New Insight on Genetic Links Between Outflows and Chasmata on Valles
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Evidence for Volcanism in and Near the Chaotic Terrains East of Valles Marineris, Mars
43rd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (2012) 1057.pdf EVIDENCE FOR VOLCANISM IN AND NEAR THE CHAOTIC TERRAINS EAST OF VALLES MARINERIS, MARS. Tanya N. Harrison, Malin Space Science Systems ([email protected]; P.O. Box 910148, San Diego, CA 92191). Introduction: Martian chaotic terrain was first de- ple chaotic regions are visible in CTX images (Figs. scribed by [1] from Mariner 6 and 7 data as a “rough, 1,2). These fractures have widened since the formation irregular complex of short ridges, knobs, and irregular- of the flows. The flows overtop and/or bank up upon ly shaped troughs and depressions,” attributing this pre-existing topography such as crater ejecta blankets morphology to subsidence and suggesting volcanism (Fig. 2c). Flows are also observed originating from as a possible cause. McCauley et al. [2], who were the fractures within some craters in the vicinity of the cha- first to note the presence of large outflow channels that os regions. Potential lava flows are observed on a por- appeared to originate from the chaotic terrains in Mar- tion of the floor as Hydaspis Chaos, possibly associat- iner 9 data, proposed localized geothermal melting ed with fissures on the chaos floor. As in Hydraotes, followed by catastrophic release as the formation these flows bank up against blocks on the chaos floor, mechanism of chaotic terrain. Variants of this model implying that if the flows are volcanic in origin, the have subsequently been detailed by a number of au- volcanism occurred after the formation of Hydaspis thors [e.g. 3,4,5]. Meresse et al. -
Review of the MEPAG Report on Mars Special Regions
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS This PDF is available at http://nap.edu/21816 SHARE Review of the MEPAG Report on Mars Special Regions DETAILS 80 pages | 8.5 x 11 | PAPERBACK ISBN 978-0-309-37904-5 | DOI 10.17226/21816 CONTRIBUTORS GET THIS BOOK Committee to Review the MEPAG Report on Mars Special Regions; Space Studies Board; Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences; National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; European Space Sciences Committee; FIND RELATED TITLES European Science Foundation Visit the National Academies Press at NAP.edu and login or register to get: – Access to free PDF downloads of thousands of scientific reports – 10% off the price of print titles – Email or social media notifications of new titles related to your interests – Special offers and discounts Distribution, posting, or copying of this PDF is strictly prohibited without written permission of the National Academies Press. (Request Permission) Unless otherwise indicated, all materials in this PDF are copyrighted by the National Academy of Sciences. Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Review of the MEPAG Report on Mars Special Regions Committee to Review the MEPAG Report on Mars Special Regions Space Studies Board Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences European Space Sciences Committee European Science Foundation Strasbourg, France Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Review of the MEPAG Report on Mars Special Regions THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001 This study is based on work supported by the Contract NNH11CD57B between the National Academy of Sciences and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and work supported by the Contract RFP/IPL-PTM/PA/fg/306.2014 between the European Science Foundation and the European Space Agency. -
Mars Mysteries: Landform Pictograms
