The Architectural Evolution of Lower From Approximately 1880 Tour 10

Reade Street (south side)/ New Chambers Street (south side) to Bridge (east side) to (west side)

Douglas R. McKibben Tour 10 Section 1 (of 2)

Views of Extant Sites Views of Sites Since Demolished

1 Manhattan Municipal Building A 6 to 20 Chambers Street 2 City Hall B 36 3 Tweed Court House C Staats-Zeitung Building 4 Hall of Records Building D Pulitzer Building 5 Emigrant Industrial Savings Bank E Hall of Records Building 6 New York Sun Building F Court of General Sessions Building G Hook & Ladder No. 1, Engine Company No. 7 H 12 to 10 Centre Street I 11 Reade Street J American News Company Building K Russell & Erwin Manufacturing Company Building L 37 Reade Street Tour 10 Map Section 1 (of 2)

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This is the link for map used for this tour (Bromley, 1930). Use it to enlarge and examine areas in detail: https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/068fd0d0-2179-0132-a00c-58d385a7b928 Manhattan Municipal Building 1 1-15 Center Street Site before construction, circa 1891 Built:1914 Architects: McKim, Mead & White Beaux-arts/historism 34 stories, 580 feet circa 1914 Corinthian colonnade based on Bernini’s at St. Peter’s. First building to incorporate a subway station as integral part of its base. Prototype for Cleveland’s Terminal Tower, Detroit’s Fisher Building and Chicago’s Wrigley Building

Figure source: George Bromley, cartographer Lionel Pincus and Princess Firyal Map Division, The New York Public Library.(1891). Plate 2 [Map bounded by Jay St., Thomas St., Pearl St., William St., Liberty St., Hudson River

Photo by: Irving Underhill, collection of the Museum of the City of New York A circa 1898 6 to 20 Chambers Street South side between Centre Street and Park Row Razed to build Manhattan Municipal Building

Photo by: Robert L. Bracklow, collection of the New York Historical Society circa 1905

B 36 Park Row SW corner Chambers Street Razed to build Manhattan Municipal Building

Photo by: George F. Arata, collection of the Museum of the City of New York Staats-Zeitung Building C 2-4 Centre Street 72-74 Park Row, Tyron Row circa 1875 Built 1872, razed 1907 Architect: Henry Fernbach (William Schickel) French Second Empire Five stories Razed to build Manhattan Municipal Building

Image source: Collection of the Museum of the City of New York

Lionel Pincus and Princess Firyal Map Division, The New York Public Library. (1899). Plate 6, Part of Section 1: [Bounded by Reade Street, Duane Street, New Chambers Street, Roosevelt Street, Cherry Street, Franklin Square, Frankfort Street, Cliff Street, Beekman Street, Gold Street and ] Retrieved from http://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/510d47e2-554d-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99 circa 1909 D a.k.a. Pulitzer Building 53-63 Park Row NE corner (2-16) Frankfort Street N. William Street to the Built 1890, razed 1955 Architect: George B. Post 20 stories, 349 feet Used a hybrid cage frame in which steel framing was used to support interior walls but the exterior masonry walls contributed to lateral stability and vertical support. Columns embedded in was carried floor loads and transferred lateral forces between the frame and the masonry. The facade was red sandstone, brick and terra-cotta, with red and gray granite at the arched entryway. First building in New York to surpass the 284-foot spire of Trinity Church. Demolished in 1955 for the expanded automobile entrance to the Brooklyn Bridge,

Photo by: Geo. P. Hall &Son, collection of New York Historical Society circa 1890

E Hall of Records Demolished 1911 Formerly New Gaol, a.k.a. Register’s Office SW corner Park Row and Centre Street.

Photo source: J. Clarence Davies Street Views Scrapbook, collection of the Museum of the City of New York 2 Hall Built: 1819 Architects: John McComb, Jr., Joseph Francois Mangin Renaissance revival Two stories, 216 feet

Photo by: George P. Hall & Son, collection of the Museum of the City of New York circa 1929

3 a.k.a. Old New York County Courthouse 52 Chambers Street Built: 1881 Architects: John Kellum, Three and a half stories Cost between $8 million and $12.5 million, three quarters of which were diverted to Boss Tweed and his Ring. Occupied by New York City Department of Education after its 2001 renovation.

