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World Values Surveys and European Values Surveys, 1981–1984, 1990–1993, and 1995–1997

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World Values Surveys and European Values Surveys, 1981–1984, 1990–1993, and 1995–1997 ICPSR Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research World Values Surveys and European Values Surveys, 1981–1984, 1990–1993, and 1995–1997 Ronald Inglehart et al. ICPSR 2790 WORLD VALUES SURVEYS AND EUROPEAN VALUES SURVEYS, 1981-1984, 1990-1993, AND 1995-1997 (ICPSR 2790) Principal Investigators Ronald Inglehart et al. University of Michigan Institute for Social Research First ICPSR Version February 2000 Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research P.O. Box 1248 Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION Publications based on ICPSR data collections should acknowledge those sources by means of bibliographic citations. To ensure that such source attributions are captured for social science bibliographic utilities, citations must appear in footnotes or in the reference section of publications. The bibliographic citation for this data collection is: Inglehart, Ronald, et al. WORLD VALUES SURVEYS AND EUROPEAN VALUES SURVEYS, 1981-1984, 1990- 1993, and 1995-1997 [Computer file]. ICPSR version. Ann Arbor, MI: Institute for Social Research [producer], 2000. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 2000. REQUEST FOR INFORMATION ON USE OF ICPSR RESOURCES To provide funding agencies with essential information about use of archival resources and to facilitate the exchange of information about ICPSR participants' research activities, users of ICPSR data are requested to send to ICPSR bibliographic citations for each completed manuscript or thesis abstract. Please indicate in a cover letter which data were used. DATA DISCLAIMER The original collector of the data, ICPSR, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for uses of this collection or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses. DATA COLLECTION DESCRIPTION Ronald Inglehart et al. WORLD VALUES SURVEYS AND EUROPEAN VALUES SURVEYS, 1981-1984, 1990-1993, AND 1995-1997 (ICPSR 2790) SUMMARY: The series is designed to enable a crossnational comparison of values and norms on a wide variety of topics and to monitor changes in values and attitudes across the globe. This data collection consists of responses from WORLD VALUES SURVEY, 1981-1983 (ICPSR 9309) and WORLD VALUES SURVEY, 1981-1984 AND 1990-1993 (ICPSR 6160), along with data gathered during 1995-1997. Over 60 surveys representing more than 50 countries participated in the 1995-1997 study. The 1995 questionnaire retained those items that gave the most significant results from the 1981 and 1990 surveys. New topics pertaining to technology, social relationships, and parent-child relationships were added. Broad topics covered were work, personal finances, the economy, politics, allocation of resources, contemporary social issues, technology and its impact on society, and traditional values. Respondents were asked whether the following acts were ever justifiable: suicide, cheating on taxes, lying, euthanasia, divorce, and abortion. Respondents were also asked about the groups and associations they belonged to, which ones they worked for voluntarily, the groups they would not want as neighbors, their general state of health, and whether they felt they had free choice and control over their lives. A wide range of items was included on the meaning and purpose of life, such as respondents' views on the value of scientific advances, the demarcation of good and evil, and religious behavior and beliefs. Respondents were also queried about their attitudes toward religion, morality, politics, sexual freedom, marriage, single parenting, child-rearing, and the importance of work, family, politics, and religion in their lives. Questions relating to work included what financial and social benefits were most important to them in a job, the pride they took in their work, if they were happy with their current position, and their views on owner/state/employee management of business. Questions pertaining to the stability of the world economy, solutions for poverty, and whether respondents were happy with their financial situation were also asked. Respondents' opinions of various forms of political action, the most important aims for their countries, confidence in various civil and governmental institutions, and whether they would fight in a war for their country were also solicited. Demographic information includes family income, number of people residing in the home, size of locality, home ownership, region of residence, occupation of the head of household, and the respondent's age, sex, occupation, education, religion, religiosity, political party and union membership, and left-right political self-placement. UNIVERSE: Adults 18 and over in the mass