Landform Pictograms on Mars Zabel, Castello, & Makaula Page 28 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Journal of STEM Arts, Crafts, and Constructions Mars Mysteries: Volume 3, Number 1, Pages 28-45. Landform Pictograms James Zabel Mathieu Castello and Fiddelis Blessings Makaula University of Northern Iowa Abstract The Journal’s Website: Graphic organizers are a way for teachers to accommodate http://scholarworks.uni.edu/journal-stem-arts/ students with disabilities such as poor memory or emotional disorders. This technique allows organization of thoughts and visual representation of relationships between ideas and Introduction facts. Indeed, poor memory affects students’ reflection and retention of information while emotional disorders can cause Helping students adjust emotions to maintain self- a lack of focus in the classroom. Accommodations for regulated learning and motivation is a key to successful students with these disabilities is important because students with emotional disorders may experience social teaching and academic achievement (Mega, Ronconi, & De isolation, which in turn may negatively affect their levels of Beni, 2014). Pointing to the need for a solution to the problem academic achievement. Twenty high-achieving doctoral of students’ dwindling interest in science as they mature, U.S. students participated in a teaching experience designed to students lose enthusiasm for science in elementary school or introduce gifted students with learning disabilities to using middle school (Greenfield, 1996), while the number of de Bono thinking skills to mediate the possible negative students who continue to pursue science in high school and effects of the disabilities through an arts-integrated project college continues to drop dramatically (Simpson & Oliver, focused on some of the mysteries of the planet Mars. -
Evolution of Mars As a Planet, Possible Life on Mars
EVOLUTION OF MARS LECTURE 18 NEEP 533 HARRISON H. SCHMITT NASA HST IMAGE N THARSIS HELLAS S ANDESITE OR WEATHERED SOIL DUST DUST DUST BASALT ~100 KM A C B THEMIS THERMAL IMAGING OF SPIRIT LANDING AREA IN GUSEV CRATER A. SPIRIT LANDING ELLIPSE B. CLOSER VIEW OF SPIRIT LANDING ELLIPSE C. NIGHT IR IMAGE: BRIGHT AREAS ARE MORE ROCKY. ARROW POINTS TO ROCKY SLOPE SPIRIT MOVED TO GUSEV CRATER POSSIBLE LAKE BED IN LARGE BASIN A C B THEMIS THERMAL IMAGING OF OPPORTUNITYLANDING AREA IN MERIDIANI PLANUM A. LANDING ELLIPSE ~120 KM LONG) B. CLOSER VIEW OF LANDING ELLIPSE C. NIGHT IR IMAGE: BRIGHT AREAS ARE MORE ROCKY. ARROW POINTS TO ROCKY SLOPE MAJOR STAGES OF MARS’ EVOLUTION 1 BEGINNING 2 MAGMA OCEAN / CONVECTIVE OVERTURN 3A ? ? CRATERED UPLANDS / VERY LARGE BASINS 3B ? CORE FORMATION/GLOBAL MAGNETIC FIELD 3C 4.5 - 1.3 GLOBAL MAFIC VOLCANISM DENSE WATER / CO2 ATMOSPHERE E ? G 3D EROSION / LAKES / NORTHERN OCEAN A T ? ? S 4 LARGE BASINS CATACLYSM ? THARSIS UPLIFT AND VOLCANISM ? 5 NORTHERN HEMISPHERE BASALTIC / ANDESITIC VOLCANISM ? 1.3 - 0.2 SUBSURFACE HYDROSPHERE / CRYOSPHERE 6 ? PRESENT SURFACE CONDITIONS LUNAR 4.6 4.2? 3.8 ? 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 BILLIONS OF YEARS BEFORE PRESENT ITALICS = SNC DATES RED = MAJOR UNCERTAINTY OLYMPUS TOPOGRAPHY OF MONS THARSIS REGION VALLES MARINERIS THARSIS REGION SHADED RELIEF DETAIL MARS GLOBAL SURVEYOR MOLA OLYMPUS MONS VALLES MARINERIS APOLLO MODEL OF MARS EVOLUTION ELYSIUM MONS ANDESITIC THARSIS EVENTS EXTRUSIONS <3.8 B.Y. THARSIS THICKENING ATMOSPHERE: MAFIC UPPER MANTLE WITH CO2, H20 CRYOSPHERE / INCREASING HYDROSPHERE SI AND FE UPWARDS OLIVINE/ NA- PYROXENE ? ANDESITIC CUMULATE INTRUSIONS? OLIVINE ? CUMULATE RELIC PROTO- GARNET / NA-CPX/ CORE ? NA-BIOTITE?/NA- HORNBLENDE/ ? FExNIySz “RUTILE” (TRANSITION? CORE CUMULATES ? ZONE) RELIC MAGNETIC STRIPING THICKENED SOUTHERN ©Harrison H. -
FROM WET PLANET to RED PLANET Current and Future Exploration Is Shaping Our Understanding of How the Climate of Mars Changed
