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SPATA33 Localizes Calcineurin to the Mitochondria and Regulates Sperm Motility in Mice
SPATA33 localizes calcineurin to the mitochondria and regulates sperm motility in mice Haruhiko Miyataa, Seiya Ouraa,b, Akane Morohoshia,c, Keisuke Shimadaa, Daisuke Mashikoa,1, Yuki Oyamaa,b, Yuki Kanedaa,b, Takafumi Matsumuraa,2, Ferheen Abbasia,3, and Masahito Ikawaa,b,c,d,4 aResearch Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 5650871, Japan; bGraduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 5650871, Japan; cGraduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 5650871, Japan; and dThe Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 1088639, Japan Edited by Mariana F. Wolfner, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, and approved July 27, 2021 (received for review April 8, 2021) Calcineurin is a calcium-dependent phosphatase that plays roles in calcineurin can be a target for reversible and rapidly acting male a variety of biological processes including immune responses. In sper- contraceptives (5). However, it is challenging to develop molecules matozoa, there is a testis-enriched calcineurin composed of PPP3CC and that specifically inhibit sperm calcineurin and not somatic calci- PPP3R2 (sperm calcineurin) that is essential for sperm motility and male neurin because of sequence similarities (82% amino acid identity fertility. Because sperm calcineurin has been proposed as a target for between human PPP3CA and PPP3CC and 85% amino acid reversible male contraceptives, identifying proteins that interact with identity between human PPP3R1 and PPP3R2). Therefore, identi- sperm calcineurin widens the choice for developing specific inhibitors. fying proteins that interact with sperm calcineurin widens the choice Here, by screening the calcineurin-interacting PxIxIT consensus motif of inhibitors that target the sperm calcineurin pathway. in silico and analyzing the function of candidate proteins through the The PxIxIT motif is a conserved sequence found in generation of gene-modified mice, we discovered that SPATA33 inter- calcineurin-binding proteins (8, 9). -
Can Alzheimer's Disease Shed Light on the DNA As ''Data'' Versus DNA
Commentary Annals of Genetics and Genetic Disorders Published: 21 Jun, 2018 Can Alzheimer’s Disease Shed Light on the DNA as ‘’Data’’ versus DNA as a ‘’Program’’ Paradigm? Bajic Vladan1*, Panagiotis Athanasios2 and Misic Natasa3 1Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Belgrade, Serbia 2Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Greece 3Department of Biotechnology, Research and Development Institute Lola Ltd, Serbia Commentary For 100 years it was established that Alzheimer’s disease can occur early (before 50) and late (after 65), but only in the 1970 the genetic makeup has been established for this disease [1]. Scientists pinpointed the cause of AD on two chromosomes, chromosome 21 and 14, finding that genes for APP and Presenilin are connected to how the amyloid was processed (the famous amyloid that Dr Alzheimer reported to be seen in the brain of the first patient, Auguste D). These findings and the notion that aneuploidy of chromosome 21 in Down syndrome leads to early AD suggested that etiological factor was found, even though that only 3% to 5% of all AD patients have mutations in these genes. AD cases of 95% are labeled as Sporadic AD (SAD) [1]. The genome project and later new technologies that utilize genetic screening and analysis opened a field of investigation to find the ‘’other‘’ risk genes that are in the base of SAD. This paradigm was and has been led by the viewpoint that DNA is a program. This view was established through the workings of Dr Ernst Mayer, 1961 [2] as still pursued today. On the other hand Henry Atlan, 2011 suggested that DNA is a data center and the program is utilized from what he called the ‘’complexity’’ of a cell [3]. -
Systemic Analysis of the DNA Replication Regulators Origin Recognition Complex in Lung Adenocarcinomas Identifes Prognostic and Expression Signifcance