Photo by: Irving Underhill, collection of the Museum of the City of New York circa 1898 F Court of General Sessions Building a.k.a. City Court Building (circa 1916) 32 Chamber Street razed

Photo by: Robert L. Bracklow, collection of the New York Historical Society G Hook and Ladder Company No.1 Engine Company No. 7 SW corner Chambers and Centre Streets

circa 1892

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Image source: https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/510d47e2-554d-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99 Image source: King’s Handbook of New York City 1892, pg. 490 circa 1907

H 12 to 10 Centre Street SE corner Chambers Street Razed to build Manhattan Municipal Building

Photo by: George F. Arata, collection of the Museum of the City of New York 4 Hall of Records/Surrogates Court 31 (25-35) Chambers Street Elk Street, 19-21 Centre Street, 1-13 Reade Street Built: 1907 (construction began circa 1900) Architects: Horgan & Slattery, John R. Thomas Beaux-arts/historism Eight and a half stories, 94 feet Exterior features 54 sculptures Philip Martiny and Henry Kirke Bush-Brown representing both allegorical figures — such as New York in Its Infancy, New York in Revolutionary Times, Philosophy, Law, and the seasons — and eminent figures from the city's past. The building has had few alterations aside from the removal of some Martiny’s statues facing Centre Street when that street was Photo source: J. Clarence Davies Street Views Scrapbook, collection of Museum of the City of New York widened in 1961. Those statues, Authority and Justice, are at the New York County Courthouse, 60 Centre Street circa 1900

I 11 Reade Street Razed to build Surrogates Court/Hall of Records and to extend Elm Street between Reade and Chambers Streets

Image source: collection of the Museum of the City of New York J American News Company Building a.k.a. M. B. Brown Printing & Binding Building 37-41 Chambers Street circa 1947 Elk (formerly Elm) Street and 13-19 Reade Street Razed, currently empty lot

Elk (now Elm) Street did not extend between Chambers and Reade Streets until sometime after 1897.

Image source: J Clarence Davies Scrapbook, Photo by: Wurts Bros. collection of the Museum of the City of New York collection of the Museum of the City of New York Emigrant Industrial Savings Bank Building 5 a.k.a. NYC Parking Violations Bureau Previous Emigrant building 51 (43-51) Chambers Street on same sit 15-29 Reade Street Built: 1912 Architect: Raymond Armrail Beaux-arts 17 stories, 188 feet First to use the "H" lay-out, to provide light and air to more parts of the building

Photo source: Wurts Bros.,, collection of Photo by: George P. Hall & son, the Museum of the City of New York collection of NY historical Society circa 1892 K Russell & Erwin Manufacturing Company Building 43-47 Chambers Street Purchased building in 1868. Manufacturer of builder’s hardware including locks, knobs, bolts and screws. Principal plants in New Britain, Connecticut. Building razed circa 1911 to construct Emigrant Industrial Savings Bank Building.

Image source: King’s Handbook of New York 1892, pg. 870 6 circa 1917 A. T. Stewart Dry Goods Store a.k.a. New York Sun Building 280 (274-286) Broadway NE corner (53-63) Chambers Street Built: 1846 (renovated 1884) Renaissance revival Seven stories, 78 feet A. T. Stewart Dry Goods was the City's first department store. Its size and location spurred development along Broadway north of City Hall. An early example of renaissance revival architecture in New York City. The sixth and seventh stories were added in 1884. Home of New York Sun from 1917 to 1952 when paper closed. Photo by: William D. Hassler, collection of the New York Historical Society L 37 Reade Street Formerly located on the site of the Stewart Building, later known as the Sun Building

Image source: Irma and Paul Milstein Division of United States History, Local History and Genealogy, The New York Public Library. (1887 - 1986). Reade Street #55-61 - Broadway - Church Street Tour 10 – Section 2 (of 2) Views of Sites Since Demolished

