DOCSLIB.ORG

Feminism Under and After Franco: Success and Failure in the Democratic Transition

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Feminism Under and After Franco: Success and Failure in the Democratic Transition City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects 5-2018 Feminism Under and After Franco: Success and Failure in the Democratic Transition Kathryn L. Mahaney The Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/2713 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] FEMINISM UNDER AND AFTER FRANCO: SUCCESS AND FAILURE IN THE DEMOCRATIC TRANSITION by KATHRYN L. MAHANEY A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty in History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, The City University of New York 2018 ii © 2018 KATHRYN L. MAHANEY All Rights Reserved iii Feminism Under and After Franco: Success and Failure in the Democratic Transition by Kathryn L. Mahaney This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in History in satisfaction of the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Date Dagmar Herzog Chair of Examining Committee Date Helena Rosenblatt Executive Officer Supervisory Committee: Helena Rosenblatt Mary Gibson THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK iv ABSTRACT Feminism Under and After Franco: Success and Failure in the Democratic Transition by Kathryn L. Mahaney Advisor: Dagmar Herzog This dissertation, through an examination of late-20th century Spanish feminism, analyzes how Spaniards’ anxieties about their nation’s post-Franco identity have influenced domestic debates about women’s rights and, eventually, gender equality policy. In this way debates about women’s rights have been central to Spaniards’ post-Franco political and cultural identity. I have also argued for a broader understanding of both the Sección Femenina and of Spanish feminism that places each in context of developments in Western European, and not just Spanish, culture and politics. The dissertation undertakes this argument over four chapters. Chapter One argues that unlike other elements within the Franco regime and despite outsiders’ perceptions of the organization, the Sección Femenina was not an unusually repressive outlier either within its international networks or among its peers. Rather, in terms of women’s civic participation and economic rights, which were the group’s major areas of focus, the policies that the Sección Femenina pushed aligned with those of organizations like the United Nations’ Commission on the Status of Women (CSW), as well as of prominent women’s groups in other European and Western nations. Chapter Two argues that, despite the Spanish government’s abolition of repressive Franco-era legislation that, for instance, criminalized female (but not male) adultery; v its passage of feminist-friendly legislation; international sympathy for the plight of Spanish women; and leftist politicians self-identifying as feminist allies, the feminist movement itself had little political leverage in transition-era Spain. Chapter Three describes the shift from an international feminism driven by grassroots activists to an international feminism instead dominated by government-affiliated feminist organizations. Particularly in Spain, the creation of a federal women’s bureau, the Instituto de la Mujer, disrupted long-established feminist methods of protest and caused tension between grassroots campaigners and women in the Instituto. Lastly, Chapter Four examines domestic violence legislation as the first instance in which direct feminist influence, or at least direct institutional feminist influence, dramatically shaped a major piece of Spanish legislation. This was significant both for its impact on the rupture between feminist ideological camps as well as for its grounding in international tenets that feminists had long struggle to leverage for domestic change. vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Finishing this dissertation, a task that has seemed, many, many times, to be insurmountable, is the culmination of a decade-long graduate school career and is something that has only happened because of those who have helped me along the way. I would especially like to thank my advisor Dagmar Herzog, who has always believed in me, who has always been honest with me, and who has, perhaps most importantly, always been kind. Over the years she has helped shepherd me through coursework and exams as well as through the research and drafting process. Her keen critical analysis of my drafts has helped me produce a dissertation that is worlds better than what I could have produced on my own, and her incredible mentorship made it possible for me to keep finding paths forward when I felt hopeless and overwhelmed. Similarly, I am indebted to Helena Rosenblatt for pushing me to further refine what I thought was my final dissertation draft, at a time when I was reluctant to give the work more attention. She did this while also acknowledging that critique can be painful and while gently encouraging me. And she was right – my now final draft is much improved as a result of her suggested clarifications and additions. Lastly, Mary Gibson read this work under an tight time limit so that I could defend the dissertation and have a chance to graduate with the class of 2018, something that made the logistics of my temporarily complicated life much smoother. My whole family is grateful for her generosity. Beyond my committee, I must also thank some scholars in my field. Temma Kaplan has been an invaluable resource for helping ground me in the scholarship of Spanish history, which she did when she served on my orals committee; for broadening my