Systemic Analysis of the DNA Replication Regulators Origin Recognition Complex in Lung Adenocarcinomas Identies Prognostic and Expression Signicance Juan Chen University of South China Juan Zou University of South China Juan Zeng University of South China Tian Zeng University of South China Qi-hao Hu University of South China Jun-hui Bai University of South China Min Tang University of South China Yu-kun Li ( [email protected] ) University of South China https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8517-9075 Primary research Keywords: lung adenocarcinomas, ORC complex, public databases, prognostic value, comprehensive bioinformatics Posted Date: May 11th, 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-487176/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Page 1/24 Abstract Background: Origin recognition complex (ORC) 1, ORC2, ORC3, ORC4, ORC5 and ORC6, form a replication- initiator complex to mediate DNA replication, which play a key role in carcinogenesis, while their role in lung adenocarcinomas (LUAD) remains poorly understood. Methods: We conrmed the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels, DNA alteration, DNA methylation, miRNA network, protein structure, PPI network, functional enrichment, immune inltration and prognostic value of ORCs in LUAD based on Oncomine, GEPIA, HPA, cBioportal, TCGA, GeneMANIA, Metascape, KM-plot, GENT2, and TIMER database. Results: ORC mRNA and protein were both enhanced obviously based on Oncomine, Ualcan, GEPIA, TCGA and HPA database. Furthermore, ORC1 and ORC6 have signicant prognostic values for LUAD patients based on GEPIA database. Protein structure, PPI network, functional enrichment and immune inltration analysis indicated that ORC complex cooperatively accelerate the LUAD development by promoting DNA replication, cellular senescence and metabolic process. -
Histone H3.1 (Human) Cell-Based ELISA Kit
Histone H3.1 (Human) Cell-Based ELISA Kit Catalog # : KA2761 規格 : [ 1 Kit ] List All Specification Application Image Product Histone H3.1 (Human) Cell-Based ELISA Kit is an indirect enzyme-linked Qualitative Description: immunoassay for qualitative determination of Histone H3 expression in cultured cells. Reactivity: Human, Mouse, Rat Storage Store the kit at 4°C. Instruction: Protocol: Protocol Download Suitable Attached Cell, Loosely Attached Cell, Suspension Cell Sample: Label: HRP-conjugated Detection Colorimetric Method: Regulation For research use only (RUO) Status: Datasheet: Download Applications Qualitative HIST1H3A HIST1H3D HIST1H3C HIST1H3E HIST1H3I HIST1H3G HIST1H3J HIST1H3H HIST1H3B HIST1H3F Gene Information Entrez GeneID: 8350 Protein P68431 Accession#: Gene Name: HIST1H3A Gene Alias: H3/A,H3FA Gene histone cluster 1, H3a Description: Omim ID: 602810 Gene Ontology: Hyperlink Gene Summary: Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. This structure consists of approximately 146 bp of DNA wrapped around a Page 1 of 6 2021/6/18 nucleosome, an octamer composed of pairs of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4). The chromatin fiber is further compacted through the interaction of a linker histone, H1, with the DNA between the nucleosomes to form higher order chromatin structures. This gene is intronless and encodes a member of the histone H3 family. Transcripts from this gene lack polyA tails; instead, they contain a palindromic termination element. This gene is found in the large histone gene cluster on chromosome 6p22-p21.3. [provided by RefSeq Other H3 histone family, member A,histone 1, H3a Designations: Gene Information Entrez GeneID: 8351 Protein P68431 Accession#: Gene Name: HIST1H3D Gene Alias: H3/b,H3FB Gene histone cluster 1, H3d Description: Omim ID: 602811 Gene Ontology: Hyperlink Gene Summary: Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. -
01-11 Genetics of Alzheimer
DERLEME/REVIEW Genetics of Alzheimer’s Disease: Lessons Learned in Two Decades Alzheimer Hastalığının Genetiği: Son 20 Yılda Öğrenilen Dersler Nilüfer Ertekin Taner Mayo Klinik Florida, Nöroloji ve Nörobilim Bölümleri, Jacksonville, Florida, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Turk Norol Derg 2010;16:1-11 ÖZET Alzheimer hastal›¤› (AH) en s›k rastlanan demans türüdür. 2010 y›l›nda tüm demanslar›n dünyada 35 milyondan fazla kifliyi etkileme- si beklenmektedir. Etkili tedaviler olmaks›z›n, bu salg›n›n 2050 y›l›nda tüm dünyada 115 milyondan fazla hasta say›s›na ulaflaca¤› he- saplanmaktad›r. Genetik çal›flmalar hastal›¤›n patofizyolojisini anlamaya yarayarak, olas› tedavi, semptom öncesi tan› ve önlemlere yol açabilir. 1990 y›l›ndan bu yana AH’›n altta yatan genetik ögesi hakk›nda önemli oranda kan›t birikmifltir. Erken bafllang›çl› ailesel AH’a yol açan otozomal dominant mutasyonlar tafl›yan üç gen, AH’›n %1’inden daha az›n› aç›klamaktad›r. Geç bafllang›çl› AH’daki genel kabul gören tek risk faktörü olan apolipoprotein ε4, bu hastal›¤›n genetik riskinin yaln›zca bir k›sm›n› aç›klar. Genetik ba¤lant› ve ilifl- ki çal›flmalar›nda birçok aday gen bölgesi bulunmas›na ra¤men, bu sonuçlar ba¤›ms›z çal›flmalarda ço¤unlukla tekrarlanamam›flt›r. Bu- nun nedeni, en az›ndan k›smen, genetik heterojenlik, düflük etkili genetik faktörler ve yetersiz güçte olan çal›flmalard›r. Yüz binlerce tekli nükleotid polimorfizmi ile binlerce kiflinin incelendi¤i genom çap›nda iliflki çal›flmalar›, AH gibi karmafl›k geneti¤e sahip hastal›k- lar›n alt›nda yatan yayg›n risk varyasyonlar›n›n bulunmas› için olas› güçlü bir yaklafl›m olarak görülmektedir. -