FROM WET PLANET TO RED PLANET Current and future exploration is shaping our understanding of how the climate of Mars changed. Joel Davis deciphers the planet’s ancient, drying climate 14 DECEMBER 2020 | WWW.GEOLSOC.ORG.UK/GEOSCIENTIST WWW.GEOLSOC.ORG.UK/GEOSCIENTIST | DECEMBER 2020 | 15 FEATURE GEOSCIENTIST t has been an exciting year for Mars exploration. 2020 saw three spacecraft launches to the Red Planet, each by diff erent space agencies—NASA, the Chinese INational Space Administration, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) Space Agency. NASA’s latest rover, Perseverance, is the fi rst step in a decade-long campaign for the eventual return of samples from Mars, which has the potential to truly transform our understanding of the still scientifi cally elusive Red Planet. On this side of the Atlantic, UK, European and Russian scientists are also getting ready for the launch of the European Space Agency (ESA) and Roscosmos Rosalind Franklin rover mission in 2022. The last 20 years have been a golden era for Mars exploration, with ever increasing amounts of data being returned from a variety of landed and orbital spacecraft. Such data help planetary geologists like me to unravel the complicated yet fascinating history of our celestial neighbour. As planetary geologists, we can apply our understanding of Earth to decipher the geological history of Mars, which is key to guiding future exploration. But why is planetary exploration so focused on Mars in particular? Until recently, the mantra of Mars exploration has been to follow the water, which has played an important role in shaping the surface of Mars. -
In Pdf Format
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Episodic Flood Inundations of the Northern Plains of Mars
www.elsevier.com/locate/icarus Episodic flood inundations of the northern plains of Mars Alberto G. Fairén,a,b,∗ James M. Dohm,c Victor R. Baker,c,d Miguel A. de Pablo,b,e Javier Ruiz,f Justin C. Ferris,g and Robert C. Anderson h a CBM, CSIC-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain b Seminar on Planetary Sciences, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain c Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA d Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA e ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain f Departamento de Geodinámica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain g US Geological Survey, Denver, CO 80225, USA h Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA Received 19 December 2002; revised 20 March 2003 Abstract Throughout the recorded history of Mars, liquid water has distinctly shaped its landscape, including the prominent circum-Chryse and the northwestern slope valleys outflow channel systems, and the extremely flat northern plains topography at the distal reaches of these outflow channel systems. Paleotopographic reconstructions of the Tharsis magmatic complex reveal the existence of an Europe-sized Noachian drainage basin and subsequent aquifer system in eastern Tharsis. This basin is proposed to have sourced outburst floodwaters that sculpted the outflow channels, and ponded to form various hypothesized oceans, seas, and lakes episodically through time. These floodwaters decreased in volume with time due to inadequate groundwater recharge of the Tharsis aquifer system. Martian topography, as observed from the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter, corresponds well to these ancient flood inundations, including the approximated shorelines that have been proposed for the northern plains. -
Possible Evaporite Karst in an Interior Layered Deposit in Juventae
International Journal of Speleology 46 (2) 181-189 Tampa, FL (USA) May 2017 Available online at scholarcommons.usf.edu/ijs International Journal of Speleology Off icial Journal of Union Internationale de Spéléologie Possible evaporite karst in an interior layered deposit in Juventae Chasma, Mars Davide Baioni* and Mario Tramontana Planetary Geology Research Group, Dipartimento di Scienze Pure e Applicate (DiSPeA), Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", Campus Scientifico Enrico Mattei, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy Abstract: This paper describes karst landforms observed in an interior layered deposit (ILD) located within Juventae Chasma a trough of the Valles Marineris, a rift system that belongs to the Tharsis region of Mars. The ILD investigated is characterized by spectral signatures of kieserite, an evaporitic mineral present on Earth. A morphologic and morphometric survey of the ILD surface performed on data of the Orbiter