research, which she did by gifting me with an extensive, decades-in-the-making personal collection of newspaper clippings and feminist memorabilia; and for reading and correcting early drafts of several chapters. Julia vii Hudson-Richards also read early drafts and offered suggestions for re-framing and strengthening my argument, and in addition pointed me to some sources I may not have otherwise found. Of course, I am also grateful for the assistance of several archivists and researchers who helped me uncover my archival documents. I would like to thank the archivists at the United Nations Archives in New York City as well as the National Libraries of Catalonia and of Spain for their guidance as I conducted my research. Likewise, I would like to thank my colleague Suzanne Dunai, who tracked down some sources for me during her Fulbright year in Madrid when I’m sure she could have found a better use for her time. Javier Tébar at the Fundació Cipriano García Arxiu Històric de CCOO de Catalunya pulled every feminist and tangentially- feminist record he could think of for me when he heard the scope of my project, and these sources added depth to my analysis. And I owe much to the women of Ca la Dona and its Centre de Documentació in Barcelona who went far beyond their job descriptions while helping me navigate their archives. Mercè Otero Vidal and Mireia Bofill in particular provided invaluable commentary on sources I was studying, gave me books for my personal library, brought memorabilia from their homes to show me, and rearranged their personal schedules to ensure that I had sufficient time in the archives. I would be remiss if I neglected to acknowledge that none of this would have been possible without my family and friends. The community I’ve found in the Thistle Class Association, especially Mike McBride, Kimberly Pasley, Larry Liggett, Alex Liggett, Sam Brauer, Craig Smith, Alycia Sanders, and Meg Booth, has provided me a world beyond academia while consistently reminding me that other things in my life are also of immense value. Jess Davidson and fellow scholars in the ASPHS, thank you for your friendship, your collegiality, and for making me feel at home in the field of Spanish history. Arnout van der Meer, Joke van viii Oers, Annie DeVries, Elizabeth Churchich – I am 1000% happy to have met you along the way, and am 1000% grateful for your friendship. My mother and father, Jack and Colleen Mahaney, and sister and brother-in-law, Kristin Mahaney and Matt Gaines, have all somehow tolerated me throughout this process, even on those days when I was too busy reading, writing, or simply agonizing over the project to pick up the phone or to return their texts. It’s a miracle that I remain in their good graces, and I am so lucky to have a family who believes in me unconditionally. Finally, I have to thank my husband, Alex Gomez-del-Moral, who has stood with me since the beginning of our respective graduate careers. There is so much I could say, but I’ll just leave it at this: I feel blessed to have found a partner who is also a colleague, and who has been willing to switch hats as needed – sometimes providing me with ego-stroking and validation that I almost certainly didn’t deserve, other times being as brutally critical as any anonymous reviewer. I needed both. I am also grateful for a partner willing to go all-in, without prompting, on co-parenting and sharing the drudgery of household management; completing a dissertation while raising a small child and, as I neared the finish line, gestating another, would have been impossible without Alex’s commitment to ensuring that he pulled his weight and often much of mine as well. This dissertation is dedicated to the lights of my life, Cesc and Joan, but, most of all to Alex,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Spain and the United States: So Close, Yet So Far
    Spain and the United States: So Close, Yet So Far William Chislett Working Paper (WP) 23/2006 25/9/2006 Area: US & Transatlantic Dialogue – WP 23/2006 September 2006 Spain and the United States: So Close, Yet So Far1 William Chislett * For Antonio Muñoz Molina and Elvira Lindo, citizens of Madrid and New York Summary: This Paper updates the author’s book Spain and United States: The Quest for Mutual Rediscovery (www.realinstitutoelcano.org/publicaciones/libros/ChislettEsp-EEUU- ingles.pdf), published by Elcano in November 2005, in a much abbreviated form. It incorporates the latest figures and material regarding trade, investment, political and cultural relations and other areas. Contents Historical Overview Political Relations US Investment in Spain Spanish Investment in the United States Foreign Trade The Hispanic Community in the United States Cultural Relations Anti-Americanism in Spain Conclusion Appendix Bibliography Historical Overview Spain’s involvement in the United States stretches back to 1513 when Juan Ponce de León landed on the east coast of what is today the state of Florida and claimed it for the Spanish crown.2 Within three decades of his landing, the Spanish became the first Europeans to reach the Appalachians, the Mississippi, the Grand Canyon and the Great Plains. Spanish ships sailed along the East Coast, reaching present-day Bangor, Maine, and up the Pacific Coast as far as Oregon. In all, Spaniards probed half of today’s lower * Former correspondent for The Times in Spain (1975-78) and the Financial Times in Mexico (1978-84). 1 This Paper updates the author’s book Spain and United States: The Quest for Mutual Rediscovery (www.realinstitutoelcano.org/publicaciones/libros/ChislettEsp-EEUU-ingles.pdf), published in November 2005 by the Elcano Royal Institute, in a much abbreviated form.
