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Millerocaulis Tekelili Sp. Nov., a New Species of Osmundalean Fern from the Aptian Cerro Negro Formation (Antarctica) Ezequiel I

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Millerocaulis Tekelili Sp. Nov., a New Species of Osmundalean Fern from the Aptian Cerro Negro Formation (Antarctica) Ezequiel I This article was downloaded by: [INASP - Pakistan ] On: 28 July 2011, At: 10:58 Publisher: Taylor & Francis Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/talc20 Millerocaulis tekelili sp. nov., a new species of osmundalean fern from the Aptian Cerro Negro Formation (Antarctica) Ezequiel I. Vera Available online: 27 Jul 2011 To cite this article: Ezequiel I. Vera (2011): Millerocaulis tekelili sp. nov., a new species of osmundalean fern from the Aptian Cerro Negro Formation (Antarctica), Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology, DOI:10.1080/03115518.2011.576541 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03115518.2011.576541 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.tandfonline.com/page/terms-and-conditions This article may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, re-distribution, re-selling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material. Millerocaulis tekelili sp. nov., a new species of osmundalean fern from the Aptian Cerro Negro Formation (Antarctica) EZEQUIEL I.VERA VERA,E.I.iFirst article. Millerocaulis tekelili sp. nov., a new species of osmundalean fern from the Aptian Cerro Negro Formation (Antarctica). Alcheringa, 1–11. ISSN 0311-5518. Ezequiel Ignacio Vera [[email protected]] Divisio´n Paleobota´nica, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ’Bernardino Rivadavia’, Av. Angel Gallardo 470, C1524DJR, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Also affiliated with A´rea de Paleontologı´a, Departamento de Ciencias Geolo´gicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabello´n II, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Received 29.10.2010, revised 14.3.2011; accepted 24.3.2011. A new species of the osmundalean fossil morphogenus Millerocaulis Tidwell emend. Vera, Millerocaulis tekelili sp. nov. is defined, based on several permineralized stems recovered from exposures of the Lower Cretaceous Cerro Negro Formation on Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. This new species is characterized by the presence of an ectophloic–dictyoxylic siphonostele, inner parenchymatic and outer sclerotic cortices, heterogeneous sclerotic ring in the petiole bases, absence of sclerenchyma associated with the petiolar xylem trace, petiolar inner cortex with sclerenchyma strands and stipular wings having a large sclerenchyma bundle and several smaller ones. The presence of non-homogeneous sclerotic rings in the petiole bases allows this new species to be clearly distinguished from other Antarctic Millerocaulis, and suggests that it may represent an intermediate form in the evolutionary lineage leading from Millerocaulis to subgenus Claytosmunda of Osmunda. Key words: Millerocaulis, Pteridophyta, Cretaceous, Osmundaceae, Livingston Island, Byers Peninsula, Antarctica. OSMUNDACEAE is a basal family of ferns, with Millerocaulis sp. cf. M. australis (Vera 2010), approximately 21 living species grouped in the genera collected from Aptian deposits of the Cerro Negro Osmunda L., Todea Willd. ex Bernh., Leptopteris C. Formation, Livingston Island; and the Late Cretac- Presl and the recently recognized Osmundastrum (C. eous Millerocaulis livingstonensis (Cantrill) Vera, Presl) C. Presl. Some taxa included in this family are 2008, discovered at Williams Point (also on Living- very long-ranging, with Osmunda recorded from the ston Island; Schopf 1978, Cantrill 1997, Rothwell Triassic Lashly Formation of Antarctica (Phipps et al. 2002, Vera 2007, 2008, 2010). et al. 1998), Todea present in Lower Cretaceous strata Here I describe a new species of Millerocaulis of Canada (Jud et al. 2008) and fossils assigned to the Tidwell emend. Vera, 2008 from the Cerro Negro Downloaded by [INASP - Pakistan ] at 10:58 28 July 2011 extant species Osmundastrum cinnamomeum (L.) C. Formation (Livingston Island, South Shetland Presl recovered from the Upper Cretaceous Horse- Islands, Antarctica), with a heterogeneous ring in its shoe Canyon Formation of North America (Serbet & petiole bases. Rothwell 1999). Fossil axes are, when possible, referred to extant genera or, if impossible, to several fossil morphogenera. One such morphogenus, Mill- Material and methods erocaulis Tidwell emend. Vera, 2008, has been