High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) highlighted the presence of depressions of various shapes and sizes. These landforms interpreted as dolines resemble similar karst landforms on Earth and in other regions of Mars. The observed karst landforms suggest the presence of liquid water, probably due to ice melting, in the Amazonian age. Keywords: Mars, interior layered deposits, karst, climate change Received 21 Octomber 2016; Revised 18 April 2017; Accepted 19 April 2017 Citation: Baioni D. and Tramontana M., 2017. Possible evaporite karst in an interior layered deposit in Juventae Chasma, Mars. International Journal of Speleology, 46 (2), 181-189. Tampa, FL (USA) ISSN 0392-6672 https://doi.org/10.5038/1827-806X.46.2.2085 INTRODUCTION north of Valles Marineris (Catling et al., 2006). -
Ancient Drainage Basin of the Tharsis Region, Mars: Potential Source for Outflow Channel Systems and Putative Oceans Or Paleolakes
University of Central Florida STARS Faculty Bibliography 2000s Faculty Bibliography 1-1-2001 Ancient drainage basin of the Tharsis region, Mars: Potential source for outflow channel systems and putative oceans or paleolakes J. M. Dohm J. C. Ferris V. R. Baker R. C. Anderson T. M. Hare FindSee next similar page works for additional at: https:/ authors/stars.libr ary.ucf.edu/facultybib2000 University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Bibliography at STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Bibliography 2000s by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Recommended Citation Dohm, J. M.; Ferris, J. C.; Baker, V. R.; Anderson, R. C.; Hare, T. M.; Strom, R. G.; Barlow, N. G.; Tanaka, K. L.; Klemaszewski, J. E.; and Scott, D. H., "Ancient drainage basin of the Tharsis region, Mars: Potential source for outflow channel systems and putative oceans or paleolakes" (2001). Faculty Bibliography 2000s. 7973. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/facultybib2000/7973 Authors J. M. Dohm, J. C. Ferris, V. R. Baker, R. C. Anderson, T. M. Hare, R. G. Strom, N. G. Barlow, K. L. Tanaka, J. E. Klemaszewski, and D. H. Scott This article is available at STARS: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/facultybib2000/7973 JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 106, NO. El2, PAGES 32,943-32,958, DECEMBER 25, 2001 Ancient drainage basin of the Tharsis region, Mars: Potential source for outflow channel systems and putative oceans or paleolakes J. M. Dohm, • J. -
Structural Analysis, Layer Thickness Measurements and Mineralogical Investigation of the Large Interior Layered Deposit Within Ganges Chasma, Valles Marineris, Mars
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS, LAYER THICKNESS MEASUREMENTS AND MINERALOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE LARGE INTERIOR LAYERED DEPOSIT WITHIN GANGES CHASMA, VALLES MARINERIS, MARS Alicia Hore, BSc. (Hons.) MSc, Earth Sciences Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Faculty of Earth Sciences, Brock University St. Catharines, Ontario © 2015 Abstract The interior layered deposit (ILD) in Ganges Chasma, Valles Marineris, is a 4.25 km high mound that extends approximately 110 km from west to east. The deposition, deformation, and erosion history of the Ganges ILD records aids in identifying the processes that formed and shaped the Chasma. To interpret structural and geomorphic processes acting on the ILD, multiple layer attitudes and layer thickness transects were conducted on the Ganges ILD. Mineralogical data was analyzed to determine correlations between materials and landforms. Layer thickness measurements indicate that the majority of layers are between 0.5 m and 4 m throughout the ILD. Three major benches dominate the Ganges ILD. Layer thicknesses increase at the ILD benches, suggesting that the benches are formed from the gradual thickening of layers. This indicates that the benches are depositional features draping over basement topography. Layer attitudes indicate overall shallow dips generally confined to a North-South direction that locally appear to follow bench topography. Layering is disrupted on a scale of 40 m to 150 m in 12 separate locations throughout the ILD. In all locations, underlying layering is disturbed by overlying folded layers in a trough-like geometry. These features are interpreted to have formed as submarine channels in a lacustrine setting, subsequently infilled by sediments. -
