December 10, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 38967 for the purpose of taking testimony on PROGRAM if there be any such votes, a vote will rules and regulations for the administra­ Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, occur on a motion by Mr. ALLEN to table tion of the Johnson-O'Malley program, the Senate will convene at 9 a.m. to­ the amendment by Mr. HUGH SCOTT. If and along with the Joint Committee on morrow. After the two leaders or their that vote fails, there will be 30 minutes Atomic Energy be authorized to meet for designees have been recognized under for debate on the amendment by Mr. a joint hearing on the nomination of Dr. the standing order, the Senate will pro­ HELMS, and a vote will then occur on Robert Seamans. Further, that the Gov­ ceed to the consideration of S. 1988, the that amendment. ernment Operations Committee have so-called 200-mile limit bill. There is a If that vote fails, there will be 30 min­ permission to meet tomorrow, Decem­ time agreement on that bill. Any votes utes on an amendment by Mr. BEALL, ber 11, to conduct a hearing on a GAO on amendments thereto, or any vote on after which a vote will occur on the report; and that the Commerce Commit­ final passage of that bill, will not occur amendment by Mr. BEALL. What happens tee have permission to meet on Wednes­ prior to the hour of 3: 30 p.m. tomorrow. thereafter is unclear at the present mo­ day, December 11. Also, that the Judi­ After the time for debate on the bill ment, but suffice it to say that several ciary Committee have permission to meet and amendments thereto has expired, roll call votes are expected tomorrow. on Thursday, December 12 to consider the Senate tomorrow will proceed to the nominations on Federal judgeships consideration of H.R. 14449, the so-called which were announced in the RECORD of OEO bill. There is a time agreement on December 5, and, further, that the Bud­ ADJOURNMENT TO 9 A.M. that bill also. Rollcall votes are expected TOMORROW get Committee have permission to meet to occur on amendments to that bill to­ on Wednesday, December 11, Thursday, morrow. I should make it clear that if Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, December 12, and Friday, December 13. any rollcall votes are ordered on amend­ if there be no further business to come I also ask unanimous consent that the Committee on Foreign Relations be au­ ments to the OEO bill, there is no order before the Senate, I move, in accordance thorized to meet on Thursday, Decem­ to the effect that they will be delayed with the previous order, that the Senate ber 12, on nominations and treaties, and until 3:30. Rollcall votes on such amend­ stand in adjournment until the hour of that the Committee on Banking, Housing ments may occur when the time on any 9 a.m. tomorrow. and Urban Affairs be permitted to meet such amendments expires. The final vote The motion was agreed to; and at 5: 58 tomorrow, December 11, on certain leg­ on H.R. 14449 will not occur until the p.m., the Senate adjourned until tomor­ islation and a nomination. hour of 10: 30 a.m. on Friday. row, Wednesday, December 11, 1974, at The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without At no later than the hour of 1: 30 p.m. 9a.m. objection, it is so ordered. tomorrow, the Senate will resume con­ Mr. ROBERT c. BYRD. Mr. Presi­ sideration of the amendment by Mr. dent, I suggest the absence of a quorum. HELMS to the amendment by Mr. HUGH CONFIRMATION The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk SCOTT to the amendment No. 17 in dis­ will call the roll. Executive nomination confirmed by The second assistant legislative clerk agreement, supplemental appropriations bill. At the conclusion of 2 hours of de­ the Senate December 10, 1974: proceeded to call the roll. VICE PRESIDENT 01' THE UNITED STATES Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, bate, to wit, 3: 30, the vote will occur then on the bill S. 1988 and amendments Pursuant to the provisions of section 2 I ask unanimous consent that the order of the 25th amendment to the Constitution for the quorum call be rescinded. thereto. of the United States, Nelson A. Rockefeller, The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Immediately following those votes, of New York, to be the Vice President of the objection, it is so ordered. which will be stacked up back to back United States.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

BLACKBmDS ARE EVERYONE'S It's too muddy for him to harvest his site. They are a detriment to the well-being PROBLEM crop; so the fat, pudgy birds are doing it for of man and animal. him, nonprofit of course. "If it doesn't dry It is time everyone became involved. Be­ up soon so I can get my combine in the field, cause one way or another the birds will cost HON. ED JONES there won't be anything left for me," he said. you too. OF TENNESSEE Mr. Tidwell has used tinfoil piepan re­ If they don't make you sick with some IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES flectors and other devices to scare the birds illness; if they don't cause your grocery away from his. field, but nothing works. bill to become higher; then ultimately, your Monday, December 9, 1974 "They (the birds) aren't even sea.red of me," car will be next. Mr. JONES of Tennessee. Mr. Speak- . he said. "You can drive right up to them." We commend the army for their efforts to B1lly Allison of Atwood, reportedly is hav­ thin out the pesky devils. They have the er, at the Milan Army Ammunition Plant ing the same trouble with a crop of winter support of the local community. in Milan, Tenn., several million black­ wheat. We pity the others who are totally ig­ birds, virtually all starlings, are roosting In the Salem Community, Denton Fly said norant of the problem, and to each of them for the winter once again. the birds ate at least 500 bushels of corn on we beseech a. towsackful of birds for Christ­ At dusk the birds literally darken the the old Jones Farm before it could be har­ mas. (BP)" sky because of their large numbers. It is vested. At $3.50 per bushel, those birds be­ : regret that the CONGRESSIONAL REC­ come mighty expensive. ORD cannot reproduce the two photos needless to say that those birds consti­ Last year, hundreds of hogs died in the tute a genuine pestilence to the people Milan area from intestinal disorders after which accompanied these remarks. In of the area, especially the farmers, yet birds flocks had descended on feedlots-­ one is shown a typical ear of corn from they are unable to protect themselves bold enough to compete with the larger a nearby farm. At least 75 percent of the because the roosts are located on the beasts-for grain. kernels have been eaten by the birds. Army's property. Blackbirds are everyone's problem. The owner estimates his losses to the Following is the lead item on the front Besides, the disease potential to man and birds this year at 500 bushels of corn. page of the Milan Mirror of December animal, they are cutting into the nation's The other photo shows a milo field food supply, greatly reducing the yield of 4, 1974. grains-which eventually leads to higher which can hardly be seen because of the While the bureaucracy of environmental­ prices on the food table. blur of blackbirds. This 15-acre milo ists fumes in Washington, delaying any field will probably be lost entirely to the action on getting rid of the pests, millions, With all the current outcry of world food birds because the weather has delayed yes millions, of blackbirds are presently eat­ shortages, it seems ironic that a govern­ ment would. point a finger to farmers for harvesting. ing up tons of precious foodstuffs each day, Mr. · spreading disease, and spotting automobiles. more food production and at the same time Speaker, I submit that the most In the Terry Community, just east of Area permit a bunch of bird biddies to perpetu­ overlooked species in the environment Q at Milan Arsenal, the plague of birds is ate an eternal flow of masses of dirty, smelly, of the Milan, Tenn., area is man. To pro­ literally eating up F . . M. Tid.well's 16 acres feed-stealing, lousy :t:ouls · (Fowls) that are tect the pestilence at tne expense of man of mllo. , not helping man or animal-j\lst the oppo- is not only foolish,' but. costly and liaz- 38968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 10, 1974 ardous as well. I cannot understand how breakthrough in producing methanol (wood respectively. We understand that the House groups located thousands of miles away alcohol) from any fibrous material such a.s ts scheduled to consider these bills on Tues­ should be permitted to block the Army's wood, leaves, garbage and waste paper-at a day, December 3, under suspension of the attempt to protect the people in the vi­ cost of 20 cents per gallon. Race cars run on rules. methanol~and so could an adaptable new With regard to H.R. 1 7084, I would first cinity. engine. like to emphasize our concern about author­ At the end of WW II, running short of gas, ization levels. We recognize that H.R. 17084 the Germans mixed methanol with gas for authorizes amounts lower than the ones BURNS' BAD ADVICE their fighters. Last week, the Massachusetts originally considered by the Subcommittee Institute of Technology picked up the 30 on Public Health and Environment. While year German experiment and found that 30 this is helpful, given the vigorous efforts per cent alcohol mixture with gas gave a. car which must be made to scale down Federal HOM. G. WILLIAM WHITEHURST more mileage with 13 per cent less fuel con­ spend•ing, authorizations levels in this bill sumption, and less pollution-for unlike gas, are simply too high and should be reduced. OF VmGINIA alcohol does not produce carbon monoxide. Attached is a table which sets forth the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Aviation experts found that jet engines President's 1975 Budget, the a.mounts pro­ Monday, December 9, 1974 were also wasting most of their fuel-and posed to be authorized by H.R. 17084, and then devised the "after-burner" to ignite the the amounts in the Senate-passed bill, S. Mr. WIDTEHURST. Mr. Spealrnr, the waste-thus producing more power with less 3585. We urge the House to reduce authori­ Virginia Observer, a weekly publication fuel. zations to levels contained in the 1975 in the Second Congressional District, is a Last week, the La.Force brothers, using the Budget. crusading newspaper that can claim a after-burner theory, showed a standard car In terms of program implications, the bill they had adapted to recycle the unburned reflects the concept of continued reliance number of successes. Its editorial column gas back into the engine to be re-ignited. upon capitation grant subsidies as a major frequently examines problems of local The result wa.s their adapted car got 31 means of financing health manpower educa­ and national scope confronting the miles per gallon-whlle a sister standard tion. H.R. 17084 as modified by the full Com­ American taxpayer. The editor, Gordon model got only 18 miles per gallon. merce Committee does, it is true, somewhat Dillon, has taken to task the Chairman The LaForce's got a 70 per cent increase in d~rease capitatl.on in the third year. This of the Federal Reserve System, Dr. Ar­ productivity and estimate their method can again is a. step which 11.s useful, but which thur Burns, in the issue of December 6, be perfected to 100 MPG. Combined with me­ does not go far enough. Moreover, the bill thanol-the efficiency can be further in­ would extend capitation grants to a new 1974. I insert the editorial at this point creased. category-schools of public health-and con­ in the RECORD. By receiving 100 per cent fuel efficiency, tinue capitation for pharmacy schools whlich BURNS' BAD ADVICE this means the United States can immedi­ we believe to be inappropriate as it is pre­ Dr. Arthur Burns-chairman of the Fed­ ately cut off all Arab and most other foreign baccaulaureate training. Additionally, a new eral Reserve System, in his message to Con­ oil supply sources. And with the Alaskan and program of categorical grants to subsidize gress last week, offered incredibly ignorant coastal fields-we could prosper far into the graduate programs in the field of health care advice-which, if heeded, will certainly bring future, and supply Europe as well. American administration would be authorized. At a disaster to the nation. ingenuity should be paraded before the time when -it is critically necessary to con­ Every reader of this newspaper ls directly world-and let them save on energy. strain Federal spending and when programs involved in Burn's blast of stupidity-and But instead of developing our potential, are being tightly controlled, we must guard each person could face econoinic chaos. instead of using our proven inventions to in­ against expanding Federal commitments to Basically, Burns wants a prohibitive tax crease productivity with renewable resources such marginal activities. In this same vein , placed on gasoline to decrease consumption like trees, garbage and leaves, and to prevent we also are strongly opposed to including and oil imports. Sa.id the supposed erudite a drain on natural underground resources. the continued authorization for teaching economist, unless the tax ... or equally strin­ Dr. Burns wants a 1974 "Dark Age" of ignor­ facility construction. gent measures are taken, "we wm be unable ance and misery for the masses-and riches The proposed system for control over the to persuade others (in the world) to do their for the few very select super-rich. number of residency training positions is part." Ask yourself, what do you want-more unacceptable. We feel that there is little Burns admitted tha.t if followed, his ad­ taxes, more austerity, a depression? Or a basis for initiating this far reaching regula­ vice would injure more the already depress­ better society based on efficiency and pro­ tory mechanism at this time. We feel that ed auto industry, would further wreck the ductivity? the distributional and other problems to tourist and homebuilding industry. The average American lt:nows what the an­ which these provisions are addressed are not The auto industry is the economic back­ swer is. Our only question is why Dr. Burns sufficiently understood and that it would be bone of the country-it produces jobs in the does not feel the same way. unwise to impose such limitations until their steel, plastics and rubber industries. With­ potential impact could be assessed and con­ out autos as the mode of transportation­ sidered. Fina.Uy, the substantial restrictions homebullding stops and when that ceases, so does commercial construction. on the Department's ability to administer Translated, Burns' shallow, dumb, crass re­ H.R. 17034 AND H.R. 1 7085 our health manpower programs on a decen­ marks means depression .... for most, but tralized basis are most bothersome. not all. With regard to H.R. 17085, the nurse train­ It means bankruptcy for auto dealers, loss ing bill, we have continually objected to of jobs for mechanics, reduced profits for HO . JOHN J. RHODES separate legislation for nurse training and a automakers. OF ARIZONA categorical program of subsidies to this un­ But strangely, Exxon will continue to make IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES dergraduate field. This bill not only con­ higher profits. He talks about changing our Tuesday, December 10, 1974 tinues separate capitation and special proj­ life styles, but not his. ect support for nursing education, its total Before his latest plan for salvation, Dr. Mr. RHODES. Mr. Speaker, H.R.17084 authorizations of $142 million exceed the Burns was hell-bent that all we needed t.o and H.R. 17085 are scheduled for con­ President's 1975 Budget by $96.8 million. do to stop inflation was for the Federal Re­ sideration today. Earlier I received a let­ Continued capitation subsidies to encourage serve to raise the interest rates to stop the ter from Secretary Weinberger regard­ further expansion of nursing schools is cer­ flow ot funds into the ~onomy. ing these two pieces of legislation and tain to produce wide spread unemployment We doubt that Dr. Burns is really sincere of nurses. We must, therefore, oppose H.R. to or indeed, intelligent. would like insert it in the RECORD for 17085 for its objectionable programmatic and For as everyone knows, the auto engine, the benefit of my colleagues. The text of budgetary features. since its inception, has been terribly ineffi­ the letters and accompanying materials The Administration certainly hopes to cient. It burns only 20 to 30 per cent of the follow: work out a viable health manpower bill be­ gas it consumes with 70 per cent going out THE SECRETARY OF HEALTH, fore adjournment. But I must say that, the exhaust unignited. The auto industry EDUCATION, AND WELFARE, given the problems with authorizations and has advanced in every other way since the Washington, D.C., December 2, 1974. program direction which I have mentioned, Model-T automatic transmissions, shock Hon. JOHN J. RHODES, I do not now believe it likely that we could absorbers, comfort, brakes, lights, etc. But Minority Leader, House of Representatives, recommend Presidential approval of either not its engine. So the concentration should Washington, D.C. H.R. 1 7084 or H.R. 17085. be on making a more efficient engine. And DEAR JoHN: I am writing in connection Sincerely, it can be done. with H.R. 17084 and H.R. 17085, which deal CASPAR WEINBERGER, The U.S. Army has made a major scientific with health manpower and nurse training Secretary. December 10, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF R£MARKS 38969

HEALTH MANPOWER

Amended 1975 budget House bill-H.R. 17084 Senate bill

Construction : Grants and interest subsidies ______------__----- ______------_------______;; I (1, 000, 000) $27, 000, 000 (75) $26, 000, 000 (75) 28, 000, 000 (76) 27, 000, 000 (76) 28, 000, 000 (77) 28, 000, 000 (77) Institutional assistance: Includes capitation, start up and conversion, financial distress ______;; 133, 817, 000 239, 700, 000 (75) 253, 700, 000 (75) 248, 800, 000 (76) 266, 150, 000 (76) 249, 700, 000 (77) 278, 700, 000 (77) Student assistance: Loans, scholarships, loan repayments, physician shortage area scholarships, and NHSC ______; 53, 600, 000 ------llO, 000, 000 (75) llO, 000, 000 (76) 135, 000, 000 (76) 150, 000, 000 (77) 160, 000, 000 (77) Special projects: Special projects under institutional assistance, teacher training, family practice of medicine, educa· 115, 578, 000 2 159, 250, 000 (75) a 198, 000, 000 (75) tional assistance grants and contracts, dental health, and computer technology. 2 170, 500, 000 (76) 3 4 241, 500, 000 (76) 2 182, 000, 000 (77) 3 4 251, 000, 000 (77) NHSC (operations) ______9, 255, 000 25, 000, 000 (75) 20, 000, 000 (75) 36, 000, 000 (76) 35, 000, 000 (76) 1 ~ri~~~ ~::1 tt~ g;,c~: ~Rfe aJI~)~~~~-- ~ ~ === ==: ======: ======: ======;~= ~~~= ~~~ == ~;;~ ======~~= ~~~=~~~= =~;; ~ Tota'------302, 995, 000 6 375, 950, 000 (75) 607, 700, 000 (75) 511, 000, 000 (76) 704, 600, 000 (76) 573, 500, 000 (77) 767, 700, 000 (77)

NURSING

Construction: Grants and interest subsidies ______: ______l ($1, 000, 000) $27, 000, 000 (75) $49, 000, 000 (75 ) ------... ------28, 000, 000 (76) 49, 000, 000 (76) ------29, 000, 000 (77~ 49, 000, 000 (77) Institutional assistance: Includes capitation, start up, financial distress ______G 50, 000, 000 (75 7 132, 800, 000 (75) ------G 55, 000, 000 (76) 7 140, 700, 000 (76) ------6 60, 000, 000 (77) 7 147, 500, 000 (77) Student assistance: Includes loans, scholarships, traineeships, loan repayments______25, 600, 000 8 52, 000, 000 (75) 0 59, 000, 000 (75) ------8 60, 000, 000 (76) g 64, 000, 000 (76) 8 70, 000, 000 (77) g 74, 000, 000 (77) Special projects: Includes special projects, under institutional assistance ______------if605,"cicici " 20, 000, 000 (75) 10 41, 500, 000 25, 000, 000 (76) ______.; ------.. .. ------30, 000, 0000 (77) ______TotaL ___ ------______45, 205, 000 142, 000, 000 (75) 282, 300, 000 (75) ------163, 000, 000 (76) 3 253, 700, 000 (76) ------184, 000, 000 (77) J 270, 500, 000 (77)

1 Interest subsidies. e Capitation and financial distress. 2 Includes project grants, public health traineeships, AHEC, family medicine, etc. 7 Capitation. a Special projects not specified. s Advance nurse training, student loans, traineeships, nurse p1actitioners. 'Plus such sums for AHEC; includes all special projects, assistance for specialized training, g Student loans and traineeships. allied health, etc. 10 Includes full utilization of talent. 6 Exclusive of $100,000,000 in Public La w 93- 385.

KEEPING THE GOOSE ALIVE worse times, too. And there are millions of the soil and the climate that makes produc­ Americans who have withstood seasons far tion miracles possible-but that is just the more de~perate than this one, and who have beginnmg. It has been through the political HON. ROBERT H. MICHEL the faith that the American system and the and economic climate of the United States OF ILLINOIS American people have the stamina and ability and through the response of American farm­ not only to survive, but to prosper. ers to the economic and technological oppor­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES But if we are to ride out the current storm tunities that our nation has fostered, that Tuesday, December 10, 1974 successfully and prevent serious permanent our agricultural success has been achieved. damage to our economy, and our way of life, Like the goose in the fairy tale that laid the Mr. MICHEL. Mr. Speaker, in a we have to take a clear and rational look at golden eggs, American agriculture has de­ recent speech before the Agricultural the dangers that face us. We must insist on veloped efficiencies and capabilities that have Relations Council in Chicago, Harold B. finding solutions rather than settling for a given strength to our nation and hope to Steele, president of the Illinois Farm patchwork of stopgap measures that only a hungry world. Bureau, described some positive results prolong and intensify the problems. But there are voices-crying enviously from Determination and self-discipline in the poor and struggling countries; shouting de­ and observations coming out of the World face of adversity-nowadays we call it "bit­ risively from nations who have refused to Food Conference in Rome; November 5 ing the bullet"-can develop toughness and provide their farmers the opportunity to to 17. stamina that can come no other way. This prosper; and there are even frightened voices I commend this speech to the careful is true of athletes; it is true of fighting men; scattered within our own country-who say consideration of my colleagues and all and it is true of nations. On the other hand, the goose should be killed. They are urging other Americans concerned over the despair and panic can turn even the slightest that the economic system which produced proper role of the United States in to­ setback into a disaster. the greatest agricultural industry the world In terms of food product ion in the United has ever known should be destroyed. They day's world food crisis: States, and in terms of maintaining a sound want to bind American agriculture in a web KEEPING THE GOOSE ALIVE agricultural economy as the foundation for of controls and stockpiles and political man­ (Remarks by Harold B. Steele) a sound, growing America, our survival need agement. They believe that such a drastic The theme you have chosen for your pro­ not be in doubt. It is even reasonable to as­ effort would result in greater immediate sup­ gram today is an interesting one-in many sume that America will continue to feed it­ plies of grain for starving people; and no re.spects. "How To Survive in '75". It cer­ self just as well as-if not better than-it has thought is given to the long-term damage tainly captures the spirit of the times. Un­ become accust omed to in the past few years. to the world food supply that would result fortunately, the spirit that marks the times In addition, we can send increasing quan­ if agriculture in America, as we l{now it we are currently experiencing, is one of the tities of our farm products into world trade. today, were taken out of the picture. What is major problems that we face. There is no reason why we cannot accom - m ore, the emotional clamoring of these peo­ "How to Survive in '75". To the generation plish all this and still be able to contribute ple ignores the fact that even in the short that has no recollection of the rationing and generously and meaningfully of our produc­ run, their plan won't work. One of the most shortages and the detarmination of World tion and our technology to a successful pro­ frustrating aspects of world hunger as it War II; to the two generations that know gram to curb hunger in needy nations occurs in India, Africa, and Bangladesh to­ the Depression Years of the 1930's only as throughout the world. All this is not only day is that even if sufficient food were avail­ a time that old folks talk about; the chal­ possible, it is altogether likely, unless­ able at the dock, there is no practical means lenges, the shortages and the economic dis­ through a series of desperate, irrational reac­ to move it to the areas of greatest need. And even if there were, some of the govern­ ciplines that ccmfront us today, may well tions to our fear of failure-we manage to ments who cry the loudest for food hand­ r aise a question of survival. We can survive snatch defeat from the jaws of vict ory in the outs have shown an amazing inclination to in '75-and a good many years beyond. The war against world hunger. allow graft and mismanagement to t ragically times of today are not as easy as those we I know of no success story anywhere in dilute whatever efforts have been made. knew a few years ago-nor as easy as we the world that can match the recent history Killing the goose is not the answer; n ot would like them to be. But there have been of American agriculture. We are blessed with now, and certainly not for the future. 38970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 10, 1974

I am not trying to downgrade the problem. It was good to hear the Sudanese, and There are two points of view that are being This very day as we prepare to conclude a some others as well, speak of the need of currently voiced. On one hand, we hear that discussion of food and famine and sit down chemicals-both pesticides and herbicides­ there 1s a serious shortage of food in the to a meal of meat and salad and vegetables as well as fertilizer in order to meet their United States; that we cannot afford to feed and dessert, people are dying of hunger. Per­ future food needs. It was encouraging be­ inflation by selling any of our limited stocks haps even more tragic 1s the fact that mil­ cause I have become so accustomed, in my abroad, and that we should protect our con­ lions of children who will not die have suf­ own country, to hear these very products sumers from high prices by keeping our grain fered irreversible mental and physical dam­ condemned by noisy groups of uninformed at home. age from malnutrition. Current population but well-meaning people who want to outlaw On the other hand, we are told that Amer­ trends project greater .problems with every them. We do have environmental respon­ ica is sinfully rich and greedy and that the passing year. Sometime in the next few sibilities in our use of any of the elements only way we can purge ourselves of the evil months the population of the World will of any industry-including agriculture. But of our successful agricultural industry is reach four billion people. Think of it! Of we must never lose sight of the fact that our to downgrade our standard of living to the all the babies that have ever been born in best and most modern tools are indispensable level of less successful nations and ship our the history of the world, half or more of them if we are to meet the needs of world hunger. food to needy nations-no strings attached, are all ve today-needing to be fed. And if There was another bright spot that I want I believe it is clear to most thinking ob­ current projections hold true, before today's to give some special emphasis because it offers servers that neither of these viewpoints is college graduate reaches retirement age, the American agriculture not only encourage­ valid. But there 1s enough fact being used population of the world will double. ment but a challenge as well. I am speaking by critics on both sides, that many Ameri­ We have passed the place where the world of the interest and concern of the news media cans are uneasy and anxious about the can look to the abundance of the United and their intense desire to get to the facts future. States, Canada, and Australia to feed it. We and report them. This was true of American The United States did not harvest as much are rapidly approaching the point that mod­ newsmen. It was also true of the reporters corn and soybeans and some other crops as ern farming as we know it in Illinois-even from news media serving many parts of the had earlier been hoped. This is true. It is if practiced world-wide and extended into world. I found them to be not only inter­ also true that never in our history had we arid lands with irrigation-could not long ested but enthusiastic about listening to the produced as much as the projections earlier keep pace with unchecked population growth. story an American farmer had to tell. There this year indicated that we might. We did This frustrating puzzle of food and star­ was a British reporter who told me that he have the biggest wheat crop in our history vation-of compassion and politics-was the didn't know that American food supplies and we have crops of corn and soybeans that focal point of the World Food Conference were limited. He thought the only roadblock are among the largest ever produced-in spite last month in Rome. It would be easy to to solving the problem of world hunger was of some of the most disagreeable weather spend the rest of our time together today to get the United States to release their food that has ever been experienced in a single reminiscing bitterly about some discouraging stocks to needy nations. Another reporter­ growing season. Our supplies are ample for and irritating aspects of that gathering. Cer­ this one from the New York Times, stopped the needs of our nation and can meet the tainly there was much emotional and po­ to visit at some length about American agri­ needs of our traditional customers around litical rhetoric. There were many in Rome culture and its economic structure and needs. the world. Since demand-both here and who would prefer to make one quick meal of He told me he didn't know how intricate the overseas-has risen rapidly in recent years, the goose that lays the golden eggs and ig­ problem of food production and supply was. we don't have large surpluses remaining after nore the implications for the future. He wasn't aware of the economic pressures our cash customers have made their pur­ But American agriculture had its de­ on farmers-of their need for management chases. Even so, we have committed a major fenders, too; and there were people from ability, for finance and credit, for a means portion of our supplies to help feed the needy needy areas of the world who are well aware of obtaining a return for their investment nations of the world ... even more than of the need to seek rational solutions, based and labor. t he millions of tons of agricultural products on sound economics, and who were ready to This interest on the part of news media­ contributed last year. accept a share of the responsibility and the and, in turn, on the part of their audiences­ Our generosity in a time when supplies are effort. Despite the headlines that emphasized can be a major factor in the success of the not abundant, should put an end to the myth the wrangling and rhetoric, there was much efforts of the world to provide enough food that we are only interested in food aid when in the Rome conference to view with opti­ for its people. It can play a major role in we have surpluses. America has provided mism. Let me mention a few examules: preserving the necessary strength of Ameri­ eight out of every ten bushels of grain that First of all, I was proud of -the official can agriculture-and without a strong have been distributed as food aid in recent American delegation. Despite pressures from American agriculture there is little hope of years-despite the fact that there are many other nations, from world-wide anti-hunger success in the war against hunger. It can be other nations whose economies are quite groups, and even from many of our own extremely valuable if we will react to it prop­ capable of shouldering a much greater share politicians who came pouring in after the erly. We in agriculture come together to meet of the burden than they have been willing election, Secretary Butz and his delegation and discuss our problems and we can see to accept. stood firm. They had done their homework clearly the dangers and challenges and the One thing became increasingly clear to me thoroughly and carefully, they had the facts needs that face us. But we have not yet as I watched and listened to the delibera­ and they had the courage to demand that learned to communicate what we know to tions of the delegates at the World Food the rest of the world begin to pick up a part the rest of the world in an effective way. Conference. The United States with its mod­ of the burden. They offered the kind of help There is a tendency on the part of agri­ ern and efficient agricultural plant is the culture to feel that because people are not single biggest weapon in the world's war on that can bring long-term solutions-tech­ constantly knocking at our door begging for nical assistance, agricultural know-how­ hunger. There are some other nations­ information about us that they don't like notably Canada and Australia-who can sup­ rather than continually increasing handouts us. We are concerned because we continually ply significant quantities of food, and a few which only lead to dependence and dissat­ read and hear stories about the view and other nations who can, occasionally, con­ isfaction. activities of the do-gooders and bleeding tribute certain food products to help meet I was also encouraged by the attitude of hearts who make the headlines with sim­ world needs. But it is the United States that some of the developing nations who have plistic solutions to complex problems with all countries look to-despite their criti­ the greatest need for greater supplies of food no regard for economic consequences. I think cism-as the hope of the world in the fight in the years ahead. I particularly remember it's time that we faced up to the fact that against hunger. But even the United States the attitude of the Sudn.nese delegation. They the people who are getting more attention cannot feed the world's growing masses by readily accepted the responsibility to pro­ from the news media, than we farmers are increasing our own production and shipping vide food for the citizens of their country. getting, are probably doing a better job of news media. relations than we are doing. our products overseas. They admitted that their food production There is one essential commodity that was primitive and unable to cope with cur­ Today, more than ever before, the atten­ tion of the world is focused on the industry America can provide to needy nations that rent and future demands. They recognized has the promise of defeating hunger. That is the need for more than food. They asked for that produces its food. In our own country and in nations around the world, the Amer­ management skill and technical know-how. help in improving their transportation and This has been a part of our aid programs distribution. And instead of grain, the Su­ ic~n farmer is getting center-stage attention. danese called for fertilizer, pesticides, and We have never had a better opportunity to in the past; there are technical aid proj­ herbicides-along wtih the technology and get our story told, if we are willing to make ects underway today; and legislation has management assistance to use them properly. it available. We must accept the responsibil­ been introduced to implement the establish­ I must admit that the Sudanese stand out ity to prepare our information carefully and ment of a system in other nations similar in my mind because of the contrast they present it clearly and in a professional man­ to the land-grant college system which has presented to many of the needy nations who ner. This is a vital job that we cannot over­ contributed so greatly to the growth of could only demand food with no thought of look-and it is one in which every person agriculture in the United States. how it was to be paid for, or how it was to in this room can and should play a part. It is this kind of assistance that can be be replaced once it was used up. But there Finally, let me spend just a few moments most valuable 1n the long run. It places were other nations who showed, at least part, discussing the present state of food supplies­ responsibility on the needy nations to con­ an understanding of the real needs of the particularly in regard to America's own tribute to their own well being. It provides the only hope of bringing worldwide food future. stocks. December 10, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 38971 production to a level of efficiency and pro­ TRIBUTE TO H. R. GROSS He has long been a symbol of economy and ductivity that can cope with modern needs. undoubtedly has saved many millions of dol­ Furthermore, it does not threaten the health lars over the years. of American agriculture-the goose whose SPEECH O'J' In each Congress, Mr. GRoss has spon­ golden eggs are so vital to the health of the American economy and the stability of the HON. PHILIP M. CRANE sored bill number H.R. 144-the number world. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of units in a gross-which provides for the systematic reduction of the national Monday, December 9, 1974 debt. Our best gift to him on this occa­ Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, after a quar­ sion would be the passage of this legisla­ HON. H. R. GROSS ter of a century of service in the House tion, and to make a real beginning to of Representatives, H. R. GRoss is' leav­ restore our fiscal integrity. ing this body to return to a much de­ Time magazine has called Mr. GRoss HON. CARL D. PERKINS served retirement. I am sure that I ex­ "the conscience of the House." I am sure OF KENTUCKY press the sentiments of many others in that the majority of the Members of this IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES this House, and millions of men and House agree. He has remained true to the women throughout the country, when I motto of his State of Iowa: Monday, December 9, 1974 say that the country will miss him and Our liberties we prize, our rights we will Mr. PERKINS. Mr. Speaker, I join to­ that we wish that his decision to retire maintain. da.y in this salute to an old friend, H. R. had been postponed. GRoss, who insists that he is retiring. A constant reminder of H~ R. GRoss' We will miss H. R. GRoss, but we hope If my colleagues infer from this some philosophy is a framed quotation that that he will continue to counsel us and doubt on my part about his leaving us, sits on a table in the lobby of his office. that we will carry on his crusade for they are entirely correct. For I, like It states: honest, decent, and fiscally responsible many of you, find it difficult to believe Nothing is easier than the expenditure of government. We could do him no greater that the opening gavel of the 94th Con­ public money. It does not appear to belong to anybody. The temptation is overwhelm­ honor than to act upon the time-tested gress will sound without the gentleman ingly to bestow it on somebody. principles for which he has stood so from Iowa resolutely and immovably in firmly and effectively. place. Next to it is a photo of a Rockwell, His biography in the "Congressional Iowa swimming pool with the caption: Directory" says he was born in Arispe, Constructed Without Any Federal Funds, Iowa. Surely that is in error, for every­ 1967. ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK one knows that H. R. was born right The efforts of H. R. GRoss have made over there on center aisle, right. To me, it more difficult to spend the public's he seems as much a :fixture in this HON. WILLIAM M. KETCHUM money without accounting to the public OF CALIFORNIA Chamber as the Mace, itself. for its disposition. He has acted as the Actually, H. R. and I were elected to conscience of the House of Representa­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Congress on the same day, and took the tives, an uncomfortable role at many Tuesday, December 10, 1974 oath together on January 3, 1949. We times. Mr. KETCHUM. Mr. Speaker, yester­ have not always voted the same way; In 1967, for example, Federal pay day this House passed a bill, H.R. 11666, and, in fact, we have ditfered on many raises for Congressmen, top Government to increase American participation in the of the great issues which have been de­ executives, and judges were to be de­ Asian Development Bank. I believe this cided on this floor in the ensuing 26 termined by a special commission. Based was a bad bill, and that its passage can years. on the commission's findings, the Presi­ only cost the American people in both While the differences were often dent was to submit his own pay pro­ higher taxes and worsening inflation. sharp, they were never personal. Inso­ posals to Congress. These recommended The only reason why this bill was far as I can determine they were left increases, in turn, would automatically proposed is that other nations concluded right here on the floor with the waste go into effect within 30 days unless either that the United States should provide paper when the roll was called and the the Senate or the House decided to veto :inore capital funding if it wishes to keep battle was over. them. its present voting strength. I fail to see Those who felt it necessary to do bat­ Most legislators were pleased with the what benefits will be achieved by this, situation in which they could increase since at present both the United States tle with H. R. quicl~ly learned to respect their own salaries without going on rec­ him. Those who took the trouble to know and Japan have a 9-percent voting share ord as doing it. H. R. GROSS, however, in the Bank, and Japan receives 56 per­ him-and that was not a hard job at put House Members on the spot when he cent of the business generated by the all-held him in warm affection. nearly defeated the commission proce­ Bank, while the United States receives No one can possibly disagree with H. R. dure through a rollcall vote. but 8 percent. Nonetheless, we are asking GROSS on the basic building blocks which Whenever a spending bill was brought the American people to come up with make him a towering figure in this to the floor of the House, it was H. R. $362 · million to increase the Bank's House: Integrity, patriotism, loyalty, and GRoss who attempted to determine ex­ capital. · a will to see that right be done. actly what the nature of the expense was If this were not insulting enough, we Mr. Speaker, I have never asked H. R. to be. One Member of this body, attesting are also taxing our citizens to provide what his initials stand for. I have just to GRoss' effectiveness, declared that- $50 million in soft-window, long-term, assumed they were for "House of Rep­ I've attended many committee hearings low-interest loans, for the people of Asia. resentatives." when the chairman will study a bill and There are millions of our own citizens If he seriously means to retire from make sure we can answer the knotty ques­ who cannot obtain loans for housing Congress, this House will be the poorer tions Gross will ask. Many times items will needs at reasonable rates, but apparently for it, and the 94th and succeeding Con­ be dropped before the bill hits the floor be­ we can afford to give cutrate loans cause of him. abroad. I fail to see either the logic or gresses will somehow not be the same. the justice of this fact. Whatever his intention, I suspect that Members of both parties and of every We have severe economic problems in the months and years ahead when de­ political approach have found H. R. here at home. The United States quite bate rages and the parliamentary seas GRoss an invaluable Member of this simply cannot afford to dispense millions run heavy, we shall all be casting a fur­ House. In a 1965 story about Mr. GROSS and millions of dollars in foreign assist­ tive glance over our shoulders to that in Newsday, for example, the present ance and loans abroad. The Federal spot on the aisle which H. R. GRoss has Speaker of the House conceded that Mr. budget must be cut now to fight inflation. so long occupied. And we will remember GROSS made his life more difficult but This $412 million giveaway is a perfect our friend. added that he considered him "a charm­ place to start cutting, and I regret the Good health, happiness, peace and long ing person of integrity and conscience." House did not avail itself of the oppor­ life to the gentleman from Iowa. Mr. ALBERT declared that- tunity to do so. 38972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Pecember 1 O, 19 74 THE FUND-SHARING EPIDEMIC It's called debasing the currency. The of affairs. It is worth noting, however, what sheriff gets his police car, the money presses might have been without the amendment. run, and your savings become worthless. The · Through the old ·rule of succession, House city gets its orchestra, . the money pres~s Speaker Carl Albert might be President today HON. ROBERT H. MICHEL run, and you can't live. on your pension. with no vote by the populace and without OF ll.LINOIS The highway rolls in from the suburbs, the the benefit of a congressional investigation. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES money presses run, and you can't afford to Neither alternative, of course, is in the best send your kids to college. spirit of truly representative government, Tuesday, December 1 O, 197 4 Congress caused enough inflation when and an improvement might be to provide for Mr. MICHEL. Mr. Speaker, this week's it tried to finance only the Federal estab­ a special election if both the presidency and lishment. Now it has thrown the money vice presidency become vacant prior to, say, National Observer carries an editorial presses open to the whole asylum: governors, the half-way mark in the elected term. This comment that I feel ought to be required aldermen, sewer boards, mayors, the whole would do away with an extended caretaker reading for all of us here in the Congress. bunch. Maybe their projects are worthy. administration and give the voters an oppor­ The article is succinct and straight to Maybe they should be spared tlie embarrass­ tunity to decide who should fill out the term. the point, and I commend it to the at­ ment of raising local taxes. Maybe Cali­ The country has never faced this situa­ tention of my colleagues: fornians should pay New Yorker's subway tion before in its whole history, and it is to [From the National Observer, Dec. 14, 1974] fares. But if Congress is also unwilling to be hoped that it won't have to again. There pay for these things in real money, then is no insurance that it will not, however, and THE FUND-SHARING EPIDEMIC COULD BE A these projects should be dumped back in not to provide for it would be to leave future DEADLY MALADY the laps of local politicians to pay for. Not generations with the potential for the same (By Michael T. Malloy) because they are more responsible than Con­ problems we're encountering now. Rejoice, Americans, from Maine to Cali­ gress, but because they don't have money fornia, for you have saved New York City's presses of their own. 35-cent subway fare. Be proud, you motor­ ists and railroad commuters, for it will cost AFFIRMATIVE ACTION: THE NEW you a cool $250 mlllion in little more than a RACISM IN ACADEMIA year. Revel in your generosity, suburbanites, THE 25TH AMENDMENT NEEDS because you know darn well that it costs you AMENDING more than 35 cents to get to work. HON. PHILIP M. CRANE The $250 million is just an early instal­ ment of New York's share of the loot from OF ll.LINOIS an $11.8 billion mass-transit blll that Presi­ HON. HAMILTON FISH, JR. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES dent Ford signed last month. Gotham's de­ OF NEW YORK Tuesday, December 1 O, 197 4 lighted mayor said this will spare his con­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES stituents the indignity of paying full fare Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, the affirma­ on the subway for another 13 months. He Tuesday, December 10, 1974 tive action program instituted by the De­ gave the President some gold-dipped sub­ Mr. FISH. Mr. Speaker, the House Ju­ partment of Health, Education, and Wel­ way tokens to mark this "historic occasion diciary Committee has completed its fare with regard to faculty hiring has which ranks with revenue sharing in its created a situation in which irrelevant importance." hearings on the confirmation of Nelson It sure does. It ranks up there with the A. Rockefeller, the Vice President-des­ criteria such as race and sex are used Arab oil embargo, the price of sugar, and ignate. The hearings have been as a basis for employment. the Vietnam War. The whole block-grant, thorough and have taken time. How­ The Congress ha.S never passed legis­ fund-sharing epidemic that looked so good ever, the occasion itself is unprecedented. lation ,calling for racial and sexual quotas when it started is going to wreck us if it The fact that our Nation may have in faculty hiring, and the Civil Rights isn't stopped. Because you won't really pay both a President and Vice President Act of 1964 specifically outlaws discrimi­ those New Yorkers' subway fares. Nobody neither of whom have been elected by the nation on the basis of race or sex. Yet, will, and that's a lot worse. at the present time, nonelected Govern­ The theory was that local governments people at large has led many, including were too broke to pay for a lot of good things myself, to consider changes in the 25th ment officials are enforcing a strict quota that needed doing, so the Federals would amendment which would trigger a spe­ system upon all colleges and universities chip in from their endlessly swelling income cial Presidential election in lieu of the which receive any form of Federal as­ tax. Now law-enforcement Federals chip in present procedures. sistance. for local sherlffs' police cars, the artistic Mr. Speaker, on Tuesday, December 3, In a recently published book, "The Federals chip in for city orchestras, the high­ 1974, a thoughtful editorial appeared in balancing Act," George Roche Ill, presi­ way Federals chip in for commuter roads, dent of Hillsdale College in Michigan, and so on. The annual grants have ballooned the Poughkeepsie Journal, published in to $43 billion from $23 billion in 1970, from Poughkeepsie, N.Y., which recognizes the writes that-- complicated surveys examining the ethnic only $7 bill~on in 1960, and the once-strapped need for reexamination of the 25th local and state governments are now run­ amendment. I commend it to my col­ backgrounds of faculty members are being ning a combined surplus of about $9 billion. leagues: undertaken. Announcements of job open­ The ria.re curmudgeons who wonder at this THE HIGHEST OFFICES ings appearing in professional circles openly outburst of Federal generosity usually raise mention specific racial, sexual or ethnic The House Judiciary Committee was to "qualifications" for employment. De facto two objections. First: Grants of 50 or 90 begin today its last three hearing sessions or 100 per cent of the cost for local projects on the nomination of Nelson A. Rockefeller discrimination is now commonplace. excite local politicians to undertake schemes to be Vice President. Most observers believe Dr. Roche provides a number of exam­ their voters don't really want bad enough to now that approva.:i by both houses of Con­ ples, -such as a letter sent from Clare­ pay for. Second: The voters pay for them gress is a foregone conclusion. mont Men's College in California declar­ anyway through their Federal taxes. The investigation of Rockefeller, in itself, But it's worse than that. If New York's has been history-making. Never before has a ing that- commuters won't pay the subway fares, and vice presidential nominee been placed under It has a vacany in its ... Department as a the city's voters won't pay the taxes to bail so close and extended scrutiny. Prior to the result of retirement. We desire to appoint a them out, and New York's upstate dairy Nixon-Agnew era, in fact, a vice presidential black or Chicano, preferably female. farmers won't susbidize them either, you can nomination was, more or less, an after­ Dr. Roche charges that "affirmative be pretty sure that congressmen from Maine thought at national party conventions. And to Hawaii won't pass the cost on to their the occupant of the .office tended to be "out action began enforcement on the basis of lobstermen and pineapple pickers. They will of sight, out of mind" in the daily life at race and sex which had been expressly do what Congress has always done when a the White House. forbidden by the Civil Right Act." In popular program collides with the unpopular What has happened to and With the two fact, the Department of Health, Educa­ need to pay for it. They will. print more highest offices in the land in the last two tion, and Welfare is asking universities money. years, however, will have changed that for to keep the very racial and sexual Think on it. Local governments couldn't some time to come. The resignations of Rich­ statistics which are, in many instances, afford orchestras, commuter roads, and half­ ard M. Nixon and Spiro T. Agnew have left fare subways because they had to pay for the country with the first President not to forbidden by State antidiscrimination them. The Federals think they can afford have been elected by popular vote, and a statntes. them, because they don't have to pay. Lady Vice President of similar status if Rockefel­ The Government administrators argue bountiful, trailing clouds of debt, can just ler is approved as expected. that their purpose is not the institution crank up the inflationary money presses and This development has led some to ques­ of a quota system but achieving an end run a deficit, as the Government has in 12 tion the propriety, if not the validity, of the Tto discrimination through "numerical of the past 13 years. 25th Amendment which produced the state goals" for the hiring of minorities. This, December 10, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 38973 hcwever, is only a semantic evasion. What are involved are enforcement pro­ a brief 6 years of the long service that Prof. Sidney Hook notes that.- cedures that the Labor DP.partment'a omce he had rendered in this House. And while of Federal contract compliance delegated to The representatives of H.E.W. shy away we have not been in accord on a whole H.E.W.'s omce for civil rights. These proce­ host of issues and indeed on some issues from the taboo word "quotas" because they dures require that "numerical goals and know that a quota system ls incompatible time schedules"-how many to hire, and our disagreement is fundamental, I still with the basic norms of merit and individual when-be established to guide hiring of want the gentleman to know that I have justice. They insist that a "numerical goal" members of minorities and women whenever a very high regard for him. As a result is not a quota. This is a transparent seman­ of his observations and his industry in tic evasion. For a "numerical goal," when their underutilization is allegedly shown. Indeed, if we succeed in abandoning all examining every comma in every bill. selections are guided by anything but merit, discriminatory practices in recruiting, pro­ legislation has been clarified and Mem­ is precisely what we normally mean by a motion, retirement, pay for equal work, why quota. bers have been enlightened. It is my hope do we need "numerical goals"-unless it 1s Mr. Speaker, that the gentleman from Dr. Hook refers to the "admission by asserted that the only real proof of the aban­ Iowa live to 120 and that each year be as all and sundry, including HEW, that donment is the achievement of these nu­ productive to our country as those lived quotas are wrong" and declares that "if merical goals? The representatives of H.E.W. shy away to date. anything L morally wrong, then sincere from the taboo word "quotas" because they efforts to bring it about are also wrong.'' know that a quota system is incompatible I wish to share with my colleagues the with the basic norms of merit and individual thoughtful analysis of affirmative action, justice. They insist that a "numerical goal" E. MANDELL DE WINDT OF EATON which has become a new racism in the is not a quota. This is a transparent se­ CORP. American academic community, by Prof. mantic evasion. For a "numerical goal," when Sidney Hook, professor emeritus of phi­ selections are guided by anything but merit, losophy at New York University and cur­ is precisely what we normally mean by a quota. In Europe, the Latin phrase numerus HON. WILLIAM E. MINSHALL rently research fell ow at the Hoover clausus was used to set religious quotas for OF OHIO Institution on War, Revolution, and entry into universities. It set numerical goals. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Peace. Dr. Hook's article, which appeared My argument on this crucial matter rests ir. The New York Times of November 12, mainly on two simple points: one logical, Tuesday, December 1 O, 197 4 1974, follows: the other ethical. Mr. MINSHALL of Ohio. Mr. Speaker. A QuoTA Is A QuoTA Is A QuoTA If someone says to universities, "In your My good friend, E. Mandell de Windt, BY SIDNEY HOOK hiring practices aim at a quota of X per cent of blacks, Chicanos, Puerto Ricans, chairman of the board and chief execu­ STANFORD, CALIF.-No one can reasonably women for your staff within the next three tive officer of the Cleveland-based Eaton deny that shameful discrimination on years," the cognitive meaning of the expres­ Corp., has given an interview to Nation's grounds of religion, race, sex and national sion is the same as this: "In hiring, set as Business for December 1974, and I would origin has occurred in the past. To a lesser your goal recruitment of X per cent of blacks, like to share the excellence of his re­ extent it exists in the present. Chicanos, Puerto Ricans, women within the marks with you. It is apparent not only in hiring people next three years." While the ensuing commentary might but in rewarding, promoting, and retiring The representatives of H.E.W. confuse them. themselves and others by insisting that nu­ suffer from any elaboration on my part, Wherever such practices exist they are mor­ merical goals are not quotas because "good­ I would like to call attention to two ideas ally wrong and should be abolished. What faith efforts" to achieve the goals are "an of particular note called forth by this makes them wrong is the violation of the adequate substitute for evidence that goals article. I feel that Del exemplifies the merit principle and the injustices that result. have been met.'' ideal of the education process, in quality Individuals are punished for no fault of But this is logically equivalent to saying rather than quantification, where the their own but merely because of their mem­ that sincere, good-faith efforts to achieve goal is to master the problem-solving bership in a group, which has nothing to do quotas are an adequate substitute for evi­ with the qualifications for the post in ques­ dence that quotas have been met. The emo­ process, not just to collect information. tion and their specific capacities to fill it. tive meaning may be different but the intel­ Second, he states most succinctly the key What is the remedy? Surely not another lectual content is the same. to a beneficial relationship between busi­ kind of discrimination. No one would argue The ethical point follows from the ad­ ness and the political system-"com­ that pecause many years i:1.go blacks were de­ mission by all and sundry, including H.E.W., munication." I have always felt that the prived of their right to vote and women that quotas are wrong. For 1f anything ls basis for good government is primarily denied the franchise that today blacks and morally wrong, then sincere efforts to bring dependent on the exchange of correct women should be compensated for past dls­ it about are also wrong. If quotas are morally information. This is the decisionmaking crimination by being given the right to cast wrong in filling posts in education or else­ an extra vote or two at the expense of their process at its optimal potential. The where, then "sincere good-faith efforts" to article follows herewith: fellow citizens or that some white men should achieve them are wrong. be barred from voting. The best way to overcome disproportions [From Nation's Business, December 1974] Take a more relevant case. For years, blacks E. MANDELL DE WINDT OF EATON CORP.-A were disgracefully barred from professional among different groups in the various sectors of employment is to expand the opportuni­ DROPOUT REACHES THE TOP sports. Would it not be absurd to argue that What happens to a dropout from a liberal today in compensation for the past there ties and fac111ties of education, and if neces­ sary to provide subsidies for those willing arts college who goes job-hunting at a big should be discrimination against whites? industrial firm long on engineering and tech­ All that black players want is to be judged and able to learn. Where persons are evalu­ ated for fitness to fill specific posts, one nology? as players, not blacks. Would any fair and In the case of E. Mandell de Windt, he sensible person try to fix the ratio of whites standard for all must prevail. winds up as board chairman and chief ex­ and blacks on our ball teams in relation to ecutive officer of the company before he's 50. their racial availability? (And, incidentally, as a trustee of the college, We want the best players for the open po­ too.) sitions reeardless of the percentage distribu­ FAREWELL TO THE HONORABLE As top man at Cleveland-based Eaton tion in the general population or in the pool H. R. GROSS Corp., "Del" de Windt, now 53, heads a do­ of candidates trying out. main with operations in almost 25 coun­ Why should it be any different when we are tries, annual sales currently above $1.75 bil­ seeking the best-quallfled mathematician to lion and more than 50,000 employees in­ teach topology or the best medieval phUos­ HON. EDWARD I. KOCH OF NEW YORK volved in designing, engineering, manufac­ ophy scholar? Why not drop all color, sex turing and marketing products to move and religious bars in honest quest for the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES man, material and energy. best-quallfied for any post-no matter what Monday, December 9, 1974 Founded in 1911 by Joseph 0. Eaton to the distribution turns out to be? make truck axles, the company soon became Of course, the quest must be public and Mr. KOCH. Mr. Speaker, this Congress a major supplier of parts to the fast-growing not only fair but seen to be fair. There are is a great body because it reflects the motor vehicle industry. effective ways of doing this. diverse interests of our country. One of A good portion of today's product lines re­ But how can we drop all extraneous, dis­ flects that origin. No truck or car made in criminatory bars and stlll strive to achieve our retiring Members with whom I have the U.S.-and in many other countries­ "numerical goals" required by guidelines of frequently disagreed on very basic issues, comes off the line without some Eaton-made the Department of Health, Education and has played a very important role in the parts under its shiny exterior. Welfare? Congress.· I have known H. R. Gaoss for A 1963 merger with Yale & Towne added 38974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS ' December 10, 1974 that company's famed locks, security systems It didn't take long to figure out which paid Since then, I've never had any reason to and builders' hardware and materials han­ more. And since, I had no mechanical abil­ look outside of Eaton, but I suppose if that dling products, such as forklift trucks, to ity-I still can't drive a· nail straight-I de­ division manager hadn't been receptive to my Eaton's product lines. cided I had better be a production clerk. proposal, I might have. · Eaton's diversified markets also include Did you plan on finishing college later? Wasn't there a situation some years later products for industrial automation, con­ I figured that actual experience would help that similarly marked a milestone in your struction equipment, forestry, controls tech­ me make a career choice, and that if the career-when you were given international nology and leisure-time activities. choice required more education, I would responsibilities? The man running the many Eaton activi­ know which way to go in school. Yes. In mid-1959, I became director of ties is a soft-spoken Massachusetts native As it turned out, I decided several yea.rs sales, and was to succeed the vice president who was hired by the company in June, 1941, after leaving Williams that I wanted to be of s9.les at the start of the new year. During at $80 a month. a lawyer; thus I started attending night the six months that followed, I worked hard Del de Windt was married that same classes at Marshall Law School in Cleveland. at becoming more familiar with the overall month to a girl he had met on a blind date In fact, I started four times and once got corporate structure. when he was at Williams College and she as far as six weeks. The problem was that I As a result, I became interested in some of was attending Bennington, "just up the was in the central industrial relations de­ the things we had done in the past in terms road." They are the parents of five children, partment at the time and I traveled out of of licensing foreign companies to turn out ranging in age from 12 to 32, and he gives town frequently. I wasn't smart enough to products Eaton had developed. Nobody "my wife and good friend Betsy" an equal get through law school without going to seemed to be paying much heed to this, and share of credit "for any success I have had." class, so I finally gave up. My interest was not it occurred to me that in some instances we The first step toward that success came in practicing law as such, but I felt that the had sold our technology pretty cheaply. shortly after he began working as a clerk training might be helpful in my work. At the same time,· there was tremendous at Eaton's valve division in Battle Creek, How would things be different for a young economic growth, not only in Europe but Mich. man at Eaton today from what they were also in many countries that at that time Undeterred by his low standing on the when you started? were underdeveloped. It was apparent there corporate ladder, he drew up a proposed The whole situation was different then. wa.s a great ifuture for many of our products program for dealing with the industrial While I hadn't completed college and had no in those markets. manpower shortage that American entry special skills, we were going into a major in­ I suggested to our chairman, John Virden, into World War II would precipitate at dustrial expansion in 1941, with World War that Eaton choose an executive to head up Eaton. He took his plan directly to the di­ II under way in Europe and the United States the company's international operations­ vision manager and was promptly assigned preparing to enter the conflict. and proposed the name of an exceedingly ca­ to the employee relations office. I had incurred a back injury playing col­ pable senior officer. (On the wall behind Mr. de Windt's desk lege football-in a game against Army, iron­ As it turned out, the man I had proposed in the chairman's office is a picture of a ically-and was rejected both when I tried to didn't want the job. Then, the chairman turtle, neck extended, and the words: "Be­ enlist and in the draft. ' turned to me and said: "Since you think it hold the Turtle. He makes progress only Thus, while I was not particularly well­ is so important that we get this job filled, when his neck is out!") qualified for an industrial occupation, I was how about taking it on?" He spent several years in increa.singly on the scene at a time when there was a very How did the job work out for you? responsible personnel jobs, moving to com­ great shortage of young men to meet the I spent the next seven years up to my pany headquarters in Cleveland to run a nation's growing defense needs. ears in that job. With the full support of postwar program for reemploying veterans. A young person today who offered the the company's top management, I think An important turning point came in 1950, background I did then would have a difficult we established a good base. Today, about 30 when he was tapped to be assistant general time getting the attention of corporate re­ per cent of our business is done outside the manager of Eaton's stamping division, which cruiters. United States, and a third of our assets are meant moving into the production side of But young men and women who have com­ invested in other counU-ies. the business. He became general manager of pleted their educations a.re certainly far more You're one of the most outspoken of busi­ that division in 1953. qualified to move into business and take ness leaders on the advantages of interna­ The upward pace then gathered momen­ advantage of opportunities, and, without tional trade. How did that interest develop? tum"---director of sales for the corporation in doubt, these opportunities are better today Eaton has always been particularly con­ 1959; vice president-sales, 1960; group vice than they were then. scious of the fact that world trade could be president-international, 1961; board of di­ In what way? a most effective vehicle to promote world rectors, 1964; executive vice president, When I joined Eaton in 1941, total sales peace. Upon entering the world market­ 1967; president, later in 1967; and chairman were $54 million. We had 7,000 employees, place, we found there were great oppor- in 1969. Annual sales have risen 63 per cent, · all employed in nine operations in the U.S. , - ~unities 1f<;>r q_"!sin~ss growth, and for better and profits itlso have jumped, since he be­ Capital expenditures that year were $2.2 mil­ understanding between countries and people. came chairman. lion, and the research budget was $200,000. When various groups combined a few years In addition to his heavy responsibilities Eaton's 1974 sales will be above $1.75 bil- ago in support of the Burke-Hartke bill, at Eaton, Mr. de Windt makes time for an . lion, and the company now has more than which would have severely restricted U.S . extensive schedule of civic endeavors both 50,000 employees, at some 140 operations in trade with the rest of the world, it became in Cleveland and nationally-he's a gov­ about 25 countries. Capital spending in 1974 apparent there was a tremendous mi.> un­ ernor of the United Way of America and on is in the $125 million range with R&D ex­ derstanding of what free trade meant. the executive committee of the National penditures in the area of $35 million. If we restrict American involvement in Conference of Christians and Jews, which So we have enjoyed tremendous growth. world trade we undoubredly would head for a presented him with its Human Relations Last year, for instance, we opened 10 new world-wide economic collapse, because there Award for 1973. operations. Every one needed a manager and is a great interdependence between coun­ In his office high above the Cleveland all the other key people it takes to staff a tries. A barrier simply can't be built around waterfront on Lake Erle, Del de Windt talked plant. Our policy is to promote from within. any segment of the world community. about his business career and some of his Thus we must recruit and train and develop How do you organize your time as chair­ other interests in this interview with a a tremendous number of people to maintain man of a big, complex company? our momentum. Until recently, 10 people reporred directly Nation's Business editor. to me. There just wasn't enough time in the What brought you to Eaton? Did you ever think about working any­ where but at Eaton? day to worlc with them all effectively. I had finished two years in liberal arts at About a year ago, we undertook a manage­ Williams in 1941, and decided I didn't want Well, after three months as a production clerk I decided that this wasn't the job that ment reorganization which resulted in iden­ to wait two more years to get out into the real tifying and assigning responsibilities for four world. I went to the college placement bu­ would fulfill my aspirations. I obtained per­ mission to attend an American Management major areas of concern: world-wide opera­ reau, which sugges~d I talk with Joseph tions, law and corporate relations, financial Eaton, a Williams alumnus, who was head of Associations meeting in Chicago at my own expense. I really went with the idea that activities and corporate development. Key a business in Cleveland. to the reorganization was the establishment I sat up all night in a railroad coach and perhaps I should look for another job. One of the speakers was an employee rela­ of two commitrees of management. spent 25 cents to tak:e a shower when I got to tions specialist, and he really impressed me. The Executive Committee, composed of five the Cleveland terminal. A streetcar ride later, When I got back to Battle Creek, instead officers, is responsible for determining basic I was at what was then the company head­ of looking elsewhere, I decided to first see long-range objectives and adopting courses quarters and I had a very pleasant visit with what I could do right there. of action and allocating resources for achiev­ Mr. Eaton. He shuttled me off to four or five . With World War II looming, there would ing those goals. Our president, Paul Miller, other people. A week later I received a brief be serious manpower problems developing is chairman of the Operating Committee. note from him, beginning: "My dear de for the company. I .wrote a report incor­ This group is charged with coordinating the Windt." porating some of my ideas and suggestions daily operation of the company, as well as He offered me a job as an apprentice tool­ to deal with the matt~r. and submitted the establishing .and carrying out programs and maker at 14 cents an hour, or as a production report to the division manager. He promoted procedures necessary to meet corporate. ob­ clerk at $80 a month. me into employee relations. jectives. December 1 O, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 38975

