www.aucklandmuseum.com Marine invertebrates collected during the Kermadec Biodiscovery Expedition 2011

Stephen J. Keable Australian Museum Research Institute Amanda L. Reid Australian Museum Research Institute

Abstract Marine invertebrates, excluding decapod Crustacea, collected during the Kermadec Biodiscovery Expedition 2011 are documented. Five hundred and nine taxa, including 170 species, are recorded, principally from samples of substrate obtained from depths of less than 30 metres, although results from limited intertidal and deeper sampling are also included. The highest diversity of taxa was found at Raoul and satellite islands but this is interpreted as reflecting sampling bias. The collection reinforces previously reported patterns of faunal connectivity being strongest with the tropical and subtropical southwest Pacific. Significant discoveries to date include the recognition of approximately 20 undescribed species, 44 species distribution records that are new for New Zealand waters, an additional 25 higher level (genus or family) range extensions into New Zealand waters and 27 species distribution records that are new for the Kermadec Islands. These results indicate that there is considerable scope for further discoveries in attempts to document the diversity of the invertebrate fauna in the nearshore marine environment of the Kermadec Islands. Some recommendations are made to aid future efforts in this endeavour.

INTRODUCTION decapod crustaceans that are documented by Ahyong (2015). Additionally, a discussion of significant records The social and economic value of New Zealand marine and an overview of the biogeography of the species biodiversity is recognised as a significant resource that recorded are provided. is important to conserve and manage (Department of For an outline of the goals, expedition collection Conservation, 2011). A fundamental step in this process is stations and biogeographic setting of the Kermadec an accurate inventory (Morrison, 2009). With the sea area Islands, see Trnski & de Lange (2015). of the New Zealand Exclusive Economic Zone being the fifth largest in the world and exceeding the land area by METHODS over 1,400% (Gordon & Bisby, 2009) it is understandable that it has been suggested that approximately 90% of An attempt was made to collect a wide cross-section New Zealand’s biodiversity occurs in the marine or of invertebrates; in particular, crustaceans, molluscs estuarine environment (marineNZ, 2009). Invertebrates and polychaetes were targeted. Therefore, a number clearly constitute a significant proportion of this total, of different collecting methods were used. Methods generally being recognised as comprising 95 to 99% of employed at particular sites were dependent on the all animal diversity (Ponder et al., 2002; Cook, 2010). prevailing weather, sea conditions, and nature of the Important initiatives in documenting and analysing underwater topography. A range of habitats, depths, and this diversity, which include the New Zealand marine sheltered and non-sheltered locations were also selected invertebrate fauna, are several recent publications, others for sampling. From these areas various substrates in in press or in preparation, and on-line databases (Brook, which invertebrates are found, such as encrusting growth 1998; Gordon, 2009; NZOR, 2009; Cook, 2010; Gordon, (e.g. algae and sponges) and sediments, were collected 2010; Gordon et al., 2010). The Kermadec Islands group, (Trnski & de Lange, 2015). New Zealand’s only subtropical territory, represents a Most sampling was done by hand while using notable element, with inventories of the invertebrates of SCUBA, with substrate collected in mesh bags (mesh size intertidal and subtidal habitats suggested as a research one millimetre). Other methods employed included the priority for documenting biodiversity (Gardner, 2010). use of a night light and dip net, airlift while using SCUBA This report contributes to this goal by reviewing the and baited traps. Traps with openings of approximately marine invertebrates collected during the Kermadec one centimetre diameter (Keable, 1995) were placed Biodiscovery Expedition 2011, with the exception of inside larger 10 centimetre diameter opening ‘Fathom

Bulletin of the Auckland Museum 20: 263–310 http://www.aucklandmuseum.com/research/pub/bulletin/20/11 264 Stephen J. Keable & Amanda L. Reid

Plus’ ® (San Diego, California) traps and left overnight with previously known species. From these, 44 new on the bottom tied to weights and marker buoys. An distribution records for New Zealand and an additional attempt was made to sample sediments in the vicinity 27 new distribution records for the Kermadec Islands of North Meyer Island at a depth of approximately 15 were recorded (Table 1). Furthermore, approximately 25 to 30 metres using a hand hauled van Veen grab but the taxa represent new distribution records for New Zealand sediments were coarse and winnowed out of the grab as at the level of genus or family (Table 1). it was pulled to the surface. To date approximately 20 undescribed species have Subtidal and surface collections were supplemented been recognised from these samples (Table 1; Bird, by intertidal samples collected by hand. These samples 2015; Kelly et al., 2015; Mitchell, in prep.; O’Loughlin came primarily from two stations at Fishing Rock, Raoul & Vandenspiegel, 2012; Reid & Wilson, 2015, C. Island, where an intensive search of the immediate shore Watson, in prep.; J. Watson, 2015; Willan & Beechey, was possible. However, additional intertidal specimens 2015). Among the Heterobranchia, specimens of Dunga were acquired through opportunistic collection by shore and Elysia probably represent new species, but more parties chiefly concerned with obtaining insect and plant material may be required for their full description. In samples (Trnski & de Lange, 2015). addition, 60 species of decapod Crustacea are recorded, In the field, samples were reduced in size by including five new species, by Ahyong (2015); 45% of sieving (mesh size one millimetre) and elutriation where these 60 species correspond to new distribution records appropriate. Samples and specimens extracted from them for New Zealand. were fixed in 10% formalin and subsequently transferred Four hundred and forty one taxa are recorded from to 70 to 80% ethanol, or fixed in 95% ethanol, in some Raoul and satellite islands, 105 taxa are recorded from cases, to facilitate future DNA extraction. Macaulay Island, 71 taxa are recorded from Curtis Following fixation, all invertebrate collections were and Cheeseman islands and 86 taxa are recorded from shipped to the Australian Museum, Sydney, for further L’Esperance Rock. processing. Formalin-fixed material was soaked out in Of the material identified to species, only two several changes of fresh water and transferred to 70 rissoid micromolluscs, two tanaidacean crustaceans to 80% ethanol prior to sorting and identification. The (Paradoxapseudes n. sp. and Zeuxo n. sp., see Bird material was then split into broad taxonomic groups, (2015)) and the serpulid polychaete Spirobranchus using a dissecting microscope in many cases. polytremus (Philippi, 1844) were found at all of the After initial sorting, specimens were made available four main sampling locations representing the different to relevant experts for identification. The Asteroidea island groups (Table 1). Eighteen species were collected were identified from images of preserved specimens. A at three of these sampling locations: the pycnogonid standard classification was applied to these identifications Achelia assimilis; the amphipod Mallacoota chiltoni; and recorded, along with previously known distributions, the tanaidacean Leptochelia n. sp.; the asteroid Petricia either through reference to the Australian Faunal Directory imperialis; the echinoids Heliocidaris tuberculata and (ABRS, 2012), Duffy & Ahyong (2015), Gordon (2009), Centrostephanus rodgersii; the sipunculan Aspidosiphon Gordon (2010), the World Register of Marine Species misakiensis; the molluscs Bursa verrucosa, Conus (WoRMS, 2012), additional publications, or consultation lischkeanus, Neothais smithi, the conspicuous Kermadec with relevant experts. However, any errors in reporting limpet Scutellastra kermadecensis, Tectus royanus, are those of the authors. Teretianax suteri; and the micromolluscs columbellid Specimens have been divided equally, where sp. 1, eumelid sp. 1, muricid sp. 1, rissoid sp. 4, and possible, between the Auckland Museum and the triphorid sp. 1. Australian Museum for final lodgement and housing. Algal samples that were retained have been deposited DISCUSSION at the Auckland Museum and the National Herbarium of New South Wales. Diversity and distribution Collection of marine invertebrate samples using SCUBA RESULTS proved challenging. In particular, dive intervals were often restrictive given safe diving limits in such a Table 1 lists the recognised taxa ordered alphabetically remote area. The steeply sloping terrain that was often by phylum and then alphabetically by class, order, family, encountered resulted in many dives reaching the 30 metre genus and species within a phylum. The distribution maximum allowable depth under protocols adopted and, of these taxa within the island groups sampled is also consequently, short dive periods. This limitation also indicated. Where specimens could be identified with a led to only small areas being explored and sampled. The known species, or recognised as a species distinct from exposed nature of many sites made collection difficult, known species, the accepted distribution outside the particularly at shallow depths due to wave surge. Kermadec Islands group is also indicated. Additionally, samples were confined in size to what each A total of 509 invertebrate taxa, excluding the diver was physically capable of bringing to the surface. decapod Crustacea that are reported separately by There was a low diversity of physical habitat types Ahyong (2015), are recognised from the marine samples at intertidal and subtidal depths encountered around obtained during the Kermadec Biodiscovery Expedition the islands. The underwater habitat at many sites was 2011 (Table 1). Of these, 170 are positively identified often barren rock, possibly due to the recent geological Marine Invertebrates Collected during the Kermadec Biodiscovery Expedition 2011 265 history of the area, its isolated nature, and physical collected at these northern islands, undoubtedly because exposure to the open ocean, with such factors as strong more airlift samples were obtained there. Given the winds, wave action and currents regularly having a limited amount of diving (two occasions) undertaken scouring effect. In addition, the