma surgery ruptured spleen referred pain to L shoulder visible response of ureter when K Kelly's sign surgery touched (means of identifying same) K Kerley lines radiology pulmonary edema , hip and knee fully flexed, extension meningitis, K Kernig's sign neurology of knee elicits pain and/or subarachnoid haemorrhage Koebner's K dermatology various conditions phenomenon Koeppe's granulomatous nodules at pupillary K ophthalmology uveitis nodules margin K Koplik's spots pediatrics Korotkov described 5 sounds. Only the first (the onset of audible sound,and corresponding to systolic Korotkoff auscultatory pressure) and the fifth (sound K cardiology sounds sphygmomanometry becomes inaudible,corresponding to diastolic pressure) are of practical clinical significance (however,see:Auscultatory gap) Kussmaul laboured deep breathing with K endocrinology metabolic acidosis breathing [6] normal or reduced frequency various, including increased jugular distension on K Kussmaul's sign cardiology right side failure inspiration intradermal injection of lymphatic pulmonary K Kveim test sarcoidosis extract from known sufferer; medicine obsolete Lachman orthopedic anterior cruciate modified anterior with L maneuver surgery ligament injury knee in less flexion softening of uterus; similar to L Ladin's sign obstetrics normal pregnancy Hegar's sign tricuspid L Lancisi's sign cardiology giant v-wave in seen in jugular vein regurgitation pain in sacroiliac area on sitting L Larrey's sign rheumatology sacroiliitis down on hard chair neurosurgery, lumbar disc lesions, better known as L Lasègue's sign orthpaedic test surgery Leopold's L obstetrics determination of fetal lie maneuver Leser–Trélat sudden onset of multiple pruritic L oncology malignant neoplasm sign seborrheic keratoses Leser–Trélat sudden onset of multiple pruritic oncology malignant neoplasm sign seborrheic keratoses myocardial patient clenches fist over chest when L Levine's sign cardiology infarction asked to describe pain lesions of cervical cord dorsal Lhermitte's columns or caudal electrical sensation down the back and L neurology sign medulla, MS, into limbs with neck flexion or extension chemotherapy, Behçet's disease For each fever degree Celsius an increase Liebermeister's internal L of 8 beats per minute in cardiac rule medicine frequency type I L ophthalmology yellow brown hamartomata on iris neurofibromatosis internal deep venous tenderness on percussion of antero- L Lisker's sign medicine thrombosis medial tibia infective L Litten's sign cardiology cotton-wool exudate in the endocarditis malingering due to automatic rise in the loudness of a L Lombard effect psychiatry simulated deafness person's voice when they speak in noise internal deep venous increased pain along vein with valsalva; L Louvel's sign medicine thrombosis proximal pressure prevents this Lowenberg's vascular deep vein immediate pain on inflating blood L sign medicine thrombosis pressure cuff around calf MacDonald sociopathic eneuresis, firesetting and animal torture M psychiatry triad personality disorder predictive of future criminal behaviour Macewen's neurology, hydrocephalus, resonance on percussion of fronto- M sign neurosurgery brain abscess temporo-parietal suture addiction feeling of moving foreign body under the M Magnan's sign cocaine dependence medicine skin infectious intradermal protein derivative – diameter M Mantoux test tuberculosis disease of wheal evaluated severe retinal Marcus Gunn ophthalmology, disease, lesion of Relative pupil dilatation when light M pupil neurology optic nerve anterior swings to the affected side to chiasm RLQ pain on dropping from standing on M surgery appendicitis toes to heels systolic blood pressure drop of M Mayne's sign cardiology aortic insufficiency >15mmHg on raising arm 2/3 of the way lateral on a line from McBurney's umbilicus to anterior superior iliac spine M surgery appendicitis point (corresponds to junction of vermiform and cecum) echocardiography finding of akinesia of McConnell's pulmonary M cardiology the mid-free wall of the right ventricle sign embolism but normal motion of the apex McDonald's M sign knee extended, valgus stress applied, leg M McMurray test orthopaedics meniscal tear rotated produces palpable or audible click Means–Lerman systolic heart murmur similar to M endocrinology hyperthyroidism scratch pericardial rub arsenic or heavy M Mees' lines toxicology transverse white lines across the nails metal poisoning cutaneous Mellignhoff's hyperbaric coughing or Valsalve accentuates the M decompression sign medicine venous markings of an erysipeloid rash sickness differentiates iron deficiency anaemia M Mentzer index hematology microcytic anemia from beta thalassaemia Improvement in cognitive function after Miller Fisher normal pressure M neurology withdrawal of CSF during lumbar test hydrocephalus puncture used to confirm diagnosis pyramidal tract forceful plantar flexion of the ankle M Moniz sign neurology lesions elicits an extensor plantar response M Möbius sign endocrinology thyrotoxicosis inability to maintain convergence of eyes Muehrcke's nephrology, hypoalbuminaemia, M paired transverse white lines on nail bed lines oncology chemotherapy transverse compression of the forefoot neurology, M Mulder's sign Morton's neuroma elicits