BAB 1 Pendahuluan 1.1 Latar Belakang K-Pop Singkatan Dari

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BAB 1 Pendahuluan 1.1 Latar Belakang K-Pop Singkatan Dari BAB 1 Pendahuluan 1.1 Latar Belakang K-Pop singkatan dari Korean Pop adalah sebuah genre musik terdiri dari pop, dance, electropop, hip hop, rock, R&B dan electronic music yang berasal dari Korea Selatan. Banyak orang menyebut serbuan K-Pop sebagai hallyu (한류) atau gelombang Korea (Korean Wave)1. Korean Wave sendiri tidak dibatasi hanya dari Korean Pop (K-Pop) saja, tetapi juga termasuk film dan drama serial Korea Selatan yang kini telah menginvasi hampir seluruh pelosok dunia, termasuk Indonesia. Meskipun menggunakan Bahasa Korea, hal itu tidak menjadi penghalang utama untuk menarik perhatian publik dunia. Data google trends pada Maret 2018 menunjukkan lima negara dengan penyebaran K-Wave paling intensif yakni Taiwan, Vietnam, Jepang, China, Hongkong dan Indonesia. Sementara itu, pengaruh K-Wave juga terlihat semakin meningkat di Amerika Serikat, Turki, Uni Emirat Arab, Kazakhstan dan India. Bahkan pengaruh K-Wave juga mulai dikenal di negara-negara seperti Prancis, Inggris, Rusia,Uzbekistan dan Brasil. 2 Popularitas K-Wave utamanya K-Pop (Korean Pop) semakin meningkat setiap tahunnya. Di Indonesia sendiri misalnya semakin tahun jumlah konser, festival maupun acara lain seperti fanmeeting, fansign artis dari Negeri Ginseng tersebut semakin meningkat. Tahun 2019 baru 1 Andansari, Yuniar.Perilaku Komunikasi Dunia Maya K-Popers Surabaya. 2015 (skripsi) 2 https://kumparan.com/noviyanti-nurmala1519197736585/menyingkap-sejarah-dan-rahasia-sukses-korean- wave diakses pada 12 April 2019 1 memasuki kuarter ketiganya, tetapi sudah banyak list konser dan acara artis Korea Selatan yang sudah dan akan digelar Tahun 2019. Tabel 1.1 Daftar Konser, fanmeeting dan Tour Artis Korea Selatan Artis / Grup Tipe Region Waktu Blackpink World Tour -Tujuh negara Asia Mulai -Enam negara Eropa Januari -Enam negara Amerika 2019 Utara -Dua kota di Australia MXM United State of Empat negara di Mulai America Tour Amerika Serikat Januari 2019 Winner North America Tujuh negara bagian di Mulai Tour Amerika Utara Januari 2019 Oh My Girl United State of Beberapa negara bagian Mulai America Tour di Amerika Serikat Januari 2019 Stray Kidz World Tour Empat negara di Asia Mulai dan beberapa negara di Januari Amerika Serikat 2019 Park Bo Gum Asia Fanmeeting Enam negara di Asia Mulai Januari 2019 The Boyz Asia Tour Tujuh negara di Asia Mulai Januari 2019 Red Velvet United State of Beberapa negara di Mulai America Tour Amerika Serikat Februari 2019 KNK United State of Beberapa negara di Mulai America Tour Amerika Serikat Februari 2019 Mamamoo Asia Fanmeeting Indonesia, Thailand dan Mulai Singapura Februari 2019 2 So Ji Sub Asia Fanmeeting Enam negara di Asia Mulai Maret 2019 Tiffany North America Beberapa negara bagian Mulai Young Mini Showcase di Amerika Utara Maret 2019 Tour ATEEZ United State of Lima negara bagian di Mulai America Tour Amerika Serikat Maret 2019 Sunmi United State of Delapan negara bagian Mulai America Tour di Amerika Serikat Maret 2019 Astro United State of Empat negara bagian di Mulai America Tour Amerika Serikat Maret 2019 Dreamcatcher Asia Tour Empat negara di Asia