grazing activity of at L’Esperance Rock it is surprising that 86 taxa are echinoid echinoderms that were prevalent in some recorded from there. This number is of a similar order areas undoubtedly plays a significant role in producing to that recorded for Macauley Island (105), with fewer barren areas and influencing community composition taxa collected at Curtis/Cheeseman islands (71). This (Gardner, 2010). Where encrusting growth that would comparative diversity at L’Esperance Rock occurred be expected to harbour invertebrates was present, it was despite a greater collection effort in terms of the number often extremely hard to remove as a sample. Limited of dives, other sampling undertaken, and greater area sampling of some encrusting taxa such as Bryozoa and covered at both Macauley Island and Curtis/Cheeseman Tunicata was undertaken as colonies encountered were islands (Trnski & de Lange, 2015). small and greater attention was given to substrates that Reports concerned with the Kermadec Islands were expected to harbour additional fauna of the groups have emphasised the considerable biogeographic and that were primarily targeted (Crustacea, Mollusca and ecological significance of the connectivity of the marine Polychaeta). Algae usually occurred in small patches fauna due to the islands’ physical isolation, geological rather than large growths and, therefore, were also setting, range of latitudes encompassed and location again difficult to sample as substrate for associated between temperate New Zealand coasts and the tropical invertebrates. Significantly, stands of Sargassum kelp islands of Tonga (Brook, 1998; Brook, 1999; Gardner, from the lowermost intertidal to 5 m depth around Raoul 2010; Trnski et al., 2010). An important influence is the Island reported by Oliver (1915) were not observed in eastward-flowing Tasman Front forming the southern the areas sampled during the 2011 expedition. However, leg of the counter clockwise oceanic circulation of the community structure has been reported to be variable South Pacific Gyre that flows most strongly just north probably due to small areas sampled and natural of 30ºS with an average latitude position of 32ºS (Trnski heterogeneity of sites selected in different studies et al., 2010; Willan & Perkins, 2011). This circulation (Gardner, 2010), therefore, the observations made here pattern is also driven by the southward flowing western may not be reflected by a broader examination than was boundary current, the East Australian Current. This possible in the scope of this project. current carries long-lived dispersive stages of many taxa In view of these limitations, and the relatively small as it sweeps down the eastern Australian coast, turns amount of resources allocated to marine invertebrate east and continues north towards Polynesia, passing collection and processing (predominantly only two people the Kermadec Islands on the way. Although variable in 15 days), the detection of approximately 20 undescribed in strength, every summer, and particularly during hot species, 44 species distribution records newly recorded summers, the East Australian Current also approaches for the New Zealand fauna and an additional 27 species the North Island of New Zealand more closely (Trnski distribution records newly recorded for the Kermadec et al., 2010; Willan & Perkins, 2011). Whether the fauna Islands is significant. These discoveries reinforce how it carries survives and becomes established depends on poorly this area is known, particularly when it is noted a number of factors, but clearly the warmer waters of that these results only take into account material fully the Kermadec Islands would provide more favourable identified to date and do not include those for decapod conditions for tropical and subtropical species than Crustacea. Furthermore, there are numerous additional would be encountered throughout much of New Zealand. new distribution records of material at higher classification Previous studies show that for the marine fauna of the levels that can be gathered from a comparison of Table 1 Kermadec Islands group, overall, a tropical/subtropical to the information provided by Duffy & Ahyong (2015). influence predominates, with many taxa occurring widely For example, the list of Duffy & Ahyong (2015) includes throughout the Indo-west Pacific, but that taxa with no harpacticoid Copepoda whereas in the material narrow ranges also occur. Relatively well-studied groups reported here (Table 1) there are 10 genera in six families have been generally described as being low in diversity in recorded but only three of these taxa are further identified comparison to other areas. The fish fauna fits this pattern to species and counted here among the number of new but also has a significant temperate component; many records for the Kermadec Islands. of the fish species have wide geographic distributions The highest diversity of taxa was found at Raoul but there is also a notable component of narrow range and satellite islands. While it would be expected that and endemic species (Francis & Cole, 2010; Trnski this island group may indeed have the highest faunal et al., 2010). Similarly, although there is a mixture of variety, owing to the greater length of coastline, more reef-building tropical and subtropical coral species extensive area of adjacent shallow seafloor and potential present there is no reef formation. Species diversity is for niches to occupy, the results reported are considered low and shows affinities with subtropical southwest to be largely a reflection of the collection effort. This Pacific islands rather than with the New Zealand fauna effort was dictated by the time spent in the vicinity of (Brook, 1999; Gardner, 2010). The molluscan fauna is Raoul Island, prevailing conditions and the nature of also considered depauperate at the species and genus the underwater topography, which made this site more level, and dominated by tropical central Pacific Ocean suitable for collecting than the southern, more exposed species with endemics accounting for 19% of the species islands. For example, micromolluscs were primarily (Brook, 1998; Gardner, 2010). 266 Stephen J. Keable & Amanda L. Reid

The marine invertebrates collected during the L’Esperance) because in contrast it was (and to some Kermadec Biodiscovery Expedition 2011 reinforce extent still is) poorly known. Part of the reason for this pattern with widespread Indo-Pacific and even this lack of information is the comparative difficulty cosmopolitan species present but species with sampling at these southern sites, which can only be connectivity to tropical and subtropical Australia and the accessed during favourable weather and sea conditions. broader southwest Pacific noticeable, particularly among Fifty seven species of molluscs collected during the Cnidaria, Crustacea, Echinodermata, Mollusca, this expedition have been formally identified to date. Polychaeta and Pycnogonida reported here. A connection However, this number will increase considerably when to the southern fauna of New Zealand and further the micromolluscs are fully sorted and identified. afield is also apparent. For example the pycnogonid Many of the gastropod micromolluscs have only been Anoplodactylus australis otherwise has an Antarctic and sorted to morphospecies and sorting of these bivalves subantarctic circumpolar distribution (Table 1). is incomplete. It is hoped that this paper will inform Of the approximately 20 undescribed species the scientific community that new Kermadec Islands recognised from these collections, not including the material (some of which was preserved in 95% ethanol decapod crustaceans noted by Ahyong (2015), most are to facilitate DNA extraction) is available and provide a not known to occur outside of the Kermadec Islands, launching pad for future study. again suggesting an element of endemicity. Particularly significant among the new species Future possibilities recognised is the sponge Suberea n. sp., which represents With full identifications still to be made for many of the only the second published record of the Order Verongida invertebrate samples obtained there will undoubtedly in New Zealand waters (Kelly et al., 2015) and the be additional discoveries resulting from this expedition. anemone Phlyctenanthus n. sp., the first record of the However, much remains to be done to gain a better genus from New Zealand waters (fideCairns et al., 2009). understanding of the invertebrate fauna of the Kermadec Both of these macroinvertebrate taxa were encountered Islands and further expeditions focussing on this aspect of on several occasions in different sites across the full biodiversity would be of great value. These expeditions range of latitudes sampled, and are therefore considered should include members with expertise covering a broad relatively common. That they have been previously range of invertebrate groups to ensure the successful unreported but were readily collected by divers targeting recording of additional species. Mapping, photography other organisms demonstrates that further sampling and video of the underwater terrain would help in aimed at a wider array of taxa will undoubtedly lead planning sampling strategies for these expeditions. Use to additional discoveries. A similar example is the of underwater diver operated vehicles (e.g. scooters) and new species of Octopus recorded (see Reid & Wilson, gas mixtures or rebreathers, to allow extended times for 2015). That such a large and conspicuous species has dive operations, are also suggested for consideration to been unrecorded until now is a further indication that aid future marine invertebrate documentation. invertebrates have not received the attention that is required to properly document them. CONCLUSION Of all the marine invertebrates, the molluscs are the most diverse and were comprehensively studied Most of the Kermadec island chain was made a nature prior to this expedition. To date, approximately 440 reserve in 1934 and the marine reserve was declared mollusc species have been reported as occurring in 1990. This status, as one of the highest levels of among the Kermadec Islands based on previous work protection under New Zealand law, recognises the and data obtained from museum collections (Duffy & special and fragile nature of the islands’ ecosystems, and Ahyong, 2015). Almost a century ago, Oliver (1915) native plants and animals. Marine biodiversity is one published a comprehensive account of the molluscan of the characteristics leading to this status. The marine fauna of the Kermadec Islands. Brook (1998) provided invertebrate fauna, particularly that of shallow subtidal an update of this work by incorporating new records depths, is a