Osmundaceous specimens were collected from ex- recorded in both Northern and Southern hemi- posures of the Aptian Cerro Negro Formation on spheres, in strata ranging from Triassic to Cretaceous Byers Peninsula, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica age (Tian et al. 2008). (Rotch Dome locality, Fig. 1), from strata composed Several species of Millerocaulis have been de- of very rich and homogeneous pyroclastic material, scribed from Antarctica: the Triassic M. beard- probably corresponding to a lacustrine or low-energy morensis (Schopf) Tidwell, 1986 and Millerocaulis fluvial environment. One specimen was found asso- woolfei (Rothwell, Taylor & Taylor) Vera, 2008, ciated with a small thyrsopteridacean tree-fern stem. both recovered from the Transantarctic Mountains; Several anatomical thin-sections were prepared and Millerocaulis australis (Vera) Vera, 2008 and mounted in microscope slides. Photographs were taken with a Nikon Coolpix 995 adapted to an ISSN 0311-5518 (print)/ISSN 1752-0754 (online) Olympus BX-51 or a Nikon SMZ-2t Microscope. The Ó 2011 Association of Australasian Palaeontologists specimens are housed in the collection of the Museo DOI: 10.1080/03115518.2011.576541 2 EZEQUIEL I. VERA ALCHERINGA Downloaded by [INASP - Pakistan ] at 10:58 28 July 2011 Fig. 1. Geologic map and stratigraphic scheme for Byers Peninsula. Modified from Hathway & Lomas 1998 (stratigraphic scheme) and Pa´rica et al. 2007 (map). Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ‘Bernardino R. Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous sequences of the Rivadavia’, Divisio´n Palebota´nica, under BA Pb Byers Group, which represents the most complete numbers. The Cortical Ratio (CR) was estimated record of the Pacific flank of the volcanic arc using the following formula: CR ¼ OC/IC, where OC developed during the Mesozoic, resulting from the is the average width of the outer cortex of the subduction of the palaeo-Pacific lithosphere along the specimen, and IC is the average width of the inner continental margin of the Antarctic Peninsula (Hath- cortex of the same specimen. way 1997). The Byers Group has recently been divided into five units: the marine Anchorage, President Beaches, Start Hill, Chester Cone and the Geological setting non-marine Cerro Negro formations (Crame et al. The Byers Peninsula, covering 61 km2, is located in 1993, Hathway & Lomas 1998; Fig. 1). Deposition of the western part of Livingston Island (South Shetland the Anchorage Formation took place during the Late Islands, Antarctica; Fig. 1). Most of this territory (ca Jurassic (Kimmeridgian–Tithonian), whereas the rest 95%) is devoid of ice (Ce´sari et al. 1999), exposing the of the units are dated as Early Cretaceous (Hathway ALCHERINGA OSMUNDALEAN FERN FROM ANTARCTICA 3 & Lomas 1998). The base of the Cerro Negro Referred specimens. BA Pb 14856 (BA Pb Pm 534- Formation is marked by a low-angle unconformity, 536), BA Pb 14857 (BA Pb Pm 537-538), BA Pb probably related to tectonic or volcano-tectonic uplift 15007 (BA Pb Pm 625-626), BA Pb 15008 (BA Pb Pm (Hathway 1997), whereas the top of the unit lies 627), BA Pb 15009 (BA Pb Pm 628-630). under the permanent ice of the Rotch Dome. The ages obtained using the 40Ar/39Ar method for the base Type locality and stratigraphic horizon. All the studied (120.3 + 2.2 Ma, 119.4 + 0.6 Ma or 119.1 + 0.8) specimens, including the holotype, were collected at the and the uppermost known sections of the unit Rotch Dome locality (sensu Pa´rica et al. 2007), Byers (119 + 3 Ma) suggest that the Cerro Negro Forma- Peninsula, Livingston Island. South Shetland Islands; tion was deposited rapidly (Hathway et al. 1999, Lower Cretaceous (Aptian) Cerro Negro Formation. Falcon-Lang & Cantrill 2002). Hathway (1997) divided the Cerro Negro Forma- Etymology. The specific epithet derives from the tion into two units: a lower silicic unit and an upper word Tekeli-li, pronounced by fictional Antarctic basaltic unit. The lower unit is composed mainly of inhabitants in the book ‘The Narrative of Arthur ignimbrites intercalated with reworked silicic pyro- Gordon Pym of Nantucket’ by Edgar Alan Poe, and clastic and epiclastic strata, whereas the upper unit in the book ‘At the mountains of madness’ by consists mainly of basaltic lapilli-tuffs and tuffaceous Howard Phillip Lovecraft. breccias, also including two welded silicic ignimbritic units, basaltic conglomerate lenses and intervals of Diagnosis. Stem erect, surrounded by stipulate petiole basaltic sandstones and mudstones (Hathway
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