publics of 60 societies representing more than 50 different countries around the world. SAMPLING: Both national random and quota sampling were used. The populations of India, China, and Nigeria, as well as rural areas and the illiterate population, were undersampled. NOTE: (1) In the data for 1981-1984 and 1990-1993, the wild codes were changed to undocumented codes. (2) The title of the series was changed by the principal investigators with the addition of the 1995-1997 data. (3) The codebook is provided as an Portable Document Format (PDF) file. The PDF file format was developed by Adobe Systems Incorporated and can be accessed using PDF reader software, such as the Adobe Acrobat Reader. Information on how to obtain a copy of the Acrobat Reader is provided through the ICPSR Website on the Internet. EXTENT OF COLLECTION: 1 data file + machine-readable documentation (PDF) + SAS data definition statements + SPSS data definition statements EXTENT OF PROCESSING: MDATA.PR/ DDEF.ICPSR/ REFORM.DATA/ REFORM.DOC/ UNDOCCHK.ICPSR DATA FORMAT: Logical Record Length with SAS and SPSS data definition statements File Structure: rectangular Cases: 168,482 Variables: 251 Record Length: 352 Records Per Case: 1 ICPSR PROCESSING NOTE The Principal Investigators were unable to collect documentation for all of the code values which appear in the nation-specific variables. Some of these values are labeled as ‘documentation not available’ or ‘undocumented code’ in the codebook. Users should note that some code values are not included in the codebook and others have no cases in the data file. The data file for this collection is based on questions asked in the 1995 wave of surveys. Not all questions from previous surveys were included in the 1995 questionnaire. For access to the complete surveys for earlier waves, users should consult WORLD VALUES SURVEY, 1981-1983 (ICPSR 9309) and WORLD VALUES SURVEY, 1981-1984 AND 1990- 1993 (ICPSR 6160). 1 2 WORLD VALUES SURVEYS, and EUROPEAN VALUES SURVEYS, 1981-1984, 1990-1993 AND 1995-1997 CUMULATIVE FILE FOR THE FIRST THREE WAVES Principal Investigators, Ronald Inglehart et al.* * The 1995-1998 surveys were coordinated by Inglehart, who also assembled and documented this three-wave dataset. The 1981-84 surveys were coordinated by the European Values Survey group and the 1990-1993 surveys were coordinated by the World Values Survey group and the European Values Survey group. The principal investigators in the individual surveys were Cesar Aguir, A.H. Ahmad, Ali Aliev, Rasa Alishauskiene, Vladimir Andreyenkov, Jose Arocena, Soo Young Auh, Lilijana Bacevic, Olga Balakireva, Kosta Barjaba, David Barker, Miguel Basanez, Elena Bashkirova, Jorge Benitez-Nazario, Alan Black, Marek Boguszak, Augustin Canzani, Marita Carballo de Cilley, Pi-chao Chen, Pradeep Chhibber, Hei-Yuan Chiu, Eric da Costa, Russell Dalton, Juan Diez Nicolas, Karel Dobbelaere, Mattei Dogan, Javier Elzo, Ustun Erguder, Yilmaz Esmer, Manuel Garcia Ferrando, Blanka Filipcova, Michael Fogarty, Luis de Franca, Christian Friesl, Yuji Fukuda, Ivan Gabal, Alec Gallup, George Gallup, Vladimir Goati, Anneke Greyling, Renzo Gubert, Linda Guerrero, Peter Gundelach, Michael Guo, Loek Halman, Sang-jin Han, Christian Haerpfer, Elemer Hankiss, Stephen Harding, Mari Harris, Gordon Heald, Felix Heunks, Simon Hug, Carlos Huneeus, Ronald Inglehart, Kenji Iijima, Ljubov Ishimova, J.C. Jesumo, Fridrik Jonsson, Ersin Kalaycioglu, Jan Kerkhofs, Hans-Dieter Klingemann, Renate Koecher, Ilze Koroleva, Marta Lagos, Max Larsen, Carlos Lemoine, Juan Linz, Jin-yun Liu, Ola Listhaug, Nicolae Lotreanu, Leila Lotti, V.P. Madhok, Robert Manchin, Mahar Mangahas, Carlos Eduardo Meirelles Matheus, Jovanka Matic, Robert Mattes, Anna Melich, Gustavo Mendez, Rafael Mendizabal, Subhasa Misra, Jose Molina, Ruud de Moor, Alejandro Moreno, Johann Mouton, Neil Nevitte, Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann, Stefan Olafsson, Francisco Andres Orizo, Merab Pachulia, R. C. Pandit, Dragomir Pantic, Juhani Pehkonen, Thorleif Petterson, Gevork Pogosian, Bi Puranen, Vesna Pusic, Jacques-Rene Rabier, Andrei Raichev, Vladimir Rak, Helene Riffault, Ole Riis, Angel Rivera-Ortiz, Catalina Romero, Andrus Saar, Pascal Sciarini, Renata Siemienska, Kancho Stoichev, John Sudarsky, Farooq Tanwir, Kareem Tejumola, Noel Timms, Mikk Titma, Antony Todorov, Jose Ramon Torregrossa, Alfredo Torres, Niko Tos, Jorge Vala, Julio Valerion, Andrei Vardomatski, Jose Luis Veira Veira, Marcus Villaman, Friedrich Welsch, Christine Woessner, Robert Worcester, Jiang Xingrong, Vladimir Yadov, Seiko Yamazaki, Catalin Zamfir, Brigita Zepa, Xiang Zongde, Josefina Zaiter, and Paul Zulehner. The institutional affiliation of each of the investigators appears inside. 3 This combined dataset follows the format of the 1995-1997 WVS, and contains all variables from the two earlier waves that were included in the 1995-1997
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