Rap1-Mediated Chromatin and Gene Expression Changes at Senescence
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2019 Rap1-Mediated Chromatin And Gene Expression Changes At Senescence Shufei Song University of Pennsylvania Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Biochemistry Commons, and the Cell Biology Commons Recommended Citation Song, Shufei, "Rap1-Mediated Chromatin And Gene Expression Changes At Senescence" (2019). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 3557. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/3557 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/3557 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Rap1-Mediated Chromatin And Gene Expression Changes At Senescence Abstract ABSTRACT RAP1-MEDIATED CHROMATIN AND GENE EXPRESSION CHANGES AT SENESCENCE The telomeric protein Rap1 has been extensively studied for its roles as a transcriptional activator and repressor. Indeed, in both yeast and mammals, Rap1 is known to bind throughout the genome to reorganize chromatin and regulate gene transcription. Previously, our lab published evidence that Rap1 plays important roles in cellular senescence. In telomerase-deficient S. cerevisiae, Rap1 relocalizes from telomeres and subtelomeres to new Rap1 target at senescence (NRTS). This leads to two types of histone loss: Rap1 lowers global histone levels by repressing histone gene transcription and it also results in local nucleosome displacement at the promoters of the activated NRTS. Here, I examine mechanisms of site-specific histone loss by presenting evidence that Rap1 can directly interact with histone tetramers H3/H4, and map this interaction to a three-amino-acid-patch within the DNA binding domain. Functional studies are performed in vivo using a mutant form of Rap1 with weakened histone interactions, and deficient promoter clearance as well as blunted gene activation is observed, indicating that direct Rap1-H3/H4 interactions are involved in nucleosome displacement. -
Transcriptomic and Epigenomic Characterization of the Developing Bat Wing
ARTICLES OPEN Transcriptomic and epigenomic characterization of the developing bat wing Walter L Eckalbar1,2,9, Stephen A Schlebusch3,9, Mandy K Mason3, Zoe Gill3, Ash V Parker3, Betty M Booker1,2, Sierra Nishizaki1,2, Christiane Muswamba-Nday3, Elizabeth Terhune4,5, Kimberly A Nevonen4, Nadja Makki1,2, Tara Friedrich2,6, Julia E VanderMeer1,2, Katherine S Pollard2,6,7, Lucia Carbone4,8, Jeff D Wall2,7, Nicola Illing3 & Nadav Ahituv1,2 Bats are the only mammals capable of powered flight, but little is known about the genetic determinants that shape their wings. Here we generated a genome for Miniopterus natalensis and performed RNA-seq and ChIP-seq (H3K27ac and H3K27me3) analyses on its developing forelimb and hindlimb autopods at sequential embryonic stages to decipher the molecular events that underlie bat wing development. Over 7,000 genes and several long noncoding RNAs, including Tbx5-as1 and Hottip, were differentially expressed between forelimb and hindlimb, and across different stages. ChIP-seq analysis identified thousands of regions that are differentially modified in forelimb and hindlimb. Comparative genomics found 2,796 bat-accelerated regions within H3K27ac peaks, several of which cluster near limb-associated genes. Pathway analyses highlighted multiple ribosomal proteins and known limb patterning signaling pathways as differentially regulated and implicated increased forelimb mesenchymal condensation in differential growth. In combination, our work outlines multiple genetic components that likely contribute to bat wing formation, providing insights into this morphological innovation. The order Chiroptera, commonly known as bats, is the only group of To characterize the genetic differences that underlie divergence in mammals to have evolved the capability of flight. -
The Genetic Basis of Emotional Behaviour in Mice
