The Micro Foundations of Presidential Approval Peter K. Enns Assistant Professor Cornell University
[email protected] October 13, 2007 Abstract The \miracle of aggregation" has become the key to understanding how an unin- terested and uninformed electorate can produce systematic and responsive presidential approval. This paper, however, presents a set of theoretical considerations, which pre- dict that not only do the least informed contribute to aggregate measures of presidential approval, but that the most and least informed update their attitudes in tandem. To test this hypothesis of uniform opinion change, I analyze subgroup and individual level presidential approval with quarterly, monthly, and daily data. The results suggest a reconsideration of how we think about public opinion in the United States. Although subtle di®erences exist across information groups, all segments of the public translate economic and political information into their presidential evaluations. Peter K. Enns, Department of Government, Cornell University,
[email protected] previous version of this paper was presented at the 2007 Annual Meeting of the Amer- ican Political Science Association, Chicago, IL. I would like to thank Chris Anderson and Greg McAvoy for helpful comments and Matthew Martell and Patrick Healy for research assistance. This research received ¯nancial support from the National Science Foundation (Grant 0617156) and the University of North Carolina's American Politics Research Group. \Do you approve or disapprove of the way [the incumbent] is handling his job as president?" is the longest running and most frequent poll question asked to the American public. And answers to this question exert a tremendous influence on U.S.