    [Show full text]
  • La Acción Propagandística a Favor Del Franquismo Durante La
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Repositorio Hipermedial de la Universidad Nacional de Rosario La acción propagandística a favor del Franquismo durante la Guerra Civil Española: la actuación de Juan Pablo Lojendio en Buenos Aires (1936-1939) Alejandra Noemí Ferreyra páginas / año 8 – n° 16 / ISSN 1851-992X / pp. 123-140 / 2016 http://revistapaginas.unr.edu.ar/index.php/RevPaginas La acción propagandística a favor del Franquismo durante la Guerra Civil Española: la actuación de Juan Pablo Lojendio en Buenos Aires (1936-1939) Propagandistic action in favor of Franco regime during the Spanish Civil War : the actions of Juan Pablo Lojendio in Buenos Aires (1936-1939) Alejandra Noemí Ferreyra* Universidad de Buenos Aires Centro de Estudios Sociales de América Latina Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina [email protected] Resumen La fractura político-ideológica que se produjo en España ante el inicio de la Guerra Civil en 1936 se trasladó también al seno de la representación diplomática española en la ciudad de Buenos Aires. Ello generó la dimisión a su cargo de algunos miembros de la carrera diplomática en la embajada hispana y a su vez, la progresiva conformación de una sede diplomática paralela que actuaría bajo las órdenes del Gobierno de Burgos en España. En el presente trabajo nos proponemos seguir con detenimiento el derrotero propagandístico y la actuación diplomática del representante oficioso enviado por el General Francisco Franco a la Argentina, Juan Pablo de Lojendio, prestando especial atención a los vínculos que en su accionar fue generando con destacados miembros de la comunidad hispana en Buenos Aires.
    [Show full text]
  • Writing from and for the Periphery Carving out a Place for Spanish Food Studies
    103Repensar los estudios ibéricos desde la periferia editado por José Colmeiro y Alfredo Martínez-Expósito Writing from and for the Periphery Carving Out a Place for Spanish Food Studies Lara Anderson (The University of Melbourne, Australia) Abstract This article explores the notion of the periphery as it concerns Hispanic food studies. It argues that the periphery has a multiplicity of meanings in this context, and also that it is useful for various methodological and substantive reasons. These include the initial academic marginalisation of food studies itself, the slow acceptance of culinary texts as an object of academic study, as well as the ongoing drive to move food studies from the margins of Hispanic cultural studies. By refer- ence to the Author’s own research on Spanish culinary nationalism, this article also shows how the tension between centre and periphery is key to understanding Spanish food discourses of the past few centuries. This discussion hopes to show that the academy is increasingly paying attention to peripheral cultures and objects of study. Summary 1 Introduction. – 2 Food Studies: Transcending the Periphery. – 3 Spanish Food Culture and the Peripheral. Keywords Hispanic food studies. Spanish food studies. Culinary nationalism. Spanish cuisine. Spanish regionalisms. 1 Introduction Hispanic food studies is a most apt topic for any discussion of the periphery. Food studies, broadly speaking, has slowly moved from a peripheral position in the academy to one of prestige and popularity. If, however, food studies scholars have been alive to the food cultures and discourses of countries such as France, England and Italy, the Spanish-speaking world has only recently begun to receive this type of scholarly attention.1 Although academic inquiry into the food cultures of the Spanish world is relatively new, journalistic dis- cussions about the nature of Spanish cuisine date back to the late nineteenth century.