European Journal of Human Genetics (2006) 14, 721–728 & 2006 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved 1018-4813/06 $30.00 www.nature.com/ejhg REVIEW The genetic basis of emotional behaviour in mice Saffron AG Willis-Owen*,1 and Jonathan Flint1 1Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, UK The last decade has witnessed a steady expansion in the number of quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapped for complex phenotypes. However, despite this proliferation, the number of successfully cloned QTL has remained surprisingly low, and to a great extent limited to large effect loci. In this review, we follow the progress of one complex trait locus; a low magnitude moderator of murine emotionality identified some 10 years ago in a simple two-strain intercross, and successively resolved using a variety of crosses and fear-related phenotypes. These experiments have revealed a complex underlying genetic architecture, whereby genetic effects fractionate into several separable QTL with some evidence of phenotype specificity. Ultimately, we describe a method of assessing gene candidacy, and show that given sufficient access to genetic diversity and recombination, progression from QTL to gene can be achieved even for low magnitude genetic effects. European Journal of Human Genetics (2006) 14, 721–728. doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201569 Keywords: mouse; emotionality; quantitative trait locus; QTL Introduction tude genetic effects and their interactions (both with other Emotionality is a psychological trait of complex aetiology, genetic loci (ie epistasis) and nongenetic (environmental) which moderates an organism’s response to stress. Beha- factors) ultimately producing a quasi-continuously distrib- vioural evidence of emotionality has been documented uted phenotype. -
The Expression and Nuclear Deposition of Histone H3.1 In
Journal of Reproduction and Development, Vol. 58, No 5, 2012 —Original Article— The Expression and Nuclear Deposition of Histone H3.1 in Murine Oocytes and Preimplantation Embryos Machika KAWAMURA1), Tomohiko AKIYAMA1)#, Satoshi TSUKAmoto2), Masataka G. SUZUKI1) and Fugaku AokI1) 1)Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8562, Japan 2)Laboratory of Animal and Genome Science Section, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba 263-8555, Japan #Present: Laboratory of Genetics, NIH Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, MD 21224, U.S.A. Abstract. Differentiated oocytes acquire totipotency through fertilization. During this transition, genome-wide chromatin remodeling occurs, which leads to change in gene expression. However, the mechanism that underlies this global change in chromatin structure has not been fully elucidated. Histone variants play a key role in defining chromatin structure and are implicated in inheritance of epigenetic information. In this study, we analyzed the nuclear localization and expression of H3.1 to elucidate the role of this histone variant in chromatin remodeling during oogenesis and preimplantation development. Analysis using Flag-tagged H3.1 transgenic mice revealed that Flag-H3.1 was not present in differentiated oocytes or early preimplantation embryos before the morula stage, although Flag-H3.1 mRNA was expressed at all stages examined. In addition, the expression levels of endogenous H3.1 genes were low at the stages where H3.1 was not present in chromatin. These results suggest that H3.1 is not incorporated into chromatin due to the inactivity of the histone chaperone and low mRNA expression level. The significance of the dynamics of H3.1 is evaluated in terms of chromatin remodeling that takes place during development. -
High-Fat Diet Alters the Retinal Transcriptome in the Absence of Gut Microbiota
cells Article High-Fat Diet Alters the Retinal Transcriptome in the Absence of Gut Microbiota David Dao 1, Bingqing Xie 2,3 , Urooba Nadeem 4, Jason Xiao 1, Asad Movahedan 5, Mark D’Souza 2, Vanessa Leone 6,7 , Seenu M. Hariprasad 1, Eugene B. Chang 7, Dinanath Sulakhe 3 and Dimitra Skondra 1,* 1 Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; [email protected] (D.D.); [email protected] (J.X.); [email protected] (S.M.H.) 2 Center for Research Informatics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; [email protected] (B.X.); [email protected] (M.D.) 3 Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; [email protected] 4 Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; [email protected] 5 Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06437, USA; [email protected] 6 Department of Animal Biologics and Metabolism, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA; [email