significant component of this feature, yet from dredge, SCUBA and fossil collections, together remains poorly known. While this expedition has made with subsequently published records and taxonomic a contribution to addressing knowledge gaps in this revisions. This latter work was more restricted in its subject, the scale of the task requires greater resources scope than that of Oliver (1915) and focussed on the than have been available to date. We have barely begun benthic coastal fauna of Raoul and satellite islands to explore the true diversity of marine invertebrates (Napier, Nugent, Meyer, Dayrell and Chanter), but found among the islands. Without an additional increase gives a detailed historical account of previous work, in this knowledge it will be difficult to effectively provides references to published descriptions of the conserve and manage the area in the face of increasing biogeographic relationships of the Kermadec group environmental threats such as global warming and ocean coastal molluscan fauna, and gives information on acidification. Further action to better document the the geology, hydrology and physical habitats that marine invertebrates of the area is justified and required. predominate intertidally and subtidally. Brook (1998) It is hoped the information provided here will aid future excluded information regarding the coastal fauna of taxonomic and field efforts in this endeavour. the southern islands (Macauley, Curtis, Cheeseman and Marine Invertebrates Collected during the Kermadec Biodiscovery Expedition 2011 267 Comments on distributionIslands records outside of Kermadec Zealand and/or New Indication of previously known records from Zealand New + L’Esperance L’Esperance Rock K2011-98 to K2011-100 + Cheeseman and Curtis Islands K2011-75 to K2011-97 + + Macauley Macauley Island K2011-66 to K2011-74 + + + + + + + + Raoul and satellite islands K2011-2 to K2011-65 ANNELIDA AMPHINOMIDAE AMPHINOMIDA Phylum: Phylum: Class: OLIGOCHAETA Class: POLYCHAETA Order: Family: 1868 Amphinome jukesi ? Baird, Eurythoe cf. parvecarunculata Horst, 1912 Order: EUNICIDA DORVILLEIDAE Family: sp. Schistomeringos EUNICIDAE Family: Eunice sp. OENONIDAE Family: 1924) debilis maorica ? (Augener, Arabella ONUPHIDAE Family: sp. Kinbergonuphis Nothria sp. Classification/Distribution = new distribution record for the Kermadec Islands (i.e. previously known from New Zealand but not the Kermadec Islands); blank = Islands); the Kermadec but not Zealand New from known previously Islands (i.e. the Kermadec for record distribution = new previously known from the Kermadec Islands and other areas of New Zealand. of New other areas Islands and the Kermadec from known previously Taxon list. list. 1. Taxon Table known from distinct or a species unit species as known be recognised could that taxa only included for are indicated Distributions Phylum by alphabetically listed are Taxa shown. are names family the just family, beyond sorted been yet not have taxa Where species. and then alphabetically within each decreasing level of are classification.conventions Levels of following The de Lange (2015). & classification see Trnski are sampling sites, to refer numbers primarily ‘K2011’ Genus and Species. limited to Family, Phylum, Order, Class, Zealand; New for record distribution ! = new Zealand”: New from records known of previously headed “Indication column the used in * 268 Stephen J. Keable & Amanda L. Reid pers. comm. ). pers. Australia, including New South Wales, Queensland, South Queensland, Wales, South Australia, including New Australia; North and South Is of Western Tasmania, Australia, Zealand (ABRS, 2012). New et al . (2009). & Read (2009) or Glasby Not listed in Glasby Mediterranean Sea, Madagascar, European waters, Wales, South Australia (New 2012), also Red Sea (WoRMS, Gulf, Oman Sea Australia), Persian Western Australia, South (ABRS, 2012). Comments on distributionIslands records outside of Kermadec Zealand and/or New Watson, Indo-Pacific (C. Watson, and Norfolk Is (C. Australia including Lord Howe East comm. ). pers. comm. ). pers. Watson, Australia (C. and subtropical Tropical comm. ). pers. Watson, Is (C. from the Kermadec only Known ! ! ! ! ! * Indication of previously known records from Zealand New + L’Esperance L’Esperance Rock K2011-98 to K2011-100 + + + + + Cheeseman and Curtis Islands K2011-75 to K2011-97 + + + + Macauley Macauley Island K2011-66 to K2011-74 + + + + + + + + + + + + Raoul and satellite islands K2011-2 to K2011-65 Perinereis sp. Perinereis antipoda ? Hartman, 1954 Platynereis 1900 anomala Gravier, Pseudonereis PHYLLODOCIDAE Family: Order: PHYLLODOCIDA CHRYSOPETALIDAE Family: Russell, 1998 Watson hannelorae Arichlidon n. sp. 8 Paleanotus n. sp. 12 Paleanotus GLYCERIDAE Family: spp. Glycera HESIONIDAE Family: Gyptis sp. Psamathe ? sp. NEREIDIDAE Family: sp. Nereis 1982 Turvey, ? Hutchings & parabifida Nereis ? sp. Nereis (Schmarda, 1861) amblyodonta Perinereis Classification/Distribution Chrysopetalum cf. n. sp. 5 Marine Invertebrates Collected during the Kermadec Biodiscovery Expedition 2011 269 Not listed in Glasby & Read (2009) or Glasby et al . (2009) or & Read (2009) or Glasby Not listed in Glasby (2015) but has been recorded from the Zealand Ahyong & Duffy Australia (New 2012) also Economic Zone (WoRMS, Exclusive South Australia). Wales, et al . (2009). & Read (2009) or Glasby Not listed in Glasby Archipelago, Red Sea and Australia, Malay Caledonia, New Western Wales, South 2012) New Indian Ocean (WoRMS, Australia, Red Sea, Indo-Pacific. Western Wales, South 2012). New (WoRMS, European waters Atlantic (ABRS, 2012). Australia, Mediterranean Sea, Red NE et al . (2009). & Read (2009) or Glasby Not listed in Glasby Comments on distributionIslands records outside of Kermadec Zealand and/or New Australia (ABRS, 2012) and original description. Not listed in et al . (2009). & Read (2009) or Glasby Glasby Australia, South Queensland, Wales, South Australia (New & Read Australia) (ABRS, 2012). Not listed in Glasby Western et al . (2009). (2009) or Glasby ! ! ! ! ! * Indication of previously known records from Zealand New L’Esperance L’Esperance Rock K2011-98 to K2011-100 + Cheeseman and Curtis Islands K2011-75 to K2011-97 + + Macauley Macauley Island K2011-66 to K2011-74 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Raoul and satellite islands K2011-2 to K2011-65 San Martin, 2005 Lepidonotus sp. 1865 jukesii Baird, Thormora SIGALIONIDAE Family: ? sp. Neopsammolyce SPHAERODORIDAE Family: SYLLIDAE Family: Alcyonosyllis sp. (McIntosh, 1885) cf. kerguelensis Brania Ehlers, 1864 Eurysyllis tuberculata Family: P OLYNOIDAE Family: (Benham, 1915) Benhamisetosus australiensis Family: PISIONIDAE Family: Pisione sp. Pisionidens sp. Classification/Distribution ingridae (Exogone) Exogone Haswell, 1920 Haswell, (Sylline) fustifera Exogone 270 Stephen J. Keable & Amanda L. Reid Pacific coasts of South America, New Zealand, Japan and Zealand, America, New coasts of South Pacific & Read (2009) or Is (ABRS, 2012). Not listed in Glasby Kurile et al . (2009). Glasby & Read (2009) or Australia (ABRS, 2012). Not listed in Glasby et al . (2009). Glasby & Read 2012). Not listed in Glasby Japan (Read & Fauchald, et al . (2009). (2009) or Glasby Atlantic (Madeira, CanaryNorth Is), Mediterranean, Eastern (ABRS, 2012). Not listed in Glasby Wales) South Australia (New et al . (2009). & Read (2009) or Glasby Comments on distributionIslands records outside of Kermadec Zealand and/or New Australia, Philippines, South China Sea (ABRS, 2012). Not Western et al . (2009). & Read (2009) or Glasby listed in Glasby French Australia, West and east East Indian Ocean, South Pacific. & Read (2009) or (ABRS, 2012). Not listed in Glasby Polynesia et al . (2009). Glasby & Read Australia (ABRS, 2012). Not listed in Glasby Western et al . (2009). (2009) or Glasby WoRMS, Zealand (ABRS, 2012; Mozambique, New Madagascar, 2012). Australia, Caribbean Sea, Europe, Panama, including Widespread 2012). Not WoRMS, Africa (ABRS, 2012; Mozambique, South et al . (2009). & Read (2009) or Glasby listed in Glasby & Read (2009) or Australia (ABRS, 2012). Not listed in Glasby et al . (2009). Glasby & Read (2009) or Australia (ABRS, 2012). Not listed in Glasby et al . (2009). Glasby Australia Angola and Mozambique, Red Sea, Africa, South et & Read (2009) or Glasby (ABRS, 2012). Not listed in Glasby al . (2009). ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! * Indication of previously known records from Zealand New L’Esperance L’Esperance Rock K2011-98 to K2011-100 + Cheeseman and Curtis Islands K2011-75 to K2011-97 + + Macauley Macauley Island K2011-66 to K2011-74 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Raoul and satellite islands K2011-2 to K2011-65 (Hartmann-Schröeder, 1979) (Hartmann-Schröeder, Syllis broomensis 1962) Syllis cf. filidentata (Hartmann-Schröeder, Syllis cf. mexicana (Rioja, 1960) Syllis setoensis Imajima, 1966 aeolis Langerhans, 1879 Trypanosyllis (Grube, 1878) Haplosyllis uncinigera (Hartmann- Myrianida australiensis 1982) Schröeder, & Cameron, 1970 Nudisyllis cf. tinihekea Knox San Martin & Odontosyllis marombibooral Hutchings, 2006 (Schmarda, 1861) Odontosyllis polycera Opisthosyllis brunnea (Langerhans, 1879) Opisthosyllis cf. brunnea (Langerhans, 1879) (Hartmann- magnoculata Prosphaerosyllis 1986) Schröeder, 1913) Salvatoria quadrioculata (Augener, 1953 capensis Day, Sphaerosyllis Ehlers, 1897 hirsuta Sphaerosyllis Classification/Distribution Marine Invertebrates Collected during the Kermadec Biodiscovery Expedition 2011 271 . (2009) as an adventive species. et al . (2009) as an adventive Listed in Glasby (2009) as & Kupriyanova ten Hove Distribution recorded by probably Pacific Atlantic; records from Indo-West Mediterranean, themselves. of species by complex Not listed in Glasby & Read (2009) or Glasby et al . (2009) but & Read (2009) or Glasby Not listed in Glasby & Harris (2010) record the type locality as New Tovar-Hernández Zealand. Comments on distributionIslands records outside of Kermadec Zealand and/or New Australia. (ABRS, Cosmopolitan in temperate and tropical seas, et al . (2009). & Read (2009) or Glasby 2012). Not listed in Glasby ! * * Indication of previously known records from Zealand New + + + + L’Esperance L’Esperance Rock K2011-98 to K2011-100 + + + Cheeseman and Curtis Islands K2011-75 to K2011-97 + + + + Macauley Macauley Island K2011-66 to K2011-74 + + + + + + + + + + + + + Raoul and satellite islands K2011-2 to K2011-65 (Philippi, 1844) cf. polytremus Spirobranchus Order: SCOLECIDA CAPITELLIDAE Family: ? sp. Scyphoproctus MALDANIDAE Family: Family: SERPULIDAE Family: Salmacina sp. Serpula cf. japonica Imajima, 1979 Serpula sp. ? sp. Spiraserpula sp. Spirobranchus (Philippi, 1844) polytremus Spirobranchus (Grube, 1860) zebra Trypanosyllis Order: SABELLIDA SABELLIDAE Family: 1986) Amphicorina cf. cincta (Hartmann-Schröder, (Rouse, 1990) Amphicorina cf. brevicollaris Amphiglena sp. sp. Branchiomma 1926) (Augener, aberrans Parasabella Classification/Distribution 272 Stephen J. Keable & Amanda L. Reid Comments on distributionIslands records outside of Kermadec Zealand and/or New ! ! ! ! ! Indication of previously known records from Zealand New L’Esperance L’Esperance Rock K2011-98 to K2011-100 + + Cheeseman and Curtis Islands K2011-75 to K2011-97 + + + + Macauley Macauley Island K2011-66 to K2011-74 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Raoul and satellite islands K2011-2 to K2011-65 (juvenile or damaged) (juvenile TEREBELLIDAE TEREBELLIDA Family: MYZOSTOMIDAE Family: INCERTAE SEDIS Order: INCERTAE POLYGORDIIDAE Family: Family: ORBINIIDAE Family: sp. Protoariciella SCALIBREGMATIDAE Family: Hyboscolex sp. Order: SPIONIDA CHAETOPTERIDAE Family: sp. Mesochaetopterus SPIONIDAE Family: Dispio sp. sp. Microspio ? sp. Microspio Prionospio sp. Scolelepis sp. Order: Family: sp. Eupolymnia Loimia sp. Family: OPHELIIDAE Family: sp. Polyophthalmus Classification/Distribution Marine Invertebrates Collected during the Kermadec Biodiscovery Expedition 2011 273 pers. comm. ). pers. Reported in Child (1998) and WoRMS (2012) from Three Kings Three Kings (2012) from WoRMS Reported in Child (1998) and but not listed in Sirvid et al. (2010). Zealand, Is, New Malaysia (C. Arango, Zealand Exclusive Is, New Campbell Plateau, Kerguelen America, Southern Ocean, Economic Zone, Scotia Sea, South 2012). da Cunha (WoRMS, Tristan Australia, Campbell Plateau, New Zealand Exclusive Economic Zealand Exclusive Australia, Campbell Plateau, New WesternPacific South Pacific, West America, Zone, South 2012). (WoRMS, from type locality on the Norfolk Ridge only known Previously (ABRS, 2012). this is the most northern 2012). Possibly Circumpolar (WoRMS, ). comm. Arango, pers. record for the species (C. These records from the Ocean. distributed in the Pacific Widely for the species (C. Is are the most southernKermadec known comm. ). Arango, pers. Comments on distributionIslands records outside of Kermadec Zealand and/or New ! ! ! ! * * Indication of previously known records from Zealand New L’Esperance L’Esperance Rock K2011-98 to K2011-100 + + + + Cheeseman and Curtis Islands K2011-75 to K2011-97 + + Macauley Macauley Island K2011-66 to K2011-74 + + + + + + + Raoul and satellite islands K2011-2 to K2011-65 ANYSTYLIDAE ARTHROPODA AMMOTHEIDAE ANOPLODACTYLIDAE AUSTRODECIDAE ACHELIIDAE Family: T Family: neorhetum Marcus, 1940 Tanystylum CALLIPALLENIDAE Family: 1992 Mueller, Cheilopallene coralliophila Family: Family: 1998 Child, Ammothea acheliata Family: (Hodgson, 1914) Anoplodactylus australis (Hodgson, Anoplodactylus cf. australis to the 1914) (material has a colour difference described species) Cole, 1904 Anoplodactylus erectus Family: Stock, 1954 gordonae Austrodecus Phylum: Phylum: CHELICERATA Subphylum: Class: PYCNOGONIDA Family: 1885) assimilis (Haswell, Achelia Classification/Distribution 274 Stephen J. Keable & Amanda L. Reid New Zealand Exclusive Economic Zone (WoRMS, 2012). Economic Zone (WoRMS, Zealand Exclusive New (ITIS, 2014). Hawaii Temperate, cosmopolitan (ABRS, 2012). Temperate, Comments on distributionIslands records outside of Kermadec Zealand and/or New Arango, pers. localities (C. Pacific Moorea and other Indo-West comm. ). Arango, pers. localities (C. Pacific Moorea and other Indo-West comm. ). 2012). Australia (WoRMS, Eastern Zealand south to the Snares, Australia, New eastern Madagascar, de Cunha, Chile (ABRS, 2012). Tristan ! ! ! ! * * Indication of previously known records from Zealand New + + + + + + L’Esperance L’Esperance Rock K2011-98 to K2011-100 + + + + + + + Cheeseman and Curtis Islands K2011-75 to K2011-97 + + + Macauley Macauley Island K2011-66 to K2011-74 + + + + + + + + + + + + Raoul and satellite islands K2011-2 to K2011-65 AMPELISCIDAE AMPHILOCHIDAE AMPITHOIDAE AORIDAE AMPHIPODA Family: COLOMASTIGIDAE Family: 1970 Colomastix kapiolani Barnard, sp. Caprellina 1990 Müller, cf. polynesica Pseudaeginella CEINIDAE Family: (Chilton, 1883) Ceina egregia Child, 1970 nesiotes Child, Tanystylum 1970 Child, rehderi Tanystylum CRUSTACEA Subphylum: Class: MALACOSTRACA Order: Suborder: GAMMARIDEA Family: Family: Family: 1879) Plumithoe quadrimana (Haswell, Ampithoidae? Family: 1845 typica Krøyer, Aora CAPRELLIDAE Family: 1818 Say, equilibra Caprella Classification/Distribution Marine Invertebrates Collected during the Kermadec Biodiscovery Expedition 2011 275 New Zealand (Chatham Is and South I.) (Bopiah & Hughes, 2013). New report Norfolk I. (Bopiah & Hughes, 2013). First from Kermadec Bopiah & Hughes (2013) based on Zealand by Is and New material recorded here. Comments on distributionIslands records outside of Kermadec Zealand and/or New Is. Australia, Cocos (Keeling) Caledonia, Fiji, Norfolk I., New report Is and (Bopiah & Hughes, 2013). First from Kermadec Bopiah & Hughes (2013) based on material Zealand by New recorded here. ! ! ! ! * Indication of previously known records from Zealand New + + + + + L’Esperance L’Esperance Rock K2011-98 to K2011-100 + + + + + + Cheeseman and Curtis Islands K2011-75 to K2011-97 + + + + + + + Macauley Macauley Island K2011-66 to K2011-74 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Raoul and satellite islands K2011-2 to K2011-65 YSIANASSIDAE Family: MEGALUROPIDAE Family: Megaluropidae? MELITIDAE Family: Mallacoota sirius Hughes, 2011 sp. Quadrimaera DEXAMINIDAE Family: EUSIRIDAE? Family: HYALIDAE Family: Hyalidae? ISCHYROCERIDAE Family: LEUCOTHOIDAE Family: LILJEBORGIIDAE Family: L Family: sp. Parawaldeckia Pseudambasia sp. Webber (as Melitidae in MAERIDAE Family: et al . (2010)) Elasmopus sp. & Hughes, Mallacoota capricornia Lowry 2009 2011 Ahyong, & Kilgallen Mallacoota chiltoni Classification/Distribution 276 Stephen J. Keable & Amanda L. Reid New Zealand endemic (Webber et al ., 2010). Zealand endemic (Webber New Zealand been reported from New The genus has not previously et al ., 2010). (Webber Zealand been reported from New The genus has not previously et al ., 2010). (Webber Zealand been reported from New The genus has not previously to represent a new et al ., 2010) and the material is likely (Webber comm. ). pers. species (S. Gerken, New Zealand endemic (Webber et al ., 2010). Zealand endemic (Webber New Comments on distributionIslands records outside of Kermadec Zealand and/or New ! ! ! ! * * Indication of previously known records from Zealand New + + + L’Esperance L’Esperance Rock K2011-98 to K2011-100 + + + + Cheeseman and Curtis Islands K2011-75 to K2011-97 + + + Macauley Macauley Island K2011-66 to K2011-74 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Raoul and satellite islands K2011-2 to K2011-65 WANDINIDAE TALITRIDAE Podocerus sp. Podocerus SEBIDAE Family: Seba sp. STENOTHOIDAE Family: Family: sp. Platorchestia Family: Pseudocyphocaris sp. Suborder: HYPERIDEA Order: CUMACEA NANNASTACIDAE Family: Nannastacus sp. Family: PODOCERIDAE Family: 1972 Barnard, J.L. wanganui Podocerus Family: PHOTIDAE Family: Photidae? PHOXOCEPHALIDAE Family: PLEUSTIDAE Family: Family: PHLIANTIDAE Family: Iphinotus typicus Classification/Distribution Marine Invertebrates Collected during the Kermadec Biodiscovery Expedition 2011 277 New Zealand Exclusive Economic Zone (WoRMS, 2012). Economic Zone (WoRMS, Zealand Exclusive New Australia; Great Barrier Archipelago, south western Abrohlos WoRMS, Caledonia (ABRS, 2012; Australia; New Reef, eastern Webber Zealand based on a check of record for New 2012). New et al . (2010). Australia, Cook Is., including Pacific tropical southwest Widespread record for New Guinea (ABRS, 2012). New New and Papua Fiji et al . (2010). Webber Zealand based on a check of Zealand from New The genus has not been recorded previously et al ., 2010). (Webber Comments on distributionIslands records outside of Kermadec Zealand and/or New Zealand or Fiji from New known Not a species previously comm. ). pers. Poore, (G.C.B. ! ! ! ! * Indication of previously known records from Zealand New + + + + L’Esperance L’Esperance Rock K2011-98 to K2011-100 + + + Cheeseman and Curtis Islands K2011-75 to K2011-97 + + Macauley Macauley Island K2011-66 to K2011-74 + + + + + + + + + + + + Raoul and satellite islands K2011-2 to K2011-65 AEGIDAE ANTHURIDAE EXPANATHURIDAE EXPANATHURIDAE Family: 1981) & Kensley, (Poore ardea Expanathura 1979) collaris (Kensley, Expanathura JANIRIDAE Family: sp. Ianiropsis sp. 1 Ianiropsis sp. 3 Ianiropsis sp. Janaira sp. 2 cf. Rostrobagatus JOEROPSIDIDAE Family: sp. 1 Joeropsis sp. 2 Joeropsis sp. 3 Joeropsis Order: ISOPODA Family: Family: sp. Mesanthura BOPYRIDAE Family: CIROLANIDAE Family: 1921 Eurydice subtruncata ? Tattersall, Classification/Distribution 278 Stephen J. Keable & Amanda L. Reid Thomson, 1879 the only species in the genusNebalia longicornis Thomson, 1879 the only Comments on distributionIslands records outside of Kermadec Zealand and/or New Zealand or Fiji from New known Not a species previously comm. ). pers. Poore, (G.C.B. Not ). comm. pers. Ahyong, Zealand (S. recorded from New See Bird (2015). See Bird (2015). ! ! ! ! Indication of previously known records from Zealand New + + + + + L’Esperance L’Esperance Rock K2011-98 to K2011-100 + + + Cheeseman and Curtis Islands K2011-75 to K2011-97 + + + + Macauley Macauley Island K2011-66 to K2011-74 + + + + + + + + + + + Raoul and satellite islands K2011-2 to K2011-65 APSEUDIDAE (see Bird, 2015). (see Bird, TANAIDACEA Joeropsis sp. 4 Joeropsis PARAMUNNIDAE Family: sp. Paramunna PARANTHURIDAE Family: sp. Paranthura SANTIIDAE Family: sp. Halacarsantia Santia sp. SPHAEROMATIDAE Family: STENETRIIDAE Family: Stenetriidae sp. 1 Stenetriidae sp. 2 Stenetriidae sp. 3 Order: LEPTOSTRACA NEBALIIDAE Family: Nebalia sp. Order: Family: n. sp. Paradoxapseudes LEPTOCHELIIDAE Family: n. sp. Leptochelia Classification/Distribution Marine Invertebrates Collected during the Kermadec Biodiscovery Expedition 2011 279 Comments on distributionIslands records outside of Kermadec Zealand and/or New See Bird (2015). See Bird (2015). or New Australia, Indo-Pacific from Not a species known Zealand. Insufficient material (one specimen) for proper analysis comm. ). See Bird (2015). pers. (G. Bird, See Bird (2015). Zealand Exclusive New Kenya, Gulf of Maine, Mexico, Economic Zone Economic Zone, United Kingdom Exclusive 2012). (WoRMS, Economic Zone Zealand Exclusive New Kenya, Gulf of Mexico, 2012). (WoRMS, Kenya, Gulf of Maine, Mexico, European waters, Atlantic West Economic Zone, North Zealand Exclusive New 2012). (WoRMS, ! ! ! ! Indication of previously known records from Zealand New + L’Esperance L’Esperance