What do yo~1, like best about your job? enterprise system-and what it really means H.R. 17566 Seeing people make progress. to this country. One of the consequences of A bill to provide for the centralized regula­ There are scores of examples, but let me this was the increasing extent to which anti­ tion and control of margarine or oleo­ cite the Eaton plant in Toluca, Mexico. business forces were influencing legislative margarine under the Federal Food, Drug, The land was purchased, following ap­ bodies to pass laws restrictive to business. and Cosmetic Act proval by the Mexican government, for the It's terribly important that the general site of a new axle plant. There were no farms public become well-informed, because these Be it enacted by the Senate and House or ranches in the vicinity. It was barren restrictions are like sticky tar on the heels of Representatives of the United States of ground about 25 miles from Mexico City. of all Americans. Business should speed America in Congress assembled, That (a) The work force, which numbered several along toward achieving goals that benefit the section 1 of the Federal Meat Inspection Act hundred young people, was totally unskilled. entire nation, but today it can barely slog (34 Stat. 1260), as amended, is hereby fur­ Their prior work experience consisted mainly along. The innate healthiness of our system ther amended by adding the following phrase of farming with primitive tools. All of them allows industry to produce well under most at the end of the first sentence of paragraph underwent short, highly intensive training circumstances, but how long can it con­ (j) : "Provided, That margarine containing programs. Within 12 months, these same tinue? animal fat shall not be deemed to be a meat young people were cutting gears and turning Public opinion is the grist of the political food product.". out axles, using highly complex manufactur­ mill, and if it is down on business, the poli­ (b) Subparagraph (m) (9) of section 1 of ing machinery and methods. In less than ticians will turn on business. That's why such Act ls hereby repealed. a year, they had bridged a centuries-old gap. business has to be concerned with public Seeing people move ahead at all levels is opinion. It's up to us to inform the public. exciting. Men we recruited out of college Our aim should not be simply to save our 10 years ago are managing divisions today. jobs, but rather to preserve our American THE REPUBLIC OF CHINA AND THE It's hard to believe how fast time moves. way of life. The free enterprise system is POLICY OF NORMALIZATION There are a score of things I like about my truly the foundation of that way of life. job. Frankly, I can't wait to get here in the Our program here at Eaton recognizes that morning. business has a hell of a story to tell. How about the other side of the coin? Why do you have that picture of the turtle, HON. ROGER H. ZION What are the toughest aspects of running a with the caption saying he only makes prog­ OF INDIANA company like Eaton? ress when he sticks his neck out, behind your IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES I suppose the toughest part is communi­ desk? cating effectively. The larger a company gets, That has been my philosophy. I think it is Tuesday, December 10, 1974 the more difficult it becomes. a good one. And, while it's always marvelous to pro­ Have you had to stick your neck out Mr. ZION. Mr. Speaker, with the re­ mote a person, it's pretty tough to tell some­ often? cently concluded negotiations in Peking one that he's not cutting it. But sometimes Perpetually. by our Secretary of State, I believe that it has to be done, and you lose a lot of sleep it remains vital that we not lose sight of because there's always the chance that a the interests of our allies in the Republic man who didn't make it might have, if he'd of China. Any additional steps toward been given the right direction. MARGARINE AND THE MEAT so-called normalization of relations Or, there's the manager who's doing an INSPECTION ACT should not be done at the expense of the outstanding job at one level and moves up beyond his capab111ties. He falls on his face. free Chinese. How do you salvage him? How do you bring Having just returned from the Repub­ that person back into the organization so HON. ROBERT H. MICHEL lic of China, Brian Crozier has written that he can again make a significant con­ OF ILLINOIS an excellent article in the December 6, tribution and yet not feel he has been be­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 1974, National Review summarizing their littled? present situation. Rather than any psy­ You tried a new approach to employee Tuesday, December 10, 1974 chologi.cal depression from their diplo­ relations in many of your plants. What hap­ Mr. MICHEL. Mr. Speaker, last week I matic difficulties he notes that the people pened there? Over the years some traditional employ­ introduced legislation, H.R. 17566, to on Taiwan have continued to make ex­ ment practices had given rise to an adverse make a minor, technical change in the traordinary progress. He finds that the industrial relations climate. Our new ap­ Meat Inspection Act, so as to redefine GNP of the Republic of China will sur­ proach is based on the premise that every­ margarine or oleomargarine as not being pass the $500 per capita figure this year body is entitled to full respect. We did away a "meat food product." and th us rank second in all of Asia after with such things as time cards and posted For many years margarine has been the Japanese. He found tremendous ex­ shop rules. All of our employees at these defined as a "meat food product" because pansion over the years in availability of plants are salaried, and there are free, fre­ quent and open communications. of an accident of history, the :first mar­ education for the people. How has it worked out? garines having been made from animal Like most countries of the free world, The results have been somewhat fantastic. fats. Today, about 93 to 95 percent of the Republic of Chin·a has su:ff ered some A real feeling of teamwork exists. Produc­ margarine is vegetable. economic setbacks this year. Nonetheless tivity is up at these plants. Absenteeism is However, the vegetable oil margarine free China expects an overall economic practically nil. is under the control of the Food and growth rate of 8.5 percent with indus­ This ts the kind of spirit that's so terribly Drug Administration of the Department trial output up 12.6 percent. They have important today, and it's difficult to find it in of Health, Education, and Welfare while remained especially effective and efficient the older urban industrial complexes. So many manufacturing plants in industrialized the animal fat margarine is under the traders in the world, even surpassing the cities are obsolete or inefficient. On top of control of the Department of Agriculture. total trade of mainland China which has that, restrictive work practices that have The purpose of my bill is simply to bring 50 times as many people. Crozier sum­ flourished over the years result in three to uniformity into the regulation and label­ marizes quite well the problem which the five hours' work for a full day's pay and ing of margarine by putting it all under Republic of China suffers from: pretty good pay at that. Until labor and man­ one agency, the Food and Drug Admin­ With a thriving economy, a visibly hard­ agement can sit down and face up to the istration. That is where the great pre­ working yet relaxed population, an appreci­ need for a new spirit, we aren't going to ponderance of margarine is regulated able but not excessive welfare system, and a create the jobs and opportunities that are and that is where the many new regula­ good many freedoms, Taiwan has all the necessary to progress. normal requisites of recognition as a sov­ You've also set up a program to bring the tions governing food labeling have been ereign state, except one. business message to the general public in the promulgated. communities in which you have operations, There is in my proposal no criticism, This one exception is quite simply that a program called Comm/Pro. What is that? implied or otherwise, of either agency's many more Chinese live under the rule It stands for community communications work in this field. There is no wish nor of the Communists in Peking than the program. Simply put, it's Ea.ton people talk­ desire to diminish consumer protection. ing to the community a.bout business and government in Taipei. Because of this the free enterprise system, and, in turn, lis­ Indeed, to bring all margarine under one many countries have broken relations tening to the community's reaction. regulatory roof will probably help that with the Republic of China and estab­ How did it come about? objective and might well help bring about lished them with Communist China. For­ I had become concerned that people in savings in costs to the Government. I do tunately the United States has proceeded general were either terribly misinformed or not know of any objection to this pro­ with our negotiations and discussions .totally U_!linformed about our whole free posal, the. tex~ of which follows: with Cc_>mmunist . Chit?-a while at_ the 38976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 1 O, 1974 same time maintaining our relations fiuence spreads downward, humbler citizens wavered in his claim. to preside over the le­ with the Republic of China. in great numbers buy (Japanese) motor­ gitimate government of the whole of China, In his visit to Taipei, Crozier discussed cycles, which they drive with alarming dis­ itself the rightful heir to Sun Yat-sen's revo­ regard for their own and other people's lution of 1911. Mao's regime also claims to the frequently suggested solutions to the safety. High-rise buildings have sprung up have inherited Dr. Sun's mantle. The only so-called Taiwan problem. He finds that everywhere and are spreading fast, many of common ground between Mao and Chiang, the suggestion that any autonomy or them air-conditioned. between Peking and Taipei, is that Taiwan prosperity would remain in Taiwan un­ This year, Taiwan's GNP will probably is a province of China. der the domination of the Communists reach the magic $500 per capita-marking I contend in this article that it would be must be dismissed. He cites the example the generally agreed threshold from an un­ morally intolerable for the island and people of the Communists in Tibet as illustrat­ derdeveloped to a developed economy (last of Taiwan to come under Communist rule; year's figure was $494). Fiji made it last year. and I forecast, with reservations I shall spell ing that there would eventually be "the Above them-well above, of course-stands out, that it will, in fact, escape this fate. coercive inauguration of reforms." While only Japan ($1,400) in all Asia. One of my purposes in returning to Tai­ the United States has opposed any pros­ Some of the statistics are startling, not wan, by invitation of the Institute of Inter­ pect of conflict between the Chinese on least the population growth. When the is­ national Relations in Taipei, was to try out the two sides of the Formosa Straits, land reverted to the Republic of China in my private solution to the Taiwanese prob­ Crozier notes that in the Shanghai com­ 1946 after fifty years of Japanese rule, the lem on the existing political leadership. It munique of February 27, 1972, Peking population was just over six million; at the was, as I expected, rejected, but in terms only pledged peaceful settlement of in­ end of last year, it was nearly 15.6 million, which lead me to expeot tha.t, in time, some­ crowded then as now into a territory about thing like it wm in fact be adopted. ternational disputes and defined Taiwan, half the size of Scotland, only one-third of I start from an analogy between the Arab like Tibet, a domestic dispute. which is arable. (In size and density of popu­ nation and the Chinese nation. (The com­ The survival of freedom for the nearly lation, Taiwan compares roughly with parison is legalistic, not ethnic or cultural.) 16 million people on Taiwan and with Holland.) As Nasser used to say, "there is one Arab them traditional Chinese culture de­ When Taiwan reverted to China, there nation, from the Atlantic Ocean to the Per­ pends substantially upon continued were only four institutions of higher learn­ sian Gulf" (yes, he actually said "Persian"). American support for their independ­ ing; now there are 99, including nine uni­ Yet within that one nation, 14 or 15 govern­ versities. In the same period, secondary ments exercise their individual sovereignties. ence. Peace has been maintained in this schools have risen from 215 to 948, and pri­ Why not, then, recognize that there is but part of Asia for nearly a quarter of a mary schools from 1,130 to 2,307. 'In educa­ one Chinese nation, within which at lea.st century now as we have maintained a tion and in economic growth, 1965 was the two and possibly more sovereign states ex­ mutual defense treaty and diplomatic turning point. In that year, the government ist? The most obvious ones are those whose relations with the Republic of China. The took two crucial decisions: to dispense with governments are in Peking and Taipei; but existing situation of stability and prog­ American economic aid and to extend the it could be argued that Lee Kuan-yew's Re­ period of compulsory education from six to public of Singapore is another. (Would it be ress in Taiwan coupled with a new un­ nine years (in effect, raising the school­ is straining the constitutional imagination too certainty over what transpiring both leaving age to 15). The first signaled the far to postulate a Chinese Republic of Hong within Communist China and in Sino­ point of self-sustaining growth; the second Kong in the closing years of this century?) Soviet relations provide continuing rea­ created the prerequisite of sophistication­ To advocate, at some suitable date, the sons for maintaining our close ties with a sk1lled labor force. proclamation of a "Chinese Republic of Tai­ the free Chinese. That policy ls now paying off. Taiwan waln" is not at all the same as the "Two In order for my colleagues to review manufactures electronic calculators and Chinas" theory roundly condemned by Mao the present situation regarding the Re­ color television, mostly for export, and builds and Chiang. Nor has it anything to do with cars under license from Ford and Geneva! the so-called "Taiwanese independence public of China I include the article by Motors. To sustain the growth, electric power movement," which was a Japanese-supported Brian Crozier I have referred to at this output has soared, and will probably rise and Tokyo-based dissident grou p advocat­ point in the RECORD: this year to 22,902 million kwh. ing independence for the Taiwanese-that '[From the National Review, Dec. 6, 1974] In common with most countries in the is, for the descendants of the followers of international trading market, Taiwan is in THE ART OF SURVIVAL the Ming patriot Koxinga, who f:ettled the fact going through a recession of sorts, with island in 1661 to escape Manchura role, and (By Brian Crozier*) a dose of inflation. But all is relative. Last whose native Chinese dialect ls Fukiennese. I came to Taiwan expecting to find the year's industrial growth rate was a phenom­ Some years ago, the top leaders of that move­ people and their leaders tense and depressed, enal 22.7 per cent, this year's wlll prob­ ment dropped theh· claims and returned as diplomatic isolation closes in on them. ably not exceed 12.6 per cent-a percentage to Taiwan. Instead, I found confidence, determination, most economies would envy. In his state of As for the "Two Chinas" idea, it would and indeed defiance. The favorite compari­ the nation speech before the Legislative mean de jure recognition of the present de sons are with Britain after Dunkirk, and Yuan (or parliament) on September 17, the facto (and logically absurd) situation in with beleaguered Israel today. Churchill is a Premier, General Chiang Ching-kuo (son of which two regimes each claim to be the gov­ revered name. There are many reasons for the President), predicted an overall eco­ ernment of the whole of China. the prevailing self-confidence, but the easiest nomic growth rate of 8.5 per cent, which In contrast, a Chinese Republic of Taiwan to grasp is that Taiwan is, in the fullest some experts believe is about 2 per cent too would renounce its claim to the Mainland sense, a going concern. high. Two days after the Premier's speech, (or at the least, its claim to govern the I first came to the island more than 17 the Central Bank of China announced cuts Mainland), and proclaim its sovereign rule years ago, and was possibly the first Western of 0.5 to 1.5 per cent in interest rates, to over all the inhabitants of the territories correspondent to interview Generalissimo stimulate exports, in the face of a current now actually controlled by the government Chiang Kai-shek since the Chinese National­ balance of trade deficit running ·at about of the Republic of China, which include the ists lost the Mainland in 1949; and almost $700 m1llion for the year. Last year Taiwan Kinmen and Matsu islands and the Pesca­ certainly the first to report on the extraordi­ had a trade surplus of $690 million. dores. narily successful land reform program ac­ Short of a world depression, there is little On paper, this solution looks attractive. complished some years earlier. In the eco­ doubt that the brilliant economic manage­ In private, as I discovered during my visit, nomic field, land reform was the springboard ment of the past decade will solve these many ordinary citizens, and even some offi­ for takeoff: not only did it enable the peas­ passing difficulties. And meanwhile, over­ cials, are already thinking on these lines, ants and farmers to own the land they tilled, all trade continues to soar. The value of It did not take me long, however, to be but by indemnifying the landlords in indus­ the island's trade exceeds that of Mainland convinced that it stands no chance of ac­ trial bonds, it turned them into capitalists. China, with fifty times the population. ceptance in the immediate future. In 1957, however, the signs of underdevel­ With a thriving economy, a visibly hard­ The interesting thing, perhaps, was that opment were many. The roads, for instance, working yet relaxed population, an appreci­ members of the nation~l provincial govern­ were inadequate in number and in a shock­ able but not excessive welfare system, and a ments were willing to discuss the idea at all. ing state of disrepair, although the rural good many freedoms, Taiwan has all the In 1957 it would have courted an angry dis­ population, on the evidence of my own eyes, normal requisites of recognition as a sover­ missal. In those days, the daily refrain, in already had a higher standard of living than eign state, except one. The exception, how­ the press and in speeches, was the imminent that of, say, Portugal. ever, is overwhelmingly important: the gov­ "recovery of the Mainland." Now that the Today, the potholes have gone, there are ernment of the Republic of China demon­ myth of the return, which sustains the Kuo­ many modern roads, and the great north­ strably exercises no control over the territory mintang (Nationalist Party) and justifies its south highway is under rapid construction. of continental China, with its 700 million rule, ls still alive and cannot lightly be dis­ Taipei has dense private car traffic. As af- people, over which and over whom it claims carded. Only now it is presented in a different sovereignty. way. The Nationalists see themselves-not *Mr. Crozier founded the Institute for the To be more precise, Chiang Kai-shek, unreasonably at a time when Mao's regime Study of Conflict in London, to study revo- driven from the Mainland in 1949 by Mao is explicitly committed to destroying China's 1utionary challenges to security all over the Tse-tung's crushing military victory over his cultural and philosophical past-as the cus­ world. demoralized Nationalist forces, has never todians of China's great and ancient culture. December 10, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 38977 Besides, the argument goes on, look at minor islands is guaranteed by the United pect, in time, to see the proclamation of a what is happening on the Mainland. And States under the Mutual Defense Treaty of Chinese Republic of Taiwan. indeed, the proposition that the Chinese December 1954, although any action is lim­ People's Republic is a self-perpetuating ited, as usual in treaties to which the U.S. autocracy (as the Soviet Union demonstrably is a party, by "constitutional processes." is) remains to be proved. Mao Tse-tung de­ The treaty is of indefinite duration. But stroyed the existing Communist Party (as will it remain operative if, and when, the THE MACARONI CONGRESSES created by Liu Shao-ch'i) during the Cul­ United States decides to recognize the tural Revolution, and it may be doubted Chinese People's Republic, thereby, it would that the new Party organization is as effec­ seem, withdrawing recognition of the other HON. LESLIE C. ARENDS tive an instrument of repression as the old. party to the treaty and therefore the obli­ OF ILLINOIS His designated heir, Lin Piao, is dead and gation to protect its territories? That is the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES disgraced. A reshuffle of military command­ crux of the issue, and all over the Far East­ ers last January raised questions about ulti­ especially in Taipei-American diplomatic Tuesday, December 10, 1974 mate loyalties; and the new Party leaders, staffs anxiously, and so far in vain, await Mr. ARENDS. Mr. Speaker, in the such as Wang Hungwen, the promoted clarification. Shanghai activist, enjoy only such prestige Recognition of Peking is, of course, part December 1974, edition of Nation's Busi­ as Mao has conferred upon them. Most sig­ of the logic of the Nixon-Kissinger rap­ ness, noted columnist James J. Kilpat­ nifi.cant of all, the ablest executive of them prochement with the Chinese Communists. patrick makes some timely and interest­ all, Chou En-lai, is not now expected to be On his recent visit to Peking, Senator Henry ing comparisons of the responsibility and there to provide a steadying influence when Jackson recommended early recognition in performance of the Congress in recent Mao is gone. Observing these things, the his report to the Senate Armed Services Com­ years, particularly in fiscal affairs. His Nationalists argue that this is not the time mittee. It is fair to suppose that he did so comments provide much food for serious to renounce their claims to the Mainland. in the light of his realistic appreciation of There is force in the argument. the Soviet strategic threat; but I am not thought. Every Member and Member­ The ages of the victorious and vanquished sure that he has sufficiently studied the elect of this House should take a few leaders of the Chinese civil war have an im­ consequences. True, his report said: "As I minutes to read them. portant bearing on the survival of Taiwan. told the Chinese in Peking, we will honor Under leave to extend my remarks in Mao Tse-tung is 81; Chiang Kai-shek is our treaty with Taiwan as we do others. the RECORD, I include Mr. Kilpatrick's about to celebrate his 87th birthday. Mao is Yet, fundamentally, the American commit­ column herewith: ment is to the people on Taiwan and not to still active, still able to shock and surprise. THE MACARONI CONGRESSES Chiang has played little part in public affairs any particular formula." since his very capable and energetic son, Is it? That is precisely where clarifi.cation (By James J. Kilpatrick) himself 68, took over as Premier some years has not been forthcoming. N-0r does the It is a fair rule of politics that the victor ago. But his presence in the background, Shanghai Communique of February 27, 1972, gets the spoils. But it often is an unfair rule with his long and extraordinary story of which concluded Nixon's visit to Peking, help of politics that the victor also gets the blame. leadership, success and failure behind him, in this respect, for it does not mention the Because of this second rule, the Republicans inhibits fundamental change, if indeed it Mutual Defense Treaty. In it the Americans got clobbered in the November election. is needed. reaffirmed their "interest in a peaceful settle­ The Grand Old Party lost three seats in There has been much facile talk of a ment of the Taiwan question by the Chinese the Senate, 40-plus seats in the House, and deal between Peking and Taipei when Chiang themselves" (which falls short of the "deal" most of the Governorships. At lower levels is no longer. Such talk is unrealistic, for it that is talked about); the Americans are of public office the pattern was the same. takes two to make a deal, and on the Na­ committed to the progressive reduction of The losses hardly reached the magnitude of tionalist side there is absolutely no incen­ tension, but the Chinese Communists made a catastrophe, and the outcome does not tive to negotiate. Any accommodation with no commitment to refrain from using force portend the death of the Republican Party. the Mainland regime could only erode, and over Taiwan. They did agree that "interna­ But as a political achievement, it was nothing ultimately jeopardize, the way of life and tional disputes" should be settled without much to write home about, either. the standard of living that have been built the threat or the use of force; but by their Why did it happen? One contributing fac­ on Taiwan. Nor is there any difference, on definition, the status of Taiwan is not an tor, of course, was Watergate, for which the this score, between the Taiwanese and the international dispute. Republicans cannot duck the blame; the Mainlanders, for all share in the prosperity There are grounds for hoping that Ameri­ Committee for the Reelection of the Presi­ and relative freedom. For that matter, the can diplomacy is pressing the need to main­ dent, after all, was a committee for the re­ old tensions between the two communities tain a diplomatic presence even if normal election of their President, and the leaching have largely subsided, not only because of diplomatic relations are established with dye of scandal stains a whole wash. Another the shared success story, but because of the Peking. It will be interesting to see whether far-sighted policy of conducting all teaching factor was President Ford's untimely pardon they succeed. From Peking's standpoint an of Richard Nixon, which robbed the Republi­ in standard Peking Chinese (Mandarin) important question of principle and the risk since the return of the island to Chinese can campaign of both unity and momentum. of a dangerous precedent are involved. If A major factor, demanding our most sober rule, so that all but the aging elders of Tai­ conceded, other countries would want to do wanese stock can understand each other. thought, was the apathy of the turned-off as the Americans do. voters; an estimated 145 milllon men and The formula favored by those who talk of a The Chinese Communists are being "deal" is the conferment of "autonomous women were eligible to vote, but it appears adamant in insisting that governments can­ that only 38 per cent of them bothered to province" status in Taiwan by the Chinese not expect to deal with them if they also People's Republic. On Taiwan itself, no one go to the polls. deal with Taiwan. From the Nationalist Many other factors also played a part. The is going to fall for that one. Autonomous standpoint an this is highly inconvenient. status would mean the presence of the Peo­ dispirited Republicans let 60 House seats go With Chinese ingenuity, they are opening by default. In many state and local con­ ple's Liberation Army, Party cadres, and in trade and/or cultural offices in countries that time (as in Tibet) the coercive inauguration have withdrawn diplomatic recognition from tests, personalities were far more important of "reforms." their government and persuading them to do than national issues. G.O.P. candidates found The only situation in which a "deal" could likewise. Sensibly, many have done so. it hard to raise campaign funds. Plenty of be negotiated would be one of duress, with For the Nationalists, the phase that began reasons can be cited. the withdrawal of American protection and with the Nixon visit to Peking demands The overriding cause was the state of the irresistible pressure for a settlement. In poli­ strong nerves, as well as ingenuity. They lack economy, and it was here that the unfair tics, nothing is quite impossible, but even neither. Some of them draw attention to rule of politics came into play. In any ra­ now any American Administration that at­ tional view of the national malaise, the the probability that neither Japan nor the Republicans are no more to blame for the tempted to pressure the Nationalists into a Soviet Union would accept a Peking takeover, surrender of sovereignty would be inviting even if the Americans stopped protecting tides of inflation than they are to blame for a massive outcry not limited to members of them; although any m111tary deal with the the tides of Passamaquoddy. The economic the "China lobby." Russians would be highly distasteful. sickness is world-wide; its diagnosis is in­ Alternatively, a surrender deal would pre­ finitely complex, and the cure will be neither Will it ever come to that? The trouble is short nor simple. suppose a renewal of the civil war, with a that as the Taiwan success story grows, so successful Communist invasion of the island. No force has contributed more to inflation, In military terms alone, this too looks un­ does the affront to Peking. In an identical in terms of our domestic economy, than the li:kely. The best expert advice is that the situation, East Germany built a wall across recurring deficits of the federal government. Chinese Communist navy and air force could Berlin to fence its people in. The hundred­ The loose practice is to look back to the probably not land more than three divisions mile-wide Taiwan St rait is an effective moat, 1968 deficit of $25.2 blllion and term it a of assault troops on the island. Even without but refugees do come across, as they do in "Johnson deficit," or to deplore the 1972 American protection, the Nationalist forces u ncliminishing numbers to Hong Kong. deficit of $23.2 billion as a "Nixon deficit." could deal with a threat of this order. The only hope of peaceful reunification , I The gentleman in the White Hous~and by In this context, the ambiguity that hangs believe, lies in a collapse of central authority extension, the gentleman's political party­ ove::- America's intentions has its uses. As within a year or two of Mao's death. If no always gets the blame. This ls grossly unfair. t h ings stand, the security of Taiwan and the such collapse takes place, then I would ex- These recurring deficits, amounting to CXX--2457-Par t 29 38978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 10, 1974 more than $100 billion over the past 10 This has been the pattern for longer than the game, this wlll be known as "the Ford years, were not Presidential deficits. They most newsmen can remember. No war ever recession." Don't ever let anyone tell you the were Congressional deficits. To the limited has been paid for out of pocket, and the war rules make sense. extent that party responsibility can be fixed, in Viet Nam followed in this expensive tradi­ it is the Democrats who must bear it: They tion. All the same, the deficits could have have dominated the committees on appro­ been greatly reduced if Congress had raised priations, finance, and ways and means for taxes and reduced nonmilitary outlays. On STRUCTURE OF THE NEW two decades. Because we do not have party the contrary, taxes were actually lowered government, in the sense that the British and nonmilitary outlays were greatly in­ IRELAND have party government, it is an oversimpli­ creased. Congress was in no humor to impose fication to lay the responsibility on the unpopular measures in order to ease the in­ Democrats alone. The fiscal policies that flationary impact of an unpopular war. The HON. PAUL W. CRONIN produced the deficits were supported as people indicated no hunger for austerity. The OF MASSACHUSETTS cheerfully by one party as by the other. The printing presses rolled; the debt went up and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES decisions were Congressional decisions. No the dollar declined. Tuesday, December 10, 1974 one at the White House duped or misled If Congress today were seriously interested the House and Senate. The cold, uncom­ in reducing federal spending, the better to Mr. CRONIN. Mr. Speaker, much has fortable figures were there all the time. If provide a high example of bullet-biting, Con­ been written about the conflict in Ireland there had been desire on capitol Hill to raise gress would look seriously at such programs and the nature of the belligerents, espe­ revenues or to reduce spending, the ma­ as Social Security and the food stamp racket. cially the provisional Irish Republican chinery was at hand to accomplish these Is Social Security "untouchable?" Doubt­ ends. The machinery never was used. less it is today, but a prediction is in order: Army-the IRA. The question is asked: Will the machinery be put to work now? If Congress fails to act within the next few "Does the Irish Republican movement Will Congress take significant steps toward years to bring the illusions of Social Security have a serious political proposal for the a closer balancing of the budget? When that into line with reality, we will see a political future of Ireland?" To answer this ques­ day comes, fish will fly and birds will swim. explosion tha.t will blow the system sky-high. tion, it is best to go to the source. The President Ford may be ready to bite the Young men and women entering the labor following is an excerpt from a pamphlet bullet, but Congress is not yet prepared to force in the 1970s are not stupid. Vast sums on the "EIRE NUA'' plan published by bite anything tougher than macaroni. Mr. have been spent on their education, with the the provisional Sinn Fein, 2a Lower Ford's modest little proposal for a 5 per cent result that many of them can read, write and surcharge on certain income taxes, intended do their numbers. They are bound to recog­ Kevin St., Dublin, Ireland: to pay for make-work programs of public nize Social Security as a fraud so massive STRUCTURE OF THE NEW IRELAND employment, was greeted with cries of in­ that its sponsors, if they operated in the The object of the Republican Movement ls dignation and dismay. A President proposes; private sector, would be hustled off to prison. to establish a new society in Ireland-EIRE the Congress disposes. And this Congress is These young workers eventually will rebel NUA. To achieve that aim, the existing sys­ not disposed toward austerity. against the system. If they are to be heavily tem of undemocratic Partition rule must be Some months ago, a group of House con­ taxed in the name of "insurance," they will abolished and replaced with an entirely new servatives led by Jack F. Kemp of New York demand a system that pays benefits in the system based upon the unity and sovereignty compiled a staggering table of 450 proposals fashion of other insurance. of the Irish People. The new system shall then before Congress. If all the proposals The food stamp racket seems to be equally embody three main features:~ had been adopted, according to their cal­ untouchable right now, but this too will ( 1) A New Constitution. culations, the cost to the taxpayers over four have to · be coldly reexamined. When the (2) A New Governmental Structure. :fl.seal years would have totaled $871 billion. program came into being in 1964, some 367,- (3) A New Programme for Social and Eco­ To be precise: $871,363,307,000. The bills 000 recipients qualified for benefits costing nomic Development. ranged from a Forestry Incentives Act, with $26 mil11on. In the coming fiscal year, 16 A NEW CONSTITUTION m1111on · persons will get stamps costing $3 a price tag of $100 million, to the Small The New Constitution would provide: Communities Planning, Development and billion. By 1977, according to Congresswoman Martha Griffiths, 60 million persons may be (a) A charter of rights which would in­ Training Act, at a tidy $24 billion. Members corporate the principle of securing to the of Congress had introduced bills to promote eligible. The program long since has soared past any humanitarian justification. It has individual protective control of his condi­ educational equity for women ($80 million), tions of living subject to the common good. to establish an Asian Studies Institute ($75 become a swelling infection in our political process, and it is deeply resented. (b) A structure of government which mlllion), to establish Big Thicket National would apply this principle by providing for Preserve in Texas ($71 million) and to sub­ Before its October adjournment, Congress had two or three significant opportunities to the maximum distribution of authority at sidize the removal of abandoned automobiles provincial and subsidiary level. ($152 million). Still other members proposed demonstrate its zeal, if any, for reduction establishing national holidays honoring the of federal spending. There was a bill for for­ DRAFT CHARTER OF RIGHTS births of John F. Kennedy and Martin Luther eign mllitary and economic aid that could We suggest a Charter of Rights on the fol­ King, at a quadrennial cost of $400 million have been, and should have been, whacked lowing lines: each. to the bone; it was passed with plenty of "We, the people of Ireland, resolved to Individually, some of the spending pro­ fat. There was a Presidential request to post­ establish political sovereignty, social prog­ posals may have had merit. Collectively they pone a federal pay raise for three months, at ress, and human justice in this island do spoke eloquently of a Congressional atti­ a saving of $700 mlllion; the Senate would hereby pledge that we will practise tolerance tude toward the public purse. This attitude not postpone. Mr. Ford vetoed a railroad re­ and live in peace with one another in order is in part a legacy of the notion that con­ tirement bill that carries a $7 billion price to achieve a better life for all and we declare tinues to dominate much liberal thought­ tag over the next 25 years; both chambers our adherence to the following principles: that any social problem can be solved if only voted overwhelmingly to override the veto. Article 1. All citizens are born free and a little more money is spent on it. In part A good case could be made for e.ach of these equal in dignity and rights. Every person is the attitude stems from the sheer magni­ measures. The complex situation as to rail­ entitled to the rights of citizenship Without tude of the sums involved. It is an intoxi­ road retirement had particular appeal. But distinction of any kind, such as distinction cating experience to deal with a billion dol­ some special interest can make a good case of race, sex, religion, philosophical convic­ lars here and a billion dollars there. The fig­ for most taxing and spending proposals in­ tion, language or political outlook. ures cease to have meaning. troduced on the Hill. Business people make Article 2. Every person has the right to life, The attitude is further encouraged by a a good case for tax breaks that encourage in­ liberty and security of person. No one shall certain remoteness and diffusion in the fis­ vestment. The health and education people be subjected to arbitrary arrest or detention. cal process. It is one thing to sit in a small argue plausibly that their needs must never Article 3. Every person has the right to town's city council, with the taxpayers 10 be neglected. In the recent election, orga­ freedom of conscience and religion and the feet away; it is quite a different matter to nized labor spent millions to promote the open practice and teaching of ethical and sit in a chamber of 435 members, with the campaigns of candidates who would vote for political beliefs. This includes the right of taxpayers you represent safely distant by per­ the spending programs desired by labor. The assembly, peaceable association, petition and haps 3,000 miles. pressures applied to Congress come from freedom of expression and communication. These observations do not wholly explain every quarter, and the pressures add up to Article 4. Every person has the right to this: Tax less and spend more. It is a curious participate in the government of the country the mountainous deficits that have piled up way to combat inflation. and to equal access to public service. in recent years. The taxing and spending pol­ The realistic prospect is that things will Article 5. The basis of government is the icies decreed by Congress a.re a pretty fair get worse before they get any better. The will of the people. This is expressed in a direct reflection of the taxing and spending policies 94th Congress, convening in January, will be participatory democracy and free elections by desired by the pressure groups and lobbies another macaroni Congress. The new Budget secret ballot. The right of the citizen as an that have the greatest clout. It is a terrible Reform Act m'..l.y provide some moderating in­ individual to follow his conscience and ex­ thing to say, but the people generally get fluence. President Ford's leadership may com­ press his opinion is valid against any ma.the­ about the kind of government they deserve. mand increasing popular support. But the matically contrived attempt to repress him. Those who make irresponsible demands have probabilities are strong that ·our country Article 6. Every person l1as the · right to little right to complain if their demands are ·will be deep in double-digit inflation for education according to personal ability, work met irresponsibly. many months to come. Under the rules of and a standard of living worthy of a free December 10, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 38979 citizen. This rlght extends to food, housing, and would therefore have considerable con­ be equalled. The beautiful part of his en- medical care, and security against unemploy­ trol over theil.r own affairs. That power would . tire life and character is that people love ment, mness and disability. . be the surest guarantee of their civil and Article 7. Every person has the right to and admire him. Few men ever won the religious liberties within a New Ireland. esteem of his colleagues as did this "Mr. equal pay for equal work and to join a trade REGIONAL GOVERNMENT-ADMINISTRATIVE union for protection of his lnterests. Mother­ Frugal" from the land of the tall corn. hood and childhood reserve society's special Regional Development CouncUs would be As this Nation fights the battle of in­ ca.re and attention. Men and women have the established to promote and co-ordinate the flation and recession, the warnings and equal right to marry and found a family. economic, social and cultural affairs of clearly defined economic regions. For exam­ prophecies of H. R. GRoss will find a way Article 8. In the exercise of his rights, every to come back and remind us. person shall be subject only to such limita­ ple, East Ulster and West Ulster, having ~f­ tions as shall secure recognition and respect ferent economic problems, would require Mr. GRoss well deserves rest and rec­ for the rights of others and the welfare of separate Regional Development Councils. reation, and all those blessings which his the democratic community." The Regional Development Council would energies helped provide for others. We Jn addition, it is intended that the Euro­ be a single chamber consisting of: are tempted to say what was said when pean Conventiori on Human Rights should (a) Representatives of District Cou nciJ.ls Lincoln was taken: "He was like a lordly be made part of the lnternal domestic law of within the region concerned. pine, and when he fell, it left a lonesome the New Ireland. (b) A Commission of experts appointed by the Provincial Government. place in the sky." GOVERNMENTAL STRUCTURE As well as assessing and co-ordinating the The proposed government structure would work of District Councils, the Regional De­ be federal in character and would consist of velopment Councils would be responsible for four levels: collectlion of rates and taxes. Third and UNITED NATIONS (a) Federal (Central) Government: based Higher Level Education, Hospitalisation, upon the unity and sovereignty of the people communications, and development of growth of Ireland. centres. (b) Provincial Government: based upon DISTRICT GOVERNMENT-LOCAL HON. CLAIR W. BURGENER the four historic provinces. OF CALIFORNIA (c) Regional (Administrative) Govern­ A system of District Government would ment: based upon clearly defined economic replace the existtng local government au­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES regions. thorities North and South. It would consist Tuesday, December 10, 1974 (d) District (Local) Government: which of District Councils democratically elected would replace existing local government by the people on a Proportional Representa­ Mr. BURGENER. Mr. Speaker, in light North and South. tton basis. A Council would govern an area of the continuing trend away from alle­ FEDERAL GOVERNMENT which has physical and social unity, and on giance to the precepts of its own Charter the basis of justice and efficiency would take 1. The Federal Parliament. Dail Eieann, by the United Nations I have written to and implement decisions appropriate to its the President urging consideration of the would be a single chamber of approximately area, with the minimum control by Central 150 deputies elected as follows:- Government, in accordance with the princt­ suspension of our payments t.o that or­ (a) 50% by direct universal suffrage on the ple of subsidiarity of function ganization. I insert the text of this letter Proportional Representation System. In brief, a Distr.J.ct Council would be a local in the RECORD to bring it to the atten­ (b) 50% in equal numbers from each pro­ people's assembly. Councils would vary in tion of those Members who may be vincial parliament. size and area of jurisdiction. In determintng interested: 2. The Federal Parliament would control a council's area of jurisdiction, physical and all powers and functions essential to the HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, social unity would be the principal factors Washington, D.C., December 10, 1974. good of the whole nation. along witb the wishes of the local inhab­ 3. The Federal Parliament would elect a Hon. GERALD R. FORD, President, who would be both Prime Minister itants. President of the United States, The purpose of a District Council would be The White House, and Head of State. to foster the social, economic and cultural 4. The President would nominate a Gov­ Washington, D.C. ernment consisting of a limited number of development of a speCilfl.c area. Involvement DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: You are aware of the ministers for election by the Federal Parlia­ in the decision making process at this level mounting support in the nation and in the ment. of government would be the keynote and Congress for the proposition that the United 5. Members elected to the Government strength of the governmental system. States should either suspend or drastically would relinquish their seats in the Federal The above proposals for a governmental reduce our payments to the United Nations. Parliament. There would be a provision fer structure are put forward as a realistic basis This comes in the wake ot over ten years Qf eleotlhg a; festrlcteKorea and Cambodia Dall Chonnacht and Dail na Mumhan) based ment at the end of this session. arise. on the four historic provinces of Ireland­ By precept and example, the astute The events of recent weeks are not isolated Ulster, .Leinster, Connacht and Munster­ Mr. GRoss has become a national symbol from the trend that has been apparent to would deal with their respective areas. of wise stewardship and unchallenged U. N. observers over the last decade. The be­ The estabH.shment of Dail Uladh would be trust of public funds. havior of that world body has been open to the first step towards the creation of this question on many issues over the years from new governmental structure for the whole Few Members dared take on the the Congo debates to the "Two-Chinas" ques­ island. By thus creating a Provincial Parlia­ "Mighty Mite" in debate, and those who tion and many others. We, as a sovereign ment for the nine counties of Ulster withtn did, have the scars to prove it. Mr. GRoss nation, must take a close look at where the a New Ireland, the partition system would had the time, the tenacity, and the talent United Nations is going and where our con­ be disestablished and the problem of the for digging into :figures and bringing tinued support of that body is taking us. border removed. Dail Uladh would be repre­ them to light. His words could scald the During the first twenty-five years of the spenders, and his arithmetic could wither United Nations we did not exercise our power sentative of Catholic and Protestant, Or1;1.nge of the Security Council veto. During that and Green, Left and_IMght. It would be an the budget busters. same period ( 1945-1970) the Sovfet Union Ulster Parliament for the Ulster people. The ·On the firing line for 26 years, this used the veto over 100 times. Since 1970 we D°nionist-oriented people of Ulster would ·man established a record of attendance, have found it necessary to use the veto less have a working majority within the Province shrewdness, and economy that ma~ never than 10 ·times. And yet, we are branded as 38980 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 10, 1974 the "obstructionists!" Rationality has been him the money to share in what is never more understanding and appreciation of our color­ sadly la.eking in the body that was to bring than a chancy enterprise-the finding of new ful national mosaic. During fiscal year 1974, reason to the international community. oil. the Ethnic Studies Program was one of the It seems clear that the United States must It is the independents who nevertheless best-administered and broad-based programs re-evaluate the benefits it derives from the find most of our new oil. Pattillo Higgins and in the Office of Education. monies it pours into the United Nations. Anthony Lucas, who discovered Spindletop, Therefore, we were shocked to learn that The annual "payment" must be carefully worked for themselves-not for Standard Oil the Administration did not want to build examined. In its life the United Nations has or any other major company. C. M. "Dad" on this excellent first-year record and con­ spent slightly less than $12 billion of which Joiner, the finder of the East Texas oil field, tinue this worthwhile program. The hopes of the United States has contributed almost $5 was on no major company payroll. Of the America's "ethnic" representatives for a billion. We cannot continue to finance at tre­ fields in Oklahoma, West Texas, East Texas meaningful ethnic heritage program have mendous cost an operation which has vio­ and Southeast New Mexico, independents been replaced by a sense of chagrin. We urge lated its own Charter, rejected the concept found 487, major companies 291. you to not allow this program to be dis­ of sovereignty, and taken the road of irra­ continued at the end of the current fiscal tionality which may result in tragedy. year before being given a chance to even Supporters of the United Nations have show its vast potential. long stated that it is mankind's la.st and ETHNIC HERITAGE STUDIES PRO­ Suggestions from HEW officials that sup­ best hope to avert a final, catastrophic war. port for such programs might be obtained The trends now apparent in the United Na­ GRAM SHOULD BE FUNDED through the mechanics of revenue sharing tions raise the very real question . . . "might are, to say the least, musory. We frankly do not World War III be caused by that interna­ HON. THADDEUS J. DULSKI not believe that without direction and as­ tional body?" Our continued financial sup­ sistance on the federal level a program of port for an organization which has the sad OF NEW YORK this nature could be successfully developed record of the United Nations is a very ques­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and implemented. tionable policy. I urge you to give very se­ Tuesday, December 10, 1974 We Americans of Polish ancestry are proud rious consideration to the option of with­ of what our heritage has contributed to holding our annual payment for the 1975 as• Mr. DULSKI. Mr. Speaker, for the past America. Other ethnic groups are equally sessments to the United Nations. 26 years, the American Council of Polish proud of their share in the cultural and so­ Sincerely, Cultural Clubs and its associated mem­ cial enrichment of this country. CLAIR W. BURGENER, ber organizations have been dedicated to Mr. President, do not turn a deaf ear on Member of Congress. the ethnic Americans whom you recently the dissemination of Polish cultural "saluted". By your own comments you have values and to the promotion of Polish confirmed that they have a right to be proud and Polish-American cultural achieve­ of their background which "enriches our ments. By weaving the best from the country and endows it with greater resiliency, OIL DEPLETION Polish heritage into the rich mosaic of understanding, tolerance and strength". You great American culture, the council have also noted justly that they have "never served well the cultural enrichment of failed to answer the call to arms when Amer­ HON. JAMES M. COLLINS ica needed their help". We are grateful for this Nation and the cultural legacy of our these remarks and hope that they reflect a OF TEXAS forefathers as well. greater understanding on your part of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES I am pleased that one of the most ac­ just needs and aspirations of America's "eth­ Tuesday, December 10, 1974 tive organizations in the council is the nic" population. Polish Arts Club in my own district in The Ethnic Heritage Program would be an Mr. COLLINS of Texas. Mr. Speaker, Bufialo. This fine group has contributed excellent means of Bicentennial recognition, we all know the energy crisis in this greatly to the better understanding and Mr. President, for the great contribution country. The answer is more new oil and appreciation of our American mosaic. which the millions of immigrants have made gas. The proposed legislation in Congress to the development of the United States. As one of the strong supporters of the Conversely, its abandonment would indicate is depletion cuts which will cut new ex­ ethnic heritage studies program, I share further erosion of interest in this large seg­ ploration in half. the disappointment of the many ethnic ment of our population. On December l, there was an enlight­ groups in our Nation wit~1 the adminis­ I have, therefore, been directed by the Of­ ening editorial in the Dallas Morning tration's failure to request funding for ficers and Board members of the American !'!e'.1!~. Here ~re the highlights of the fiscal 1975. Council of Polish Cultural Clubs who niet Dallas News comments on depletion: here recently hi our Nation's capiW.i to a);>­ Mr. Walter Zachariasiewicz, president peal to you, Mr. President, to accord this There are several ways to describe the bill of the American Council of Polish Cul­ to abolish the depletion allowance. One is Program your personal support. In this con­ ture Clubs recently wrote a most per­ nection, the ACPCC would be pleased to meet "destructive"; another is "shortsighted"; still with you to verify the wide support this another is "harebrained." suasive letter to the President on this The oil industry is supposed to be making subject, and I would like to insert the Program has throughout the United States. "obscene profits" out of the energy crisis. text of it as part of my remarks: Such a meeting would also indicate the Ad­ AMERICAN COUNCIL OF ministration's concern of preserving cultural And so the industry must be put in its place. values of the American multi-ethnic mosaic. Besides that, if we are to have a tax cut POLISH CULTURAL CLUBS, Respectfully, Congress must make some show of proceeding Wo~hington, D.C., November 27, 1974. in a fiscally responsible manner. Too difficult The PRESIDENT, WALTER ZACHARIASIEWICZ, to offset the tax cut by cutting federal spend­ The White House, President. ing. Much easier simply to replace the lost Washington, D.C. taxes with new taxes. And who more popular DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: We have learned with to tax than those bloated oilmen? deep regret and disappointment that your In truth, there is no truth in such reason­ Administration did not ask for any funds for REPRESENTATIVE H. R. GROSS ing. the ETHNIC HERITAGE STUDIES PRO­ The big jumps in oil company profits­ GRAM in the fiscal year 1975 budget. While which grew out of the Arab oil cartel's quad­ speaking on behalf of 23 member organiza­ HON. TIM LEE CARTER rupling of prices-are about over. They look tions of the American Council of Polish Cul­ OF KENTUCKY big only in relation to preembargo profits, tural Clubs, my comments herein also reflect IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVll:S which were among the lowest recorded by the disillusionment of other ethnic groups. any major industry. In 1975, when earnings The original Congressional authorization Monday, December 9, 1974 are stacked up against 1974 earnings, the for this vital new program was $15 million. Mr. CARTER. Mr. Speaker, in paying increases will start to look rather small. During fiscal year 1974, led by the author of But it is the major companies, in any case, the Ethnic Studies Act, Senator Schweiker tribute to the distinguished career of that are earning such profits-not the do­ of Pennsylvania, an initial appropriation of H. R. GRoss, our colleague from Iowa: in mestic independents, who are the segment $2.5 million was made. expressing thanks for his wise counsel of the industry certain to suffer most if the You will be interested to know that more during his many years of service in this depletion allowance is ended. than 1,000 exciting and valuable proposals body; and in recognition of his deep faith With the depletion allowance, the majors were submitted to the U.S. Office of Educa­ in the American people and of his efforts can likely dispense; they have great sums tion in support of the program. They all had anyway which can be plowed into exploration. one common purpose i.e. to enrich American to stand guard for the taxpaying citizen, But the depletion "loophole"-as critics of culture through the contributions of our I just want to say that I reserve the right the industry are pleased to call it--is the ethnic populations and to create a more tol­ to object-and I would ordinarily object, independent oilman's mainstay. I't provides erant and cohesive society through a better but I shall withhold my objection. December 1 O, 1~74 . EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 38981 Actually, Mr. Speaker, we owe a great and the questioning resumed. Each question that he was "sadlsti~ally tortured." Yet the deal to our distinguished colleague from was followed by a Jolt from the meta.I rod. consular officer, in his report of the visit, did "I lay limp like a corpse after the first two not include any physical discriptlon of Jim's Iowa, and I earnestly hope that he will hours of shocks, but it didn't matter to the condition. Nor was there any attempt by the continue to play a role in keeping our agents. They only became more determined embassy to have an American doctor examine Government on the right track. His work to make me talk. I jerked back to life each Jim. will always be important to us and to the time they Jolted me. I could not even talk, In another case, an American girl has com­ American people. my nervous system was so confused. But it plained that Mexican agents, during her in­ kept on for six hours. And then I returned to terrogation, tore earrings off her pierced ear­ my cell to think about it and recuperate." lobes. If true, the evidence of the physical The next morning, Jim signed a confession damage would still be there a few days later. and is now in Lecumberri Prison in Mexico The embassy file on her case, however, does JUSTICE IN MEXICO-II City awaiting an almost sure conviction and not indicate when a consular officer first saw sentence of 6¥2 to 13 years. her personally. The file states only that her Jim's case is not typical. Most of the 125 parents saw a consular officer two weeks after HON. FORTNEY H. (PETE) STARK Americans in Mexico City prisons on cocaine the arrest. According to the embassy record, OF CALIFORNIA charges say they avoided torture by signing the parents did not make any complaint whatever the Mexicans asked, even though it about physical abuse. Peterson said the em­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES was written in a language they did not un­ bassy first heard about the earrings in an Tuesday, December 10, 1974 derstand. Jim's statement, in fact, is the Associated Press story months later. worst account of torture in the files of Rep. The embassy might collect more evidence Mr. STARK. Mr. Speaker, yesterday Stark, who has become concerned about about physical abuse or, in fact, prevent it if the Los Angeles Times began a series what he believes is the failure of the U.S. U.S. consular officers could reach an Ameri­ of stories on what has happened to Embassy to protect Americans arrested in can prisoner soon after his arrest. But Mexi­ Americans .arrested and incarcerated in Mexico on drug charges. Stark has made his can police agents invariably refuse to allow Mexico. Today, the second story from files available to The Times. an American prisoner to phone the embassy their Mexico City office details the hor­ Although not typical, the case of Jim, in a even though such a refusal violates the graphic way, mustrates the predicament of Vienna Convention or. oonsuli!fr relations. ror and inhumane treatment Americans these Americans. Almost all admit they had Peterson said that a consular officer usually are being subjected to in that country. intended to carry cocaine from South Amer­ sees the prisoner from three to five days Today's story also provides additional ica into the United States. They have been after his arrest. According to Rep. Stark's details on those Mexican and American arrested and charged with importing co­ files, the delays have been as long as 30 days. attorneys who have successfully ex­ caine into Mexico even though they were in The reason for the refusal by Mexican ploited these vulnerable individuals, and transit to the Mexico City airport. officials to allow the embassy phone calls is their relatives and friends in this coun­ Although importation of cocaine is a vio­ obvious. "Their requirements are their re­ try, for thousands of dollars. lation of Mexican law, the American suspects quirements," said Peterson. "They believe feel that they were tried and convicted in they would be interfered with in their inves­ As I found out by conducting my own Mexico for a crime that, in effect, was against tigations" if the prisoners phoned. investigation, and as the Los Angeles the United States. The embassy has protested this breach of Times' is so ably reporting, the issue here Their arrest in Mexico has subjected them the Vienna Convention. "Just about two to is not drugs. The issue is justice for these to a far different system of justice from that three weeks ago," Peterson said in mid­ people. The issue is the role of the Amer­ of the United States. November, "we took over a note. I've dis­ ican Embassy in Mexico City. I do not Officials of the U.S. Drug Enforcement Ad­ cussed it personally with the consular affairs believe that any of the information con­ ministration acknowledge that they moti­ director of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. tained in the Times' stories, or that I vated and encouraged this campaign at the The ambassador has discussed it persona.Uy. Mexico City airport and are pleased with the There have been protests each time, really." have collected through my own sources, results. Because of this, Peterson said, "we have is unknown to the Embassy officials in At the same time, there seems to be a had a far better record of performance in the Mexico. And yet, no action was taken to hesitancy within the U.S. Embassy in Mexico last four months" on the phone calls. The bring these atrocities to an end. City about dealing with charges of torture, record, however, does not bear this out com­ I have written Secretary Kissinger partly because some American officials doubt pletely. There have been few cases in the and asked that the Department of State them, partly because American diplomats last four months. In the last one, in late institute an immediate and thorough in­ evidently do not want to offend the Mexican October, the Mexican police again refused to government. allow the American to phone the embassy. vestigation into this situation and come U.S. officials tend to play down or deny the There is a question about how seriously up with -a corrective policy decision by accusations. Asked if torture takes place, the Mexican government takes a protest on Christmas. Robert Eyman, regional director of the DEA this issue. On one hand, the U.S. DEA has The two newspaper stories follow: in Mexico City, said, "I don't think it does. trained the Mexican police agents and praised U.S. EMBASSY ROLE HIT-AMERICANS CHARGE I have never seen it. I have never seen a cat­ them for arresting Americans at the Mexico MEXICAN TORTURE IN DRUG CONFESSIONS tle prod. I would take these allegations with City airport. On the other hand, the U.S. (By Stanley Meisler) a grain of salt." consul general's office is complaining that But the U.S. Embassy has thought enough the police are violating an international MEXICO CITY.-In September, 1973, a young Californian, call him Jim, was arrested of the evidence to pass on to the Mexican convention. in Mexico City's airport while changing government a list of 11 complaints of abuse Ironically, although the U.S. Embassy has planes on a trip from South America to Los during interrogation, including the case of difficulty in finding out when an American is Angeles. Mexican federal police said they Jim. The Mexican government denied the arrested at the airport on charges of cocaine found seven ounces of cocaine, five ounces of complaints. importation, private Mexican lawyers seem marijuana and two ounces of hashish in his The embassy has taken the official line to have no such trouble. In a large number baggage. that beatings during interrogation must be of cases, parents in the United States were According to a statement he has sent to exaggerated and isolated incidents. first notified of the arrest of their son or Rep. Fortney H. (Pete) Stark (D-Callf.), Jim "We have to assume," U.S. Consul General daughter by a Mexican lawyer, who then denied the charges. He told the Mexican Peter J. Peterson said in an interview, "that asked for thousands of dollars to represent police agents that he was not carrying the authorities would not countenance mis­ them. In at least one case, according to the cocaine from Columbia to sell to a dealer in treatment of American citizens. We have no files of Rep. Stark, the notification came from the United States. evidence to substantiate any charge that a Los Angeles attorney, Daniel Davis, who "I was taken by six agents to a room and abuse is the rule here." identified himself as a cousin of a Mexico beaten at gunpoint to unconsciousness two To a charge that the embassy has not tried City attorney, Jorge Aviles. or three times," Jim wrote 11 months later. hard enough to accumulate such evidence, The lawyers have asked from $6 ,000 to ". . . The next morning I was taken to the Peterson said, "We have had to look into $45,000 both to free the prisoners and to pass interrogating room and then the real torture charges made months after the arrest." on money to prison authorities to better the started. I was a Vietnam veteran. And that This seems to be true in a number of the conditions of the Americans while awaiting made things worse, as the agents took it as cases. Prisoners have detailed instances of their promised release. The purchase of bet­ a question of their manhood whether they torture to Rep. Stark that they never men­ ter conditions is a standard in Mexican jails. could break me. And feeling death close at tioned to the first U.S. consular officers they The money has been taken from pa.rents hand, I begged for legal assistance from met. But there are other cases that indicate even though the chances of a Mexican lawyer either a lawyer or the U.S. Embassy. carelessness about evidence on the part of arranging the release of an American prison­ "I was forced to remove my clothes and the embassy. er on these charges ls now almost nil. the agents produced a metal rod (evidently In the case of Jim, for example, embassy In 1973, lawyers were able to arrange the an electric cattle prod) and a pail of water. records show that he met a consular officer release of a few prisoners by pleading that I was forced to pour the water over my head three days after his arrest and complained they could not be guilty of importing cocaine 38982 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 10, 1974 into Mexico because they had never passed STARK SCORES EMBASSY ON MEXICO DRUG STAND could serve as a model for the Department beyond the customs barriers at the airport (By Jack Nelson) of State," Stark said. into Mexico. In early 1974, however, the Mexi­ Stark also urged that the State Depart­ can Supreme Court ruled that, according to WASHINGTON.-The U.S. Embassy in Mex­ ico City has been aware of torture and other ment take steps to assist Americans already an international convention, the customs imprisoned in Mexico. area of an airport should be treated as if it mistreatment of Americans arrested in Mex­ were the territory of the country in narcotics ico City on narcotics charges, but has failed cases. That shut off the main argument of to take action to protect them, Rep. Fort­ ney H. (Pet&) Stark (D-Calif.), said in a the defense lawyers. MICHIGAN LAWMAKER MOVES The U.S. Embassy supplies a list of lawyers letter Monday to Secretary of State Henry A. to all prisoners but puts a disclaimer on the Kissinger. TO TOP list. "In providing this listing," the disclaim­ Stark said he had detailed and documented er says, "the American Embassy at Mexico evidence that "indicates that Americans ar­ assumes no responsibility for the professional rested and incarcerated in Mexico are denied HON. MARVIN L. ESCH ability or integrity of the persons or firms their legal rights,, are treated in a discrim­ OF MICHIGAN whose names appear in the list given below." inatory and inhumane manner by the Mex­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ican courts and penal instituti0ns, and are In most cases, however, the parents in the Tuesday, December 10, 1974 United States have already paid out fees to (along with their families and friends in this a lawyer not on the list long before the con­ country) subjected to expensive extortion Mr. ESCH. Mr. Speaker, I would like sular officer shows up with the Embassy list demands from attorneys, court officials and to share with my colleagues an article of lawyers. Very few prisoners have used the prison personnel." ·written about Congressman BROOMFIELD lawyers on the list. One lawyer on the list, Embassy officials have failed to take acti::m upon becoming the ranking Republican Pablo Sotomayor Gomez, used by a few pris­ to assist the Americans, Stark wrote, eYe:1 oners, has now been removed from the list though they are aware of: member of the House Foreign Affairs because, according to Peterson, "he has been The torture used during interrogation Committee. In the years I have had the completely the source of a pretty unshakable sessions. privilege of working with Mr. BROOM­ belief on the part of the prisoners that we U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration FIELD he h'.ls proved himself an able and are pressuring the Mexican government to agents being present during interrogatlons. effective legislator. His expertise in the keep them there." Repeated violations of Mexican legal pro­ area of foreign a:ff airs is particularly Several parents insist that a consular offi­ cedures in cases involving Americans. well known, and I am certain his con­ cer, Danny B. Root, recommended attorney Unethical attorneys who contact families tribution in this new leadership position Jorge Aviles to them even though he is not and friends of arrested Americans and suc­ on the embassy list. Several parents say cessfully exploit these people for thousands will be an important one. Avlles then took thousands of dollars from of dollars (at times even using the embassy But allow an outside, objective source, them although he knew he could not help. itself as a reference) . describe his leadership qualities and his Peterson said recently that the embassy has The treatment and extortion that consti­ new responsibilities. Mr. Speaker, I sub­ helped one parent file a legal complaint in tutes "prison life" for these Americans. mit for the Members' consideration the Mexico against Aviles seeking a refund. Stark wrote that it is "likely" that appro­ following article which appeared ]n the Root, whose tour of duty in Mexico has priate congressional committees will investi­ Booth newspapers throughout Michigan: ended, has denied ever recommending Aviles gate the U.S. Embassy's operations in Mex­ MICHIGAN LAWMAKER MOVES TO TC'P to a parent or prisoner. ico and added that he hoped Kissinger would "Neither I nor anybody in the embassy "initiate a prompt 'inhouse' review and be­ (By Ron Cordray) recommended Aviles or anyone else," Root gin corrective measures within the Depart­ WASHINGTON.-Rep. Williams. Broomfield said in a telephone interview before he left ment of State." of Birmingham, could play a major role in Mexico. "We don't do that sort of thing." Stark told The Times that records his of­ the shaping of U.S. foreign policy over the Root was backed up on this by the consul fice has compiled of 90 Americans arrested next two years. general. "I cannot accept that one of our on drug charges in Mexico show that in 54 Come January, Broomfield will be the consuls would be in cahoots with Aviles, cases the prisoners contend they were victims ranking Republican member of the House Peterson said. of extortion. Foreign Affairs Committee. Being a close In one case, a mother said she received a In 63 cases, he said, the individuals, in­ friend of the President will doubtless give phone call from Aviles, who told her that he cluding some women, said they had been Broomfield even more influence than nor­ had Danny Root with him. An American tortured. mally goes with a ranking minority position. then came to the phone, identified himself In his letter to Kissinger, Stark said Broomfield moved to the top on Foreign as Root, and told her Aviles "was one of the 'Americans arrested in Mexico are initially Affairs when Rep. William S. Mailliard, best and most reputable lawyers" and that told they have no rights and that even the R-Calif., resigned to become an am·:>assador the parents "would have no worries with U.S. Embassy is unconcerned with their and Rep. Peter H. B. Frelinghuysen, R-N.J., him." situation. The actions and inaction of the retired. He has been a member of l"oreign Peterson said that Root had denied this in embassy would tend to support that posi­ Affairs for 14 years. an affidavit and that he, in fact, was not even tion." While Broomfield and President Ford in Mexico City on that date but in the in­ "The embassy fails to insure that arrested have pretty much seen eye to eye on for­ terior of the state of Veracruz far from a Americans are allowed to immediately con­ eign policy over the years, there have been phone. tact their families, their attorneys, or even some areas of disagreement. The most In another case, a mother has written Rep. the embassy itself," the letter continued. notable was Congress' War Powers Bill, Starlr that, on a visit to the embassy, "I "The embassy has failed to • • • rect the aimed at restricting deployment of U.S. asked about the qualifications of Mr. Aviles. interrogation procedure which often includes troops abroad, which Broomfield supported And Mr. Root said the embassy did not rec­ torture, forced confessions and unknowing and Ford-as minority leader-vigorously ommend attorneys, but if he were in the self-incrimination." opposed. same spot our son was in, he would have Mr. Stark stressed that he did not condone As ranking minority member, Broomfield Aviles represent him. We took this as a trafficking, selling or use of illegal drugs. Will be expected to press for Ford Adminis­ recommendation." "If these individuals are guilty of crimes, tration policies. "But I would most certainly Peterson, however, said that the mother I believe they should be subjected to the oppose the President on the committee if I must have misinterpreted what Root might judicial system in either this country or disagreed," Broomfield said during an inter­ have told her. "All Danny Root knew," Peter­ Mexico," his letter continued. view. "I Will not be a rubber stamp." son said, "was that there were cases in the "As a member of the House's special sub­ Broomfield expects to be a frequent visitor past where Aviles, who is not on the list, was committee on international narcotics traf­ to the White House. If he disagrees with used by a number of prisoners and had got­ fic, I strongly support the international ef­ Ford, "I'm hopeful I'll be able to convey ten at least one case off." forts to reduce and hopefully one day elimi­ those thoughts, offer some input in areas In the case of legal assistance, as in the nate the flow of narcotics into this country. where I have reservations." case of harsh interrogations and prison con­ "However, in our zealous attempts to com­ That he won't be a "rubber stamp" for ditions, the U.S. government takes the stance bat narcotics traffic, we must continue to the White House is illustrated by Broom­ that there is little it can do. Rep. Stark has insure and protect the rights of all individ­ field's criticism of Secretary of Agriculture uals involved." Earl Butz. proposed that the U.S. Embassy provide some "Food for Peace will be one of the impor­ kind of legal advice and support to American Stark urged that the U.S. Embassy adopt tant areas Congress will be reviewing be­ prisoners overseas much like the kind of help a new policy regarding Americans arrested cause of the malnutrition and starvation of given by the Pentagon to American service­ in Mexico and suggested that the State De­ 400 million people," said the congressman. men arrested overseas. partment analyze the Department of Defense "Yet, Butz is traveling around offering food In the case of servicemen, the U.S. gov­ legal assistance program for armed services for peace without consultation with Con­ ernment accepts that it has a special respon­ personnel arrested in foreign countries. gress. They probably have that flexibility, sibility to them. They are government em­ "This excellent and comprehensive pro­ but we certainly should have been consult­ ployees sent overseas by the government. gram from another government department ed." December 1 O, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 38983 Broomfield anticipates no dramatic shifts to Washington year after year, he emphasizes those programs with the additional money in U.S. foreign policy under Ford. "I ex­ constituent services. And it doesn't bother printed by the Federal Reserve. pect it will be a continuation of him if the constituent happens to reside in There is just one rub! If the Government what has developed in the past few years, a neighboring district. "The most important keeps flooding more newly printed dollars more negotiation instead of confrontation." thing is what people say about you," he said. into the economy, and if the economy is not While Broomfield says the United States "People we help in neighboring districts have increasing the annual amount of goods and cannot be the world's policeman, he is con­ friends and relatives in ours." services it produces, then the increased num­ cerned about what he views as an increas­ ber of dollars in the economy represent the ing isolationist attitude in Congress, partic­ same amount of goods and services that the ularly among Democrats. smaller number of dollars previously repre­ I don't believe it will be an easy year be­ sented. And what is it when it takes more cause of this general feeling of isolationism," INFLATION WAS NOT MADE IN dollars to represent the same amount of he said. "It refiects the changing attitudes HEAVEN goods and services-infiation ! in t h e United States. The Vietnam war divid­ Think of it this way-suppose we awoke ed the country and triggered a lot of this one morning and the only things of eco­ feeling." nomic value left in the world were ten apple The general state of the economy and the HON. E. G. SHUSTER pies. If there were no money in the world oil shortage have also contributed to this OJ!' PENNSYLVANIA we might decide to print ten one-dollar bills isolationist stance, he added. to represent the total money supply. That Broomfield said he has been able to work IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES means, assuming all the pies were alike, that well with the Foreign Affairs Committee Tuesday, December 10, 1974 each pie would be worth one dollar. chairman, Rep. Thomas E. Morgan, D-Pa. Suppose that while we were admiring our "In past years, it has always been a bipar­ Mr. SHUSTER. Mr. Speaker, in re­ 10 pies, someone printed up 10 additional tisan committee," he added. sponse to queries concerning my views paper dollars making the money supply to One area where Broomfield hopes to make on inflation I prepared an article which represent the 10 pies $20.00. Now each pie a significant impact is the debt owed the appears in several newspapers in my dis­ would be worth $2.00. The pie wouldn't be United States by 100 foreign nations. That trict. I submit it to the House as a gen­ any bigger or any better-it would just cost debt is around $60 billion, Broomfield said, eral statement of my position on this twice as much. Sound fam.111ar? but adds that the administration has not important national issue: Although it's an over-simplification, that been able-or perhaps is unwllling-to give is exactly the way our national money sup­ up-to-date figures. INFLATION WAS NOT MADE IN HEAVEN ply works. When the government presses "Before we enter into agreements with - (By Congressman Bun SHUSTER) print more paper money to pay for deficit foreign nations, we ought to get these debts No great mystery cloaks the causes of in­ spending, the real value of the dollar goes straightened out,'' he said. fiation, even though some would have us be­ down since it takes more dollars to buy the "I also intend to keep the administration's lieve that inflation is esoterically complex, same product or service. feet to the fire on troop withdrawals from pervasively uncontrollable, and possibly even Papei" money is only valuable to the extent Europe," Broomfield said. "Before we enter made in heaven. that it represents something of value-that a lot of new agreements with the Soviet Our present infiation was caused funda­ is, all the paper dollars in our economy only Union, we should get them to agree on mentally by the actions of Congressmen, Sen­ stand for all of the things of real economic troop withdrawals so we can withdraw some ators, and past-Presidents just as surely as value in our economy. If we increase the total of ours." fire causes gasoline to burn. And those number of paper dollars but do not increase With the United States' nuclear capacity, elected officials responsible for infiation would the things of real economic value (goods and "we should put more responsibility on na­ just soon keep the subject fuzzy rather than services), then each dollar stands for a tions for their own self defense,'' Broomfield answer for their actions. smaller amount of real economic value. The said. "It's costing us $3 billion to $4 billlon to Intlation-that ts, the decline in the pur­ proof of the pudding ts in the economic sta­ maintain 300,000 troops in Europe. It seri­ chasing power of our dollars-has several tistics of the past 15 years. According to the ously affects our balance of payments." causes. Included among them are population Treasury Departmen.t, the money supp·ly (the Broomfield is critical of some congressmen growth, scarcity of raw materials, rising ex­ Ml portion for any economists and financial