Mulai dan beberapa kota di Maret 2019 Jepang PENTAGON World Tour -Enam negara Asia Mulai April -Beberapa negara 2019 bagian Amerika Serikat -Beberapa negara di Eropa Epik High North America 16 kota di beberapa Mulai April Tour negara bagian 2019 SF9 USA dan Europe Beberapa negara Mulai April Tour 2019 JUS2 Asia Premiere Enam negara di Asia Mulai April Showcase 2019 VAV North America Empat negara bagian Mulai Mei Tour 2019 Twice World Tour Lima negara Asia dan Mulai Mei beberapa negara bagian 2019 di Amerika Serikat M.O.N.T North America Lima negara bagian Mulai Mei Tour 2019 G-FRIEND Asia Tour Delapan negara di Asia Mulai Mei 2019 Monsta X World Tour -Empat negara Asia Mulai Juli -Spanyol 2019 -Beberapa negara 3 bagian di United Kingdom -Beberapa negara bagian di Amerika Serikat -Beberapa negara di Eropa (source : dirangkum oleh peneliti dari berbagai sumber) Daftar tersebut belum termasuk beberapa musik festival seperti KCON dan acara-acara lain seperti joint concert, special event, music award dan sebagainya. Tentunya daftar tersebut akan semakin bertambah seiring dengan berjalannya waktu. Hal ini menunjukkan popularitas K-Wave semakin tahun tidak semakin padam, namun justru semakin meningkat. Dilihat dari daftar negara yang dikunjungi oleh artis Korea Selatan (mulai dari Asia, Australia, United State of America, United Kingdom bahkan Eropa) menunjukkan bahwa invansi K-Pop memang sudah mendunia dan tidak hanya sebatas di negara-negara Asia saja. Konser, fanmeeting dan sebagainya tidak akan terjadi jika tidak ada permintaan. Seperti yang diungkapkan oleh Adrie Subono, promotor Java Musikindo, bahwa sebelum memilih artis yang akan didatangkan sangat penting untuk melakukan survei terlebih dahulu. Apakah artis tersebut sedang ramai di kalangan masyarakat? Bagaimana tingkat pembelian albumnya? Apakah lagunya sedang hit? Menurutnya bila sekali promotor mendatangkan artis yang salah atau tidak disukai masyarakat, kemungkinan besar promotor akan merugi. 3 Kepopuleran Hallyu atau Korean wave (K-Wave) tidak lepas dari peran pemerintah Korea Selatan yang memberikan dukungan penuh 3www.kontan.co.id/news/promotor-artis-kriteria-artis-yang-didatangkan-harus-jelas-supaya-tidak-merugi diakses pada 22 April 2019 4 terhadap dunia industri kreatif di Korea. Tren K-Wave bukanlah suatu kebetulan. K-Wave adalah hasil kolaborasi sistematis antara pemerintah dengan pihak swasta dalam pengembangan industri kreatif. Pengembangan industri kreatif tersebut dipicu saat terjadi krisis finansial atau moneter Asia yang terjadi pada Tahun 1997.4 Pemerintah Korea berhasil secara efektif menerapkan teori pertumbuhan makro ekonomi dalam mendukung perkembangan K-Pop.5 Seni dan budaya digunakan sebagai komoditas ekspor yang dikembangkan menjadi soft power pemerintah Korea Selatan. Pemerintah Korea Selatan mengalokasikan jutaan dolar untuk membentuk lembaga yang khusus bertanggung jawab dalam kontinuitas persebaran Hallyu. Lembaga tersebut adalah Kementerian Budaya, Olahraga dan Pariwisata Korea Selatan. Lembaga tersebut terdiri dari sebagai berikut.6 KOCCA atau Korea Creative Content Agency merupakan agen bagian kemajuan konten kreatif Korea Selatan, baik di Korea Selatan maupun di luar negeri. Wilayah kerja KOCCA mencakup berbagai industri kreatif Korea Selatan, seperti permainan, animasi, perizinan dan hak kekayaan intelektual, musik, gaya fashion, dan bidang penyiaran. KOCCA adalah wadah inkubator bagi industri kreatif Korea Selatan yang terdiri dari tiga organisasi; Content Korea Lab (wadah bagi warga Korea Selatan untuk memulai bisnis), Cel Academy (pusat pelatihan penciptaan konten), dan Cel Venture Complex (spesifik untuk menginkubasi startup dan/atau industri digital lainnya). 