Rock K2011-98 to K2011-100 + Cheeseman and Curtis Islands K2011-75 to K2011-97 + + Macauley Macauley Island K2011-66 to K2011-74 + + + + + + + + + + Raoul and satellite islands K2011-2 to K2011-65 TANAIDAE ACARTIIDAE Family: PARATANAIDAE Family: n. sp. Aparatanais Metatanais n. sp. Family: sp. Tanais Zeuxo n. sp. Class: MAXILLOPODA Subclass: COPEPODA Order: CALANOIDA Family: Dana, 1849 Acartia negligens CALANIDAE Family: Cosmocalanus darwinii (Lubbock, 1860) Nannocalanus minor (Claus, 1863) CLAUSOCALANIDAE Family: Clausocalanus sp. EUCHAETIDAE Family: LUCICUTIIDAE Family: Lucicutia cf. flavicornis (Claus, 1863) Classification/Distribution 280 Stephen J. Keable &and Amanda Amanda L. ReidL. Reid European waters, FAO fishing area 67, Gulf of Maine, FAO European waters, Economic Zone, North East Zealand Exclusive New Mexico, 2012). Economic Zone (WoRMS, Turkish Exclusive Pacific, Zealand recorded from New The genus has not been previously et al ., 2010). (Webber Comments on distributionIslands records outside of Kermadec Zealand and/or New New Kenya, Gulf of Maine, Mexico, European waters, Economic Zone, United Kingdom Exclusive Zealand Exclusive 2012). Economic (WoRMS, Zealand recorded from New The genus has not been previously et al. , 2010). (Webber ! ! * Indication of previously known records from Zealand New + + L’Esperance L’Esperance Rock K2011-98 to K2011-100 + Cheeseman and Curtis Islands K2011-75 to K2011-97 Macauley Macauley Island K2011-66 to K2011-74 + + + + + + + + Raoul and satellite islands K2011-2 to K2011-65 Family: Unknown (juveniles) Unknown Family: Order: CYCLOPOIDA CORYCAEIDAE Family: Corycaeus sp. O NCAEIDAE Family: Oncaea sp. SAPPHIRINIDAE Family: Sapphirina sp. Order: HARPACTICOIDA LAOPHONTIDAE Family: ) insularis or tongariki Coullia sp. (aff. Laophonte sp. ( cornuta -group?) Laophontinae sp. 1 Family: METRIDINIDAE Family: 1929 piseki Farran, Pleuromamma sp. Pleuromamma PARACALANIDAE Family: gibber ? Giesbrecht, 1888 Acrocalanus Thompson, clausi 1888 Mecynocera Classification/Distribution Marine Invertebrates Collected during the Kermadec Biodiscovery Expedition 2011 281 Cosmopolitan from warm temperate and tropical coasts. The only The only temperate and tropical coasts. Cosmopolitan from warm has been as variability but requires revision species in the family comm. ). pers. Wells, (J. noted but not analysed Ocean Arctic from the known only Monospecific genus previously There is some Atlantic approaches, and from South Korea. and its requires areas which geographic in material from different variability to determineintra- if it represents further investigation or inter- ). comm. Wells, pers. variation (J. specific caudal ramus and undoubtedly Material has a distinctive comm. ). pers. Wells, represents an undescribed species (J. Zealand recorded from New The genus has not been previously et al ., 2010). (Webber Zealand recorded from New The genus has not been previously et al ., 2010). (Webber Comments on distributionIslands records outside of Kermadec Zealand and/or New ! ! ! ! * Indication of previously known records from Zealand New + + + + + + L’Esperance L’Esperance Rock K2011-98 to K2011-100 Cheeseman and Curtis Islands K2011-75 to K2011-97 Macauley Macauley Island K2011-66 to K2011-74 + + + + + + Raoul and satellite islands K2011-2 to K2011-65 THALESTRIDAE TISBIDAE Family: MIRACIIDAE Family: Amphiascopsis cinctus ? (Claus, 1866) (Sars Dactylopodamphiascopsis latifolius 1909) G.O., Diosaccinae sp. parvus ? (Sars, 1906) Sarsamphiascus ? sp. Sarsamphiascus PORCELLIDIIDAE Family: n. sp. Porcellidium Family: 1940 Eudactylopus striatus ? Sewell, ? (Claus, 1863) mysis Phyllothalestris Family: sp. Tisbe et (Webber Order: POECILOSTOMATOIDA al . (2010) note that some authorities place this taxon within the Order Cyclopoida). Family: L OURINIIDAE Family: Lourinia armata (Claus, 1866) Classification/Distribution 282 Stephen J. Keable & Amanda L. Reid M. tintinnabulum linzei. Not et al . (2010) as M. tintinnabulum Listed in Webber Listed in Webber & (2012) but Duffy WoRMS (2015) or Ahyong & listed in Duffy . tintinnabulum (2015) list M. tintinnabulum Ahyong Australia. Zealand recorded from New The genus has not been previously et al ., 2010). (Webber Zealand recorded from New The genus has not been previously et al ., 2010). (Webber European waters, Gulf of Maine, Gulf of Mexico, New Zealand New Gulf of Maine, Mexico, European waters, Atlantic, Red Economic Zone, NorthWest Sea, North Exclusive 2012). Africa (WoRMS, Sea, South North Gulf of Maine, Mexico, East European waters, et al . Webber 2012). Atlantic (WoRMS, West Atlantic, North Zealand records of this species from New (2010) note previous become naturalised. but indicate it does not seem to have waters Comments on distributionIslands records outside of Kermadec Zealand and/or New ! ! ! * Indication of previously known records from Zealand New L’Esperance L’Esperance Rock K2011-98 to K2011-100 + + + Cheeseman and Curtis Islands K2011-75 to K2011-97 + Macauley Macauley Island K2011-66 to K2011-74 + + + + + + + + Raoul and satellite islands K2011-2 to K2011-65 THECOSTRACA TETRACLITIDAE Family: Family: (Krauss, 1848) rosea Tesseropora Class: OSTRACODA Order: MYODOCOPIDA CYLINDROLEBERIDIDAE Family: 1965 dentata Poulsen, aff. Archasterope sp. Archasterope 1880 ? Brady, quadrata Parasterope sp. Parasterope PHILOMEDIDAE Family: Harbansus sp. Linnaeus, 1767 Lepas anserifera BALANIDAE Family: 1978) linzei (Foster, Megabalanus Order: SIPHONOSTOMATOIDA Subclass: Infraclass: CIRRIPEDIA Order: LEPADIFORMES LEPADIDAE Family: Linnaeus, 1758 Lepas anatifera Classification/Distribution Marine Invertebrates Collected during the Kermadec Biodiscovery Expedition 2011 283 Previously reported 2013). Is. (Bryozoa.net, from Kermadec Previously pers. comm. ). Gordon, pers. Is. (D. generic record for Kermadec New Tropical Pacific, including Korea, Colombia and Australia Korea, Colombia and including Pacific, Tropical (Bryozoa.net, 2013). Australia Chatham I., south eastern including Zealand region New (Bryozoa.net, 2013). See Chinn (2015). Comments on distributionIslands records outside of Kermadec Zealand and/or New et Zealand (Webber reported from New Australia. Not previously al ., 2010). ! * * * Indication of previously known records from Zealand New L’Esperance L’Esperance Rock K2011-98 to K2011-100 + Cheeseman and Curtis Islands K2011-75 to K2011-97 + + + Macauley Macauley Island K2011-66 to K2011-74 + + + + + + + + + Raoul and satellite islands K2011-2 to K2011-65 Gordon, 1984 ovicellata Brettiella Uttley & Bullivant, 1972 & Bullivant, Beania pluripinosa Uttley BUGULIDAE Family: ciliata (Linnaeus, 1758) Bicellariella aff. Phylum: BRYOZOA Phylum: BEANIIDAE Family: Tilbrook, 2006 Beania lagenula Family: POLYCOPIDAE Family: sp. Polycope sp. 3 Polycope ? sp. Polycopsis Myodocopid? Order: PODOCOPIDA BAIRDIIDAE Family: (Chapman, 1914) Neonesidea australis CANDONIDAE Family: sp. Tasmanocypris ? sp. Tasmanocypris HEXAPODA Subphylum: Class: INSECTA Order: HEMIPTERA GERRIDAE Family: Halobates sp. Classification/Distribution 284 Stephen J. Keable & Amanda L. Reid ). comm. Gordon, pers. Is. (D. generic record for Kermadec New Zealand (Bryozoa.net, 2013). Ocean, New Pacific Australia (Bryozoa.net, 2013). 2013). Australia (Bryozoa.net, South eastern pers. comm. ). Gordon, pers. Is. (D. generic record for Kermadec New Australia (Bryozoa.net, 2013). Comments on distributionIslands records outside of Kermadec Zealand and/or New ! ! * * * * Indication of previously known records from Zealand New + L’Esperance L’Esperance Rock K2011-98 to K2011-100 Cheeseman and Curtis Islands K2011-75 to K2011-97 + + + + + + Macauley Macauley Island K2011-66 to K2011-74 + + + + + + Raoul and satellite islands K2011-2 to K2011-65 ACTINIIDAE ACTINARIA ANTHOZOA Family: HORMATHIIDAE Family: Calliactis sp. ISOPHELLIDAE Family: Epiphellia sp. Family: STEGINOPORELLIDAE Family: 1900 Harmer, magnifica Steginoporella CNIDARIA Phylum: Class: Order: Family: n. sp. Phlyctenanthus Family: LICHENOPORIDAE Family: 1853) (d’Orbigny, novaehollandiae Disporella ROBERTSONIDRIDAE Family: n. sp. Robertsonidra Family: CRIBRILINIDAE Family: 1992 Ryland & Hayward, vulgaris Puellina aff. CRISIIDAE Family: 1869) Bicrisia biciliata (MacGillivray, Family: CELLEPORIDAE Family: n. sp. Predanophora Family: CANDIDAE Family: Hastings, 1939 Emma watersi Classification/Distribution Marine Invertebrates Collected during the Kermadec Biodiscovery Expedition 2011 285 is endemic to New Zealand (Cairns et is endemic to New chnous Balanophyllia been recorded from 140–549 only al. , 2009) but has previously Is., confirmationmetres depth and not from the Kermedec of the comm. ). identification is needed (Z. Richards, pers. Indo-West Pacific including the Chagos Archipelago, including the Chagos Pacific Indo-West Africa and the South Mascarene Basin, Mozambique, Seychelles, 2012). Economic Zone (WoRMS, Zealand Exclusive New Comments on distributionIslands records outside of Kermadec Zealand and/or New Zealand Exclusive including the New Central Indo-Pacific 2012). Further of examination Economic Zone (WoRMS, additional specimens is needed to separate the material reported comm. ) here from M. caliculata (Dana, 1846) (Z. Richards, pers. 2012). distribution (WoRMS, also has a Central Indo-Pacific which * * * Indication of previously known records from Zealand New + L’Esperance L’Esperance Rock K2011-98 to K2011-100 + + Cheeseman and Curtis Islands K2011-75 to K2011-97 + + + Macauley Macauley Island K2011-66 to K2011-74 + + + + + + + Raoul and satellite islands K2011-2 to K2011-65 ALCYONIIDAE ACANTHOGORGIIDAE ACROPORIDAE ALCYONACEA ANTIPATHARIA Family: DENDROPHYLLIIDAE Family: Squires, 1962 cf. chnous Balanophyllia Order: Family: Cladiella sp. A Cladiella sp. B Cladiella sp. C Cladiella sp. D Order: MYRIOPATHIDAE Family: sp. Cupressopathes 1909) Myriopathes cf. lata (Silberfeld, Order: GORGONACEA Family: sp. A Acanthogorgia Order: SCLERACTINIA Family: 1985 capricornis Veron, Montipora 1897 Bernard, spongodes Montipora Classification/Distribution 286 Stephen J. Keable & Amanda L. Reid Indo-West Pacific (WoRMS, 2012). (WoRMS, Pacific Indo-West (1914) as Stuckey the same taxon as that recorded by Possibly comm. ). pers. Sinniger, (F. Zoanthus atroviridis Comments on distributionIslands records outside of Kermadec Zealand and/or New spelling of 2012). Note alternative (WoRMS, Pacific Indo-West (Cairns et al ., 2009). genus name as Tubastraea Africa, East Indian Ocean, Kenya, Archipelago, East Chagos Economic Zone, Pacific Zealand Exclusive Mozambique, New 2012). Coast of the United States, Somalia (WoRMS, 2012). (WoRMS, Central Indo-Pacific (Australian Institute of Pacific Indo-West Tropical–temperate Marine Science, 2012). 