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Ggácmnmucrmhvisambaøkñú ŪĮйŬď₧şŪ˝˝ņįОď ďijЊ ⅜₤Ĝ ŪĮйņΉ˝℮Ūij Kingdom of Cambodia GgÁCMnMuCRmHvisamBaØkñúgtulakarkm <úCa Nation Religion King Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia Royaume du Cambodge Chambres Extraordinaires au sein des Tribunaux Cambodgiens Nation Religion Roi Β₣ðĄеĕНеĄŪņй⅜ŵřеĠР₣ Trial Chamber Chambre de première instance ₤е‗НеЮũЩ₣ЮŲŠк ƠƠơ/ơ ˝˝˛Ţ ƯƠỚ/Βŷij˝/ΒĄ₤ř Case File/Dossier No. 001/18-07-2007/// ECCC/TC Before: Judge NIL Nonn, President Judge Silvia CARTWRIGHT Judge YA Sokhan Judge Jean-Marc LAVERGNE Judge THOU Mony Greffiers: LIM Suy-Hong, Matteo CRIPPA, SE Kolvuthy, Natacha WEXELS-RISER, DUCH Phary Duration of hearing: 30 March 2009 until 27 November 2009 Date: 26 July 2010 Classification: PUBLIC JUDGEMENT Co-Prosecutors Accused CHEA Leang YET Chakriya KAING Guek Eav alias Duch Andrew T. CAYLEY William SMITH Lawyers for the Civil Parties Lawyers for the Defence TY Srinna KIM Mengkhy Karim KHAN MOCH Sovannary KAR Savuth Alain WERNER Martine JACQUIN François ROUX Brianne McGONIGLE Philippe CANONNE Marie-Paule CANIZARÈS KONG Pisey Fabienne TRUSSES-NAPROUS YUNG Panith Christine MARTINEAU Silke STUDZINSKY Annie DELAHAIE HONG Kimsuon Elizabeth RABESANDRATANA Pierre Olivier SUR pøÚvCatielx 4 sgáat; ecamecA x½NÐ degáa RkugPñMeBj km<úCa RbGb;sMbuRt 71 TUrs½BÞ³ ¬855¦-23-219-814 TUrsar³ ¬855¦-23-219-841 eKhTMB½r³www.eccc.gov.kh National Road 4, Chaom Chau, Dangkao Phnom Penh Mail Po Box 71, Phnom Penh Tel:+855(0)23 218914 Fax:023 218941 Web: www.eccc.gov.kh PURL: https://www.legal-tools.org/doc/dbdb62/ Case File 001/18-07-2007/ECCC/TC E188 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................. 1 1.1 ESTABLISHMENT OF THE ECCC ................................................................................................... 1 1.2 BRIEF PROCEDURAL OVERVIEW OF THE CASE ............................................................................. 2 1.3 THE CHARGES AGAINST THE ACCUSED ........................................................................................ 3 1.4 JURISDICTION OF THE CHAMBER OVER THE ACCUSED ................................................................. 4 1.4.1 Subject-Matter,Temporal and Territorial Jurisdiction........................................................... 5 1.4.2 Personal Jurisdiction.............................................................................................................. 5 1.5 THE PRINCIPLE OF LEGALITY ....................................................................................................... 9 1.6 THE INTERNAL RULES AND APPLICABLE EVIDENTIARY PRINCIPLES.......................................... 12 1.6.1 Governing Procedural Law .................................................................................................. 12 1.6.2 The Case File........................................................................................................................ 13 1.6.3 Admissibility of Evidence...................................................................................................... 13 1.6.4 Burden and Standard of Proof.............................................................................................. 15 1.6.5 Sources of Evidence Put Before the Chamber ...................................................................... 15 1.6.5.1 Agreed facts and admissions by the Accused............................................................................. 15 1.6.5.2 Questioning of the Accused and the privilege against self-incrimination .................................. 17 1.6.5.3 Witnesses, Civil Parties and Experts.......................................................................................... 17 1.6.5.4 Documents ................................................................................................................................. 18 1.6.6 Spelling of Names and Locations.......................................................................................... 19 2 FACTUAL AND LEGAL FINDINGS............................................... 20 2.1 HISTORICAL CONTEXT AND ARMED CONFLICT.......................................................................... 20 2.1.1 April 1975 to 31 December 1977.......................................................................................... 23 2.1.2 31 December 1977 to 7 January 1979.................................................................................. 27 2.2 OVERVIEW OF DK PERIOD ......................................................................................................... 29 2.2.1 CPK structure....................................................................................................................... 31 2.2.2 The Constitution of Democratic Kampuchea........................................................................ 34 2.2.3 The Judiciary........................................................................................................................ 35 2.2.4 The Military .......................................................................................................................... 35 2.2.5 Relevant CPK policy............................................................................................................. 36 2.2.5.1 Secrecy....................................................................................................................................... 36 2.2.5.2 “Smashing” enemies .................................................................................................................. 37 2.2.6 30 March 1976 Directive...................................................................................................... 38 2.2.7 Dissemination of CPK policy................................................................................................ 39 2.2.8 CPK security structure ......................................................................................................... 41 2.3 S-21 AND THE ROLE OF THE ACCUSED ....................................................................................... 42 2.3.1 Relevant background information ........................................................................................ 42 2.3.2 M-13 ..................................................................................................................................... 43 2.3.3 S-21....................................................................................................................................... 45 2.3.3.1 Establishment of S-21 ................................................................................................................ 45 2.3.3.2 Initial locations of S-21.............................................................................................................. 46 2.3.3.3 Appointment and role as Deputy of S-21................................................................................... 46 2.3.3.4 Appointment and role as Chairman of S-21............................................................................... 47 2.3.3.4.1 Relocation of S-21 ................................................................................................................ 49 2.3.3.4.2 Overview of S-21 detainees.................................................................................................. 50 2.3.3.4.3 Organisation of S-21............................................................................................................. 52 2.3.3.4.3.1 The Documentation Unit ................................................................................................ 52 2.3.3.4.3.2 The Interrogation Unit.................................................................................................... 55 2.3.3.4.3.3 The Defence Unit ........................................................................................................... 57 2.3.3.4.3.4 Other S-21 Units............................................................................................................. 58 2.3.3.5 Responsibilities as Chairman of S-21 ........................................................................................ 58 2.3.3.5.1 Recruitment of staff .............................................................................................................. 58 KAING Guek Eav alias Duch, Judgement, 26 July 2010 - Public i PURL: https://www.legal-tools.org/doc/dbdb62/ Case File 001/18-07-2007/ECCC/TC E188 2.3.3.5.2 Training of staff.................................................................................................................... 59 2.3.3.5.3 Role in arrests ....................................................................................................................... 60 2.3.3.5.4 Role as regards confessions .................................................................................................. 63 2.3.3.5.5 Role in executions................................................................................................................. 65 2.3.3.6 Choeung Ek................................................................................................................................ 67 2.3.3.7 S-24............................................................................................................................................ 68 2.3.3.8 Abandonment of S-21 ................................................................................................................ 72 2.4 FACTS RELEVANT TO CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY COMMITTED
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