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Efecto De La Fertilización En El Crecimiento De Calycophyllum Spruceanum (Benth) Hook F

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Efecto De La Fertilización En El Crecimiento De Calycophyllum Spruceanum (Benth) Hook F Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y del Ambiente Efecto de la fertilización en el crecimiento de Calycophyllum spruceanum (Benth) Hook F. en plantación, en el Centro de Investigación y Producción Tulumayo – Leoncio Prado Vilchez Hualparuca, Noemi Huancayo 2019 Vilchez, F. (2019). Efecto de la fertilización en el crecimiento de Calycophyllum spruceanum (Benth) Hook F. en plantación, en el Centro de Investigación y Producción Tulumayo – Leoncio Prado (Tesis para optar el Título Profesional de Ingeniero Forestal y del Ambiente). Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Facultad Ciencias Forestales y del Ambiente, Huancayo – Perú. Efecto de la fertilización en el crecimiento de Calycophyllum spruceanum (Benth) Hook F. en plantación, en el Centro de Investigación y Producción Tulumayo – Leoncio Prado Esta obra está bajo una licencia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Repositorio Institucional - UNCP UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DEL CENTRO DEL PERÚ FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS FORESTALES Y DEL AMBIENTE TESIS EFECTO DE LA FERTILIZACIÓN EN EL CRECIMIENTO DE Calycophyllum spruceanum (Benth) Hook F. EN PLANTACIÓN, EN EL CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIÓN Y PRODUCCIÓN TULUMAYO – LEONCIO PRADO PRESENTADA POR LA BACHILLER: NOEMI VILCHEZ HUALPARUCA PARA OPTAR EL TÍTULO PROFESIONAL DE: INGENIERA FORESTAL Y AMBIENTAL HUANCAYO – PERÚ 2019 DEDICATORIA A Dios, por su cariño, paciencia, Misericordia, por darme la oportunidad de concluir mi carrera y permitirme sonreír ante todos mis logros A mis apreciados y amados padres: Roberto Vilchez Archí y Gladys Hualparuca Meza, por su paciencia, respaldo, amor, por confiar en mí, agradezco a ustedes por ayudarme a ser mejor persona Es un honor ser su hija, son los mejores. A mis hermanos. A quienes quiero y respeto por su comprensión y apoyo en las buenas y malas, como solo ellos lo hacen. A ti MJCC por estar conmigo y ser un apoyo constante en este trayecto de mi vida ii ASESORA Dra. Edith Orellana Mendoza CIP. 32079 iii AGRADECIMIENTO A la Dra. Edith Orellana, Profesora principal de la Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y del Ambiente, de la Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, por el asesoramiento en la presente tesis. Agradecimiento al Ing. Jorge Caldas, Administrador del Centro de Investigación y Producción Tulumayo Anexo la Divisoria y Puerto Súngaro de la Universidad Nacional Agraria de la Selva, por las facilidades brindadas para el desarrollo del trabajo de investigación. Al Ing. Fritz Palomino Vera, por su contribución en el tiempo que se realizó la investigación. Al señor Edis Gonzales, colaborador del CIPTALD - UNAS, por su asistencia mientras se ejecutó la presente investigación. Mi reconocimiento y agradecimiento a la plana pedagógica de la Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y del Ambiente de la Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, quienes compartieron su sabiduría, consejos y me prepararon en mi formación profesional. A mis compañeros de estudios de la Universidad y amigos quienes colaboraron en concluir la presente investigación. A todos mis seres queridos que me apoyaron tenazmente para alcanzar mis metas académicas. iv INDICE GENERAL Pág. I. INTRODUCCIÓN ............................................................................................................ XII II. REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRAFICA ........................................................................................... 1 2.1. Antecedentes de Investigación ......................................................................................... 1 2.2. Bases teóricas y conceptuales .......................................................................................... 4 2.2.1. Nutrición mineral de las plantas ............................................................................... 4 2.2.1.1. Elementos influyentes en la absorción mineral ................................................. 5 2.2.1.1.1. Textura ......................................................................................................... 5 2.2.1.1.2. pH del suelo.................................................................................................. 5 2.2.1.1.3. Interacciones iónicas .................................................................................... 5 2.2.1.1.4. Naturaleza de la planta ................................................................................. 5 2.2.1.1.5. Temperatura ................................................................................................. 6 2.2.1.1.6. Humedad ...................................................................................................... 6 2.2.2. Fertilización .............................................................................................................. 6 2.2.3. Abonos orgánicos ..................................................................................................... 6 2.2.4. Abonamiento ............................................................................................................. 7 2.2.4.1. Guano de Islas ................................................................................................... 7 2.2.4.1.1. Propiedades .................................................................................................. 8 2.2.4.2. Roca Fosfórica ................................................................................................... 9 2.2.4.2.1. Características ............................................................................................ 10 2.2.4.2.2. Intervención del Fosforo en los suelos ....................................................... 10 2.2.5. Fertilización en especies Forestales ........................................................................ 11 2.2.5.1. Incidencia de la fertilización referente a la calidad de la madera .................... 11 2.2.5.2. La Fertilización puede afectar la sobrevivencia de las plagas ......................... 11 2.2.5.3. Eficacia de los fertilizantes .............................................................................. 11 v 2.2.4. Crecimiento de plantas ............................................................................................ 12 2.2.5. Plantación forestal ................................................................................................... 12 2.2.6. Características generales de Calycophyllum spruceanum (Benth) Hook F. ........... 13 2.2.6.1. Taxonomía ....................................................................................................... 13 2.2.6.2. Distribución botánica ....................................................................................... 13 2.2.6.3. Distribución geográfica ................................................................................... 13 2.2.6.4. Usos ................................................................................................................. 14 2.2.6.5. Tipos de suelo .................................................................................................. 14 2.2.6.6. Características específicas del sitio ................................................................. 14 2.2.6.7. Características silviculturales .......................................................................... 15 2.2.6.8. Crecimiento ..................................................................................................... 15 III. MATERIAL Y METODO ................................................................................................. 16 3.1. Lugar de ejecución ......................................................................................................... 16 3.1.1. Descripción del área de estudio .............................................................................. 17 3.2. Materiales ....................................................................................................................... 18 3.2.1. Materiales de campo ............................................................................................... 18 3.2.1.1. Enmiendas ....................................................................................................... 18 3.2.1.2. Equipos ............................................................................................................ 18 3.2.2. Materiales de gabinete ............................................................................................ 18 3.3. Metodología ................................................................................................................... 18 3.4. Diseño de investigación ................................................................................................. 18 3.4.1. Diseño experimental ............................................................................................... 18 3.4.2. Tratamientos ........................................................................................................... 19 3.4.3. Características del experimento .............................................................................. 19 3.5. Método de recolección de datos ..................................................................................... 20 3.5.1. Reconocimiento de campo ...................................................................................... 20 vi 3.5.2. Limpieza y mantenimiento general del área ........................................................... 20 3.5.3. Muestreo de suelos .................................................................................................. 21 3.5.4. Variables evaluadas en la parcela experimental ....................................................
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