pain in the distribution of the podiatry affected nerve patient attempts to breathe in with nose Müller's collapsed section of M pulmonology and mouth closed (opposite of Valsalva maneuver airway maneuver) M Müller's sign cardiology aortic insufficiency visible pulsation or bobbing of uvula Murphy's punch tenderness at the costovertebral M urology perinephric abscess punch sign angle hesitation on inspiration while gall M Murphy's sign surgery cholecystitis bladder is palpated inability to resist blinking when glabella M Myerson's sign neurology Parkinson's disease is percussed N Naegele's rule gynecology gestation method of estimating due date administration of morphine and dysfunction of N gastroenterology neostigmine reproduces sharp LUQ pain; sphincter of Oddi not in general use various, including mild shear stress applied to skin causes N Nikolsky's sign dermatology pemphigus vulgaris bullae to form O O'Brien's test coincidence of anterior cruciate O'Donoghue's orthopaedics, O knee injury injury,medial collateral injury and triad sports medicine meniscal tear aortic arch O Oliver's sign cardiology caudal movement of trachea with systole aneurysm O Oppenheim's neurology pyramidal tract irritation downward of the medial tibia sign lesions causes dorsiflexion of big toe pediatrics & congenital hip O palpable clunk on moving hip orthopedics dislocation cardiology, O Osborn wave emergency hypothermia positive deflection at QRS-ST junction medicine internal various, including painful red lesions on the pads of the O Osler's node medicine SBE and SLE fingers and plantar surfaces internal falsely elevated bp reading due to O Osler's sign atherosclerosis medicine incompressibility of calcified vessels internal pulmonary enlarged right descending pulmonary P Palla's sign medicine embolism artery on chest x-ray lines of confluent petechiae in skin P Pastia's sign pediatrics scarlet fever creases (associated with Scarlatiniform rash and strep pyogenes) P Patrick's test rheumatology sacroiliitis external rotation of the hip causes pain internal deep vein calf muscle spasm when raising the P Peabody's sign medicine thrombosis affected leg with the foot extended retrosternal mass arms elevated over head elicits facial Pemberton's P thoracic surgery with superior vena plethora, distended neck veins and sign cava syndrome inspiratory stridor Phalen's rheumatology, carpal tunnel 30–60 seconds of full forced flexion of P maneuver hand surgery syndrome wrist elicits symptoms palpable lateral bulge at tubal-uterine P Piskaçek's sign obstetrics normal pregnancy junction; present at 7–8 weeks onycholysis especially of ring and little P Plummer's nail endocrinology thyrotoxicosis fingers internal deep venous pain elicited by compression of posterior P Pratt's sign medicine thrombosis calf bilateral jugular vein pressure during Queckenstedt's Q neurology spinal stenosis causes sudden rise in maneuver CSF pressure Q Quincke's sign cardiology aortic insufficiency visible pulsation in ungual capillary bed Reynolds' ascending Charcot's triad + hypotension and altered R gastroenterology pentad cholangitis mental state R Riesman's sign endocrinology thyrotoxicosis bruit over of the eye radiology, gas outlines both mucosal and serosal R Rigler's sign [7] abdominal pneumoperitoneum surfaces of bowel surgery comparison of air conduction to bone ENT, neurology, R Rinne test hearing impairment conduction differentiates sensorineural audiometry from conductive deafness tropical R Romaña's sign Chagas' disease painless unilateral periorbital swelling medicine dorsal column lesions, cerebllar inability to maintain posture with eyes R Romberg test neurology lesions, alcohol closed intoxication vascular deep vein Warm, stiff feeling of skin when affected R Rose's sign medicine thrombosis leg is pinched Rosenbach's clinical colour produced on addition of nitric R bilirubinuria test chemistry acid Rossolimo's pyramidal tract percussion of the tips of the toes causes R neurology sign lesions exaggerated flexion of the toes ophthalmology, various, including retinal haemorrhages with pale centres R Roth's spots internal SBE and systemic seen at fundoscopy medicine vasculitides R Rovsing's sign general surgery appendicitis palpation of LLQ elicits pain in RLQ Rumpel–Leede petechiae seen after compression by R haematology capillary fragility sign tourniquet

scarring of the dorsum of one hand R Russell's sign psychiatry bulimia nervosa (contact with incisors when purging) deflection of retinal veins at right angle S Salus's sign ophthalmology hypertension junctions due to elongation or shortening of connected arterioles pyramidal tract squeezing the Achilles tendon elicits an S Schaeffer's sign neurology lesions extensor plantar response Schamroth's chronic S pulmonology, cardiology identifies clubbing of distal phalanges window test hypoxia affected areas of cervix fail to stain S Schiller's test gynecology cervical cancer brown with iodine solution pernicious anaemia, coeliac disease, S Schilling test internal medicine B12 radioassay; rare other malabsorption disorders keratoconjuncti vitis sicca, as in S Schirmer's test ophthalmology quantifies lacrimal secretion Sjögren's syndrome various physiatry, rheumatology, disorders of S Schober test quantifies lumbar