protected] 7 Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, Department of Medicine, Microbiome Medicine Program, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The relationship between retinal disease, diet, and the gut microbiome has shown increasing importance over recent years. In particular, high-fat diets (HFDs) are associated with development and progression of several retinal diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and Citation: Dao, D.; Xie, B.; Nadeem, diabetic retinopathy. However, the complex, overlapping interactions between diet, gut microbiome, U.; Xiao, J.; Movahedan, A.; D’Souza, and retinal homeostasis are poorly understood. -
VIEW Genetics of Alzheimer Disease in the Pre- and Post-GWAS Era Nilüfer Ertekin-Taner*
Ertekin-Taner Alzheimer’s Research & Therapy 2010, 2:3 http://alzres.com/content/2/1/3 REVIEW Genetics of Alzheimer disease in the pre- and post-GWAS era Nilüfer Ertekin-Taner* substantial genetic component that has an estimated Abstract heritability of 58% to 79% [4], and the lifetime risk of AD Since the 1990s, the genetics of Alzheimer disease (AD) in fi rst-degree relatives of patients may be twice that of has been an active area of research. The identifi cation the general population [5]. Families with autosomal of deterministic mutations in the APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 dominant transmission of AD were described in the genes responsible for early-onset autosomal dominant literature in the 1980s [6]. In the early 1990s, segregation familial forms of AD led to a better understanding of analysis studies suggested the presence of Mendelian, the pathophysiology of this disease. In the past decade, autosomal, dominant risk factors under lying the risk of the plethora of candidate genes and regions emerging early-onset AD, whereas a more complex model possibly from genetic linkage and smaller-scale association involving polygenes and environmental factors emerged studies yielded intriguing ‘hits’ that have often proven for late-onset AD (LOAD) [7,8]. Th e identifi cation of diffi cult to replicate consistently. In the last two years, homology in the Aβ peptide isolated from brains of 11 published genome-wide association studies patients with AD and trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) and (GWASs) in AD confi rmed the universally accepted localization of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) to role of APOE as a genetic risk factor for late-onset AD chromosome 21 [9,10], where linkage to disease risk was as well as generating additional candidate genes that mapped in early-onset familial AD (EOFAD) families require confi rmation. -
Different Contribution of BRINP3 Gene in Chronic
Casado et al. BMC Oral Health (2015) 15:33 DOI 10.1186/s12903-015-0018-6 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Different contribution of BRINP3 gene in chronic periodontitis and peri-implantitis: a cross- sectional study Priscila L Casado1,2, Diego P Aguiar2, Lucas C Costa3, Marcos A Fonseca3, Thays CS Vieira2,4, Claudia CK Alvim-Pereira5, Fabiano Alvim-Pereira6, Kathleen Deeley7, José M Granjeiro1,9, Paula C Trevilatto8 and Alexandre R Vieira7,10* Abstract Background: Peri-implantitis is a chronic inflammation, resulting in loss of supporting bone around implants. Chronic periodontitis is a risk indicator for implant failure. Both diseases have a common etiology regarding inflammatory destructive response. BRINP3 gene is associated with aggressive periodontitis. However, is still unclear if chronic periodontitis and peri-implantitis have the same genetic background. The aim of this work was to investigate the association between BRINP3 genetic variation (rs1342913 and rs1935881) and expression and susceptibility to both diseases. Methods: Periodontal and peri-implant examinations were performed in 215 subjects, divided into: healthy (without chronic periodontitis and peri-implantitis, n = 93); diseased (with chronic periodontitis and peri-implantitis, n = 52); chronic periodontitis only (n = 36), and peri-implantitis only (n = 34). A replication sample of 92 subjects who lost implants and 185 subjects successfully treated with implants were tested. DNA was extracted from buccal cells. Two genetic markers of BRINP3 (rs1342913 and rs1935881) were genotyped using TaqMan chemistry. Chi-square (p < 0.05) compared genotype and allele frequency between groups. A subset of subjects (n = 31) had gingival biopsies ΔΔCT harvested. The BRINP3 mRNA levels were studied by CT method (2 ).