who, he says, are "trying to play Secretary of pectations, devaluation, government controls, types who have read this far) increased at State." The Congress should be consulted anti-competitive practices, anti-productive an average rate of 2.4 percent from 1955 to more on foreign policy, he said, "but we policies, and political decisions, such as the 1965. Intlation (according to the Consumer can't take care of every issue on the floor of Arab oil embargo. The intlation we face to­ Price Index) averaged 1.8 percent during that the House." day, while aggravated by these many factors, period. From 1965 to 1973 the money supply My goal is not to run the nation's foreign was caused fundamentally by the enormous inore·ased an average of 6 percent and intla­ policy, but Congress must be consulted on deficit spending of our Federal Government. tion averaged 5.5 percent, trending upward the deployment of troops and on major nego­ Here's how it works: When a President re­ to a 1973 rate of almost 9 percent. tiations," he said. "If you're going to have a quests and Congress approves spending meas­ The foregoing can be represented by a sim­ bl-partisan foreign policy, Congress must ures which add up to more money than the ple economic law. If over the long run, the know what's going on." Treasury collects in taxes, the difference is money supply is increased at a rate greater Broomfield said one of the most impor­ the deficit. When the Government spends than the increase in productivity, infiation tant things that could happen to contribute more than it takes in, it has to find the dif­ will occur. to peace and stabllity would be a reduction ference somewhere to pay its bills. The I don't like that economic law, and I wish in oil prices by the producing nations. "Un­ Treasury does the only thing it can do since we could make it go away, but we can't. less something is done soon, it will have an the President and Congress made financial When I'm adding up my income I wish adverse effect on the economy of all nations." commitments in excess of their means. Treas­ 2+2=5, and when I'm adding up my bllls, I He does not believe the United States was ury tries to borrow the money. wish 2+2=3. Regardless, the sum equals 4 hurt abroad by the Nixon resignation, main­ When the deficit is so big that the Treas­ and I'm not going to get along too well until ly because of a smooth transition and the ury can't sell enough government bonds or I face the facts of life, even though I may continued services of Secretary of State notes to the American people without caus­ not like them. Henry Kissinger. And in the area of foreign ing interest raites to rise too high, the Treas­ The majority of the Congressmen and U.S. affairs, Broomfield said, "I feel Jerry (Presi­ ury raises the money it needs to pay the Senators, as wen as several past Presidents, dent Ford) has broadened himself consider­ Government's bills in a very unique way. have refused to squarely face this economic ably.'' The Treasury Department sells lts bonds or fact of life. The congressman expects more cooperation notes to the Federal Reserve System, which When Lyndon Johnson decided that ~he with the Congress from the Ford administra­ is the federal agency that controls the sup­ American people could finance a "guns and tion than was the case under Nixon. "I be­ ply of money in America. And get this-the butter'' policy-that ts, pay for a war in lieve there will be more give and take. Either Federal Reserve literally prints up more Southeast Asia as well as his so-called "Great this happens or it wm be a lot harder for the money on the government printing presses Society" t>Tograms-he SO'Wed the seeds of to­ administration to get its program through." and pays it to the Treasury in exchange for day's inflation. But it took at least 218 Con­ the bonds which the Treasury printed up. gressmen and 51 Senators to vote the funds Broomfield said Congress can make "pru­ The Treasury then takes this new money for those mis-adventures of the sixties. John­ dent cuts" in the Defense Department budg­ and pays the Government's bills. son ran up spending deficits of over $50 bil­ et, but warned against "taking a meat ax. This is a neat little arrangement which lion in just six years. Although Nixon in­ This can be dangerous. But we obviously can makes it easy for politicians to keep voting herited those programs, he must share the cut some areas without jeopardizing our in favor of big spending programs without blame for an additional $66 b1llion in deficits. security." having to raise taxes to pay for them. It's Most importantly, no President can spend Broomfield was the most successful of the all very pleasant to give every special in­ one penny unless Congress appropriates it. GOP congressional candidates in Michigan terest group that knocks on your door the So the American people can thank those this year, winning with 63 percent of the vote. government programs that it wants, and all Congressmen and Senators who vote for all Like many congressmen who are returned so painless since the Treasury can pay for our wonderful spending programs . . . Con- 38984 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 1 O, 19 7 4 gressmen and Senators who either did not was the soul of courtesy in his statements backed them. But we backed them on the have the knowledge or the guts (take your to this body, the guilty always knew information that wa.s given to us by the pick) to tell the American people that there when he had hit the mark. President of the United States. You know are only two ways to pay for such enormous the President of the U.S. has a lot of sources government spending programs-either by Not only has he been ready and will­ of information that a lot of us don't have­ increasing taxes to pay the bills or by in­ ing to call this body to task for its fiscal the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the intem­ curring high deficits and printing up paper excesses, he has done it with a wit and gence people. We felt this was the man we money to cover the expenses. Either way, style which allowed us to laugh, even had to back and we did back him-LBJ, and it's the American people who pay. though we might squirm. we did back Nixon. Do I think I was right? With increased taxes we would have paid Who will take his place? Who will I thought I was right at the time. But I the bills while they were being incurred. read to us the long list of frivolous and would say to you, if I knew then what I That would have been the open and forth­ useless expenditures made by this Gov­ know now, I wouldn't have backed them (ap­ right approach for our political leaders to plause by studio audience). take, but they knew the American people ernment? Who will take Congress to task CAVETT. Is it hard for you to admit that? wouldn't stand for greatly increased taxes for its abuses of the public trust? Hope­ MEANY. No, if you're wrong, you're wrong. and would have thrown the rascals out of fully, someone will step forward to do the What does Meany's startling reversal mean? office. Instead they chose the more devious job, but no one will take his place. Obviously, he can't retrace his steps and way. Spend now and pay later became the rescind the blistering attacks he made on philosophy-and later is finally here. those who disagreed with him on Vietnam. Every senior citizen who has watched The stream of actions and attitudes that the purchasing power of his pension and GEORGE MEANY'S RETROSPECTIVE flowed for many years from President Meany's savings decline, every parent who had hoped ON THE WAR IN VIETNAM intransigent position on Vietnam will be to send his children to college but now finds difficult to measure. the soaring cost out of reach, and every For example, it would be without purpose young married couple who watched their HON. GEORGE E. BROWN, JR. to count the public leaders who were ex­ dreams of owning a home evaporate in the OF CALIFORNIA coriated by Meany because they had come to collapse of the housing industry, can thank oppose the Vietnam war. It would be im­ those Congressmen and Senators who vote IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES possible to judge how many union leaders "yes" on so many "good" programs. Tuesday, December 10, 1974 adopted Meany's position because they were In my short two years as a freshman Con­ confident he had all the facts. It would be gressman, I haven't seen a "bad" program Mr. BROWN of California. Mr. Speak­ hard to determine exactly whether the yet. Well, that's not completely true, but er, in the Washington Post this morning frenetic support for the Cambodian invasion the point is that all government programs I saw an article that was truly refreshing voiced by Meany and those who relied on his have worthy purposes. If we want them, to see. It was a plain and honest state­ judgment in international affairs was used we must be willing to pay for them, either ment by Mr. George Meany, president of as justification for aggressive and violent with increased taxes at the time we spend demonstrations against students who opposed the money or through deficit spending and the AFL-CIO, that he was wrong when' the war. For this, Pete Brennan, then presi­ infiatlon later. he supported the war in Vietnam. This dent of the New York Building Trades, and Some say "cut out those 'unnecessary' war was one of the most divisive and the leader in the most widely publicized of programs so I can have my program" but so emotionally upsetting experiences in the these assaults, was praised by Nixon as his often that simply translates into "just so history of the United States, not to men­ favorite labor leader and later made Secretary we can get ours now, the devil with the tion its impact on the people of South­ of Labor. rest." east Asia. As one of those Congressmen While opposition to Meany's position on Unfortunately, there wm always be more who had to be defensive with my own the Vietnam war raised its head here and good programs than we can afford. there, comparatively few unionists were bold The American people want neither in­ supporters about my uncompromising enough to be explicit in their opposition. The creased taxes nor infiation. It's about time opposition to the U.S. actions in South­ disagreement between Meany and UA W's for public leaders to talk straight and act east Asia, I am simply gratified to learn Walter Reuther, culminating in 1968, was in responsibly. of Mr. Meany's confession. part due to their widening differences on the Only through increased productivity can Mr. Speaker, little more need to be Vietnam war. we continue to raise our standard of living. said. Too much blood has been shed, As it was, those labor people who disagreed Only by increasing the size of the pie can and too many words have already been with Meany on Vietnam were marked suspect, we all get a larger slice. or labelled as "kooks." Who knows? Perhaps spoken. if truly open debate and an open mind had I wish to insert the article from the been encouraged on so important an issue at December 10, Washington Post in the the AFL-CIO conventions of 1967, 1969, and RECORD at this time for my colleagues to 1971, the entire country, as well as the labor HON. H. R. GROSS consider. movement, might have benefitted. The article follows: But to get back to Meany's Vietnam rever­ sal, Cavett could have asked Meany this [From the Washington Post, Dec. 10, 1974) follow-up question: "What do you know now HON. DAN DANIEL GEORGE MEANY: TURNAROUND ON VIETNAM that you did not know then that, you say, OF VIRGINIA George Meany, who gave unswerving sup­ has changed your mind about Vietnam?" It's IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES port to Presidents Johnson and Nixon on still a question that Meany should answer. Vietnam, has now made a 180 degree turn Monday, December 9, 1974 on the war. The president of the AFL-CIO Mr. DAN DANIEL. Mr. Speaker, when made his belated and retrospective pro­ this 93d Congress breathes its last less nouncement far from the union's usual deci­ ADDITIONAL DOUBTS RAISED CON­ sion-making forums. It occurred not in a CERNING VLADIVOSTOK AGREE­ than a month from now, we will have lost meeting of the AFL-CIO Executive Council to the congressional scene HAROLD ROYCE but in an interview on the Dick Cavett Show, MENT GRoss, Representative of the Third Dis­ soon to be aired. trict of Iowa. It is a sad occasion. Meany's change of heart surprised his HON. ROBERT F. DRINAN Congressman GRoss has been called a closest associates in the AFL-CIO and, in lot of things in the 25 years he has served the minds of some, may represent the wan­ OF MASSACHUSETTS in the House-and a lot of the things he ing infiuence of Jay Lovestone, his former IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES has been called were not altogether flat­ foreign relations adviser, who retired in June. Tuesday, December 10, 1974 Lovestone, a one-time Communist turned tering. He has been called-and has Cold Warrior, encouraged and stimulated Mr. DRINAN. Mr. Speaker, another been-a gadfly. And he has admirably Meany's relentl·ess support for the war in editorial very critical of the agreement fulfllled the role of provocative critic of Southeast Asia. made at Vladivostok appeared in the the institution called the Congress. Those Soon to be released, this exchange took Boston Globe on December 8, 1974. of our number who have been too free place between Cavett and Meany: This editorial points out that the with the taxpayers' money, those who CAVETT. Mr. Meany, you were a strong sup­ porter of LBJ and Richard Nixon in support­ Ford-Brezhnev agreement provides that have taken a few too many junkets at ing them on the Vietnam war. the Soviets "will effectively be allowed public expense, those who have pushed MEANY, Yup. to catch up and perhaps surpass the for special-interest legislation which CAVETT. Do you still feel you were right? United States in multiple warheads." would again cost the taxpayer-each has MEANY. Nope. If l'da known then what I I recommend this editorial for the felt H. R.'s sharp tongue. And while he know now I don't think we would have consideration of my colleagues: December 10, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 38985 £From the Boston Globe, Dec. 8, 1974] .. LET THE 'BARGAIN HUNTER' BE­ We let the discounters and chains lure THE CEILING Is Too HIGH W ARE" AN OPEN LETI'ER TO mlllions of people away from quality, service '.Che firm ceiling on strategic arms worked PRESIDENT FORD and ethical business with their bargain out at Vladivostok is so high that it is likely lures. We sat back and watched the family to prolong the U.S.-Soviet arms race over store being destroyed by the discriminatory the coming decade and to foster vast ex­ HON. GENE SNYDER pricing practises of their suppliers: just as the Congress allowed the big sellers to use penditures in new technology on both sides. OF KENTUCKY farm products as "bargains" until today it is The figures revealed by President Ford at IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES his press conference last Monday essentially hard to find a roadside chicken farm, vege­ cover delivery systems alone. The Soviet Tuesday, December 10, 1974 table farm or dairy farm. Your Mr. Butz Un ion and the United States will each be helped Ralston-Purina destroy Thousands allowed a total of 2400 missile launchers, Mr. SNYDER. Mr. Speaker, one of my of small poultry raisers, and now this· giant including bombers, of which not more than constituents, Mr. Ed Wimmer, has ad­ is doing the same thing to the restaurant 1320 may be equipped with MIRVs, or sep­ dressed an open letter to President business. arate vehicles carrying several independently Gerald Ford. It appeared in News of the I read today that the threat of a serious depression in Japan is more real than was targetable nuclear warheads. Nation for November 1974. suspected, a development I had in my broad­ There is no limit on the launching power Mr. Wimmer makes some important casts reprinted in the Congressional Record, or "throw weight" of the missiles. And there points. the argument being, that Japan's sweatshop is no limit on the number of warheads that The text of his letter to the President may be placed on any one missile. Nor is it dumping of goods on the American market known yet what provisions are made in the follows: at "bargain" prices, would destroy the jobs agreement for arsenal verification. OPEN LETTER TO PRESIDENT GERALD FORD: of the workers who were buying the "bar­ L E T THE "BARGAIN HUNTER" BEWARE gains'', and that someday the Japanese com­ The problem for a U.S. Congress, pressed bines would be unionized, and markets of to cut back on military expenditures yet (By Ed Wimmer) the giant combines would shrink and shrink. unwilling to lose either a real or a perceived This lett er may be quite lengthy, but I advantage in strategic weaponry, is that the have confidence that a member of your staff FEEDING THE MILLS OF HUMAN SLAVE RY Soviets, who are already at or above the will report its contents at some early, ap­ Scores of House and Senate members en­ limit on launching systems, will e:ffectivly propriate moment, and not break the idea.­ dorsed our position. They insisted that we be allowed to catch up and perhaps surpass tie we have shared over the years. were feeding the mills of human slavery: the United States in multiple warheads. I listened to your "WIN" address before men like H. R. Gross of Iowa, and John Dent The United States now has 2176 missile the young farmers of Kansas, and it was an of Pennsylvania, fighting the trend on a systems, including bombers (of which 822 excellent football appeal to the rookies in dally basis. carry MIRVs). The Soviet Union has between your audience, to "go out there and get fero­ Mr. President, in 1976, I keynoted the 35,- 2200 and 2700 missile systems but has not cious'', but like rookies, I am afraid many of 600 delegate convention of NFO, in Des yet installed multiple warheads, although it your listeners might have said: Moines, Iowa, at which time, 2,000 families is reportedly preparing to do so. When it "O.K. Coach, what's his number"? were leaving the land every week. When the does, the greater thrust or throw weight of Johnson Administration heard about the size their missiles would enable the Soviets to KILLING CALVES of this crowd, there was a scurrying out in launch six to eight warheads from one vehi­ Mr. President, on the very day that you all directions, and "heap big talk" about cle, compared to three for the American were talking to these young people about "saving the family farm" by setting a parity Minuteman. wearing a "WIN" button, and going after price on agricultural products. Any missile that has been tested with inflation by chasing after bargains, their When you spoke in Kansas almost eight multiple warheads will be assumed to carry elders were burying calves in trenches be­ years later, the liquidation of the family farm them and will fall under the MIRV limita­ cause bargain prices at the farm level, was was continuing-unabated-the farmer pay­ tion. But once the warheads are installed driving them to desperation. In other parts ing more than twice the old price of a trac­ and capped, it may be impossible to tell ex­ of agriculture, dairy farmers were slaughter­ tor-if he could get it or finance it. A rancher actly how many or what type of warheads ing their cows because they couldn't be called me from Texas and said if the Arabs are involved. milked at a profit. came into the Lone Star State, they could And, as the Soviets move ahead with the in­ All Americans love a bargain, Mr. President, buy about 15 ranches and control the cattle stallation of MIRVs, there will be strong and I have talked about this from the same business. pressure here to develop new and heavier platforms-often at National Association of Mr. President, I was born in Wisconsin launchers to match those already developed Retail Druggists Conventions-and we both where in one year, thousands of small dairy in the Soviet Union. put emphasis on what the big chains and dis­ farms, dairy plants and turkey raisers threw All of this was buried in the rhetoric of counters were doing to destroy the ethical in the towel because the chains were ham­ the President's press conference. But there businessman: the fair trade laws and quality mering prices down on milk, and using tur­ was a negative implication in Mr. Ford's production, by "bargainizing" the mind of keys as "bargains" during the only time the statement that "these ceilings are well below the consuming public. poultry men could move their birds. I recall the force levels which would otherwise have My friend, we are in the fix this country an advertisement of a big chain in 1932, the been expected over the next 10 years, and has fallen into, for many reasons, but there heading of which read: very substantially, below the forces which has been more spiritual decay; social despair "We have beaten prices down, and down would result from an all-out arms race over and economic and political problems caused and down, until they cannot be beaten down the same period." by the abandonment of the principle of fair any lower". It ts small comfort indeed to be told that play in the market place; and the growth of Thousands of farms had been sold off we may be better off than tf there had been monopoly power due to that abandonment, on the auction block. Thousa.nds of banks no agreement. The President set $18 billion than from any other development. If what were closing their doors. 16,000,000 unem­ annually as a ballpark figure for strategic has happened to the farm and business com­ ployed walked the streets. Riots were every­ weapons and made it clear that he considered munity had befallen football, the game where, and then we got the New Deal, and maintenance of conventional capabilities "of would have perished before you had a we were told that the waves of mergers: mandatory importance." chance to be one of its playe.rs. the huge holding companies: "bargain A much tougher approach, put forward by You said to the American people, and to prices" hammered to unheard of levels: girls Defense Secretary James R. Schlesinger, those young farmers, "be proud if you are working for 15 cents an hour . . . chain would have allowed the Sovlet Union con­ called a bargain hunter", but hasn't the store domination, stock market orgies in '29, t inued superiority in missile launchers, with bargain chaser been the buyer who always brought on the depression, which would now the Unit ed States having a continued ad­ tries to take something away from the other be cured by NRA and the rest of the alphabet. vantage in warhead technology. This was fellow without his making a profit, and isn't At the time we were in the battle with overruled by Secretary of State Henry Kis­ it profits alone that makes the capitalistic Wright Patman and Joe Robinson to win singer and the Joint Chiefs of Staff on the system function? That causes farmers, work­ passage of the Robinson-Patman Act. Later, grounds that the Soviet s were ready to install ers, professional people, newsboys, corpora­ to win passage of the Public Utility Holding MIRVs and could outdistance the United tions, retailers-and just about everybody, Company Act that broke up the utility king­ States in an arms race without hindrance to do a little or lot better than they would doms. In 1938, I was put between Senators from a reluctant Congress. without this incentive? Miller and Tydings at the NARD convention, Perhaps there was a middle ground. As it l\fi'. President, it is you who can contribute to aid in the passage of the Fair Trade En­ stands, we have to agree with Sen. Henry tremendously toward an understanding that abling Act . . . and all these bllls saved J ackson who believes the Vladivostok agree­ fair returns on all raw materials, is the basis thousands of independent businesses. Presi­ m ent "will result in a buildup on bot h sides, of prosperity. That the family farm, inde­ dent Roosevelt said that concentration of rather than a build down." The cost to the pendent business and local bank are the economic power had brought on the depres­ United States of developing yet more over­ three plllars of the free enterprise system, sion. Former President Hoover wrote: kill in nuclear weapons is too high. What was and that fair wages and fair profits must FEARFUL OF ALL THIS BIGNESS n eeded as a foundation for SALT 2 was not a come from fair prices, and that fair prices "We have bullded up an economic autoc­ stratospheric ceiling, but a solid limitation alone produces better quality goods, what­ racy, upon which a political autocrracy will on arms. ever they may be. rise'', but we go a.head and build bigger cor- 38986 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Dece.'nber 10, 1974 porate farms; bigger chain store systems; politics grown too corrupt; by crime grown are in a far stronger military position than bigger bankholding companies; bigger con­ too rampant; by morals grown too low; by they were two years ago. At the same time glomerates, labor unions and bigger govern­ taxes grown too high; and whether our per­ the economic decline in Saigon has weakened ment (deficit and debt ridden) oausing you sonal liberties are as firm as they ought to be. the hold of the Thieu regime over the armed to say as Vice President, that the people are If we do not argue, it may become too late forces and over the opposition political fearful of all this bigness; causing Paul Mc­ to late to argue, for duty, honor and country groups in the cities. American intelligence Cracken to say "they've got to be broken up, cannot be neglected too long, and the hour is analysts now agree that the North Viet­ but do we have the courage"? already late."-General Douglas MacArthur. namese have the capacity to mount a major As a farm boy in Canada I would look at "The future of America lies down the mid­ military offensive in the South and that, if reddening skies with my father. Another dle of the road between the unfettered they did so, Saigon would find it hard to prairie fire in the distance. He would try to powers of concentrated economic power on resist without the support of American determine if it was close enough for us to one flank and the unbridled power of statlsm bombers. Analysts cannot affirm that even a hitch up our horses, load the wagon with on the other. vast increase in American aid would change water barrels and sacks, and go to the aid "We dare not accord to the central govern­ this situation. The Vietnam war is, in other of the fire fighters. My job was to help keep ment unlimited authority, any more than we words, a time bomb. But it ls a time bomb the men and women in wet sacks with which should bow our necks to the dictates of the that can be defused by an application of to pound the flames, and I saw many fall in uninhibited seekers after personal power in the Paris Peace Agreement. exhaustion as they beat out the flames. finance, labor, or any other field. Our job is To many Americans it appears as though American skies. The skies of the whole to make the individual important in all fields both sides to the conflict share equal respon­ world are red with danger, and I applaud to make him grow so that his community sibility for the failure to implement the your call for "fire fighters", but if the White will grow with him."-General Dwight D. accords. From a strictly military standpoint House and Congress ls passing out dry sacks, Eisenhower. this is true, for both sides have continually and if the "barrels" are empty of great ideas. violated the cease-fire. But in a guerrilla war, Of public and world trust-of what avail to such as that in Vietnam, it is simply impos­ wear a WIN button? CUTTING AID TO SOUTH VIETNAM sible to maintain a cease-fire without a polit­ WE HAVE MET THE ENEMY AND HE IS US ical agreement. It is the political articles in We a.re all in agreement that inflation is the accord that are essential to peace. The probably public enemy number one, but you HON. PAUL N. McCLOSKEY, JR. North Vietnamese and the PRO wrote these quoted Pogo, who said we have met the en­ OF CALIFORNIA articles into the accord, and for the past two emy, and the enemy is us, so we must be IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES years they have consistently pressed for their public enemy number one for wasn't neglect application. Their attitude is understand­ of spiritual values; loss of economic and po­ Tuesday, December 10, 1974 able since they believe that they stand to litical statesmanship, that led to our pres­ Mr. McCLOSKEY. Mr. Speaker, benefit from the transformation of the mili­ ent run-a.way conditions? Fr: nces Fitzgerald's book, "Fire in the tary conflict into a political struggle. That great patriot Walter Knott said his The Thieu regime, on the other hand, has greatest problem was to equitably divide his Lake," won a Pulitzer Prize as perhaps consistently refused to take the first step dollar between employees, customers, the the most definitive book ever written towards implementing the articles. It has not government and himself, and he said it was about Vietnam and the Vietnamese peo­ even dissemlna ted the text of them in the the Golden Rule that settled this problem. ple. As a result of her long residency in zones of its control. It's attitude, too, is When William Coors, Adolph Coors Com­ Vietnam and her thorough research work understandable since it has no political base pany, addressed our Bicentennial Conven­ there. Miss Fitzgerald's opinions are in the South and no real power except that tion, he said his company had never discrim­ which comes from its exclusive control over those of an expert. Her judgment that American aid. The Thieu regime will not inated against a small business in 79 years. the present high level of U.S. aid to Indo­ Yet Coors is being prosecuted by FTC for negotiate unless it is forced to by the United controlling its distribution policies so its 167 china is hurting, rather than helping, States. independent distributors and small business the cause of an early peace is therefore Thus far the Ford administration has customers can make a profit and remain in highly relevant to the House's pending made no effort to bring the Saigon regime business. consideration of the foreign aid program. to the negotiating table. It is therefore up Dr. George Roche III, told our convention Ms. Fitzgerald's most recent statement to Congress to do so and to avert disaster listeners that present trends a.way from the on this subject follows: by cutting American aid to Saigon. In this individualism of our Founding Fathers has context economic aid cuts are just as im­ THE ARGUMENT FOR CUTTING AID TO portant as military aid cuts since all but a almost lost us our Western Heritage. Harold SOUTH VIETNAM Minor, publisher of Rural Times, said the tiny fraction of the so-called Postwar Recon­ Congress, White House and communication Since the signing of the Paris Peace Ac­ struction Aid goes straight into the Saigon media does little or nothing to unite the cord in January, 1973, the United States has budget to pay the salaries of soldiers and family farmers, local bankers and independ­ spent six billion dollars in military and eco­ to finance war-related projects. The same is ent business ... a mighty force ... to make nomic aid to Indochina and on the main­ true of Food for Peace. war on inflation. Arnold Paulson asked: tenance of its own forces in the area. If the The main objection to an aid cut is, of present foreign aid bill is passed, the total course, that the North Vietnamese and the $2,800,000,000,000 DEBT will reach $7.3 blllion. The majority of PRO might take advantage of a weakened "Why can't we get an admission out of American aid has gone to South Vietnam Saigon and pursue a milltary victory. This both parties, that a public and private debt were-as is also the case for Cambodia-it outcome is possible but very unlikely for the of $2,800,000,000,000 is in itself, an inflation has been used not for reconstruction and following reasons. In the first place the bombshell? Paul Jones, Glenview State Bank development but for the continuation of a North Vietnamese and the PRO would jeo­ wondered why top officials and Summit econ­ war that in the past two years alone has left pardize their 'own reconstruction efforts by omists didn't mention that bankers make 350,000 people killed or wounded and created inviting American retaliation. The military less money on 12 % interest, than they made over a million refugees. restraint they have shown over the past two on 3 % . . . . Our Bicentennial asked these The Vietnam war is not an inevitable con­ years indicates their concern. Secondly a questions, about which national Bicenten­ sequence of local hostilities. It is the con­ military offensive would cost them a great nial officials seem to know nothing. sequence of the continued American financ­ deal, not only in lives and money but in Like you, Mr. President, we want to cele­ ing of a regime that has no popular support political sympathy in the South. The city brate a Republic on July 4, 1976, not a Mo­ and therefore no interest in negotiating a people in the · South would see them as ag­ nopoly-Welfare State, but if this desire is political settlement along the lines laid out gressors in a battle not against American to be fulfilled, we will have to accept the Jef­ by the Paris agreement. The war in Vietnam troops or an American-supported regime, but ferson-Madison concept, that the more the could end in much the same manner as the against themselves. Thirdly, because the independents the freer the nation-accom­ war in Laos ended. It would end by peaceful South is so politically and economically panied by local control over local affairs in negotiations within the next few months if shattered by the war, it ls not now in the government. the U.S. Congress cut aid to the regime in interests of any group, including the PRO, If you had said: "pay a fair price so fair Saigon. On the other hand, if Congress con­ to seize absolute control by force. The prob­ wages and fair profits can be made. Demand tinues to furnish the current high level of lems of governing the South would be too quality in what you buy, and in the people aid to Saigon, the war will continue; it will great for any exclusive group or party with­ you elect to office" ... because fair play and continue to the point where the North Viet­ out huge amounts of foreign aid, and neither quality seldom comes with a bargain price namese and the Provisional Revolutionary the Soviets nor the Chinese are providing aid tag. I feel sure your listeners woul1. have re­ Government (PRO) of the South feel com­ to Vietnam in anything like the quantity sponded. pelled to end it by a military victory on the the United States is. Fourthly, the articles "Let civilian voices argue the merits or battlefield. the North Vietnamese and the PRO wrote demerits of our processes of government; Since January, 1973, the balance of power into the peace accord, including the pro­ . whether our strength is being sapped by de{. in South Vietnam has altered appreciably to vision for the creation of a National Council icit financing indulged in too long; by fed­ the disadvantage of the Saigon regime. While of National Reconciliation and Concord to eral paternalism grown too mighty; by power the fighting has been localized and lncon-· ensure 'democratic 'liberties and to prepa.re a groups grown too big and too arrogant. By elusive, the North Vietnamese and the PRG free, general election for a new government December 1 O, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 38987 in the South, correspond exactly to the pro­ proud of WCTC for its great heart and but it has been far more than luck. Co­ gram that the National Liberation Front deep feeling for people. lumbus' achievements have come adopted in 1960. The peace accord, in other I am inserting in the RECORD a copy of through wise planning and hard work. words, embodies their now-traditional solu­ tion to the war in the South. In the accords, a moving letter to the people of central Much of the credit must go to the Colum­ as in the old NLF program, the reunifica­ Jersey by Tony Marano, an outstanding bus area office of the Department of t ion of North and South Vietnam appears as radio executive, in which he expressed Housing and Urban Development. final but distant objective to be achieved the thanks of WCTC for their generous One week and one day ago nine mem­ gradually through step-by-step negotiations help. Through the RECORD, I want to bers of that office took off from Columbus between the two governments. thank Tony Marano, Jack Ellery, and the on an airplane bound for Washington, With the exception of a few Saigon gen­ people of central New Jersey, for their D.C. The flight ended in death on a erals and profiteers the non-Communist storm-swept mountainside. South Vietnamese now favor an end to the assistance-and their love. America is a war through a political settlement. The great country because of people like Nothing we can do will restore these poor and the country people have always them. people to life: but Betty Whitehead, Rita wanted such a peace. But now even those The letter follows: Shelton, Raymond Meehan, Fred Lorenz, city people that have benefitted from the WCTC RADIO, Annie Killingsworth, Mattie Jones, Mar­ war see a continuation of the military con­ New Brunswick, N.J., October 1974. lene Jackson, Mary Beth Graves, and flict as the greatest threat to their future. DEAR CENTRAL JERSEY: On Monday morning, Kathleen Farrel will not be forgotten. As the recent demonstrations in Saigon have September 30, five large trailer trucks left Their successes and the successes of the shown, even the Catholics now oppose the the Central Jersey area la.den with food, Thieu regime. Believing that it and the clothing and medical supplies for the victims ideas and plans in which they played present war policy will lead only to dis­ of Hurricane Fifi in our Central American crucial roles will be a living and perma­ aster, they look to negotiations with the neighbor country for Honduras. nent monument to them. Their lives are PRG and to the organization of a non-Com­ After the first reports of devastation in this woven indelibly into the future of cen­ munist political force to wage a political small country had been reported, we at WCTC tral Ohio. struggle. What they fear is that the United thought about how the station could help States will betray them by continuing to to save the surviving victims who had liter­ support a regime that opposes such organi­ ally been wiped out of their homes, their APOLLO BELVEDERE zation and carries on a doomed enterprise possessions, and virtually all means of sur­ for the short-term benefit of a very few. vival. And we naturally thought a.bout our Only by cutting aid to the present Saigon listeners and how they have responded in the regime can the Congress carry out its re­ past whenever help was needed. HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE sponsibility to the Vietnamese, including And so WCTC did something a.bout it. We OF TEXAS those who have long sided with the United asked you for help. Our broadcast staff asked IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES States. When a political settlement is ob­ you to join in a massive Honduras Relief tained, it can restore economic aid to a gov­ Program. The response was unbelievable but Tuesday, December 10, 1974 ernment that represents the South Viet­ that didn't surprise us because we have al­ Mr. TEAGUE. Mr. Speaker, in the namese people and that can use it for the ways been aware of the ability of WCTC lls­ Transactions American Geophysical purposes of reconstruction. teners to unite in a common cause. Frankly, the response to our appeal was Union magazine, an article recently car­ more than WCTC could handle. So we re­ ried, "Apollo Belvedere," in which Prof. quested more help. And again you delivered. G. J. Wasserburg of the Geological