flexion orthopaedics lumbar vertebrae area of hyperaesthesia over the right S Sherren's triangle surgery appendicitis lower abdomen supravalvular mitral ring, parachute congenital heart S Shone's complex cardiology deformity of mitral valve, subaortic defect stenosis and coarctation of the aorta malignant hyperpigmented sreaks parallel to S ophthalmology hypertension choroidal vessels Achilles tendon squeezing of calf fails to produce S Simmonds' test orthopaedics rupture plantar flexion S Sims–Huhner test reproductive medicine infertility determination of sperm count and motility in a sample taken from the cervical canal within an hour of intercourse various Sister Mary S oncology abdominal palpable lymph node in the umbilicus Joseph nodule [8] malignancies axial compression and rotation of cervical S Spurling's test neurology cervical spine to the side of symptoms causes pain infrequent and/or incomplete blinking, S Stellwag's sign endocrinology thyrotoxicosis accompanied by Dalrymple's sign subaortic systolic ejection sound ; stenosis, small S Still's murmur paediatric cardiology vibratory/musical; best heard at left Ventricular lower sternal border septal defect pyramidal tract sudden abduction and release of little S Stransky's sign neurology lesions toe causes extensor plantar response various, including reaction times for incongruent stimuli S Stroop test neuropsychology ADHD and (e.g., word red printed in blue) schizophrenia spastic pareses failure of abrupt passive flexion of the S Strümpell's sign neurology of the lower hip and/or knee to elicit dorsiflexion extremity and adduction of foot various white 'ground glass' nails;absence of T Terry's nails internal medicine including lunula hepatic failure Terry-Thomas Scapho-lunate Gap between the scaphoid and lunate T Orthopaedics sign dissociation bones on AP wrist radiograph Fixed flexion Supine patient flexes one hip whilst T Orthopaedics deformity of keeping other leg flat; back arches if hip flexion deformity is present Throckmorton's pyramidal tract pressure over dorsal big toe MTP joint T neurology reflex lesions elicits an extensor plantar response neuritis, T Tinel's sign neurology compression 'DTP' – distal tingling on percussion disorders seizure focal weakness for as much as 48 hours T Todd's paresis neurology disorders after seizure dull percussion sound over Traube's T Traube's sign various splenomegaly space inferior gluteal palsy, other Trendelenburg's T neurology causes of hip pelvic tilt contralateral to 'stance leg' sign abductors weakness T Troisier's sign internal medicine, oncology Various Enlargement of the left supraclavicular abdominal lymph node (=Virchow's node) malignancies, especially stomach cancer various Trousseau's sign malignancies, spontaneous thrombosis of multiple T internal medicine of malignancy including veins, including portal circulation pancreatic Trousseau's sign internal medicine, in hypocalcaemia, occlusion of T hypocalcaemia of latent tetany endocrinology brachial artery induces carpal spasm ↑ in neurological symptoms with Uhthoff's multiple U neurology exercise or other increase in body phenomenon sclerosis temperature patient walks in place with eyes vestibular U Unterberger test neurology, ENT closed;direction of rotation indicates lesions vestibular lesion on that side Various abdominal Enlargement of the left supraclavicular V Virchow's node internal medicine, oncology malignancies, lymph node (=Troisier's sign) especially stomach cancer Hypercoagulability, Hemodynamic etiology of V Virchow's triad hematology changes (stasis, turbulence) and thrombosis Endothelial injury/dysfunction softening of the uterine fundus at the Von Braun- V obstetrics pregnancy site of implantation at 4–5 weeks Fernwald's sign gestation ' lid lag'; immobility of upper lid on V Von Graefe sign endocrinology Graves' disease downward gaze epilepsy, short acting barbiturate injected in anatomical W neurology internal carotid; lateralizes language lesions of function cerebrum identify non-organic sources of low W Waddell's signs primary care, psychiatry chronic pain child pedestrian Head trauma, thoracic and/or W Waddell's triad paediatric trauma stuck by motor abdominal trauma, femoral fracture vehicle Watson's water aortic bounding forceful pulse elicited with W cardiology hammer pulse regurgitation postural manoeuvres Wellens' sign or severe stenosis W cardiology characteristic ekg changes warning of LAD pulmonary W Westermark sign pulmonology Area of oligaemia on chest x-ray embolism 1.symptoms associated with hypoglycaemia 2. measured low serum W Whipple's triad endocrinology hypoglycemia glucose 3. relief of symptoms with administration of glucose p.o. or iv white or greyish lines on the lichen W Wickham's striae dermatology lichen planus planus lesions W Widal test microbiology enteric fever serum agglutination; obsolete(?) Winterbottom's trypanosomiasi W tropical medicine posterior cervical chain adenopathy sign s Wolff–Parkinson– supraventricula W cardiology pre-excitation on ECG White triad r Wright's W maneuver sacroiliac pain on rotation of ilium and Y Yeoman's test rheumatology sacroiliitis extension of hip bicipital anterior shoulder pain with resisted Y Yergason's test orthopedic surgery tendinitis supination of the forearm