    [Show full text]
  • Discrimination Against Men Appearance and Causes in the Context of a Modern Welfare State
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Lauda Pasi Malmi Discrimination Against Men Appearance and Causes in the Context of a Modern Welfare State Academic Dissertation to be publicly defended under permission of the Faculty of Social Sciences at the University of Lapland in the Mauri Hall on Friday 6th of February 2009 at 12 Acta Electronica Universitatis Lapponiensis 39 University of Lapland Faculty of Social Sciences Copyright: Pasi Malmi Distributor: Lapland University Press P.O. Box 8123 FI-96101 Rovaniemi tel. + 358 40-821 4242 , fax + 358 16 341 2933 publication@ulapland.fi www.ulapland.fi /publications Paperback ISBN 978-952-484-279-2 ISSN 0788-7604 PDF ISBN 978-952-484-309-6 ISSN 1796-6310 www.ulapland.fi /unipub/actanet 3 Abstract Malmi Pasi Discrimination against Men: Appearance and Causes in the Context of a Modern Welfare State Rovaniemi: University of Lapland, 2009, 453 pp., Acta Universitatis Lapponinsis 157 Dissertation: University of Lapland ISSN 0788-7604 ISBN 978-952-484-279-2 The purpose of the work is to examine the forms of discrimination against men in Finland in a manner that brings light also to the appearance of this phenomenon in other welfare states. The second goal of the study is to create a model of the causes of discrimination against men. According to the model, which synthesizes administrative sciences, gender studies and memetics, gender discrimination is caused by a mental diff erentiation between men and women. This diff erentiation tends to lead to the segregation of societies into masculine and feminine activities, and to organizations and net- works which are dominated by either men or by women.
    [Show full text]
  • The Valley of the Fallen in Spain. Between National Catholicism and the Commodification of Memory
    CzasKultury/English 4/2017 The Valley of the Fallen in Spain. Between National Catholicism and the Commodification of Memory Maja Biernacka Thanatourism is a portmanteau derived from the word “tourism” and the Greek term tanatos. The latter means death, although when capitalized, it indicates the god of death in Greek mythology. The concept refers to the act of visiting – individually or as a group – locations that have witnessed natural disasters, battles with staggering casu- alties, or acts of genocide (such as concentration camps, sites of mass shootings, or memorials devoted to these acts). Moreover, thanatourism takes a form of group ex- cursions organized under the theme of death, and comes with all the usual services – transportation, accommoda- tions, licensed tour guides, souvenir sales, and so forth. 18 Maja Biernacka, The Valley of the Fallen in Spain Polish scholarship adopted the term1 following its English equivalent thanatourism,2 which literally translates to “death tourism.”3 An adjacent concept is “dark tourism”4 (in Polish, mroczna turystyka),5 which expands the object of interest from death to all phenomena falling under the banner of “dark” or “morbid.” Other related terms appear as well, such as “grief tourism,” which serve to modify the scope or character of such activity. It seems relevant to emphasize that these notions may be incorporated into critical methodologies in the social sciences, due to their demystifying nature. I am refer- ring specifically to taking advantage of the value of sites bound up with death, suffering, human tragedy and the like, which play a crucial role in the collective memory of a nation, ethnic or religious group, or any other kind of imagined community – to use Benedict Anderson’s term6 – and putting a price on them for touristic purpos- es.
    [Show full text]
  • The Persistence of Castilian Law in Frontier Texas: the Legal
    Mo. THE PERSISTENCE OF CASTILIAN LAW IN FRONTIER TEXAS: THE LEGAL STATUS OF WOMEN THESIS Presented to the Graduate Council of the University of North Texas in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS By Jean A. Stuntz, B.A., J.D. Denton, Texas May, 1996 Mo. THE PERSISTENCE OF CASTILIAN LAW IN FRONTIER TEXAS: THE LEGAL STATUS OF WOMEN THESIS Presented to the Graduate Council of the University of North Texas in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS By Jean A. Stuntz, B.A., J.D. Denton, Texas May, 1996 ltd Stuntz, Jean A., The Persistence of Castilian Law in Frontier Texas: The Legal Status of Women. Master of Arts (History), May, 1996, 94 pp., references, 38 titles. Castilian law developed during the Reconquest of Spain. Women received certain legal rights to persuade them to move to the villages on the expanding frontier. These legal rights were codified in Las Siete Partidas, the monumental work of Castilian law, compiled in the thirteenth century. Under Queen Isabella, Castilian law became the law of all Spain. As Spain discovered, explored, and colonized the New World, Castilian law spread. The Recopilacidn de Los Leyes de Las Indias complied the laws for all the colonies. Texas, as the last area in North America settled by Spain, retained Castilian law. Case law from the Bexar Archives proves this for the Villa of San Fernando (present-day San Antonio). Castilian laws and customs persisted even on the Texas frontier. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Chapter 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Time for Women's Rights, Time for A
    TIME FOR WOMEN’S RIGHTS, TIME FOR A UNITED FEMINIST EUROPE The state of women’s rights in Central Eastern Europe, the Balkans and the Baltic States: Under Attack and Under Resourced A report by the Central Eastern Europe, the Balkan and the Baltic States Taskforce of the European Women’s Lobby This publication has been funded by the Rights, Equality and Citizenship Programme of the European Union. The information contained in the publication does not necessarily reflect the position of the European Commission. TABLE OF CONTENT Introduction . 4 What is the Central Eastern Europe, the Balkan and the Baltic States (CEEBBS) Taskforce? . 5 The History of Promoting Women’s Rights and Gender Equality in the CEEBBS Region . 7 Taskforce Priorities and Recommendations . 11 1. Strengthening, supporting and resourcing a strong women’s rights movement in the region . 12 2. Reclaiming feminism and equality between women and men as European values . 14 3. Ensuring women’s economic independence, reducing economic disparities between women and men and urgently tackling poverty based on gender and other intersecting forms of discrimination . 16 4. Increasing women’s participation and representation in politics and increasing the number of feminist politicians in power . 18 5. Strengthening accountable, well-resourced domestic gender equality institutions whose mandates will take into account the principle of diversity and will be responsive to the needs of all women and girls . 22 6. Ending violence against women and ensuring sexual and reproductive health and rights for all . 26 7. Ending intersectional discrimination of women from minority groups, including of Roma women and migrant and refugee women .