and You delivered the volunteer workers, the Geophysics Division of the California In­ WCTC'S GREAT HEART spirit, the cooperation and help that was stitute of Technology, reviews their re­ needed to get the job done. flections on the importance and the con­ We cannot begin to name all of the people HON. EDWARD J. PATTEN who helped-people of all races, nationalities, tributions of the Apollo program and the OF NEW JERSEY _ages, men, women and children-working national space program in general. Pro­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES side by side in a common cause. You know fessor Wasserburg has dispassionately who you are. Whether you brought food or reviewed our national space effort and Tuesday, December 10, 1974 clothing or other needed. articles, or whether draws the conclusion that our space pro­ Mr. PATTEN. Mr. Speaker, I have al­ you voluntered your time to help sort and gram has produced truly significant ways known that Radio Station WCTC, pack the contributions and load the trucks, discoveries and demonstrated practical we want to extend to you our heartfelt of New Brunswick, N.J., is one of the thanks. uses. His perspective, I believe, is objec­ finest in the Nation. The main reason it Individual thanks ~re almost impossible in tive and I recommend this article to my 1s a distinguished ratio station is ' its these circumstances, and we cannot begin to colleagues and general public: strong interest in people. It has great single out any people or organizations for APOLLO BELVEDERE heart, great empathy. fear of leaving some out. In the rush of get­ (By G. J. Wasserburg) ting things done it was d11Il.cult to keep a This has been proven many times in It is five years since the first human beings the past. I remember, for example, when record of everyone who ma.de a contribution. And so we are taking this means to express landed on another planet and then returned the Indians of South Dakota were suffer­ our sincere thank you for a job well done to earth. It is almost two years since the last ing because of a severe winter, WCTC­ to the many individuals and business, serv­ Apollo mission returned to earth from the and the people of central New Jersey­ ice and community organizations who moon. The excitement of Apollo 11 which helped them. And I also recall the gen­ pitched in to help. reached a large proportion of the popula­ erous help of WCTC and its kind listen­ You can feel proud that you live in an tion of planet earth is now a quiet, majestic area where people care. WCTC is proud to be fact in history. The excitement and interest ers when the people of Biafra in Africa in scientific aspects of all the Apollo missions were starving. WCTC got involved, be­ your radio station. Very truly yours, is active and has grown into an evolving cause it cares about people. ANTHONY V. MARANO, study of our sister planet. Most recently, WCTC appealed to the General Manager. Apollo probably represents the largest people of central Jersey to help the vic­ technical enterprise so far undertaken by tims of Hurricane Fifi in Honduras with our society. As such, it is difficult to fully food, medical supplies, and clothing. comprehend or to discuss Apollo with either brevity or clarity. Our perspective is some­ Their response was wonderful-a tribute WILL NOT BE FORGOTTEN times blurred by the rapidity with which to their compassion for human suffering, both technological changes and scientific and their love of mankind. .advances have occurred. On this fifth anni- Many persons were active in the Hon­ HON. CHALMERS P. WYLIE versary of Apollo 11, it is fitting to review duras project and their spirit and help OF OHIO what has passed, along with some personal were inspirational. But I think that two IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES observations. persons deserve special credit for their The beginning of the "Space Age" took Monday, December 9, 1974 place with the dramatic launching of Sputnik talents and leadership-Anthony "Tony" by the Soviet Union on October 4, 1957. The : Marano, general manager of WCTC, and Mr. WYLIE. Mr. Speaker, in the past implications of this feat were manifest both the incomparable Jack Ellery, who di­ few years Columbus, Ohio, has been par­ in the military arena and in the civilian rected the drive over the radio station. ticularly successful in combating urban . sector. The immediate effect of the launching Mr. Speaker, I love the people of cen­ bljght and providing decent homes for its of Sputnik was to cause intense self criticism tral New Jersey and I ·am .also very, very : people. ·Tb.is . has been our good fortune within the United States and to goad the 38988 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 10, 1974 nation into some serious space-related activ­ The first of these objectives was Apollo, ALSEP (Apollo Lunar Science Experiment ities. This permitted some of the talented and a "race' 'to the moon was on, pioneered Package). staff associated with Wernher von Braun, by unmanned spacecraft. Ranger and Sur­ Because Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 were such then working for the U.S. Army at Hunts­ veyor became Apollo support and Lunar perfect flights, the world at large actually ville, Alabama, to rapidly move ahead on the Orbiter paved the way for a manned land­ began to believe that manned spaced flight launching of a satellite--Explorer 1-on Jan­ ing. Chemical analyses of the lunar surface was, after all, not very special. Major tech­ uary 31, 1958. This 8.2 kg satell1te contained were first carried out with the a-scattering nical achievements had come so rapidly that James A. Van Allen's instrumentation which experiment of Anthony L. Turkevich on Sur­ in the new era, which was only two missions first detected the earth's trapped radiation veyors 5, 6, and 7 between September 1967 old, success was almost accepted as a belt. and February 1968. These experiments pro­ straightforward accomplishment. Apollo 13 The national introspection caused by vided limited but clear results in both a proved to be an exception. The motto of the Sputnik led to studies by different legislative qualitative and a quantitative sense. The mission was "Ex Luna Scienta," but the bodies, and after intensive hearings of the broader meanings and acceptance of these bursting of an oxygen tank and subsequent Senate Preparedness and Investigation Sub­ results had to await tl'le very hard dab from serious loss of power aborted the moon­ committee under the chrairmanship of Lyn­ Apollo, but the basic inform~tion was there landing mission. The human and technical don B. Johnson, it was evident that a main and ready for interpretation. drama that ensued was in its own right one consideration was to establish a civilian The manned flight porgram was moving ot the most remarkable feats in all ot man­ space agency. This led to the National Aero­ ahead with an outstanding record of success­ ned space flight. The lifesaving operation be­ nautics and Space Act of 1958 which estab­ ful Gemini missions and with three consecu­ tween planet earth and the three cool­ lished NASA. This agency was charged with tive successful unmanned Saturn I-B headed, moon-bound astronauts James A. the responsibility of "exercising control over launches through 1966. Hcwever, the pro­ Lovell, Jr., Fred W. Halse, Jr., and Thomas aeronautical and space activities sponsored gram suffered a major catastrophe when K. Mattingly II made the best of science by the United States'' excepting "those activ­ three astronauts died in a disastrous fire fiction stories pale by comparison. The un­ ities peculiar to or primarily associated with during a launch pad test at Kennedy Space folded LM served as a space life boat, and the development of weapons systems, [and] Center on January 27, 1967. After an ex­ through the communal ingenuity and sys­ military operations" including military re­ haustive and thorough investigation, NASA tems expertise of the people on earth and search. In particular NASA was charged to instituted extensive changes in management, the people out there, the spacecraft Odyssey " ( 1) plan, direct, and conduct aeronautical operating procedures, and equipment to en­ was brought safely back to splash down on and space activities; (2) arrange for par­ sure that such a catastrophe would not be earth. The overall impression is of the whole ticipation by the scientific community in repeated. The increase in costs that resulted earth acting as a single complex organism, planning scientific measurements and ob­ from these anticipated changes caused major extending a tendril out into distant space, servations to be made through use of aero­ fl.seal constrictions on other space activities, and feeling it injured, safely withdrawing it. nautical and space vehicles, and conduct or particularly in the area of unmanned plane­ Cautious optimism was regained on Apol­ arrange for the conduct of such measure­ tary exploration. lo 14, which visited the Fra Mauro area-a ments and observations; and (3) provide for The subsequent period was one of extreme non-mare region that contained debris from the widest practicable and appropriate dis­ diligence, care, and pressure. The work to­ the hu.ge Imbrium impact. The remaining semination of information concerning its ac­ ward a lunar landing proceeded. Twenty missions Apollo 15, 16, and 17 were of the tivities and the results thereof." In addition, months later on October 11, 1968, the first advanced I series type and provided greatly the administration was permitted to engage manned mission in the lunar landing pro­ increased mobility on the lunar surface by in a program of international cooperation." gram made a successful flight. Apollo 7 flew use of the Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV). Con­ The newly formed agency began to formu­ an 11-day mission of 163 earth orbits. A few fidence in the performance of both crews late and initiate a variety of programs for months later, with a carefully calculated and equipment greatly enhanced the sci­ the exploration of space. Probing of the risk, Apollo 8 was launched to the moon. On ence content of these expeditions. As distinct luna.r environment began with unmanned December 24, 1968, the spacecraft orbited from the earlier missions, there was some missions. In October 1959 the Soviet Luna 3 tr_e moon, and Frank Borman, James A. flexibility in the Extra Vehicular Activities spacecraft gave us our first fuzzy view of the Lovell, Jr., and William A. Anders became (EVA), and some new science procedures back side of the moon and showed it to be the first men to see the moon's far side and were inaugurated which had not been hard­ different from the familiar earth-facing side to view earth rise from the near vicinity of wired into 'the system' from the beginning. which has been scrutinized since Galileo. another planet. The procedures of maneu~ The last crew of Apollo consisted of Eugene The cause of this lunar asymetry, so clearly vering and docking were tested and exer­ A. Cernan, Harrison H. Schmitt, and Ronald shown by the later Lunar Orbiter flights, has cised in earth orbit with Apollo 9, and finally, E. Evans, who landed in the Taurus-Littrow given us a scientific problem that has not with Apollo 10, men returned to lunar orbit valley and returned to earth on December 19, yet been adequately answered. The Ranger and exercised the descent procedures utiliz­ 1972. In a recent meeting in Moscow, there and Surveyor missions were then inaugurated ing the LM. They approached to within 9 was considerable surprise on the part of some by the United States to do scientific analyses miles of the lunar surface and then returned. of the Soviet delegates that Schmitt was ac­ by a series f'.l~ well-instn1me:nted ha.rd a.nd This gave the final measure of confidence to tually a scientist. soft landings. In the meantime, the Soviet proceed to the fi.rst manned landing. The time interval between Sputnik and Union, through vigorous exploitation of a On July 16, 1969, Apollo 11 was launched termination of the Apollo missions was 13 large payload capability, put Yuri A. Gagarin and on July 20, while Michael Collins re­ years. The 'race' to the moon was over. The into space on April 12, 1961, to achieve a mained in orbit, the message came: "Hous­ cost was large but the technical and human single earth orbit on Vostok 1. This was fol­ ton, Tranquility Base here, the Eagle has accomplishments were larger: The total cost lowed by a suborbital flight by Mercury landed." Neil A. Armstrong and Edwin E. to the United States was about $17 per per· astronaut Alan B. Shepard, Jr., on May 5, Aldrin, Jr., became the first men to land on son per mission-all of which was spent here 1961. another planet. This signal came from a dis­ on earth. President J . F. Kennedy addressed the tance of 1.3 light seconds-a separation that We have primarily given a very brief his­ Congress on May 25, 1961, in a special mes­ is cosmically very small and humanly enor­ torical outline of flight events and have sage titled 'Urgent National Needs' and mous. Apollo 11 brushed the old cobwebs of placed little emphasis on the science that stated: mythology away with the rudeness of a new was accomplished. The chief national goal ". . . I believe that this nation should generation of Argonauts. The mythologic al­ as enunicated by J. F. Kennedy was the commit itself to achieving the goal, before lusions which are present in every earth lan­ manned landing, with the safety of the crew this decade is out, of landing a man on the guage were made archaic and strange by real assured. Purely scientific goals were not a moon and returning him safely to the earth. men on a real moon. A human-faced disk prime moving force, which unfortunately No single space project in this period will jumped over by cows, populated with moon led to a strained relationship between the be more impressive to mankind, or more im­ maidens of various races, rabbits, or a woods­ scientific community and NASA Scientific ob­ portant for the long-range exploration of man has become incongruous with the real­ jectives were of necessity secondary, and in space; and none will be so difficult or expen­ ity of Apollo and has yielded to a new myth actuality they were subject to the severe sive to accomplish .... But in a very real of the infinite extend-ability of mankind. 'man qualified' co"lstraint. Purely flight sense, it will not be one man going to the The crew of Apollo 11 returned safely to hardware experiments required enormous in­ moon; if we make this judgment affirma­ earth on July 24, 1969, in the Columbia vestments of time and energy by principal tively, it will be an entire nation. For all of service module. The time from the scare and investigators in order to interface them with us must work to put him there." challenge of Sputnik to the success and dig­ 'the system' and flight qualify; changes in He identified four major national goals nity of Apollo 11 was just a dozen years. EVA time lines to obtain scientific data were for space. There were ( 1) landing a man on The goal established by J. F. Kennedy and very difficult to achieve. the moon and returning him safely to earth the Congress was achieved before the decade Recognition of the importance of science before this decade is out, (2) accelerating was out. The subsequent Apollo missions ex­ objectives increased as the mission ma­ development of the Rover nuclear rocket, (3) tended the stay time on the lunar surface, tured, 'ltut the flexibility of 'the system' to accelerating the use of space satellites for and the flexibility of action increased with include new concepts and functions was lim­ worldwide communications, and (4) develop­ the rising confidence of NASA management ited. This was undoubtedly due to the deep ing rapidly a satelllte system for worldwide and the flight crews. The science content of feeling by NASA management for the safe­ weather observations. the missions · mostly revolved about the ty of the flight crews, but such a philosophy December 10, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF R£.MARKS 38989 also hindered scientific innovations respond­ missions comprise a start toward the broader service organizations were far more fre­ ing to the discovery of the earlier missions. goal of the exploration of the planets and quent. Hence, a Representative had a This aspect of Apollo history must be placed space astronomy, which were identified as better feel of gra~sroot level thinking. in its proper context to serve as a valuable the primary objectives by both PSAC (the guide in future enterprises. President's Scientific Advisory Committee) His dialogs with his constituents were The excitement and importance of scien­ and the Space Science Board for the U.S. easier and the time schedule made office tific discovery, although not a primary ob­ Space Program in the post-apollo period. The sessions w'ith them far less limited. The jective, was still a highly significant part of role of man in general planetary exploration pressures in recent years have become the Apollo missions. The Apollo flight pack­ remains undefined, and the question of greater with a more divisive society, and ages included a number of excellent orbital whether man will maintain his toehold in the legislative sessions longer and far and landed experiments. The glittering grey­ space is largely unanswered. It ls clear that more complex. black basalts returned by Apollo II made ob­ the major scientific exploration of the solar Hence, after 18 years in Washington, vious the enormous value of the returned system outside the immediate vicinity of lunar samples. The overall scientific results earth must for the present be carried out returning to private life will be a wel­ were of high quality. This surprised and with unmanned systems of orbiters, landers, come change in many respects. Yet I pleased many scholars who were unaware of probes, and sample return. know I will miss the humdrum of this the rich results inherent in planetary ex­ We learned from Apollo that it will be life with its varied activities, long and ploration. New discoveries and concepts were necessary to emphasize the scientific plan­ busy days, and its challenges and occa­ born and many old scientific fables evapo­ ning as indicated in the franchise of NASA sional frustrations. rated. The pre-Apollo speculations on plan­ in order that the scientific content of all Having served in the Congress under etary evolution vanished in the light of the space missions be optimized. Adequate scien­ new data, and a new generation of scientific tific management must become an intrinsic five different Presidents, my years of speculation is now upon us. The difference is part of all stages in large-scale technical service have been marked with drastic that the fairy castles are constrained by sub­ endeavors. This participation should begin change and events which will be recorded stantial scientific fact. The rate of increase with the definition of the mission itself and by historians as the most tumultuous in in knowledge over the period of the Apollo continue on an interactive, discursive basis this Nation's lifetime. After all, the missions was exceedingly rapid and caused into the mission and beyond to the final United States, unlike the other great complex changes in both observation and evaluation. The scientific community must powers of the world, is a comparatively thought, so that our perspective ls sometimes also be willing and able to participate in the young nation. We have not yet observed lacking. We have taken a quantum jump in planning and engineering as well as the de­ our views of planetary evolution because of cision-making functions. This will take a our 200th anniversary; and there are Apollo, and it ls difficult to remember our great deal of time on the part of the general those who say that the test of our system earlier gropings. scientific community. and the great free Republic which is ours Well before the Apollo missions drew to In its evolution, the U.S. Space Program has a long way to go to prove its perma­ a. close it was clear, in certain circles in the has produced truly significant scientific dis­ nence and viability. NASA administration and in the scientific coveries and has demonstrated the practical By comparison with the civilizations community, that the flight program and the uses of satellites. The efforts which led to of nations of the Western World, this is science program were different. When the the success of the Apollo program were not a filght program was over, there still remained national burden but a general stimulant to true. But our national tribulations of the the great problems of ALSEP data. acqui­ the national spirit and indeed to the spirit past century make it clear that our des­ sition and evaluation, the study both of the of all mankind. The true price of Apollo is tiny does not depend upon the utopian reduced data. and of the lunar samples, the measured not in dollars but in national ef­ planners as much as it does upon com­ synthesis of these data, and the preserva­ fort. With this effort we have purchased a monsense and an appreciation of the tion of these treasures for future penetration. historical eminence that transcends national greatness of a system which has in a Even though NASA ls preeminently com­ boundaries. There is no doubt that Apollo brief span of history created the highest mitted to flight programs, the NASA char­ stands on this eminence and commands a standard of living for the greatest num­ ter has· a. specific commitment to space fine view. science. It was (and is) thus necessary to ber of people known to man. Thousands recognize the importance of reaping the of years of civilization of other coun­ scientific fruits of all flight missions by tries have failed to produce anything supporting a prolonged, but not indefinite, CONGRESSMAN HAROLD R. COLLIER close to it. phase of postmission study. The high-com­ MAKES FINAL REPORT TO THE It is for the American people to realize pression operation of science during the pe­ PEOPLE OF THE SIXTH DISTRICT that the constant attacks upon our sys­ riod of Apollo filghts must be followed by a OF ILLINOIS long-term period in which a mature prod­ tem, which is admittedly not perfect, uct of high scientific quality will be pro­ can only weaken the structure of democ­ duced. New data will have to be obtained, HON. HAROLD R. COLLIER racy and freedom. In addressing our­ the old incomplete data filtered, and new ap­ OF ILLINOIS selves to this Nation's faults, we must be proaches identified. This function of Apollo IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ever mindful that it affords a freedom science ls currently vital and active. The which millions of people across the face knowledge obtained by the international Tuesday, December 10, 1974 of this world do not today enjoy. I be­ scientific community which participates in lieve we can emerge from the ills of the this vigorous and cosmopolitan endeavor Mr. COLLIER. Mr. Speaker, under will undoubtedly play a key role in future leave to extend my remarks in the REC­ past 12 years an even stronger nation planetary exploration. ORD, I submit herewith my report to the than before. But it will take a com­ Concomittant with the extended postmis­ residents of the Sixth Congressional Dis­ bination of belief in the principles of sion study, it is most reasonable that NASA trict of Illinois covering a resume of the free enterprise system on one hand should formally assume its rightful responsi­ legislation and my activities as their rep­ and a willingness to recognize social and bility for maintaining the lunar samples in resentative in Washington. Because it economic ills with a determination to as pristine a condition as possible for study will be the final of these annual reports, correct them on the other. Each must be by present and future generations, and for done in its proper perspective. providing the means to make these materials I shall also make appropriate general ob­ available to scholars. servations of the historymaking events After nearly a decade of turmoil with Of the four goals identified by President of recent years. three tragic assassinations, riots in the Kennedy in 1961, three are now realized (only I face voluntary retirement from the cities and on the college campuses, we the nuclear rocket has fizzled). Apollo was Congress with a great deal of personal :finally extricated ourselves from the a resounding success, the international use satisfaction, although I look back to more conflict in Southeast Asia. Soon there­ of satellites for worldwide communication tranquil days of my service in Washing­ after we opened new fronts in diplomatic has developed rapidly, and the use of satel­ lite systems for worldwide weather observa­ ton with considerable nostalgia. During relations. Never have we accomplished tions is now established. my first two terms the Nation was at so much in our foreign policy. Sadly, at In addition, since 1970 there has been a peace and a spirit of cooperation between the peak of the vastly improved posi­ wider exploration of the solar system using the legislative and executive branches tion of the United States in a world mov­ unmanned space vehicles. Two lunar sample of Government prevailed. The legislative ing toward greater peaceful endeavors, return missions by the Soviet Union gave process was more orderly and far less the same President who had achieved valuable supplemental data to that obtained by Apollo. Our first hard look at Mars, Jupi­ complicated. Congress adjourned each so much in foreign policy became the ter, Mercury, and Venus were achieved by year in sufficient time to permit Mem­ principal in one of the most notorious po­ both American and Soviet spacecraft. The re­ bers to spend a great deal more time litical :fiascoes in our history-one cent Jupiter and Mercury encounters repre­ back in the district. My appearances be­ which resulted in his resignation from sent significant scientific advances. These fore school groups, business, civic, and that high office. 38990 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 10, 1974 Now I shall move to a detailed report dependency and indemnity compensa­ proves alcohol and drug abuse educa­ on major bills passed in the past: tion for their survivors. ti.on programs. Public Law 93-246: Increases Federal Public Law 93-296: Research on Aging Public Law 93-434: Provides for use of Government's contribution to the costs Act. Establishes National Institute on standard time from October 1974 to Feb­ of its employees' health benefits to 50 Aging for conduct and support of bio· ruary 1975. percent beginning in 1974 and 60 percent medical, social, and behavioral research Public Law 93-438: Energy Research beginning in 1975. and training related to aging process and and Development Administration Act. Public Law 93-247: Child Abuse Pre­ diseases and other special problems of Consolidates certain governmental func­ vention and Treatment Act. Authorizes the aged. tions in a new Energy Research and De­ $15,000,000, $20,000,000, $25,000,000, and Public Law 93-302: Authorizes, for velopment Administration. $25,000,000, respectively, for fiscal years Peace Corps, not to exceed $1,000,000, Public Law 93-443: Federal Election 1974 through 1977 for prevention and fiscal 1975, for increases in salary, pay, Campaign Act Amendments. Provides for treatment of child abuse. retirement, or other employee benefits public financing of Federal primary and Public Law 93-248: Intervention on the authorized by law. general election campaigns. High Seas Act. Provides for action by Public Law 93-319: Energy Supply and Public Law 93-449: Emergency Home Coast Guard to prevent, mitigate, or Environmental Coordination Act. Pro­ Purchase Assistance Act. Increases the eliminate a threat of oil pollution re­ vides for a means to assist in meeting availability of reasonably priced mort­ sulting from a maritime accident beyond essential needs of United States for fuels, gage credit for home purchases. the coastal States' territorial sea. in a manner which is consistent, to full­ Public Law 93-473: Solar Energy Re­ Public Law 93-251: Water Resources est extent practicable, with existing na­ search, Development, and Demonstration Development Act. Besides authorizing the tional commitments, to protect and im­ Act. Authorizes funds for Federal pro­ Army's Corps of Engineers to design, con­ prove environment. grams f.or research and development of struct, repair, improve, and modify spec­ Public Law 93-337: Provides 10-year solar energy as a practical means for ified public works on rivers and harbors delimiting period for pursuit of educa­ heating and cooling. I cosponsored. for navigation and flood control, this law tional programs by veterans and their Public Law 93-495: Amends the laws includes the Streambank Erosion Control wives and widows. relating to Federal regulation of deposi­ Evaluation and Demonstration Act, Public Law 93-340: Provides for with­ tory institutions and raises the ceiling on which authorizes the Engineers to estab­ holding of city income or employment Federal deposit insurance to $40,000. lish and conduct, for 5 fiscal years, a na­ taxes from pay of Federal employees in Public Law 93-496: Authorizes funds tional streambank erosion prevention cities where 500 or more such persons are for fiscal year 1975 for the National Rail­ and control demonstration program. employed. road Passenger Corporation and in­ Public Law 93-254: Designed to reg­ Public Law 93-342: Authorizes ap­ crea.ses loan guarantees for service and ulate dumping of material into ocean proximately $13,900,000, fiscal 1975, for equipment improvement. waters in the U.S.. territorial waters. saline water conversion program. Among the measures that I introduced Public Law 93-259: Fair labor stand­ Public Law 93-344: Congressional or cosponsored during 1974 are the fol­ ards amendment. Provides for increase in Budget and Impoundment Control Act. lowing: minimum wage to $2.30 an hour over a Congressman COLLIER was a sponsor. Social security: A bill providing full specified period for employees covered be­ Public Law 93-347: Continues perma­ exemption at age 65 from employees' tax fore 1966, nonagricultural employees nently present nonsurplus commodity for purposes of old-age, survivors, and covered before 1966, nonagricultural em­ distribution program and amends Food disa·bility insurance and an equivalent ployees covered in 1966 and 1974, and Stamp Act. reduction in self-employment tax. A bill agricultural employees. Public Law 93-351: Extends and re­ providing that a women who is otherwise Public Law 92-269: Provides that any vises nutrition programs for elderly. qualified for OASDI benefits may become funds appropriated to carry out any pro­ Public Law 93-352: National cancer entitled to widow's insurance benefits, gram to which General Education Pro­ amendments. subject to existing actuarial reductions, visions Act applies for fiscal years 1973 Public Law 93-353: Health Services at age 50 whether or not disabled. A bill and 1974 shall remain available for obli­ Research, Health Statistics, and Medical removing limitation upon amount of out­ gation and expenditure during fiscal 1975. Libraries Act. side income an individual may earn while Public Law 93-278: Environmental Public Law 93-354: National Diabetes .receiving social security benefits. education amendments. Provides that in Mellitus Act. Internal Revenue Code: A bill allowing developmeni; of curriculums regarding Public Law 93-355: Legal Services Cor­ a tax deduction for expenses incurred by environment under Environmental Edu­ poration Act. Transfers legal services taxpayer for dependents' education. A cation Act due consideration be given to program from Office of Economic Op­ bill providing that amounts paid to re­ economic implications of environmental portunity to a Legal Services Corpora­ lated individuals shall be allowable as a protection. Authorizes $5,000,000, $10,- tion. deduction under provision permitting a 000,000, and $15,000,000, respectively, for Public Law 93-360: Extends coverage deduction for dependent care services fiscals 1975 through 1977 to carry out the and protection of National Labor Rela­ necessary for gainful employment. A bill act's purposes. tions Act to employees of nonprofit hos­ excluding first $3,000 of a civil service Public Law 93-282: Comprehensive pitals. or other Federal retirement annuity or Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Preven­ Public Law 93-366: Antihijacking Act pension from income tax. A bill prohibit­ tion, Treatment, and Rehabilitation Act and Air Transportation Security Act. ing Federal Energy Administration from amendments. Authorizes $80,000,000 for Amends Federal Aviation Act of 1958 so imposing any tax or fee on gasoline. fiscal years 1975 and 1976 for grants to as to provide a more effective program Veterans: A bill providing for a pen­ States for alcoholism and alcohol abuse to prevent aircraft piracy. I cosponsored. sion to World War I veterans. A bill pro­ programs. Authorizes $13,000,000 for Public Law 93-373: Authorizes funds viding additional compensation to vet­ each of fiscals 1975 through 1977 for for increased participation by United erans who are totally disabled because grants from National Institute on Alco­ States in International Development As­ of combat injuries. A bill providing that holism and Alcohol Abuse to the States sociation. Memorial Day and Veterans Day be ob­ for implementing Uniform Alcoholism Public Law 93-385: Provides 1-year served annually on May 30 and Novem­ and Intoxication Treatment Act. extension of authorization for Federal ber 11, respectively. Public Law 93-289: Veterans' Insur­ capital contributions into student loan Health: National Commission on Epi­ ance Act. Expands term "member" for funds of health professions education lepsy and Its Consequences Act. National purposes of servicemen's group life in­ schools. Huntington's Disease Control Act. surance program to include specified Public Law 93-387: Establishes a Presi­ Crime and law enforcement: A bill members of Reserves and National dential Council on Wage and Price Sta­ making it a Federal crime to kill or as­ Guard. bility. sault a fireman or law enforcement offi­ Public Law 93-295: Veterans Disability Public Law 93-400: Creates a Presi­ cer performing his duties when offender Compensation and Survivor Benefits dential Office of Federal Procurement travels in interstate commerce or uses Act. Increases rates of disability compen­ Policy. any of its facilities for such purpose. sation for disabled veterans and rates of Public Law 93-422: Extends and im- Police Officers Benefits Act, providing December 10, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 38991 gratuity of $50,000 to survivors of police­ tinction between small and large busi­ informed of ongoing status of any nego­ man killed in line of duty. A bill author­ ness concerns; applicability of each such tiations with any foreign government izing pretrial detention if judicial officer standard on an industry-by-industry regarding cancellation, renegotiation, determines that, if released, a person basis; and, where feasible and appro­ rescheduling, or settlement of any debt charged with a noncapital offense will priate, in each such industry, exceptions owed to U.S. Government by such for­ pose a danger to community. A bill in­ for business concerns. eign governments under any program. creasing to not less than 1 year nor more Illinois: A bill authorizing appropria­ A bill directing Secretary of Trans­ than 10 minimum sentence imposed as tions for elimination of Illinois' rail­ portation to prescribe regulations pro­ additional penalty upon persons con­ highway grade crossings. A bill author­ hibiting any motor vehicle from being victed of committing a felony with, or izing State of Illinois and Metropolitan equipped with any starter interlock sys­ while carrying, an unlawful firearm; and Sanitary District of Greater Chicago, tem associated with seatbelts or upper increasing to not less than 5 years nor under Army's direction, to increase diver­ torso restraints. more than 25 years minimum sentence sion of water from Lake Michigan into A bill amending Federal Meat Inspec­ for second or subsequent violations. A bill Illinois Waterway in order to control and tion Act to require that imported meat providing that anyone who interferes eliminate water erosion of Lake Michi­ and meat food products made in whole with commerce by damaging to extent gan's shoreline and to improve quality or in part of imported meat be labeled of $2,000 or more any property of a per­ of water in Illinois Waterway. "imported" at all stages of distribution son where business is conducted or prop­ OTHER MEASURES until delivery to ultimate consumer. erty is maintained shall be fined not National Research Coordination Act, Federal Election Campaign Reform more than $10,000 or imprisoned not authorizing Comptroller General to de­ Act. more than 20 years or both. velop, establish, and maintain a Nation­ Fiscal Integrity Act, reestablishing fis­ · Labor and employment: A bill pro­ al Research Data Bank which will collect cal integrity of the United States and viding that a household shall not par­ in one place all available information its monetary policy. ticipate in food stamp program while and data relating to research programs A bill directing Federal Trade Com­ any of its members is on strike, unless conducted with Federal assistance and mission to conduct a study of practice household was eligible for and partici­ also authorizing him to publish an an­ whereby supermarket food . chains re­ pating in program immediately prior to nual catalog summarizing all informa­ price food items after they have been ini­ strike's start. United States Court of tion and data available to public. tially priced and offered for sale. Labor-Management Relations Act, estab­ Vocational rehabilitation amend­ A bill prohibiting shipment in inter­ lishing court empowered to assume juris­ ments, authorizing grants to public or state commerce of dogs intended to be diction in deadlocked labor disputes nonprofit private agencies for paying used to fight other dogs for purposes of which President determines imperil na­ part of cost of planning, preparing, and sport, wagering, or entertainment. tional interest. Railway Labor Act and initiating programs to provide vocation­ Constitutional amendments-provided Labor-Management Relations Act of al rehabilitation services to individuals for by joint resolutions: An amendment 1947 Amendments, dealing with railway with spinal cord injuries or to low­ providing that no public school student labor-management problems, including achieving deaf individuals. shall, because of his race, creed, or color, strikes. A bill directing Civil Service Com­ A bill providing that no person in be assigned to or required to attend a mission to establish, maintain, and keep United States shall, on basis of age-un­ particular school. An amendment pro­ current a job placement index of all less under 18 or over 65-be excluded viding for popular election of President vacant positions in executive branch's from participation in, be denied benefits and Vice President of the United States. competitive service. A bill making it an of, or be subject to discrimination under, An amendment providing that nothing unlawful employment practice to dis­ any education program or activity re­ contained in the Constitution shall criminate in employment because of a ceiving Federal financial assistance; ex­ abridge rights of persons lawfully as­ person's overqualification for the job. ceptions to these provisions set forth. sembled, in any public building which is Energy: Arctic Oil and Natural Gas Act, A bill providing that no part of any supported in whole or in part through authorizing appointment of Alaskan oil appropriation and no local currency expenditure of public funds, to partici­ pipeline task force to study availability owned by United States