2012). Furtherexamination of (WoRMS, Pacific Indo-West additional specimens is needed to separate the material reported Brook (1999) (Z. 1985 as reported by Veron, here from H. pilosa comm. ). Richards, pers. 2012). (WoRMS, Indo-Pacific Zealand endemic (Cairns et al ., 2009). Material reportedNew by Brook recorded here confirms the distribution tentatively of the genus is needed (Z. Richards, pers. (1999) but revision comm. ). Indication of previously known records from Zealand New L’Esperance L’Esperance Rock K2011-98 to K2011-100 Cheeseman and Curtis Islands K2011-75 to K2011-97 + Macauley Macauley Island K2011-66 to K2011-74 + + + + + + + + Raoul and satellite islands K2011-2 to K2011-65 (as Zoanthidea in Order: ZOANTHARIA Cairns et al. (2009)) (as Zoanthidae in SPHENOPIDAE Family: Cairns et al. (2009)) sp. Palythoa Tubastrea diaphana (Dana, 1846) Tubastrea (Dana, 1846) frondens Turbinaria FAVIIDAE Family: favulus (Dana, 1846) Goniastrea curta (Dana, 1946) Montastrea MERULINIDAE Family: 1766) exesa (Pallas, Hydnophora POCILLOPORIDAE Family: damicornis (Linnaeus, 1758) Pocillopora RHIZANGIIDAE Family: 1833) & Gaimard, Culicia rubeola (Quoy SIDERASTREIDAE Family: columna (Dana 1846) Coscinaraea Classification/Distribution Marine Invertebrates Collected during the Kermadec Biodiscovery Expedition 2011 287 European waters, Gulf of Mexico, Mediterranean Sea, North West Mediterranean Gulf of Mexico, West Sea, NorthEuropean waters, as Hebella scandens ). Africa (WoRMS Atlantic, South Brazil, European waters, Gulf of Mexico, Mediterranean Gulf of Mexico, Sea, Brazil, European waters, Atlantic, West Economic Zone, North Zealand Exclusive New 2012). Red Sea, Ionian Sea (WoRMS, (2015). See Watson (ERMS Economic Zone, European waters Azores Exclusive 2012). Atlantic (WoRMS, West Northscope), Gulf of Mexico Atlantic (WoRMS, West North Gulf of Mexico, European waters, 2012). Gulf of Mexico, Indo-West Pacific, New Zealand Exclusive Zealand Exclusive New Pacific, Indo-West Gulf of Mexico, 2012). Economic Zone, Red Sea (WoRMS, Comments on distributionIslands records outside of Kermadec Zealand and/or New Gulf of Mexico; Circum-equitorial; European waters; recorded 2012). Previously Africa (WoRMS, Mozambique; South (1914) as I. Stuckey Is. by from the Kermadec fuscus Stuckey, Cairns et al . (2009) although I. This species is not listed by 1914. sp. is listed. 2012). Ocean (WoRMS, Pacific West South ! ! * * * Indication of previously known records from Zealand New + + + + L’Esperance L’Esperance Rock K2011-98 to K2011-100 Cheeseman and Curtis Islands K2011-75 to K2011-97 + Macauley Macauley Island K2011-66 to K2011-74 + + + + Raoul and satellite islands K2011-2 to K2011-65 AGLAOPHENIIDAE Family: HALECIIDAE Family: Halecium n. sp. Halecium tenellum (Hincks, 1861) HALOPTERIDIDAE Family: 1859 quadridens McCrady, Monostaechas HEBELLIDAE Family: Hebellopsis scandens (Bale, 1888) Family: CAMPANULARIIDAE Family: 1890) linearis (Thornely, Clytia Family: ZOANTHIDAE Family: 1828 Gray, Isaurus tuberculatus 2015) Watson, (see Class: HYDROZOA Order: LEPTOTHECATA Family: Aglaophenia laxa (Allman, 1876) Gymnangium hians (Busk, 1852) Classification/Distribution 288 Stephen J. Keable & Amanda L. Reid New Zealand Exclusive Economic Zone, South West Pacific Ocean. Pacific West Economic Zone, South Zealand Exclusive New (ABRS, 2012). Pacific Southwest (ABRS, 2012). Indo-Pacific (ABRS, 2012). Indo-Pacific Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, New Zealand Exclusive Zealand Exclusive New Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, 2012). Ocean (WoRMS, Economic Zone, Pacific European waters, Gulf of Mexico, Indo-West Pacific, Pacific, Indo-West Gulf of Mexico, European waters, Economic Zone, Mediterranean Zealand Exclusive Sea, New 2012). Atlantic (WoRMS, North Gulf of Economic Zone, European waters, Azores Exclusive West Economic Zone, North Zealand Exclusive New Mexico, Africa, United Kingdom Exclusive Atlantic, Red Sea, South 2012). Economic Zone (WoRMS, 2012). Not listed in Cairns et al . (2009). Circum-global (WoRMS, Comments on distributionIslands records outside of Kermadec Zealand and/or New ! * * * Indication of previously known records from Zealand New + + + + L’Esperance L’Esperance Rock K2011-98 to K2011-100 Cheeseman and Curtis Islands K2011-75 to K2011-97 Macauley Macauley Island K2011-66 to K2011-74 + + + + + + Raoul and satellite islands K2011-2 to K2011-65 ASTERIIDAE ASTROPECTINIDAE ACANTHASTERIDAE VALVATIDA ASTEROIDEA Symplectoscyphus sp. ECHINODERMATA Phylum: Class: Order: FORCIPULATIDA Family: 1875) (Perrier, rodolphi Astrostole Order: PAXILLOSIDA Family: 1842 Troschel, Müller & polyacanthus Astropecten Order: Family: Acanthaster planci (Linnaeus, 1758) (Allman, 1876) integra Sertularella Family: PLUMULARIIDAE Family: Plumularia setacea (Linnaeus, 1758) SERTULARIIDAE Family: 1786) Dynamena quadridentata (Ellis & Solander, diaphana (Allman, 1885) Sertularella Family: LAFOEIDAE Family: 1879) (Clarke, serratum Filellum Classification/Distribution Marine Invertebrates Collected during the Kermadec Biodiscovery Expedition 2011 289 Endemic to Kermadec Is (WoRMS, 2012). Is (WoRMS, Endemic to Kermadec 2012). Economic Zone (WoRMS, Zealand Exclusive New been reported from the has previously afra Tropiometra 2014) and has a tropical Indo- Ahyong, & Is (Duffy Kermadec Fremantle distribution including the Philippines to Pacific I. Australia and Lord Howe Rock eastern Australia, Fish Western ABRS, 2012). 2012; (WoRMS, (ABRS, 2012). Indo-Pacific (ABRS, 2012). Pacific West Australia to south western Australia, north and west Southeastern (ABRS, 2012). Comments on distributionIslands records outside of Kermadec Zealand and/or New (ABRS, 2012). Pacific Southwest Indication of previously known records from Zealand New + + L’Esperance L’Esperance Rock K2011-98 to K2011-100 + + Cheeseman and Curtis Islands K2011-75 to K2011-97 + Macauley Macauley Island K2011-66 to K2011-74 + + + + + + + + + + Raoul and satellite islands K2011-2 to K2011-65 TROPIOMETRIDAE TOXOPNEUSTIDAE ASTERINIDAE ASTEROPSEIDAE Family: OPHIDIASTERIDAE Family: Ophidiaster kermadecensis Benham, 1911 PORANIIDAE Family: sp. Marginaster Class: CRINOIDEA Order: COMATULIDA Family: (Hartlaub, 1890) cf. afra Tropiometra Class: ECHINOIDEA (as Echinoida in Order: CAMARODONTA Mah et al . (2009)) ECHINOMETRIDAE Family: 1825) mathaei (Blainville, Echinometra (Lamarck, 1816) Heliocidaris tuberculata Family: (Linnaeus, 1758) gratilla Tripneustes Family: Family: sp. Asterina/Patriella oliveri (Benham, 1911) Patiriella ? sp. Patiriella Family: 1897) imperialis (Farquhar, Petricia Classification/Distribution 290 Stephen J. Keable & Amanda L. Reid Stewart I. and Bay of Islands, New Zealand. of Islands, New I. and Bay Stewart Sea; western Tasman Australia; Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs, Ocean (ABRS, 2012). Not listed in Pacific West Indian Ocean, (2015) or Mah et al . (2009). Ahyong & Duffy Southern Australia and mainland New Zealand. Australia and mainland New Southern Duffy & Ahyong (2015) record references to Diadema sp. from Ahyong & Duffy Australia, Norfolk and Lord Is., south easternthe Kermadec Zealand (ABRS, 2012). Is., mainland New Howe Is. from Kermadec only Known Comments on distributionIslands records outside of Kermadec Zealand and/or New North east to south east Australia (ABRS, 2012). North east to south Australia (ABRS, 2012). Zealand and south eastern Mainland New ! ! * * * Indication of previously known records from Zealand New + L’Esperance L’Esperance Rock K2011-98 to K2011-100 + + + Cheeseman and Curtis Islands K2011-75 to K2011-97 + + + Macauley Macauley Island K2011-66 to K2011-74 + + + + + + + + Raoul and satellite islands K2011-2 to K2011-65 Tension Woods, 1880 Woods, Tension AMPHIURIDAE APODIDA Class: OPHIUROIDEA Order: OPHIURIDA Family: Amphipholis n. sp. 1 Amphipholis n. sp. 2 OPHIACTIDAE Family: Marktanner- Ophiactis macrolepidota 1887 Turneretscher, O’Loughlin & Alcock, 2000 Pseudocnus sentus O’Loughlin & Class: HOLOTHUROIDEA Order: CHIRIDOTIDAE Family: Chiridota kermadeca O’Loughlin & 2012 Vandenspiegel, Order: DENDROCHIROTIDA CUCUMARIIDAE Family: ignavus (Ludwig, 1874) Plesiocolochirus Order: CIDAROIDA CIDARIDAE Family: Classification/Distribution parvispinus Phyllacanthus Order: DIADEMATOIDA DIADEMATIDAE Family: 1863) (Agassiz, rodgersii Centrostephanus 1967 Diadema palmeri Baker, Marine Invertebrates Collected during the Kermadec Biodiscovery Expedition 2011 291 New Zealand. New Zealand. New Cavalli Is, New Zealand; Norfolk I. Is, New Cavalli pers. comm. ), appears on Stöhr et al . (2010) O’Hara pers. Norfolk I. (T. as Ophiothrix oliveri Benham, 1911 with distribution of New Economic Zone. Zealand Exclusive & (ABRS, 2012). Not listed in Duffy to central Pacific Indo-West (2015) or Mah et al . (2009). Ahyong Kermadec endemic. Kermadec Australia; Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs to Lord Howe I., Australia; Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs to Lord Howe Zealand (ABRS, 2012). Not listed in Sea; mainland New Tasman (2015). Ahyong & Duffy Comments on distributionIslands records outside of Kermadec Zealand and/or New ! * * Indication of previously known records from Zealand New L’Esperance L’Esperance Rock K2011-98 to K2011-100 + Cheeseman and Curtis Islands K2011-75 to K2011-97 + + + Macauley Macauley Island K2011-66 to K2011-74 + + + + + + + Raoul and satellite islands K2011-2 to K2011-65 (Müller & Troschel, 1844) Troschel, (Müller & AMPHISTEGINIDAE Family: EPONIDIDAE Family: & (Fichtell cribrorepandus Cribroeponides Moll, 1798) Family: CIBICIDIDAE Family: 1934 Cibicides corticatus Earland, Verrill, 1869 Ophiothela danae Verrill, FORAMINIFERA Phylum: Class: POLYTHALAMEA Order: ROTALIIDA Family: 1949 papillosa Said, Amphistegina Family: OPHIONEREIDIDAE Family: cf. schayeri Ophionereis OPHIOTRICHIDAE Family: oliveri (Benham , 1911) Macrophiothrix Family: OPHIOCOMIDAE Family: 1908) cf. bollonsi (Farquhar, Clarkcoma OPHIOMYXIDAE Family: Clark & thomasinae Baker, Astrogymnotes McKnight, 2001 Lyman, 1879 Lyman, Ophiactis resiliens Classification/Distribution 292 Stephen J. Keable & Amanda L. Reid New Zealand. New Zealand. New I., Norfolk I. Australia, Lord Howe including, Pacific Tropical (Brook, 1998). Comments on distributionIslands records outside of Kermadec Zealand and/or New Zealand. New Indication of previously known records from Zealand New + L’Esperance L’Esperance Rock K2011-98 to K2011-100 Cheeseman and Curtis Islands K2011-75 to K2011-97 + + Macauley Macauley Island K2011-66 to K2011-74 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Raoul and satellite islands K2011-2 to K2011-65 VAGINULINIDAE ARCIDAE ARCOIDA Order: LAGENIDA Family: 1950 Parr, Lenticulina australis MOLLUSCA Phylum: Class: BIVALVIA Order: Family: PHILOBRYIDAE Family: Philobryidae sp. 1 Philobryidae sp. 2 Philobryidae sp. 3 Philobryidae sp. 4 Philobryidae sp. 5 Philobryidae sp. 6 Philobryidae sp. 7 Order: CARDITOIDA CONDYLOCARDIIDAE Family: Condylocardiidae sp. 1 Order: LUCINOIDA LUCINIDAE Family: Order: MYTILOIDA MYTILIDAE Family: Modiolus auriculatus (Krauss, 1848) (d’Orbigny, 1846) (d’Orbigny, Neoeponides schreibersii 1878) (Terquem, lateralis Poroeponides Classification/Distribution Marine Invertebrates Collected during the Kermadec Biodiscovery Expedition 2011 293 Southwest Pacific, Australia, New Zealand (Brook, 1998); Red Australia, New Pacific, Southwest Sea (ABRS, 2012). Norfolk I. (Brook, 1998). Zealand, Australia, New Pacific, Southwest Kermadec endemic (Brook, 1998). Kermadec I., Norfolk Australia, Lord Howe including Pacific, Tropical Pitcairn Is. (Brook, 1998). Comments on distributionIslands records outside of Kermadec Zealand and/or New Indication of previously known records from Zealand New + L’Esperance L’Esperance Rock K2011-98 to K2011-100 + Cheeseman and Curtis Islands K2011-75 to K2011-97 + + + + + + Macauley Macauley Island K2011-66 to K2011-74 + + + + + + + + + Raoul and satellite islands K2011-2 to K2011-65 ANOMIIDAE VENEROIDA LASAEIDAE & NEOLEPTONIDAE LASAEIDAE Families: MACTRIDAE Family: 1880) Neolepton antipodum (Filhol, Order: PTERIOIDA PTERIIDAE Family: 1850) Pinctada maculata (Gould, Order: CHAMIDAE Family: Chama plinthota ? Lamarck, 1819 Order: NUCULIDA N UCULIDAE Family: Order: PECTINOIDA Family: Anomiidae sp. 1 Anomiidae sp. 2 PECTINIDAE Family: SPONDYLIDAE Family: 1915 Oliver, Spondylus raoulensis Classification/Distribution 294 Stephen J. Keable & Amanda L. Reid Australia, Elizabeth & Middleton Reefs, Lord Howe I., New I., New Australia, Elizabeth & Middleton Reefs, Lord Howe Norfolk I. (Brook, 1998). Zealand, Australia (ABRS). record cited in Malaquais & Reid (2008); Kermadec Pacific including Ocean north Pacific of 24° S, southwest Tropical I., New Australia, Elizabeth & Middleton Reefs, Lord Howe Norfolk I. (Brook, 1998). Zealand, Comments on distributionIslands records outside of Kermadec Zealand and/or New Australia, Elizabeth & Middleton Reefs, Pacific, Tropical I., Norfolk I. (Brook, 1998); East India, Hawaiian Lord Howe Moluccas, Mozambique, Red Maldives, Sea,Is, Madagascar, Africa (ABRS, 2012). South Seychelles, endemic. Kermadec (Ylitalo et al ., 2014). Hawaii Japan (WoRMs), (2015). Wilson See Reid & Pacific. Tropical ! Indication of previously known records from Zealand New + + L’Esperance L’Esperance Rock K2011-98 to K2011-100 + + Cheeseman and Curtis Islands K2011-75 to K2011-97 + Macauley Macauley Island K2011-66 to K2011-74 + + + + + + + + + + + Raoul and satellite islands K2011-2 to K2011-65 APLYSIIDAE ANASPIDEA Order: CEPHALASPIDEA BULLIDAE Family: 1843 Gray, Bulla quoyii 1859 Bulla vernicosa Gould, Bullidae sp. 1 SEMELIDAE SEMELIDAE Family: Ervilia sp. TELLINIDAE Family: V ENERIDAE Family: 1850) (Gould, Globivenus toreuma Class: CEPHALOPODA Order: OCTOPODA OCTOPODIDAE Family: 2015). Wilson, (see Reid & 1914) Callistoctopus kermadecensis (Berry, 1914) Octopus oliveri (Berry, Octopus n. sp. Octopus sp. (juvenile) Class: GASTROPODA Order: Family: (Allen, 1932) extraordinaria Aplysia II, 1870 G.B Sowerby brazieri Dolabrifera Classification/Distribution Marine Invertebrates Collected during the Kermadec Biodiscovery Expedition 2011 295 Southwest Pacific including Australia, Lord Howe I., New I., New Australia, Lord Howe including Pacific Southwest Norfolk I. (Brook, 1998); Indian Ocean, Madagascar, Zealand, Red Sea (ABRS, 2012). Australia, Elizabeth & Middleton Reefs, Lord Howe I., New I., New Australia, Elizabeth & Middleton Reefs, Lord Howe Norfolk I. (Brook, 1998). Zealand, Comments on distributionIslands records outside of Kermadec Zealand and/or New Australia, Elizabeth & Middleton Reefs, Lord Pacific, Southwest Brook, 1998). atramentosa Zealand (as N. I., Norfolk New Howe (Powell, ovatus ) sp. aff. ( Scrobs Brook (1998) cites Anabathron 1927). Indication of previously known records from Zealand New + + + L’Esperance L’Esperance Rock K2011-98 to K2011-100 + Cheeseman and Curtis Islands K2011-75 to K2011-97 + + Macauley Macauley Island K2011-66 to K2011-74 + + + + + + + + + Raoul and satellite islands K2011-2 to K2011-65 ANABATHRIDAE ASSIMINEIDAE ATLANTIDAE Family: CINGULOPSIDAE Family: Cingulopsidae sp. 1 (Röding, 1798) bufo (Tutufa) Tutufa Family: RETUSIDAE Family: Retusidae sp. 1 Order: CYCLONERITIMORPHA NERITIDAE Family: E.A. Smith, Nerita (Lisanerita) melanotragus 1884 Order: LITTORINIMORPHA Family: Amphithalamus sp. sp. Scrobs Family: Assimineidae sp. 1 Family: Atlantidae sp. 1 BARLEEIIDAE Family: sp. Fictonoba BURSIDAE Family: I, 1825) Sowerby verrucosa (G.B. Bursa Classification/Distribution 296 Stephen J. Keable & Amanda L. Reid Comments on distributionIslands records outside of Kermadec Zealand and/or New Zealand, I., New Australia, Easter I., Lord Howe Pacific, Tropical Norfolk I. (Brook, 1998); tropical and temperate Indo-West (ABRS, 2012). Pacific Pacific, Easter I., Philippines, Red Sea, tropical Indo-West to Southern Australia (Freemantle Queensland) (ABRS, 2012). Norfolk I. Zealand, Australia, New Pacific, Indo-West Tropical Africa (ABRS, 2012). (Brook, 1998), South Norfolk I. Zealand, Australia, New including Pacific Southwest (Brook, 1998). ! Indication of previously known records from Zealand New + + + + + L’Esperance L’Esperance Rock K2011-98 to K2011-100 + + Cheeseman and Curtis Islands K2011-75 to K2011-97 + + + Macauley Macauley Island K2011-66 to K2011-74 + + + + + + + + + + + + + Raoul and satellite islands K2011-2 to K2011-65 Family: CYPRAEIDAE Family: 1870) cernica (Sowerby, Erosaria EATONIELLIDAE Family: Eatoniellidae sp. 1 HIPPONICIDAE Family: Hipponicidae sp. 1 NATICIDAE Family: mammilla (Linnaeus, 1758) Polinices RANELLIDAE Family: lampas (Linnaeus, 1758) Charonia Monoplex parthenopeus (Salis-Marschlins, 1793) RASTODENTIDAE Family: Rastodentidae sp. 1 RISSOIDAE Family: Rissoidae sp. 1 Rissoidae sp. 2 Rissoidae sp. 3 Rissoidae sp. 4 Rissoidae sp. 5 Rissoidae sp. 6 Classification/Distribution Marine Invertebrates Collected during the Kermadec Biodiscovery Expedition 2011 297 Comments on distributionIslands records outside of Kermadec Zealand and/or New I., Norfolk I. (Brook, 1998). including Lord Howe Pacific Southwest Australia, Elizabeth & Middleton Reefs, Pacific, Tropical Norfolk I., Pitcairn I. (Brook, 1998), Red Sea (ABRS, 2012). Australia (Brook, 2012). Pacific, southwest Pacific, Tropical Australia (ABRS, 2012). ! Indication of previously known records from Zealand New L’Esperance L’Esperance Rock K2011-98 to K2011-100 Cheeseman and Curtis Islands K2011-75 to K2011-97 + + Macauley Macauley Island K2011-66 to K2011-74 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Raoul and satellite islands K2011-2 to K2011-65 ) LAMELLARIIDAE (= TONNIDAE TRIVIIDAE VANIKORIDAE VERMETIDAE VITRINELLIDAE VELUTINIDAE VELUTINIDAE Rissoidae sp. 7 Rissoidae sp. 8 Rissoidae sp. 9 Rissoidae sp. 10 STROMBIDAE Family: 1823) (Swainson, thersites Thersistrombus Family: Malea pomum (Linnaeus, 1758) Family: sp. Trivia 1832) (Sowerby, lachryma Proterato Family: sp. 1 Vanikoridae Family: sp. 1 Velutinidae Family: sp. 1 Vermetidae sp. 2 Vermetidae Family: sp. 1 Vitrinellidae Classification/Distribution 1905) (Basedow, Lamellaria australis 298 Stephen J. Keable & Amanda L. Reid Tropical Pacific, including Australia, Lord Howe I., Norfolk Australia, Lord Howe including Pacific, Tropical Africa, Oman (ABRS, 2012). Zealand (Brook, 1998); East New I., Australia, Lord Howe including and temperate Pacific, Tropical Pitcairn I. (Brook, 1998), India, Red Sea (ABRS, 2012). Australia, Elizabeth & Middleton including Pacific, Tropical Reefs (Brook, 1998). Comments on distributionIslands records outside of Kermadec Zealand and/or New Australia, Norfolk I. (Brook, 1998). (Brook, 1998). Distribution unknown (Brook, 1998). Distribution unknown India (E), Hawaii, Polynesia, Africa, French Aldabra, Chagos, east Tanzania (ABRS, 2012). Oman, Red Sea, Indo-Pacific, ! Indication of previously known records from Zealand New + + + L’Esperance L’Esperance Rock K2011-98 to K2011-100 + + Cheeseman and Curtis Islands K2011-75 to K2011-97 + + + Macauley Macauley Island K2011-66 to K2011-74 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Raoul and satellite islands K2011-2 to K2011-65 sp. 2 sp. 1 sp. 1 sp. 2 sp. 1 amily: ANGARIIDAE amily: Hwass in Bruguière, 1792 Conus lividus Hwass Conus miles Linnaeus, 1758 CYSTISCIDAE Family: Cystiscidae sp. 1 Cystiscidae sp. 2 Order: LOTTIOIDEA LOTTIIDAE Family: Order: NEOGASTROPODA F delphinus (Linnaeus, 1758) Angaria BUCCINIDAE Family: Buccinidae Buccinidae CLATHURELLIDAE Family: Clathurellidae 1915) (Oliver, hedleyi Etrema 1915) (Oliver, roseocincta Lienardia COLUMBELLIDAE Family: Columbellidae Columbellidae CONIDAE Family: in Bruguière, 1792 Conus catus Hwass 1875 Weinkauff, Conus lischkeanus Classification/Distribution Marine Invertebrates Collected during the Kermadec Biodiscovery Expedition 2011 299 Tropical Pacific, including Australia, Elizabeth & Middleton including Pacific, Tropical Norfolk I. (Brook, 1998). Zealand, I., New Reefs, Lord Howe Tropical Pacific, southwest Pacific including Elizabeth and southwest Pacific, Tropical Easter I. I.; southeast Pacific, Middleton Reefs, Lord Howe (Brook, 1998). Caledonia, Coral Sea, eastern Indian Ocean, Indo-Arabia, New Oceania, Philippines, Society Is (ABRS, 2012). Australia Pacific (Brook, 1998); southwest Pacific, Tropical (ABRS, 2012). endemic (Brook, 1998). Kermadec Pacific (Brook, 1998); Red Sea southwest Pacific, Tropical (ABRS, 2012). Comments on distributionIslands records outside of Kermadec Zealand and/or New ! Indication of previously known records from Zealand New + + + + L’Esperance L’Esperance Rock K2011-98 to K2011-100 + + Cheeseman and Curtis Islands K2011-75 to K2011-97 + + + + Macauley Macauley Island K2011-66 to K2011-74 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Raoul and satellite islands K2011-2 to K2011-65 sp. 1 Muricidae sp. 1 Muricidae sp. 2 Muricidae sp. 3 Muricidae sp. 4 Muricidae sp. 5 Family: FASCIOLARIIDAE Family: Fasciolariidae Fusinus (Fusinus) undatus (Gmelin, 1791) MANGELIIDAE Family 1846) Macteola interrupta (Reeve, MARGINELLIDAE Family: Pugnus sp. cf. mustelina (Angus, 1871) Serrata MURICIDAE Family: Adams, 1855) (A. radula Coralliophila 1829) (Menke, Oppomorus noduliferus Cystiscidae sp. 3 Cystiscidae sp. 4 Cystiscidae sp. 5 DRILLIIDAE Family: 1915 Oliver, subtropicalis Iredalea Classification/Distribution 300 Stephen J. Keable & Amanda L. Reid Lord Howe I., New Zealand, Norfolk I. (Brook, 1998). Zealand, I., New Lord Howe I., New Australia, Elizabeth & Middleton Reefs, Lord Howe