    [Show full text]
  • The Judeo-Masonic Enemy in Francoist Propaganda (1936-1945)
    The Judeo-Masonic Enemy in Francoist Propaganda (1936-1945) Javier Domínguez Arribas* 1. INTRODUCTION Between the beginning of the Spanish Civil War and the end of the Second World War, Francoist propaganda depicted Jews and Freemasons as two closely linked forces that conspired tirelessly against Spain. They were considered responsible for all the evils that afflicted the country, together with the leftists. While the “Reds” were an obvious and significant enemy for the nationalist forces, there were no more than about 5,000 Spanish Freemasons in 1936, and their influence in Spanish public affairs was limited, at least as an organization (although the individual influence of some Freemasons is another issue). However, their fate was the same as that of the “Communists”: relentless repres- sion.1 The case of the Jews is even more surprising. The antisemitic propaganda of the early days of the Franco regime took place in a country where almost no Jews had lived since their expulsion by the Catholic monarchs in 1492. Furthermore, most members of the tiny Jewish community in the Iberian Peninsula in 1936 had arrived just a short time previously, coming mostly from Hitler’s Germany. Their number, although impossible to establish precisely, has been estimated at close to 6,000.2 In spite of the violent rhetoric against Jews, the regime did not systematically implement discriminatory policies against them. Above all, the Franco government did not facilitate Nazi antisemitic persecution during the Second World War, while some Spanish diplomats in fact pro- tected Jews in danger.3 Why, then, were two groups that were so small, so different, and so differently treated by the regime, presented together by official propaganda as the powerful Judeo-Masonic enemy to be fought? This, among other aspects, is the focus of the research presented in this paper.4 * Associate Professor, University of Paris XIII—CRESC.
    [Show full text]
  • Carlism Seen Through Foreign Eyes. IN
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Hedatuz Between repulsion and attraction: Carlism seen through foreign eyes Caspistegui, Francisco Javier Univ. de Navarra. Dpto. de Historia. Edificio Biblioteca de Humani - dades. Campus Universitario, s/n. 31080 Pamplona-Iruña BIBLID [ISBN: 978-84-8419-152-0 (2008); 119-143] Bi mendean zehar kanpoko begiratuek karlismoari buruz agertu dituzten ezaugarri batzuk erakutsi nahi dira testu honetan. Aldi hori kontuan harturik, fenomeno aldakorra izan bada ere, bida- iari eta behatzaileek arrazoi desberdinak izan zituzten abiaburu eta ezaugarri komunak dituzten uler- men jarraibideak emateko joera izan zuten; horien arabera, bi alditan multzoka daitezke: 1936 urtearen aurrekoa eta ondokoa. Giltza-Hitzak: Karlismoa. Arrotzak. Euskal Herria. Nafarroa. Nekazaritza giroa. Nazionalismoa. Historia. En este texto se pretenden mostrar algunos de los rasgos que miradas ajenas han proporciona- do sobre el carlismo a lo largo de dos siglos. Aunque sea un fenómeno cambiante en ese período, viajeros y observadores partieron de motivos distintos y tendieron a dar pautas de comprensión con rasgos comunes que permite agruparlos en dos períodos: antes y después de 1936. Palabras Clave: Carlismo. Extranjeros. País Vasco. Navarra. Ruralismo. Nacionalismo. Historia. Dans ce texte, on tente de montrer quelques-uns des traits que des regards étrangers ont porté sur le carlisme tout au long de deux siècles. Bien que cela soit un phénomène changeant à cette période, des voyageurs et des observateurs partirent de motifs différents et tendirent à fournir des règles de compréhension avec des traits communs qui permette de les regrouper en deux périodes: avant et après 1936.