shall be avail­ pate in voluntary prayer. of a right-of-way across Canadian ter­ able for payment of any expenses, nor PERSONAL REPORT ritory for construction and operation of shall transportation be provided by As many of my constituents know, t:ransmission facilities for petroleum re­ United States, in connection with for­ congressional offices handle many prob­ serves of Alaska's North Slope. Alaskan eign travel of any "lame duck" Member lems and matters for our constituents Petroleum Transmission Act directs of either House of Congress. which are unrelated to legislation. We Comptroller General to study two prin­ A bill providing that Supreme Court have long felt that the Congressman has cipal alternative routes for recovering of the United States shall not have ap­ a responsibility to be the liaison between petroleum reserves from Alaska's North pellate jurisdiction to review any case in the people he represents and many agen­ Slope. Soviet Energy Investment Prohi­ which trial court has determined legality cies of the Federal Government. Both our bition Act, providing that no U.S. Gov­ of apportionment of population among c1istrict and Washington offices have ernment agency may directly or indi­ districts of a State from which Members made it a special point to be of service rectly provide assistance to finance or of U.S. House of Representatives are to the people of the district in this man­ otherwise promote export of any com­ elected unless: trial court found that ner. We have assisted in immigration modity, product, or service from United population of any district in State is and naturalization problems, military States if intended use of such commodity, less than 90 percent of population of dis­ and veterans' requests, social security product, or service involves energy re­ trict having highest population in State; matters, and a host of varied items which search and development of energy ex­ or the only questions presented were involve scores of agencies and bureaus ploration in Soviet Union. clearly erroneous, whether any district's of the Federal Government. Occupational Safety and Health Act: boundaries were drawn so as to discrim­ Over the period of the past 18 years we A bill repealing the act. A bill excluding inate against any racial or ethnic group, have assisted our constituency in more from definition "employers" any non­ or whether procedural or evidentiary er­ than 8,000 personal matters which were agricultural employer who employed not rors were committed by trial court. brought to us for assistance. This num­ more than 25 employees at any time dur­ Federal Paperwork Burden Relief Act, ber has dropped off sharply on an annual ing preceding calendar year, or a small directing Comptroller General to con­ basis during the past 2 years with the farmer. A bill requiring recognition of duct study of reporting requirements of end of the Vietnam war. This is because differences in hazards to employees be­ Federal regulatory programs to deter­ the number of military and Selective tween heavy construction industry and mine extent to which these requirements Service problems have understandably light residential construction industry in may be revised to lessen burden upon decreased by 8C percent. Nevertheless, promulgating health and safety stand­ small and independent business estab­ we handled over 200 case problems in the ards. A bill providing, with respect to lishments. past 12 months. applicability of standards established un­ A joint resolution directing Secretary We will be closing our district office der the act to small business concerns, of State to keep appropriate congres­ in North Riverside at the end of the year that consideration shall be given to: dis- sional committees fully and currently as I will be giving up my office in the 38992 EXTENSIONS OF R1EMARKS December 1 O, 1974 Longworth House of Representatives Last week, as state and city officials assem­ his brother, Elder Solomon Lightfoot Mi­ Building December 31. bled in the new State Office Building at 125th chaux. After leaving the church, he recalled, My successor, Congressman-elect Street and Seventh Avenue to announce yet he decided to go into the book business when another tentative proposal for the revitali­ he noticed some books through a store win­ HENRY J. HYDE, will be taking over the zation of Harlem, Mr. Michaux presided over dow he had been hired to wash. first of the year. His address in the a close-out sale of his books in the small At the time he was selling his first books, House of Representatives will be 1206 shop just down the block. from the back of a wagon at Seventh Ave­ Longworth House Office Building and a NEW FACILITY PROMISED nue and 125th Street, "You coUldn't find over 15 or 20 books by black people," he staff member can be reached at area Until 1968, when the block was cleared code 202-225-4561. Mr. HYDE and I have said. for construction of the State Building, the "Claude McKay, Countee Cullen, Langston worked closely together to provide a very bookstore stood at the corner of 125th Street Hughes-publishers were accepting only orderly transition of staff and files, and and Seventh Avenue, a spot dubbed "Harlem poetry books by those fellows, because they he will undoubtedly be announcing the Square" by Mr. Michaux. He then moved into were so popular," he said, referring to some addresses of his district offices in the very an undemolished building at the eastern end outstanding writers of the nineteen-twen­ near future. I have assured him that I of the site, with a promise of space in what­ ties, known as "the Harlem renaissance." will be available at any time I can be of ever building the state eventually con­ Recently, a reference work cited Mr. Mi­ assistance to him as he takes on the re­ structed there. But development of that two­ chaux's bookstore as stocking more than sponsibility of representing the residents and-a-half-acre site is still years off. "200,000 volumes of Afro-American history of our district. END OF PERFECT DAY and literature." In the early nineteen-sixties, when Mr. Are all his books by and about black peo­ Michaux was a prominent black-nationalist ple? figure in Harlem, a host to African leaders "All except one-Webster's Dictionary," he and was organizing demonstrations at the said, employing a definition expansive PROF. LEWIS H. MICHAUX AND THE United Nations that called for that body's enough to include, among others, the Bible intervention in the United States civil rights and Tom Hayden's "Rebellion and Repres­ NATIONAL MEMORIAL AFRICAN sion." BOOKSTORE struggle, a large sign hung over his door, heralding the shop as the "House of Good INVESTORS SOUGHT Sense and Home of Proper Propaganda." A number of groups in Harlem, including HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL Last week another sign in the window said: the Harlem Urban Development Corporation "This is the end of the perfect day." and the Congress of Racial Equality, have OF NEW YORK Visitors fiowed in and out of the store un­ recently begun searching for investors or IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES der the gaze of a life-s·ize portrait of Mal­ foundations wllling to help keep the book­ store operating. Tuesday, December 10, 1974 colm X. Longtime customers offered con­ dolences as if over the passing of a valued Dr. Clarke is a member of a group that has Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, an his­ friend; younger visitors were quiet, a bit been urging the ministers of a number of black churches to buy the store jointly, but toric cultural landmark in Central Har­ ~ell-conscious. lem, the National Memorial African Mr. Michaux sat among hi3 remaining so far without results. books and recalled a time years ago when In the meantime, Mr. Michaux said that Bookstore, may soon be closed down. he was speaking in the Harlem area on the he would go on radio the week before Christ­ Prof. Lewis H. Michaux, an active par­ importance of education. He said a father mas to announce that he would give away ticipant in community affairs and found­ urged his young son to step forward, and his unsold books to Harlem residents who er of the bookstore, has announced that then the father asked Mr. Michaux what his have children. the bookstore will close. son should be. The bookdealer considered a "The height of my ambition is to give them As one who grew up in Central Har­ moment, then said, "A doctor," and sold the to the people in the community," he said. lem, I have fond memories of the Na­ rr.an a book. tional Memorial African Bookstore. Pro­ ADVICE IS FOLLOWED fessor Michaux has made the bookstore Twenty-six years later, a man approached THE OZONE LAYER-PART 2 an educational resource center on black Mr. Michaux in a restaurant and said he had political, historic, economic, and cultural been that boy, and he invited Mr. Michaux affairs. Students, scholars, and interested to Boston where he had his medical prac­ tice. The book his father had been sold was HON. LES ASPIN people from all walks of life have found called, "The Negro in Medicine." OF WISCONSIN the bookstore an invaluable resource in "This thing brought tears to my eyes," IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the nearly half-century it has been in Mr. Michaux sa.td. "Here was a common or­ Tuesday, December 10, 1974 existence. dinary windr>w washer that caused a young At this time, I would like to share man to study medicine." Mr. ASPIN. Mr. Speaker, perhaps the with my colleagues an article on Profes­ Over the decades, Mr. Michaux's store most disturbing aspect of the freon threat sor Michaux and the bookstore which earned a reputation as the place to obtain to the ozone layer is our lack of informa­ obscure or out-of-print volumes, or books appeared in the November 30, 1974, edi­ that other stores did not care to stock. tion. We do not know how fast we are tion of the New York Times: For example, Charles Hamilton, the Colum­ losing ozone because of freon. We do not MICHAUX'S BOOK STORE, A FONT OF BLACK bia University professor who was co-author know how much damage increased ultra­ CULTURE, TO SHUT DOWN with Stokely Carmichael o! "Black Power," violet radiation will do to humans or the (By Judith Cummings) said: food crops on which they depend. We do Lewis H. Michaux has decided to close his "For the whole decade of the sixties, I not know how quickly the danger is National Memorial African Book Store, for couldn't find 'Here I Stand/ by Paul Robe­ approaching. nearly half a century a center of black in­ son," the former football star, actor and Accurate information about this sort tellectual and political activity in Harlem. classical singer, who was a subject of the McCarthy-era investigations. "Michaux got it of technical subject is a prerequisite for Mr. Michaux, the 89-year-old founder and intelligent legislation. And intelligent operator of the bookstore and a one-time for me." window washer who is known in the com­ For John Henrik Clarke, a scholar in bhck legislation on this subject may be a pre­ munity as "the Professor," said the store history on the faculty of Hunter College, requisite for our very survival. would close before Christmas. "It's my baby, Mr. Michaux found "Islam in Ethiopia," by That is why the Congress was so wise but its got too heavy for me," he said. Spencer Triningham, and for Harold Cruse, in establishing the Office of Technology Although a state aide said Mr. Michaux historian and author of "The Crisis of the Assessment, charged with providing us was welcome to continue to occupy the state Negro Intellectual," he got a copy of Jacques Romain's Haitian novel, "The Masters of the with independent expert judgment on owned building on Lenox Avenue rent-free matters of this sort. "for an indefinite period," Mr. Michaux has Dew." said that for 44 years the shop has been "a "The Schomburg was a place where people I have written to OTA Director Dad­ one-man show" and that there is now no came to do research, but we sent them to dario asking him to explore this area. one to take over for him. Michaux's if they wanted to buy a book," The letter follows: The store, at 101 west 125th Street, is widely said Jean Blackwell Hutson, chief of the NOVEMBER 21, 1974. regarded by scholars and many librarians for Schomburg Center for Research in Black Mr. EMILIO DADDARIO, its comprehensive collection of literature on Culture. "The two complemented each oth­ Director, Office of Technology Assessment, black and African history and culture. Be­ er." Washington, D.C. yond that, it assumed a place since its found­ START OF BUSINESS RECALLED DEAR MR. DADDARIO: Recent investigations ing in 1930 as an unofficial cultural center, Mr. Michaux left his home in Newport by Wofsy, McElroy, and Sze at the Harvard a gathering place for scholars and street­ News, Va., at the age of 13 and came to New Center for Earth and Planetary Physics in­ corner orators, for politicians and browsers. York as a deacon in a. church organized by dicate that the use of chlorofiuoromethane Decembe1r 10, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 38993 (Freon) in aerosol cans and coolant systems without success. Indeed, they seem to hand, BS-81 admitted, the starling has a soft may pose a substantial threat to the ozone be as dim.cult to kill as Rasputin. spot for "cherries, small fruits, garden truck layer which shields the earth froin hard and late fruits." Dr. Burt Monroe, University Through efforts that we made last of Louisville biologist, says starlings also ultraviolet radiation. Mr. Tom McGurn of year, a chemical, Tergitol, which was your office has a copy of their paper. have a taste for late grains, and, if they This work raises a number of questions: approved by the Environmental Protec­ happen to form a roost early in the fall ( 1) How great is the risk of a reduction tion Agency, was used at Fort Campbell. before these grains are in, they can play hell in ozone cover due to chlorofiuoromethane All the.variables have to be right in order with a crop of wheat or barley. use? for the treatment to be effective; and They also carry a fungus which causes ( 2) How much damage would an increase at that time the weather conditions were histoplasmosis, a lung ailment, and trans­ in ultraviolet radiation reaching the surface missive gastroneteritis, or TGE, which kills less than ideal. Therefore, the effective­ young farm animals, especially pigs. For these do to humans, animals, and plants? ness was not all that was desired. Never­ (3) If there is a real danger, how soon reasons, farmers tend to regard the starling must chlorofiuoromethane production be re­ theless, the operation was considered to as a winged Typhoid Mary. Dr. Wade Kadel, duced or banned to avoid serious danger? be worthwhile, and plans are underway veterinarian with the state's Animal Diag­ (4) What alternative technologies, now for use of the Tergitol this fall. We must nostic Laboratory at Hopkinsville, reported available or within reach of development, rid ourselves of this health and economic last fall that in 1973 area farmers lost $90,000 could substitute for the present uses of menace. in wheat and barley, and $116,000 in young chlorofiuoromethane? I am pleased to insert in the RECORD pigs because of starlings. Mayor Atkins says (5) What are the costs and dangers of such that in 1972 the county had 114 cases of an article by John Ed Pearce on this histoplasmosis, and more cases in 1973. The technologies? subject and printed in the Courier-Jour­ (6) How can we best mobilize research ac­ disease has been with them, he says, since tivities to answer these questions in the near nal and Times: the starlings came five years ago. And, he future? AMERICA'S HATE BIRD insists, it is getting worse. The issue is urgent. The Wofsy-McElroy­ (By John Ed Pearce) Hopkinsville isn't the first town to have such troubles. Beginning in 1963, the city of Sze Calculations project an ozone reduction A fellow wrote a song once about "my of 3 % if chlorofiuoromethane production is Dexter, Mo., got a visitation of approximately darling, my darling, I fl.uttered and fled like eight million starlings, and in the spring halted as early as 1978. There is no assurance a starling." Which gives you an idea of how that such a deficit would not cause serious of 1965 local health officials found that 93 much he knew about starlings. Starlings may per cent of the 1,000 persons tested showed problems. Discovering whether the problem fl.utter. Flee they do not. Once they drop by, is real will take time. Inventing a solution some signs of histoplasmosls. "No doubt they are very slow to take a hint about about it," they declared. "Starlings cause it." will take time. Time must be allowed for leaving. orderly adjustment to avoid economic dis­ Dr. Frederick Hilton, of the University of And you don't get just a couple of star­ Louisville Medical School, and an old hand ruption. Yet the total time before we must lings. They tend to come in groups of a mil­ act may be as little as three years. at starling research, says this is a bum rap. lion or so. Last fall, Marylanders fought a "Starlings don't cause histoplasmosis," he I am wondering if this might not be an roost of what they said were 20 million star­ area that your new office would be interested says. "Starling droppings cause it." This lings. Little Rock, Ark., had one bunch with subtle distinction, however, is often lost on in exploring. an estimated 40 million, and Kentucky's Sincerely, victims of hlstoplasmosis, who tend to put it Christian County ls preparing all-out war in a category with "guns don't kill people, LES ASPIN, against a 10-million-bird delegation in the Member of Congress. people kill people." You just don't run into a event it comes back in the next few weeks. lot of starling droppings unless there have A letter to Senator KENNEDY and Con­ "They've been coming in here for five years been some starlings around. gressman MOSHER, chairman and vice now,'' says Hopkinsville Mayor George At­ People have been giving the starling the kins. "Last year they about drove us crazy. bad mouth since it was introduced to this chairman of the Technology Assessment But we're going to be ready if they come Board, is now circulating for cosigners. country from England in 1891. Don't blame back. We've done all our paper work, estab­ the English. The man to blame is Eugene I urge Members to join me in persuad­ lished a multi-county control program, got­ Schieffelin, a New York importer who made ing OTA to launch a major investigation. ten the required permission from EPA and a bundle and took up Shakespeare as a We cannot afford to get caught short CEQ (Environmental Protection Agency and hobby. Anything the Bard mentioned was on information. Council for Environmental Quality), and big with him, and when he read of Henry IV we've gotten the okay of the Department of saying "I'll have a starling taught to speak.. " Defense which we needed because most of he decided the starling must be a pretty cool the land in question, the land they roost on bird, so he brought 120 of them to New York AMERICA'S HATE BIRD is on Ft. Campbell." and released them in Central Park. By 1920 Good planning. The trouble is that plans they were all over the eastern half of the aren't usually effective when it comes to star­ country and becoming a nuisance. Now lings. For half a century Americans have they're everywhere. HON. FRANK A. STUBBLEFIELD been complaining to authorities and de­ One reason that the starling is unpopular OF KENTUCKY manding that something be done about ls that it drives off desirable birds. "It ls a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES them. Dirty, they say. Make a mess. Drive very competitive bird," says Dr. Monroe. "It off other birds. Make it dangerous to sit un­ developed in Europe, where there were com­ Tuesday, December 10, 1974 der the trees. Mess up downtown buildings. petitive species of starlings, and in urban Mr. STUBBLEFIELD. Mr. Speaker, our Nasty. And for just as long city, state and conditions that forced it to be competitive federal agencies have been trying to help, and resourceful to survive. Over here, condi­ feathered friend, the starling, has worn usually to no avail. out his welcome in my district. In fact, tions are easier; there are few species of its AB far back as 1934, the federal govern­ type to compete for food, territory and so it is no longer called "friend," but is now ment responded to the outcries of taxpay­ on." known as America's hate bird. These ers with Biological Survey booklet BS-81, It's tough, all right. It eats like a horse, birds have invaded the Fort Campbell­ which didn't give the taxpayers much com­ stores fat efficiently and with its tough, oily Hopkinsville-Christian County, Ky., area fort. feathers can survive almost any weather. by the millions, never taking the hint The Government, BS-81 said, had tried When it moves in, it drives off woodpeckers, to just go away. Eradication seems to trimming trees, eliminating roosts, trapping, bluebirds, martins and other hole-nesters. capturing in enclosed roosts, gassing, poison­ A mockingbird will whip the grease off a be the only answer. ing, spraying, frightening and general noise A number of eradication devices have starling one-on-one, but when a cloud of making. None had worked very well. It had starlings appears even mockingbirds leave. been ·tried in various locations, but to put light bulbs in roosts, hoping to keep the There's no such thing as one-on-one with no avail. In 1948 itching powder was starlings awake and make them leave; the starlings. used on starling roosting places, but the birds liked lights, cuddled up to keep warm. Part of the starling's poor image stems starlings seemed to like that. Copper It tried a searchlight, which fascinated the from the fact that he is also a friendly, wires have been strung along edges of birds; they fiew around it, showing off, gregarious bird. "It likes other birds of its buildings, giving the birds a mild shock, perched on it, messed it up. It tried fiashguns, own kind," says Dr. Monroe, as well as but they just moved next door. Using shotguns, Roman candles, fire hoses, toy bal­ grackles, red-winged blackbirds and cow­ sulfur in trees proved to be futile. Loud­ loons, pebbles in cans, traps, bells and so on. birds. And while these birds are better liked Nothing, BS-81 sighed, worked. than the starling, they add to the size of the speakers emitting a shriek too high for But, it added, look on the sunshine side. roost. In most roosts, starlings are actually the human ear to hear has been tried, "Despite its sorry reputation, the starling ls in the minority. Most roosts are 50 to 60 per but the starlings again moved "next recognized as one of the most effective cent grackles and blackbirds, but people door." Attempts to catch the birds in enemies of ground insects . . . the clover think of them only as starlings. cages have also been tried, but unsuccess­ leaf weevil, the Japanese beetle, May beetle, "Out in the country, in rural roosts, star­ fully. Other methods have been used cutworms and grasshoppers." on the other lings are usually 45 per cent of the roost. CXX--2458-Part 29 . 38994 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 10, 1974 But in cities, the roosts a.re usually almost for the human ear to hear, but not too high Cincinnati invested $418.18 in shotgun entirely starlings, and that's where the trou­ for starlings. The starlings left Detroit's shells and turned a bunch of hunters loose ble is. The Louisville roost, which gave so Sherwood Forest, where they had been roost­ on rooftops. They finally netted 6,010 star­ much trouble a few years ago, was starlings. ing, and went to a. neighboring grove. Boyes lings, but the city fathers figured that at About two million of them." pursued, his loudspeakers shrieking. He may that rate they'd run out of money long be­ The fa.ct that the starling is something of still be out there, chasing them. fore they ran out of starlings. a 9-to-5 bird also complicates things. They That winter, the Westminster Borough Louisville got its first big invasion in 1957, come into town, settle in leafy trees where Council of London announced that it was in­ and by 1958 the downtown area was covered they mess up sidewalks, parked cars and stalling electric wires along roosting ledges with starlings, not to mention starling anyone walking below, and turn in for the of its buildings to give the birds a. shocking droppings. The birds loved the old federal night. They leave about dawn, fanning out reception when they ca.me home to roost. building and the WHAS antenna tower that for 50 miles or so into the countryside to They finally gave it up. The birds simply then stood on Sixth Street. The feds and the feed, then come home about dusk, just when shifted from one building to another. By station tried all sorts of things to get rid of people wish they were somewhere else. Their 1953, the council had thrown in the towel. them, including the old distressed-starling­ sundown serenade is not real soothing. Star­ "Attempts made to catch starlings in cages cry bit. They caught a starling, recorded its lings have a song like a rusty hinge. They at the roosting place, like other attempts, cry of protest and then broadcast it toward sound as if they're gargling gravel. were unsuccessful," sorrowed the council. the buildings each evening. Nothing much And they don't migrate like other birds. "The cost was about 200 pounds. No further happened. At least most of them don't. Actually, says action is contemplated." Then out of the west there came riding a. Dr. Hilton, there are two "races" of starlings Across the sea, the former colonists were hero, Otto Standke, the mysterious birdman in this country, one of which tends to having their troubles, too. In 1951, St. Louis from Kansas. The city fathers offered him migrate. But most don't, at least not in the businessmen strung nets, 125 feet long and $900 if he would do a Pied Piper on the star~ customary pattern. Maybe they just don't 25 feet wide, on roosts, planning to wait un­ lings, with the proviso that the birds had to like Florida. They usually begin their roosts til the birds landed, then get them. And then leave and stay gone for at least two years. in late fall, and settle in for the winter, gas them. But the birds wouldn't land on Otto calmly surveyed the scene and took the favoring a nice evergreen grove or a down­ the net. Most of those that did got out of it. job. town building with lots of ledges. Toward . Lafayette, Ind., had starlings that year. Standke was a short, jolly, cigar-chomping the end of March, they usually check out of G. C. Oderkirk of Purdue University ca.me man of 71 years. He carried a black metal the city and head for summer camp out in over and set off Roman candles, and sure box that contained, he chuckled, his secret the country. During this breeding and nest­ enough the birds fled. The trouble was that weapon against starlings. He would not say ing season they break up into smaller roosts, it took an awful lot of Roman candles, and what it was. For several nights he prowled and don't seem to bother people too much. they had to be set off just before dawn. the federal-building area, carrying his black In fact, starlings aren't too bad to have Another trouble was that, after resting up, box, and then announced that the birds a.round in summer. While they are nesting the birds came back. would leave and would not be back. He col­ and rearing young they eat only insects, A lot of Indiana towns have had starling­ lected part of his fee and left. So did the with a little early fruit on the side. itis. Evansville custodian Hilton Kerchief in­ birds. When asked what he kept in the box, But come October and the little roosts vented a flapping machine that drove them Otto just smiled and said he kept a dehy­ begin to join other little roosts to form one away from the city buildings; unfortunately, drated blonde in it. "Starlings hate blondes," gigantic roost. This is the type that turns up they settled on the gas works and the rail­ he said. "Heh, heh." on the outskirts of town or on the ledges at road buildings, which didn't set well with That fall, Otto was hired by the city of Mt. City Hall. Or in the trees in your yard. If the gas or railroad people. Evansville then Vernon, N.Y., to rid its downtown of star­ a roost is successfully broken up, it may dis­ tried tin owls and rubber snakes. Fort lings. Again he brought out his black box. appear for three or four months and then Wayne tried poison and guns. But the poi­ He also went around clashing huge alumi­ turn up again, or it may stay gone for a year. son killed good birds, too, and the guns num spatulas which he carried around his Usually, starlings come back to a roost for tended to bag as many window panes as star­ neck. He rang chimes. The birds left and the six or seven years and then, for no apparent lings. Tin owls were tried again at Fort city paid him $4,000. He would not let any­ reason, move on. Maybe the menu got monot­ Wayne, Elk.hart, Richmond, but within a one see inside his black box where, he said, onous. No one knows for sure why they few days the starlings were roosting on the he kept the dehydrated blonde. pick a. particular site, or why they'll go may­ owls. Crawfordsville tried feeding squirrels, Alas. In the fall of 1960, just two years after be 500 miles out into the country for the on the theory that starlings won't stay in Otto had driven them a.way for good, the summer and then come back in the fall. squirrel-ridden trees. But the starlings ate starlings returned to the Louisville federal Strange birds. the squirrel food. building. Some were in favor of sending again These unpredictable habits make it tough The same year, Dr. Lytle Adams, a noted for Otto, but Dr. Monroe doubted that it to wage effective war on starlings, but for conservationist from Irwin, Pa., prescribed would be worth the trouble. But while local the past 50 years people have been trying putting containers of grain, mixed with oil, officials debated what to do about the dirty with increasing energy. They've tried every­ underneath roosts during the nesting sea­ birds, Henry Taylor, federal building cus­ thing. In 1940, Gerald Smith, proprietor of son, hoping that the starlings would pick up todian, came up with a novel means of sho­ an Ohio shoe repair shop, found that small­ the oil and transfer it to the eggs, which oing them away; he stuck his broom out the headed nails, spaced 13/16 of an inch apart, would close the pores of the eggs and pre­ window and shook it at them. "They come kept sparrows off his sign. Fellow townsmen vent hatching. But the starlings didn't take back, though," he admitted. tried this when the starlings arrived. It much to the oily grain. Other birds did, and By 1960, Congress was brought again into didn't work. died. the fight. The House voted an Interior De­ In 1948, William Xanten, superintendent There is evidence that enough sound, over partment budget that included $165,000 for of the Washington, D.C., Department of Sani­ enough time, will drive them away. In Cham­ starling control. Nothing seemed to come of tation, came up with the idea of putting itch­ paign, Ill., a radio station and a. bunch of it. But on Nov. 9, 1962, Pierre Salinger an­ ing power on starling roosting places. The residents got together in October 1954 with nounced that the Kennedy administration starlings seemed to like it. a. four-day campaign in which the station was ready to move with vigor against the In 1949 the State of New York strung cop­ broadcast distress cries of starlings every 15 starling. The destarlingization program, he per wires along the ledges of its State Edu­ minutes, preceded by recorded noises of declared, centered on a recording of-you cation Building, hitched to a device that guns, bombs and various pops and bangs, guessed it--the call of a starling in distress, created static electricity and gave the birds while motorists parked under trees and and it would frighten off the birds that had a mild shock. The system cost $43,500. The sounded their horns. The birds decided the been making a nuisance of themselves on starlings moved next door. But that same place was getting too rowdy and left. One federal buildings. Alas, the New Frontier year, a. woman in Flint, Mich., hung some woman, though, complained that the radio came a cropper. The starlings left the State discarded underwear, rubbed with sulphur, in on her back porch drove their birds away but Department building and moved onto the her trees. The starlings apparently took this attracted a pack of dogs. They howled. They White House grounds. They also clustered as a. sign of a. crummy neighborhood and were worse, she said, than the starlings. around the loudspeaker broadcasting the dis­ left. Starting in November 1954, Evansville tress cry, like kids listening to Ringo Starr. By that year, the starling fuss had gotten waged six campaigns on starlings before giv­ Other governmental programs met with as far as the U.S. Senate, where a bill was ing up. "We hired a firm to put sticky stuff little more success. In England, London au­ introduced aimed at liquidating the flocks of on roosting ledges," reported councilman thorities got an offer from Joseph Fink, a starlings that were messing up federal build­ Henry Fitzgerald, "but we finally had to hire bird-chaser from Illinois, who said he could ings. Sen. Robert A. Taft blocked it by warn­ men to remove it. The birds found it good chase the birds away by tickling their feet. ing that if starlings were done away with, eating." Sound was tried to fray the birds' The London authorities should have taken Japanese beetles would eat farmers out of nerves, but it only frayed the nerves of citi­ him up on the offer. Fink was hired in 1968 house and home. No one liked the idea of zens, who said it was driving them crazy. to keep the inauguration of Richard Nixon angry farmers standing up to here in Japa­ They tried floodlights, fireworks, and finally safe from starlings and did the job so well nese beetles. The bill died. a falcon and an owl. The falcon didn't get he was hired for the next inaugural. Armed But the fight continued. In August 1951 the idea. The starlings adopted the owl and with 2,000 gallons of "roost-no-more," Fink Eddie Boyes, a Detroit radio engineer, set up cuddled around him until he got tired of all sprayed the trees along the route. Critics loudspeakers that emitted a shriek too high the togetherness and left. That cut it. said he only drove the birds into the coun- December 10, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 38995 try for the day, but he shrugged off the "A funny thing about starlings," says Dr. 2) to develop new supplies of oll and alterna­ cynics. What counted was that he got rid Monroe, "ls that they usually leave after tive sources of energy, 3) to safeguard the of them on Inauguration Day. But city five to eight years in a place." Which seems international monetary system, 4) to assist fathers later conceded the birds were still to be the key to getting rid of them. Sweat the poor nations, and 5) to enter into ne­ with them. them out. It is possible to shoo them away gotiations with the oil producing nations. In Philadelphia, a deputy commissioner of for a few days, as Mr. Fink has proved in Only when the ground work is laid by put­ public property announced a plan to feed Washington. But it is a significant fact that ting into effect the first four steps can a con­ the birds a grain soaked in tranquilizer, then most of the "secret methods" for getting rid structive dialogue with the producing na­ pick them up and ship them off to the gas of them are employed in the spring, when tions take place. With its major subject in­ chamber. The starlings didn't get tranquil they're getting ready to leave anyhow. evitably the price of oil. Already some steps enough, though, to be picked up. But as far as actually chasing them away, have been taken toward consumer solidarity France, Germany, Denmark. Starlings says Dr. Hilton, "it can't be done." with an agreement on sharing oil in an emer­ seemed to be causing trouble everywhere. Unless, of course, someone can bring back gency, joint conservation and energy develop­ Raleigh, N.C., tried fireworks and shotguns. Otto Standke and his mysterious black metal ment programs, and steps to achieve the nec­ Radford, Va., tried spraying. Jimmie Soules, box with the dehydrated blonde in it. Or essary financial underpinning. a bird-eradicator from Decatur, Ill., offered maybe just find a dehydrated blonde. The Europeans and Japanese, who are to rid Lexington of its 20,000 pigeons and five much more dependent on Middle East oil million starlings, using a "secret remedy." than the United States, have been cool to the The city fathers were interested. Mr. Soules United States strategy. France rejects the said the secret remedy would cost $26,500. United States strategy of banning together The city fathers said they would think it WORLD OIL AND INTERNATIONAL as consumers and prefers instead to meet over. AGREEMENT with oil producers, consumers, g,nd the de­ Beginning around 1970, Kentucky began to veloping countries to formulate a new oil catch it on all sides. Paducah, Bowling Green, price structure that would secure the reve­ Somerset, Ashland, Hopkinsville, Lexington. HON. LEE H. HAMILTON nues against inflation for producers and in­ Health officials in Allen County complained sure price stability for oil consumers. France that millions of starlings had invaded Scotts­ OF INDIANA criticizes the American proposal because she ville and were threatening the health of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES fears it may bring about a confrontation be­ town. Then things began to get really hairy Tuesday, December 10, 1974 tween oil exporting nations and oil import­ in Christian County. ing nations. Officers at Ft. Campbell, where the birds Mr. HAMILTON. Mr. Speaker, under The oil producing countries also have their roosted, tried thinning the foliage on pine the leave to extend my remarks in the differences, Algeria and Venezuela want to trees, hoping to cut down the roosting space, RECORD, I include my Washington Re­ maintain the highest possible price of oil to but people living nearby complained that help their development. Saudi Arabia is con­ this just drove the birds over to their places. port entitled "World Oil and Interna­ cerned about the effect of high oil prices on Ft. Campbell then resorted to spraying, at tional Agreement": the Western economic system, and the Saudis the request of Hopkinsville and Christian WORLD OIL AND INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENT seem to be interested in the French approach. County authorities. It was not the first time The stability of the Western world is Iran is becoming worried about the impact of the Army had waged aerial war against the threatened by the energy crisis. Most Ameri­ high oil prices on Western economies, and birds. In the summer of 1968, Army authori­ cans probably are not yet willing to acknowl­ they show an interest in tying the price of ties in Germany received a call from local edge the validity of that statement, but the oil to an index of costs for Western goods Wine-grape growers, asking help against economic facts are stark. The oil exporting to assure that the purchasing power of oil swarms that were endangering their vine­ nations have gained control of world oil dollars does not fall. yards. The Army sprayed and k1lled a lot of prices and in the course of one year the price There are some hopeful signs that the birds. Unfortunately, it also got a lot of of oil, the world's most strategic commodity, crisis can be resolved. The oil producing spray on the precious grapes. jumped 400%. As a result, industrial nations states are beginning to realize there are limits Last March, Ft. Campbell tried again, using face a payments deficit of $40 billion, the to which the price of oil can be pushed and a chemical called Tergitol. In theory, Tergi­ largest in history, and the oil producing na­ that the financial and economic problems of tol, a detergent, when sprayed over a roost tions enjoy a $60 billion payments surplus, the West can pull them down, too. The oil from the air, settles like a mist onto the far more than they can spend, and with consuming nations are beginning to recognize birds, removing the oil from their feathers; much more money to come. A fundamental that, in the short term at least, the position when it rains, or when the birds are then shift is taking place in the power relation­ of the oil producing nations is formidable. sprayed with water, they catch pneumonia ships between the world's industrial nations This growing understanding of the dimension or freeze to death. Sad to tell, just as the and the on exporting nations. All this has of the energy crisis and better appreciation of spray fell, the weather turned warm. The come about simply because oil is vital to the position of the parties may be the best starlings got a cold shower, but that was modern industrial economies and no alter­ hope that a mutually agreeable solution can a.bout all. A few dead birds were found be­ natives to it are readily available. be found. neath the roosting trees, but there weren't Secretary of State Kissinger advises us It is vital for the United States and other enough of them to make any real difference. that these mounting economic problems will nations to view the oil crisis, not as a con­ Local officials took some comfort from the only fuel frustrations and expectations and frontation, but with an appreciation of the fact that they found no dead songbirds provide fertile ground for social conflict. He common interest between oil exporters and around. Songbirds, they said, just wouldn't and other policy makers view the energy importers. We both want oil production to hang around with starlings. problems as the greatest crisis in the West continue without disruption and without So Hopkinsville Mayor Atkins and his since World War II. world economic upheavals. These interests troops readied to do battle on their own. These upheavals in the world oil markets can best be advanced through careful, sys­ But just as they were saddling up, the birds pose severe problems for the United States tematic government-to-government discus­ left. and the world. The United States does not sions to reach agreement on the broad range "They just migrated for the summer," want to be vulnerable to cutoffs of supply. of questions relating to oil supply and price. says Mayor Atkins. "But we expect them The massive transfer of funds from oil im­ back in the fall, and when they come, we'll porting nations to vii exporting nations is be ready for them, I hope. We'll use Tergitol. threatening international economic disorder We expect that the Department of Interior and places a severe strain on our relations THE ROCKEFELLER EMPIRE, A wm be advising the whole state on control With Western European countries, Japan, methods, because while we have a bad prob­ and the developing countries, as nations STUDY IN ECONOMIC AND PO­ lem, we aren't the only one. A lot of towns scramble for the available supply of on. LITICAL POWER are going through this. We're going to have After a year of wavering, 1f not flounder­ to find an answer." ing, the United States response to this on HON. JOHN R. RARICK It won't be easy. Ken Garner, with the crisis is beginning to take form. The U.S. Division of Fish and Wildlife in Nashv1lle, response was slow to emerge because of the OF LOUISIANA doubts that Tergitol wm work except under divided views of our principal allies, the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES special circumstances. So does Dr. Monroe. sheer difficulty of understanding the threat, and the crippled Presidential leadership. But Tuesday, December 10, 1974 Dr. Hilton, however, has found a tough top policy makers are devoting increasing way to trap the pests. He puts grain on his Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, the other amounts of energy to the crisis, and a plan body has now confirmed the nomination screened porch, then opens the door. When of action is forming. the starlings come in to eat the grain, he As set forth in a recent Chicago speech by of Nelson Rockefeller as Vice President sneaks out the other door, dashes around Secretary of State Kissinger, the central ele­ of the United States. Judging from the the house and slams the door on them. Not ment of the U.S. response is the cooperation editorial fervor of the Washington Post, a mass killer, of course. But, he points out, of North America, Europe, and Japan, the it would appear that similar overwhelm­ it gets him some experimental birds. And primary oil consuming countries. These na­ ing confirmation will shortly be forth­ it's good exercise, dashing around the house. tions must act together 1) to conserve energy, coming from the House. 