4https://kumparan.com/noviyanti-nurmala1519197736585/menyingkap-sejarah-dan-rahasia-sukses-korean- wave diakses pada 12 April 2019 5 https://voxpop.id/k-popnomics-bagaimana-kita-bisa-belajar-dari-industri-musik-korea/ diakses pada 11 April 2019 6 https://www.era.id/read/y6UpQV-peran-pemerintah-korea-terhadap-k-pop diakses pada 11 April 2019 5 KOFICE, Korea Foundation for International Cutural Exchange, adalah agen untuk misi pertukaran budaya dan program akademik. Misi yang dibawa adalah memperkenalkan kebudayaan Korea Selatan, khususnya Hallyu, contohnya dengan membuka kursus Bahasa Korea Selatan di luar negeri atau pusat pengembangan Bahasa Korea Selatan, dans sebagainya. KTO, Korean Tourism Organization, adalah agen untuk pengembangan pendapatan negara dalam hal budaya dan pariwisata seperti melalui drama, game hingga musik. Kini Hallyu memegang peranan yang cukup penting terhadap datangnya turis-turis ke Korea Selatan. Datangnya turis-turis tersebut diharapkan dapat memetakan potensi-potensi wisata Negeri Ginseng sekaligus membentuk stigma menarik terhadap atraksi wisata tersebut. 6 Gambar 1.1 Taktik Jualan Hallyu (K-Pop) Ala Korsel (source : era.id, diakses pada 22 April 2019) Memasuki tahun 2009 K-Pop mulai digemari dan diminati di mancanegara sehingga K-Pop mulai disatukan dengan industri lain (seperti pariwisata, elektronik, kuliner dan sebagainya) dimana artis K-Pop menjadi brand ambassador. Contohnya lagu promosi pemerintah Korea yang berjudul S.E.O.U.L atau dikenal sebagai ‘Seoul Song’ yang dipopulerkan oleh girlband populer SNSD dan boyband populer Super Junior. Lagu 7 tersebut digunakan dalam rangka promosi tempat wisata di Korea.7 Pesan itu juga disampaikan melalui Music Video nya yang menggunakan latar beberapa tempat wisata di Seoul, Korea Selatan. Dilihat dari maraknya demam K-Pop di dunia menunjukkan bahwa Pemerintah korea Selatan telah sukses menyebarkan Korean Wave hingga kini Korean Wave khususnya K-Pop menjadi sangat populer di seluruh penjuru dunia. K-Pop telah mengepakkan sayapnya ke ranah global. Maka tak heran apabila penggemar K-Pop sangatlah luas dan berasal dari berbagai negara yang berbeda. Penggemar K-POP sendiri dijuluki sebagai K-Popers (K-Pop Lovers). Jika ia perempuan akan dijuluki fangirl, dan jika ia laki-laki maka akan dijuluki fanboy. Para Kpopers tersebut tergabung dalam Fandom (Fans Kingdom), yaitu sebuah komunitas penggemar idol korea sesuai dengan idola yang diidolakan. Setiap boyband atau girlband memiliki nama fandom masing-masing dengan arti dan filosofis yang berbeda. Contohnya boyband PENTAGON memiki nama fandom UNIVERSE, sementara girlband (G)I- DLE memiliki nama fandom NEVERLAND. Hasil pengamatan peneliti mengenai K-Popers sejak Tahun 2017 menunjukkan bahwa penggemar K-POP dapat
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