First Detection of Subsurface Reflectors in Coprates Chasma, Mars. R. Noguchi1, K. Ishiyama1, A. Kumamoto2, T. Usui1 and C. Uemu
50th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference 2019 (LPI Contrib. No. 2132) 2333.pdf First detection of subsurface reflectors in Coprates Chasma, Mars. R. Noguchi1, K. Ishiyama1, A. Kumamoto2, T. Usui1 and C. Uemura3 1Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 3-1-1, Yoshinodai, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5210 Japan ([email protected]), 2Department of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan, 3The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Tokyo, Japan. 1/2 Introduction: Cryosphere on Mars has been inves- dradar/εbulk . The identified echoes were not confirmed tigated by previous/ongoing missions that have reported using the off-nadir surface reflectors because they were dense high-resolution remote sensing datasets. The di- not found in the radargram of surface clutter calculated rect evidence for current cryosphere is the existence of with MOLA data by applying Kirchhoff approximation. shallow subsurface ice layers [1]. Another feature in- We described outcrops of the chasma wall using vis- voking current icy processes is recurring slope lineae ible images and topographic data. First, layers on out- (RSL). RSLs are globally distributed in the mid- and crops were identified on HiRISE images. Then we as- low- latitudes including Valles Marineris [2]. These cir- signed those identified layers on CTX digital terrain cumstances imply the pervasive existence of ground ice models (DTMs) with those of orthodox images to deter- in shallow depth of current Martian subsurface. mine the actual depths of the subsurface reflectors. The Radar sounding technique has potential to visualize CTX DTMs were generated using MarsSI [7]. In total, subsurface structure of Mars. -
Distribution, Morphology, and Morphometry of Circular Mounds in the Elongated Basin of Northern Terra Sirenum, Mars Ryodo Hemmi and Hideaki Miyamoto*
Hemmi and Miyamoto Progress in Earth and Planetary Science (2017) 4:26 Progress in Earth and DOI 10.1186/s40645-017-0141-x Planetary Science RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Distribution, morphology, and morphometry of circular mounds in the elongated basin of northern Terra Sirenum, Mars Ryodo Hemmi and Hideaki Miyamoto* Abstract An elongated, flat-floored basin, located in the northern part of Terra Sirenum on Mars, holds numerous enigmatic mounds (100 m wide) on the surface of its floor. We investigated their geological context, spatial distribution, morphological characteristics, and morphometric parameters by analyzing a variety of current remote sensing data sets of Mars. Over 700 mounds are identified; mapping of the mounds shows the spatial density of about 21 per 100 km2 and appearances of several clusters, coalescence, and/or alignment. Most of the mounds have smoother surface textures in contrast to the rugged surrounding terrain. Some of the mounds display depressions on their summits, meter-sized boulders on their flanks, and distinct lobate features. We also perform high-resolution topographic analysis on 50 isolated mounds, which reveals that their heights range from 6 to 43 m with a mean of 18 m and average flank slopes of most mounds are below 10°. These characteristics are consistent with the deposition and extension of mud slurries with mud breccia and gases extruded from subsurface, almost equivalent to terrestrial mud volcanism. If so, both abundance of groundwater and abrupt increase in pore fluid pressure are necessary for triggering mud eruption. Absolute crater retention ages suggest that the floor of the basin located among middle Noachian-aged highland terrains has been resurfaced during the Late Hesperian Epoch.