Norfolk I. (Brook, 1998). Zealand, (2015). & Beechey Willan See endemic (Brook, 1998). Kermadec Red Sea. ?Gulf of California, Indo-Pacific Mexico Tropical (ABRS, 2012). Zealand I., New Australia, Lord Howe including Pacific, Tropical (Brook, 1998). Australia (Brook, Pacific, including southwest Pacific, Tropical (ABRS, 2012). Tanzania Aldabra, 1998); Comments on distributionIslands records outside of Kermadec Zealand and/or New ! ! Indication of previously known records from Zealand New + + L’Esperance L’Esperance Rock K2011-98 to K2011-100 + + Cheeseman and Curtis Islands K2011-75 to K2011-97 + + + Macauley Macauley Island K2011-66 to K2011-74 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Raoul and satellite islands K2011-2 to K2011-65 TEREBRIDAE TURRIDAE Family: NASSARIIDAE Family: Adams, 1852) (A. Nassarius spiratus Nassarius n. sp. RAPHITOMIDAE Family: 1915) benhami (Oliver, Kermia Family: 1834) affinis (Gray, Terebra 1857) (Deshayes, circumcincta Terebra Family: (Lamarck, 1822) Xenoturris cingulifera Muricidae sp. 6 Muricidae sp. 7 Muricidae sp. 8 Muricidae sp. 9 Muricidae sp. 10 Muricidae sp. 11 Muricidae sp. 12 Muricidae sp. 13 Muricidae sp. 14 Muricidae sp. 15 Muricidae sp. 16 1889) Neothais smithi (Brazier, Classification/Distribution Marine Invertebrates Collected during the Kermadec Biodiscovery Expedition 2011 301 Indo-Pacific, including Australia, Lord Howe I., Norfolk Australia, Lord Howe including Indo-Pacific, Pitcairn I. (Brook, 1998). Australia. Australia, Elizabeth & Middleton including Pacific, Southwest Africa, East Andaman Sea, Cocos-Keeling, Reefs (Brook, 1998); East India (ABRS, 2012). Northern half of North I., New Zealand, also Lord Howe I., also Lord Howe Northern Zealand, half of North I., New Australia (Cook, 2010). Norfolk I. and temperate southern Australia. Comments on distributionIslands records outside of Kermadec Zealand and/or New ! ! ! * * Indication of previously known records from Zealand New L’Esperance L’Esperance Rock K2011-98 to K2011-100 + Cheeseman and Curtis Islands K2011-75 to K2011-97 + Macauley Macauley Island K2011-66 to K2011-74 + + + + + + + + Raoul and satellite islands K2011-2 to K2011-65 TYLODINIDAE VOLUTIDAE VOLUTIDAE THECOSOMATA Order: SACOGLOSSA P LAKOBRANCHIDAE Family: sp. Elysia Order: LIMACINIDAE Family: Limacinidae sp. 1 Order: UMBRACULIDA Family: 1889) corticalis (Tate, Tylodina Order: unassigned CAENOGASTROPODA CERITHIIDAE Family: II, 1855 Sowerby Cerithium citrinum G.B. Family: PHYLLIDIIDAE Family: 1804) pustulosa (Cuvier, Phyllidiella Chromodoris tinctoria (Rüppell & Leuckart, 1828) Chromodoris EUBRANCHIDAE Family: sp. Dunga Family: Family: ? sp. Lyria Order: NUDIBRANCHIA Chromodorididae Family: amoenum (Cheeseman, 1886) Ceratosoma Classification/Distribution 302 Stephen J. Keable & Amanda L. Reid Comments on distributionIslands records outside of Kermadec Zealand and/or New Archipelago, Comoro Islands, Marshall Australia, Chagos Pacific, Red Sea, temperate Indo-West Polynesia, Mauritius, westernPacific (ABRS, 2012). Pacific, tropical Indo-West Australia, Elizabeth Pacific including southwest Pacific, Tropical I., Norfolk I. (Brook, 1998); & Middleton Reefs, Lord Howe Mauritius, Red Sea (ABRS, 2012). Pacific, Indo-West Zealand (Brook, 1998 as Norfolk I., New Pacific, Southwest suteri ). Pyramidelloides Norfolk I. (Brook, 1998), Zealand, I., New Australia, Lord Howe Easter I. (ABRS, 2012). ! Indication of previously known records from Zealand New + + + + + + + + L’Esperance L’Esperance Rock K2011-98 to K2011-100 Cheeseman and Curtis Islands K2011-75 to K2011-97 + + + + Macauley Macauley Island K2011-66 to K2011-74 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Raoul and satellite islands K2011-2 to K2011-65 TRIPHORIDAE Gould, 1849 Gould, Cerithium egenum 1880) sinon (Bayle, Royella CERITHIOPSIDAE Family: Cerithiopsidae sp. 1 Cerithiopsidae sp. 2 Cerithiopsidae sp. 3 Cerithiopsidae sp. 4 Cerithiopsidae sp. 5 EPITONIIDAE Family: Epitonium lamellosum (Lamarck, 1822) EULIMIDAE Family: Eulimidae sp. 1 Eulimidae sp. 2 Eulimidae sp. 3 1915) suteri (Oliver, Teretianax PLANAXIDAE Family: (Lamarck, 1822) Hinea brasiliana Family: sp. 1 Triphoridae sp. 2 Triphoridae sp. 3 Triphoridae Classification/Distribution Marine Invertebrates Collected during the Kermadec Biodiscovery Expedition 2011 303 Kermadec endemic (Brook, 1998). Kermadec Comments on distributionIslands records outside of Kermadec Zealand and/or New endemic (Brook, 1998). Kermadec Indication of previously known records from Zealand New + + L’Esperance L’Esperance Rock K2011-98 to K2011-100 + Cheeseman and Curtis Islands K2011-75 to K2011-97 + + Macauley Macauley Island K2011-66 to K2011-74 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Raoul and satellite islands K2011-2 to K2011-65 . 1 ARCHITECTONICIDAE PYRAMIDELLIDAE Family: Pyramidellidae sp. 1 Triphoridae sp. 4 Triphoridae sp. 5 Triphoridae sp. 6 Triphoridae sp. 7 Triphoridae Order: unassigned Family: CIMIDAE Family: Cimidae sp. 1 COLLONIIDAE Family: kermadecensis Marshall, 1979 Leptothyra FISSURELLIDAE Family: Fissurellidae sp. 1 Fissurellidae sp. 2 NACELLIDAE Family: 1905) (Suter, Cellana craticulatus Nacellidae sp OMALOGYRIDAE Family: ORBITESTELLIDAE Family: PATELLIDAE Family: 1894) kermadecensis (Pilsbry, Scutellastra Classification/Distribution 304 Stephen J. Keable & Amanda L. Reid Kermadec endemic (Brook, 1998). Kermadec Comments on distributionIslands records outside of Kermadec Zealand and/or New endemic (Brook, 1998). Kermadec Indication of previously known records from Zealand New + + L’Esperance L’Esperance Rock K2011-98 to K2011-100 + Cheeseman and Curtis Islands K2011-75 to K2011-97 + + + Macauley Macauley Island K2011-66 to K2011-74 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Raoul and satellite islands K2011-2 to K2011-65 p. 1 sp. 1 TROCHIDAE TEGULIDAE Family: Family: sp. 1 Trochidae sp. 2 Trochidae sp. 3 Trochidae sp. 4 Trochidae sp. 5 Trochidae sp. Trochus Pyramidellidae sp. 2 Pyramidellidae sp. 3 Pyramidellidae sp. 4 Pyramidellidae sp. 5 Pyramidellidae sp. 6 SCISSURELLIDAE Family: Scissurellidae sp. 1 Scissurellidae sp. 2 Scissurellidae sp. 3 Scissurellidae sp. 4 SIPHONARIIDAE Family: 1915 Oliver, Siphonaria raoulensis Siphonariidae s SKENEIDAE Family: Skeneidae Family: (Iredale, 1912) royanus Tectus Classification/Distribution Marine Invertebrates Collected during the Kermadec Biodiscovery Expedition 2011 305 Comments on distributionIslands records outside of Kermadec Zealand and/or New New Zealand (Brook, 1998). New endemic (Brook, 1998). Kermadec Sea (ABRS, 2012). Tasman Norfolk I. (Brook, 1998); Zealand (Brook, 1998). New Indication of previously known records from Zealand New + L’Esperance L’Esperance Rock K2011-98 to K2011-100 Cheeseman and Curtis Islands K2011-75 to K2011-97 + + + Macauley Macauley Island K2011-66 to K2011-74 + + + + + + + + + + + + + Raoul and satellite islands K2011-2 to K2011-65 (Gray, 1843) (Gray, sp. 1 TRIMUSCULIDAE Order: unassigned PULMONATA ELLOBIIDAE Family: Family: Trimusculidae Class: POLYPLACOPHORA Order: CHITONIDA CALLOCHITONIDAE Family: Classification/Distribution nobilis (Eudoxochiton) Eudoxochiton Family: CHITONIDAE Family: Chiton sp. 1 Chiton sp. 2 Chiton sp. 3 Chiton sp. 4 (Iredale, 1914) Chiton themeropsis ISCHNOCHITONIDAE Family: intermedius (Ischnochiton) Ischnochiton & Hull, 1912 Hedley MOPALIIDAE Family: 1847) caelata (Reeve, (Plaxiphora) Plaxiphora NEMATODA Phylum: NEMERTEA Phylum: PLATYHELMINTHES Phylum: 306 Stephen J. Keable & Amanda L. Reid Central Atlantic, European waters, Mediterranean Atlantic, European waters, Sea, Portugese Central Economic Zone, Economic Zone, Spanish Exclusive Exclusive 2012). Cutler Economic Zone (WoRMS, Zealand Exclusive New ). Is as ( A. hartmeyeri (2009) indicates from vicinity of Kermadec Indo-Pacific Economic Zone; Gulf of Mexico; Greek Exclusive 2012). (WoRMS, Economic Zone, Indo-West Greek Exclusive European waters, Portugese Mediterranean Exclusive Pacific, Sea, Mozambique, Economic Zone Africa, Spanish Exclusive Economic Zone, South 2012). (WoRMS, Comments on distributionIslands records outside of Kermadec Zealand and/or New including from the South Pacific to species known Different particularly Zealand, Australia or New Caledonia, southern New characters of both the Halichondriidae and unusual in showing (M. Kelly, family represents a new and possibly the Polymastiidae et al . (2015). comm. ), see also Kelly pers. et al . (2015). Kelly Described by ! ! ! ! Indication of previously known records from Zealand New + L’Esperance L’Esperance Rock K2011-98 to K2011-100 + + Cheeseman and Curtis Islands K2011-75 to K2011-97 + + + + Macauley Macauley Island K2011-66 to K2011-74 + + + + + Raoul and satellite islands K2011-2 to K2011-65 TUNICATA APLYSINELLIDAE ASPIDOSIPHONIDAE VERONGIDA (as ASPIDOSIPHONIDA (as Order: PHASCOLOSOMATIDA Phascolosomatiformes in Cutler (2009)) PHASCOLOSOMATIDAE Family: 1904) Apionsoma misakianum (Ikeda, Phascolosoma stephensoni (Stephen, 1942) Phylum: Phylum: PORIFERA Phylum: Class: DEMOSPONGIAE Order: HALICHONDRIDA HALICHONDRIIDAE Family: Halichondriidae n. gen., sp. Order: Family: n. sp. Suberea SIPUNCULA Phylum: Class: PHASCOLOSOMATIDEA Order: Aspidosiphoniformes in Cutler (2009)) Family: 1904 Aspidosiphon misakiensis Ikeda, Classification/Distribution Marine Invertebrates Collected during the Kermadec Biodiscovery Expedition 2011 307

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS administered by the Australian Museum Foundation. Ms Amanda Hay, Australian Museum, assisted in writing initial The authors would like to thank Dr T. Trnski for the applications for this funding. Two anonymous reviewers invitation to participate in this study and for his leadership provided comments that improved the manuscript. in making it happen. We would also like to acknowledge the crew of the RV Braveheart for their enthusiastic REFERENCES support and expertise while in the field. The assistance of the other members of the expedition is also appreciated, ABRS (Australian Biological Resources Study) 2012. particularly our colleague from the Australian Museum, Australian Faunal Directory. http://www.environment. Mr Mark McGrouther. Ms Arundathi Bopiah, Ms Justine gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/online-resources/fauna/afd/ Djajadikarta and Ms Rosemary Prior processed and home. Accessed March 2012. sorted samples in the laboratory with great efficiency. Ahyong, S.T. 2015. 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Stephen J. Keable, Australian Museum Research Institute, 6 College Street Sydney NSW 2010. Email: [email protected] Amanda L. Reid, Australian Museum Research Institute, 6 College Street Sydney NSW 2010. Article submitted: 4 May 2012; revised and accepted: 9 August 2012.