38996 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 10, 1974 The one-world syndrome would have chairman of the board of the Chase Manhat­ Through another guaranty plan of the for­ the American people believe that· the tan Bank, and Nelson Rockefeller, the vice eign aid program, the housing guaranty pro­ president-designate. gram, IBEC was involved in the construction Rockefeller confirmation is essential to In a speech to the Council on Foreign Re­ of two housing projects in Peru valued at international peace and stability. Seldom lations in Chicago in April 1967, David $3 million. Under this program, the govern­ revealed to the American people is the Rockefeller, ticking off the accomplishments ment guarantees a builder or mortgage lend­ story that the same one-world instability of foreign aid, observed: er's investment. is in many instances the result of Rocke­ "Not the least of the lessons we have learn­ Development and Resources Corporation, feller family financial interests and ed in 20 years of dispensing foreign aid is a New York and Sacramento-based consult­ manipulations in the world community. the need for relying more extensively on the ing organization, has just completed a $229,- The Chase Manhattan Bank and other private sector-and this is now being done. 000 contract with the State Department to "The Agency for International Develop­ assist the government of Nepal in a manage­ Rockefeller corporations reportedly have ment (the State Department agency which ment improvement and training project. been successful in converting foreign aid administers foreign aid) has set up an Office Development and Resources Corporation is dollars, intended for the needy and poor of Private Resources specifically to help another subsidiary of the International Bas­ of the world, into profits for their over­ United States investors interested in the less ic Economy Corporation and its president is seas corporations. In fact, the report from developed countries. David E. Lilienthal, former chairman of the the Philadelphia Inquirer of Novem­ "It has also worked out a variety of in­ Tennessee Valley Authority and the Atomic ber 24, 1974, would conclude that the struments designed to encourage and sup­ Energy Commission. U.S. foreign aid program is but a clever port increased private investment." Dr. J. George Harris, retired president of Indeed it has. So much so that if you look the Rockefeller Foundation and Rodman c. device to siphon taxpayers' dollars into at the foreign aid program in just about any Rockefeller both serve on the board of di­ the Rockefeller combine, all in the guise part of the world, you will find a connection rectors of Development and Resources. of aiding humanity. with a Rockefeller financial interest. For CONTRACT AWARD Even the Washington Post, on the example: The Chase International Investment Corp. In April 1970, about a year before Devel­ same date, confirmed that the Rockefel­ opment and Resources became affiliated with ler-controlled Chase Manhattan Bank is a subsidiary of the Chase Manhattan Rockefeller's International Basic Economy was financing $86.4 million of the Kama Bank, of which David Rockefeller is chair­ Corp., the company was awarded a $2.5 mil­ River truck factory in the Soviet Union. man of the board and the Rockefeller family lion contract by the State Department. is a substantial stockholder. The terms of the contract provided that Perhaps it could be said that Vice-Presi­ Chase International has used the foreign dent-designate Nelson Rockefeller will the company was to assist the government aid program to insure investments in a of South Vietnam in a planning effort di­ place his enormous holdings in a blind poultry farm and synthetic fiber plant in rected toward reconstruction and develop­ trust, but would this prevent his continu­ Costa Rica, gaming lodges in Kenya, an ment of Vietnam. ing to serve as an agent of his brother agricultural production and marketing op­ Through another part of the foreign-aid David Rockefeller and the Chase Man­ eration in Iran, and a ceramic tile and bath program, the Agriculture Trade Development hattan Bank and the multitude of other accessory plant in South Korea. and Assistance Act, the Chase Manhattan These projects are insured by the Overseas Bank was authorized in September 1970 to family-controlled companies as well as Private Investment Corp. (OPIC), a wholly those within the sphere of the family's !Jorrow about $2.2 million in South Korean owned government corporation whose op­ currency. influence around the world? erations are supervised by the State Depart­ Treasury Department records show the Perhaps revealing of what the Ameri­ ment. purpose of the loan was to ptomote busines;. can people can expect was the Sunday INSURANCE, TOO development and as of Dec. 31, 1972, thle Award by the National Conference of OPIC acts as an insurance company, guar­ latest period for which figures are available, Christians and Jews to David Rockefel­ anteeing loans and insuring private invest­ about $1.6 million of the loan then was out­ ler for his "courageous leadership in gov­ ments in foreign countries against expro­ standing. ernmental, civic, and humanitarian af­ priation, inconvertibility of local currency, Through yet another foreign aid guaranty fairs." From the news reports of the and war, revolution or insurrection. The plan called the Private Export Funding Cor­ agency also makes direct loans to spur de­ poration (PEFCO), Chase Manhattan Bank in award presentation, it was unclear velopment in less developed countries. 1971 and 1972 arranged two loans totaling whether the object of the award was for While businesses pay a premium for the $13.1 million for a nuclear power plant proj­ gouging U.S. taxpayers through foreign insurance, the OPIC program carries the ect in Italy. aid programs or for assisting the Soviets' backing of the United States government. ORGANIZED IN 1970 war machine by advancing the Kama This means that if losses should exceed the PEFCO was organized in 1970 to supple­ River machine factory for their tanks corporation's reserves, the American taxpay­ ment the lending operations of the United and truck potential. er will pick up the bill. States Export-Import Bank (Exim Bank). In addition, OPIC offers private corpora­ The Exim Bank has provided a revolving Power, it is said, corrupts; absolute tions a more subtle, indirect benefit-the Power corrupts absolutely. line of credit for PEFCO, and all its loans weight and leverage of the United States are fully guaranteed by the government. I ask that related news clippings fol­ government in a company's day-to-day busi­ While none of these guaranty plans under low my remarks: ness dealings in less developed countries. the foreign aid program involve direct ex­ [From the Philadelphia Inquirer, The Chase Manhattan Bank has used penditures of American tax money, at least Nov. 24, 1974] OPIC to protect its banking or lending op­ at present, there is both a hidden cost to the UNITED STATES PROTECTS ROCKEFELLER erations in the Dominican Republic, South taxpayer and a potential liab1lity for the INVESTMENTS Vietnam, South Korea, India, Guyana and future. Brazil. If losses under the plans should exceed the Each year, when State Department of­ The bank has collected $345,000 in con­ ficials trudge up to Capitol Hill in Washing­ reserves set aside-all claims filed, but not nection with losses suffered by its businesses settled, have been running ahead of reserves ton to justify proposed foreign aid spendi~gs in the Dominican Republic and South Viet­ -then the taxpayer is liable. before congressional committees, they carry nam. with them the support of a diverse and pre­ In addition, critics of the guaranty plans Arbor Acres Farm, Inc., a poultry breed­ argue that they unnecessarily involve the stigious lobby. ing and supplying firm, has used OPIC to Tra111ng along behind the State Depart­ United States government in what should insure poultry farms in Thailand, the Re­ be private business dealings by private cor­ ment men are professors from the nation's public of China, Pakistan and the Philip­ porations. leading universities, officials of the country's pines. As for hidden costs, a University of Michi­ large multi-national corporations, labor BASED IN NEW YORK union representatives, bank presidents and gan economics professor told a House For­ spokesmen for charitable foundations. Arbor Acres is a division of the Interna­ eign Affairs subcommittee last year: All of these people, who either testify be­ tional Basic Economy Corp. (IBEC), a New GOES TO PUBLIC fore Congress in support of foreign aid ex­ York-based development company. Rodman "To the extent that OPIC is supported by penditures or travel around the country de­ C. Rockefeller, a son of Nelson Rockefeller, is the $75,000-a-year president of the company. present or possible future congressional ap­ livering speeches on behalf of the foreign propriations-which might well be necessary aid program, have one thing in common: Nelson Rockefeller, Rodman C. Rockefel­ ler and Steven C. Rockefeller, another son, to pay claim settlements in excess of avail­ A VESTED INTEREST together own directly or as trustees about able reserves-part of the political risk or They have a vested interest in the United 37 percent of the stock in IBEC. the cost of insurance that would otherwise States' $172 billion foreign aid program and According to an annual report of the com­ have to be borne by private investors is they, or the organizations they represent, pany, "IBEC was founded in 1947 in the con­ transferred to the United States taxpaying are benefiting financially, either directly or viction that the American system of private public. indirectly, from that program. enterprise, working within the framework "This transfer of private business costs Two especially interested supporters are of the profit motive, had a key role to play amounts to a p:ublic subsidy of the particu­ the Rockefeller brothers, David Rockefeller, in the developing countries." lar subgroup of United States businesses December 10, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 38997 that have invested or intend to invest in parently realized when work began nearly A certain amount Olf tolerance on both sides the poor countries. five years ago. At the start, the vision was is necessary." "All that OPIC can do is transfer some of simple and appealing: a joining of Soviet THE LINKS TO DETENTE the costs of the risk from private investors needs and manpower with foreign skills. But There is no doubt that the climate for to the public, thereby increaring the profita­ trouble soon came. The Soviets and their trade has improved significantly since the bility of the foreign investment for the pri­ Western clients disagreed about design, and deliveries were late. The Soviets themselves Soviets began thinking about KamAZ in vate investor, but not for the United States the late 1960s. as a whole." acknowledged management inadequacies and The Soviets first approached Henry Ford Supporters of the guaranty plans of course, low productivity. II about the possibility of taking over as argue that they are necessary to spur eco­ The first truck was to have been manufac­ general contractor for the proposed plant. nomic expansion in the developing countries. tured about now, but that timetable has long Ford, whose father built a big truck factory FIRMLY WEDDED since been abandoned. Even the 1976 dead­ line may prove too optimistic. Only one of for the Soviets at Gorki in the 1920s was For his part, Secretary of State Henry A. the six basic installations at the site has intrigued, and in the spring of 1970, Ford Kissinger, who served as a foreign affairs ad­ been completed and that, a repair and tool­ announced that it would be contractor for viser to Nelson Rockefeller before joining the KamAZ. Nixon administration in 1969-and who was ing shop, is the smallest. The announcement stirred an angry reac­ one of the recipients of a Rockefeller finan­ The onset of winter makes work more dif­ tion .from then-Secretary of Defense Melvin cial gift ($50,000)-remains firmly wedded ficult in this vast, black-soiled plain, 550 Laird who objected to the possibility that to the OPIC concept. miles east of Moscow. This year there are ad­ Soviet trucks built at a plant equipped by When there were unsuccessful attempts in ditional problems because equipment has the United States might eventually be used Congress earlier this year to kill the OPIC been delivered and may be damaged if build­ by the North Vietnamese. Ford withdrew. plan, Kissinger came to the agency's defense, ings and heating systems are not in place A year later, Mack Trucks signed a letter saying that "it would not be in the national by the end of the month. of intent to handle the project, but it was interest to terminate OPIC programs at this The delays may prove costly to the Soviets, unabi.e to get export permission from the time." and they have already been embarrassing. U.S. government. By the time relations be­ Kissinger maintained that planned private Western visitors to KamAZ, mostly gov­ tween Washington and Moscow began to American investments in less developed ernment officials and politicians like Sen. improve, the Soviets had decided to be their countries "might not go forward in the ab­ Walter Mondale (D-Minn.), who was recently own general contractor. sence of OPIC programs, which provide the here, get a tightly controlled tour and a cau­ Some European companies had been ap­ kinds of insurance and financing that can­ tiously upbeat appraisal of the situation proached also, but declined because of the not be undertaken by private insurance and from Lev Borisovich Vasilyev, deputy min­ difficulties encountered by Fiat, the Italian credit markets." ister of the automobile industry, who is firm which built a passenger car factory for KamAZ 's director. the Soviets not far from here at Togliatti. [From the Washington Post, Nov. 24, 1974] Representatives of the contracting firms The Soviets established purchasing complain that they cannot get access to the THE SOVIETS AT KAMA RIVER-BIG commissions in Ne~· York and Paris and be­ site for the detailed inspections they need to gan spending the $1 billion earmarked for COMPLEX, BIG PROBLEMS make for installation of machinery. Even th& (By Peter Osnos) foreign technology and machinery. The de­ U.S. embassy was twice refused permission cision to buy abroad was made at the highest NABEREZHYNE CH'ELNY, U.S.S.R.-Using to send diplomats to KamAZ in the first four levels and was incorporated lr. the direc­ more than $1 billion worth of Western tech­ months of this year. Since then two short tives of the 24th Congress of the Communist nology and equipment, the Soviet Union is and largely ceremonial visits have been Party in 197 ..... building the world's laregst heavy-duty auto­ allowed. From the outset KamAZ wa-s meant to be motive works on the snow-covered Russian Plans call for as many as 1,000 Western an instrument of the Kremlin's changing steppes. engineers and specialists to live at KamAZ foreign policy. For the first time since the By any measure, the project is immense. !or months at a time. Few, if any, have early 1930s, the Soviets starced purcha"ing About 130,000 people are here working on 150 arrived. technology they would not-or could not­ buildings spread across a site that is 40 miles TOLERANCE ON BOTH SIDES supply themselves. The success of the KamAZ square. A completely new city has been While keeping outsiders at a distance, the project is bound up with the prospects of erected, and its population grows by thou­ Soviets make no secret of their own concern detente as a whole. sands every month. over the problems. Long articles in the in­ Not surprisingly, propaganda about Kam AZ Some time in 1976, it is hoped, the first dustrial press cite specific shortcomings in is considerable. The Soviet Union's leading truck will come off the assembly line. At full construction and productivity. One recent literary magazine, Novy Mir, published 16 capacity the plant will turn out 150,000 article told of an incident in which equip­ essays on KamAZ since construction started. trucks and 250,000 diesel engines a year. In ment opera tors were idle for 24 shifts in a They are being collected in a soon-to-be-pub­ other words, in this single project the Soviet row because no one had given them orders. lished book called "The Literar~ Chronicles" Union will add about 25 percent to its cur­ The soviets blame some of their difficul­ ofKamAZ. rent annual production of heavy transport­ ties on the Western contractors. Deliveries KamAZ ls also invariably listed among the a major boost to the economy. have been as much as six months late, they great achievements of Soviet labor. "Our The Soviets call the project KamAZ. after say, and some foreigners on the technical fathers built Magnitka, "goes a shndard the Russian words for Kama River Automo­ staffs fail to understand the Soviet approach. slogan at the site. "and we are building tive Factory, and the name has become "We have tried a very unusual type of con­ KamAZ." Magnitka was one of the Soviet symonymous here with grand-some would struction at KamAZ," Vasilyev says. "We Union's first major iron and steel plants, say grandiose-planning in the modern age. are building and designing at the same time. built in 1929 with the assistance of American Perhaps more important, KamAZ is the most Changes in one link require changes all technical experts. elaborate example to date of post-Cold War along the line. Even some of your great With so much at stake, there is, of course, cooperation between the Kremlin and West­ American firms seem to have difficulty with no question that KamAZ will eventually be ern industry. this method." completed and will produce all or most of the "KamAZ-The Billion Dollar Beginning," Privately, Americans say that the princi­ trucks 1t is supposed to. But the Soviets are is how the Chase Manhattan Bank titled a pal difficulty is that KamAZ ts just too big. particularly eager to turn out at least a sym­ thick book it prepared this year for prospec­ "The massive scale," one U.S. businessman bolic first truck by the time of the next party tive Western contractors. The bank is financ­ says, "naturally makes for waste and ineffi­ congress in April 1976. To do that, it may be ing $86.4 million of the plant, a substantial ciency. But they are in such a terrible hurry necessary to supplement the already huge investment in the prospects for expanded to catch up." labor force with Red Army troops, as was trade with the Soviets. In some instances, the Soviets have shown done at Togliatti. DEAL WITH RENAULT an awareness of the pitfalls of such a The U.S. participation, valued at around massive effort. They have surprised their con­ (From the New York Times, Dec. 9, 1974] $400 million, includes contracts with 65 com­ tractors, for example, by a readiness to ac­ DAVID ROCKEFELLER CITES PERIL '1'0 i:anies. But the biggest single deal was commodate supply shortages faced by West­ UNITED STATES signed with Renault of France, which is get­ ern companies. Soviet contracts contain a (By Robert Hanley) penalty charge of 6 per cent for late ship­ ting $250 million to design the engineering David Rockefeller, the chairman of the unit and provide equipment. Other West Eu­ ments. The Carborundum Co. of the United Chase Manhattan Bank, called last night ropean and Japanese firms also are involved. States was struck for three months last for a broader spirit of international coopera­ In all, KamAZ will cost about $5.4 billion, not spring and missed its deadlines, but the So­ tion and sacrifice "to prevent general human tncluding Soviet expenses for the city of 200,­ viets waived the penalty. There have been tragedy and global economic disaster." JOO, complete with schools, health facilities other similar cases. f In a speech before the National Conference and a rail line to ferry workers to their jobs. Considering the still tentative state of of Christians and Jews that was laced with The scale of the construction and the com­ Soviet trade with the West, such forbearance warnings about dwindling supplies of nat­ plexity of doing business with so many for­ is important. "This process of doing busi­ ural resources, mass starvation and "crush­ eign interests have made KamAZ even .more ness with each other," one American said in ing financial burdens being placed on many o1 a challenge to the Soviets than they ap- Moscow recently, "is not going to be easy. nations," Mr. Rockefeller seemed to direct '38998 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 10, 1974 his appeal for international interdependence keting and Consumer Relations has con­ amine, inquire, and interrogate the wit­ at oil-prORussia in July of 1972. the price paid by most recipients of food opment, improves standards of living; and Our committee is now inquiring of wit­ stamps. The proposed amendment to that population control (which he said was nesses the cause of current consumer Notice FSP No. 1975-1.1, scheduled to "vital") is a "form of genocide." costs of sugar. The cross pollinization of Before his dinner speech that opened the take effect on March 1, 1975, would elimi­ two-day meeting of the conference's trustees personnel for financial fertilization or nate the current system of a sliding scale at the New York Hilton Hotel, Mr. Rockefeller otherwise has again been exposed. I do oI income percentages to be paid by food received the human relation group's Charles not suggest that the employment of per­ stamp buyers and instead would require Evans Hughes gold medallion, an award sonnel from the private sector of highly that all recipients of food stamps pur­ named after the late Chief Justice. It cites competent men of knowledge of the fi­ chase them at a cost of 30 percent of the recipient's "courageous leadership in gov­ nancial affairs of a specific commodity, their net monthly income. Thus this ernmental, civic and humanitarian affairs." such as sugar, by the U.S. Government amendment effectively raises the price is illegal or unlawful. of food stamps to the maximum level I do believe the combination of events permitted by law. produced by the judgment of those men While the amendment purports to FINANCIAL FERTILIZATION IN tends to destroy the confidence of our render the method of distributing food CROSS POLLINATION OF PRIVATE people in our Government, in our mar­ stamps "more equitable," it actually AND PUBLIC SERVICE PERSONNEL keting systems, and endangers the future threatens to place an intolerable burden of our country. on the elderly and the poor. The Wash­ Mr. Speaker, this Congress cannot ington Post, in an article published on HON. FRANK E. DENHOLM legislate "good faith" to men void of con­ December 4 and a subsequent editorial OF SOUTH DAKOTA science in the public interest and neither which appeared in the December 8 issue, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES can the courts of this land litigate lar- offered an ominous prediction of the im­ Tuesday, December 10, 1974 cency from the hearts of men. However, pact of the new regulation upon the we can ill afford to permit the unfair en- needy citizens which the program was Mr. DENHOLM. Mr. Speaker, why is richment of some at the expense of all. originally designed to serve. The two the retail price of sugar so high? Why is Sugar and wheat are but specific ex­ articles point out that the effects of the the retail price of meat so high? Why is amples of what is likely general practice price change will be felt most powerfully the cost of living constantly on the in- without limitation to partisan politics in by those who can least afford to pay the crease? All and more are questions with- the pollinization of personnel engaged in additional amounts. They then proceed out acceptable answers to the people of the interchange of private and public em­ to show that many present recipients will America. ployment for financial fertilization of be forced to abandon participation in the I am completing a 4-year assignment program because of the higher costs. Cer­ on the House Committee on Agriculture. self-serving interests of this Government tainly, in this time of spiralling inflation, As a member of the full committee I and contrary to the best interest of the the proper targets for Government have had an opportunity to be a member governed. It is my judgment that the peo­ spending cutbacks are not poor people of several subcommittees, including the ple do not like it. I do not like it and I trying to buy food. Subcommittees on Domestic Marketing think we can do better-certainly to do Several of us in the House who are and Consumer Relations-one of the nothing is unacceptable. concerned about this matter are urging most potentially productive committees . The President, as the Chief of State, the Agriculture Committee to conduct of the Congress in the interest of con- employs millions of people. He can be held hearings at once to determine the prob­ sumers and producers alike. responsible for many wrongs. However, able impact of the amendment on food The Subcommittee on Domestic Mar- it is the committees of Congress that ex- stamp program participants. Hopefully December' 1 O, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 38999 the results of such an investigation can The loss in food stamp value would be 1970 and about $1.3 billion on such care be made available before the comment most sharply felt among the aged couples under Medicaid. In contrast, we see the still and persons living alone. Nearly a fourth miniscule provision for programs (such as period on the proposed regulation ex­ of all food stamp beneficiaries are in one food) that might help patients remain at pires at the end of this month, so that and two-person households. home." interested House Members will be able The effect would be relatively less severe That is the point Mr. Ford and his budget­ to fashion enlightened responses in time. among families with children. The typical cutting advisers miss. At its very heart, a Through its coverage, the Washington family with two children already pays in the policy of reducing food for the elderly is Post has taken an excellent first step in neighborhood of 26 or 27 per cent of its first and foremost false economy. alerting the public to this important and income for food stamps, according to Agri­ When Congress passed the food stamp pro­ pressing issue. Now the Congress must culture Department officials. gram, it did so in the recognition that mil­ The Community Nutrition Institute, a lions of Americans were starving for lack of take the initiative in investigating the major advocate of the program, said that at money to purchase simple necessities. Con­ potential repercussions of this proposed least 10 per cent of the 15 million current gress said the program was urgently needed, Executive reduction of the food stamp beneficiaries would drop out "because they and that is still true. In fact, Community program. will be unable to afford the higher prices Nutrition Institute, a private Washington The article follows: after paying rent, heat, and other bills." group that pays close attention to the prob­ FOOD AID CUT WOULD HURT ELDERLY POOR The President proposes to raise the pur­ lems of hunger, estimates that as many as chase price by executive action, which does 7 million persons in the United States qualify (By William Chapman) not require approval of Congress. for food stamps by the standards of the act. The elderly poor would bear the brunt of However, McGovern said yesterday that Yet, less than half that number receive the President Ford's $325 million cutback in fed­ he would introduce legislation in the next stamps. We would like to see Congress and eral food stamps, an analysis by Agriculture Congress to prevent the President from the administration move ahead with an ade­ Department officials showed yesterday. making the change. quate income supplement program that The cost of buying food stamps would go His objections were echoed by Sen. Hu­ would eventually obviate the need for special up most sharply for single recipients and bert H. Humphrey ( D-Minn.) , who said the food programs. Until that day arrives, the couples, at least half of whom are 60 or typical elderly single person in his state Agriculture Department should do the job older. living on $178 of supplemental security in­ of meeting the needs of the hungry properly. Critics contended yesterday that many come would have to pay $45 to obtain $46 There is every evidence that this is far from poor families would have to abandon the worth of stamps. the case-and the difficulties of the elderly program. are only part of the story. As details of the President's proposed re­ HUNGER AND THE ELDERLY The program is aiding less than half of duction became known, congressional op­ those who clearly need it and for whom ponents yesterday accused him of slighting One of the constant complaints of the Congress intended it. Those who are in the the poor in his anti-inflation plan and elderly is that their juniors who make public program establish their eligibility through promised to fight it in the next Congress. policy often disregard the elementary truth an arduous process that takes a great deal Mr. Ford's proposal "hits hardest those that one day they, too, will reach December. of time and effort that is unnecessary in the least capable of coping with inflation-the President Ford's recent announcement that first instance and that sometimes makes it elderly and the poorest of the poor," said he will toss more than a million of the elderly impossible for some to apply. Not all the Sen. George McGovern (D-S.D.). off the federal food stamp program is only fault rests with the federal government. The The President said last week that, as part the latest example of how short-sighted states and counties administer this program of his plan to cut current spending by $4.6 policy-makers can become when deciding the with federal assistance. To say the least, the billion, he would issue an executive order fate of older people. It is an interesting case quality of their performance varies widely reducing the food stamp program by $325 study, and it reflects badly on Mr. Ford's rec­ from fairly good to very good. At bottom, million in this fiscal year. ognition of the problems of the poor in the Department of Agriculture has proved The key element in his proposal to in­ general, but especially the elderly poor­ itself a reluctant warrior on hunger in the crease the proportion of net income a recipi­ often called the poorest of the poor. United States. By cutting the program even ent would have to pay for food stamps. The President has decided to save $65 mil­ more, President Ford has helped to guaran­ lion a year by raising the cost of food stamps tee that a mediocre performance will deter­ At his news conference Monday night, Mr. for most of those who now receive them. Ford said that "certain individuals" would iorate even further. The President's thinking Those cuts fall heaviest on single persons on this subject, we believe, is going in the be required to pay "slightly more" for food earning between $172 and $194 a month. stamps. wrong direction. He should be strengthening This group has been eliminated from the what he has just weakened. He should be The average recipient now puts up 23 per food stamp program. Of those who fall in cent of his disposable income to buy food leading the way out of the problem. Instead, that income category, half are estimated to he has chosen to make it worse. stamps. Mr. Ford proposes to raise that to be over 65. Nearly two million elderly could 30 per cent for all recipients, the highest be affected. The purpose of this action by permitted under current law. The Agricul­ the President is to save money as part of ture Department estimated that three­ the administration's effort to cut $4.6 billion fourths of the recipients would feel some from the federal budget. It is not the sole HON. H. R. GROSS impact from the change, although for many assault on the elderly poor. The President of them the added cost would be small. also has announced his desire to cut deeply His executive order would cover the last into the federal Medicare program and into four months of this fiscal year, and during the payment of Social Security benefits. HON. ROMANO L. MAZZOLI that period food stamp users would pay $215 Even though the President has said in the OP KENTUCKY million more than under existing law. Over past that his attempt to curb inflation IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the course of a full fiscal year, it would would not unduly burden the poor, the food mean paying $645 million more for food stamp reductions amount to more than 10 Monday, December 9, 1974 stamps. per cent of the four and a half b1111on the Mr. MAZZOLI. Mr. Speaker, our friend Food stamps are sold to eligible poor fami­ administration is trying to pare from the lies who may convert them into food pur­ federal budget. Given the many other op­ and colleague, H. R. GRoss, is reknown chases worth more than they paid for the tions, that is disproportionate-and drastic­ for his sense of humor as well as his stamps. About 15 million Americans benefit in our view. economy of words. from them each month. The President's action is short-sighted for His probes for the waste and fat in the The effect of raising the purchase require­ other reasons. That it ls humanitarian and Federal budget are all the more effective ments is illustrated by the case of a single decent for a society to feed those who cannot because of these traits. person receiving an income of $150 a month. feed themselves goes without saying, or at So, in this same spirit let me weigh in At present, that person could receive food least so we thought. Beyond that, the rela­ tionshlp between nutrition and health, es­ with my own remarks on the occasion of stamps worth $46 at the supermarket by H. R.'s imminent retirement from the paying $33, or 22 per cent of his income. The pecially where the elderly are concerned, is proposed new regulation would require him clearly established. The cost saved in food House: is bound to return to some extent in addi· H. R.: Even when I did not agree with to pay 30 per cent of his income, or $45, for tional costs at the city hospitals and clinics. stamps worth the same $46 in food. you, your statements of outrage and of In his forthcominging book, "Why Survive? disbelief, of shock and of righteous indig­ For an elderly couple receiving $200 a Being Old in America," Dr. Robert N. Butler, month in income, the effect would be a one­ a Washington gerontologist, summarizes this nation-about how Uncle Sugar is being third reduction in the value of their food paradox neatly: taken to the cleaners again-always stamps. Instead of paying $50 for $82 "It is instructive to note that the federal made me smile and feel better. worth of food stamps, they would have to government spent approximately $180 million You served your country well. I will pay $60. for nursing home care under Medicare in miss you. All of us will miss you.