    [Show full text]
  • The Splintering of Spain
    This page intentionally left blank ii ii The Splintering of Spain This book explores the ideas and culture surrounding the cataclysmic civil war that engulfed Spain from 1936 to 1939. It features specially commissioned articles from leading historians in Spain, Britain and the USA which examine the complex interaction of national and local factors, contributing to the shape and course of the war. They argue that the ‘splintering of Spain’ resulted from the myriad cultural clea- vages of society in the 1930s. Thus, this book views the civil war less as a single great conflict between two easily identifiable sets of ideas, social classes or ways of life, than historians have previously done. The Spanish tragedy, at the level of everyday life, was shaped by many tensions, both those that were formally political and those that were to do with people’s perceptions and understanding of the society around them. CHRIS EALHAM is Senior Lecturer in History at Lancaster University. His previous publications include Policing the City: Class, Culture and Conflict in Barcelona, 1898–1937 (2005). MICHAEL RICHARDS is Senior Lecturer in Contemporary European History at the University of the West of England. His previous publica- tions include A Time of Silence: Civil War and the Culture of Repression in Franco’s Spain, 1936–1945 (1998). The Splintering of Spain Cultural History and the Spanish Civil War, 1936 –1939 Edited by Chris Ealham and Michael Richards cambridge university press Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge cb2 2ru,UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9780521821780 © Cambridge University Press 2005 This publication is in copyright.
    [Show full text]
  • El Falangismo De Transición Y Algunos Aspectos Sobre España
    121 LA RAZÓN HISTÓRICA. Revista hispanoamericana de Historia de las Ideas. ISSN 1989-2659 Número 37, Año 2017, páginas 121-140. www.revistalarazonhistorica.com El falangismo de transición y algunos aspectos sobre España. Miguel Madueño Álvarez Licenciado en Historia (UNED), Especialista en Historia Militar (IUGM), Máster en la España Contemporánea en el Contexto Internacional (UNED) (España). Resumen : Durante la Transición española, el falangismo era una ideología que aún agrupaba a un importante número de simpatizantes. En un momento de cambio como aquel, en el que la política española experimentó el mayor auge de partidos políticos del siglo XX, se dio al tiempo una polarización de la política que dejó en el olvido numerosas ideas y programas de gran interés. Una de aquellas ideologías fue el falangismo, dispuesto a la construcción de una España fuerte y con un destino común. Ideas que apostaban por el republicanismo, por el nacionalsindicalismo como modelo económico y por una unidad territorial común a todos los españoles como medios para poder integrarse en el inminente sistema democrático. Una idea de España que no penetró en los españoles y que no fue votada, lo que condujo al fracaso del falangismo y de las ideas defendidas por los seguidores de José Antonio Primo de Rivera. Palabras Clave: Falangismo- Transición- España- Franquismo- nacionalsindicalismo Abstract: During the Spanish Transition, Falangism was an ideology that had a great number of sympathizers. In that time of change, when the Spanish politics experimented a La Razón Histórica, nº37, 2017 [121-140] ISSN 1989-2659. © IPS. Instituto de Política social. 122 rise of political parties in the twentieth century, there was a political polarization.
    [Show full text]
  • Womeninscience.Pdf
    Prepared by WITEC March 2015 This document has been prepared and published with the financial support of the European Commission, in the framework of the PROGRESS project “She Decides, You Succeed” JUST/2013/PROG/AG/4889/GE DISCLAIMER This publication has been produced with the financial support of the PROGRESS Programme of the European Union. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of WITEC (The European Association for Women in Science, Engineering and Technology) and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Commission. Partners 2 Index 1. CONTENTS 2. FOREWORD5 ...........................................................................................................................................................6 3. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................................7 4. PART 1 – THE CASE OF ITALY .......................................................................................................13 4.1 STATE OF PLAY .............................................................................................................................14 4.2 LEGAL FRAMEWORK ...................................................................................................................18 4.3 BARRIERS AND ENABLERS .........................................................................................................19 4.4 BEST PRACTICES .........................................................................................................................20
    [Show full text]