A 350-352 W 395 Pearl Street B 42 Cherry Street X 399 Pearl Street C 91-93 and 95-97 Roosevelt Street Y Scott & Browne Building D 71 Roosevelt Street Z Parking Garage E 62 New Chambers Street AA Munro Building and 29-31 Vandewater Street F 59 New Chambers Street BB 11 Vandewater Street G 71 New Chambers Street CC 17-23 Rose Street H 14 Batavia Street DD Parking Garage I 72 New Chambers Street EE Cosmopolitan Warehouse J 75-79 New Chambers Street FF Parking Garage K 75 to 89 New chambers Street GG Ellis Building L 3 James Slip HH 39-41 Rose Street M 5 to 9 James Slip II Rhinelander Building N 9 to 19 James Slip JJ 414-416 Pearl Street O 177 to 185 South Street KK 36 New Chambers Street P 90-92 Roosevelt Street LL The Recorder Printing Plant Q 76 and 78 Roosevelt Street MM Newsboy Lodging House R 58-60 New Chambers Street NN Rhinelander Sugar Company Building S NYPD 3rd Precinct Station OO Metropolitan Realty Building T 386 Pearl Street PP 12 Duane Street U 369 Pearl Street QQ 20 and 22-24 North William Street V Hogan & Son Steel Company RR White Tower Restaurant Tour 10 Map Section 2 (of 2) Page 1 (of 2)

LL KK JJ OO MM R Y NN RR D II S HH X QQ W GG FF

EE AA T Z C PP DD V B

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This is the link for map used for this tour (Bromley, 1930). Use it to enlarge and examine areas in detail: https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/068fd0d0-2179-0132-a00c-58d385a7b928 Tour 10 Map Section 2, Page 2 (of 2)

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This is the link for map used for this tour (Bromley, 1930). Use it to enlarge and examine areas in detail: https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/efb0c740-2178-0132-36a5-58d385a7b928 A 350-352 Pearl Street NW corner (8-12) Cherry Street

circa 1940

Photo source: New York City Department of Finance, Manhattan 1940s Tax Photos C 42 Cherry Street B 91-93 and 95-97 Roosevelt Street SW corner (99) Roosevelt Street Both circa 1940

Photos source: New York City Department of Finance Manhattan 1940s Tax Photos D E 71 Roosevelt Street 62 New Chambers Street SE corner (15-17) Oak Street at Roosevelt Street (right) Both circa 1940

Photos source: New York City Department of Finance, Manhattan 1940s Tax Photos 59 New Chambers Street F NE corner Oak Street circa 1915

Photo by: William D. Hassler, collection of New York Historical Society G H 71 New Chambers Street 14 Batavia Street NW corner (79) New Chambers Street

Both circa 1940

Photos source: New York City Department of Finance Manhattan 1940s Tax Photos J I 72 New Chambers Street 75-79 New Chambers Street SE corner Batavia Street NE corner Batavia Street Both circa 1940

Photos source: New York City Department of Finance Manhattan 1940s Tax Photos K 75 to 89 New Chambers Street (left to right on the left side of the photo) From Batavia Street to St. James Street 85-89 New Chambers Street circa 1933

Photo by: Percy Loomis Sperr, Irma and Paul Milstein Division of United States History, Local History and Genealogy, The New York Public Library. (1932 - 1934). Manhattan: New Chambers Street - James Street L M 3 James Slip 5-9 James Slip SW corner (360) Water Street Both circa 1940

Photos source: New York City Department of Finance Manhattan 1940s Tax Photos N 9 to 19 James Slip (right to left) south side between Water and South Streets

circa 1927

Photo by: Percy Loomis Sperr, Irma and Paul Milstein Division of United States History, Local History and Genealogy, The New York Public Library. (1927). Manhattan: James Slip - Water Street 177-185 South Street left to right O from NE corner of Roosevelt Street Brooklyn Bridge in background circa 1927

Photo by: Percy Loomis Sperr, Irma and Paul Milstein Division of United States History, Local History and Genealogy, The New York Public Library. (1927). Manhattan: South Street - James Slip Q 76 and 78 Roosevelt Street P NE corner Batavia Street 90-92 Roosevelt Street

circa 1940

Photo by: Percy Loomis Sperr, Irma and Paul Milstein Division of United States History, Local History Photo source: New York City Department of Finance Manhattan 1940s Tax Photos and Genealogy, The New York Public Library. Manhattan: Roosevelt Street - Batavia Street R 58-60 New Chambers Street S rd SW corner (16) Oak Street NYPD 3 Precinct Station 9-11 Oak Street

Photo by: Percy Loomis Sperr, Irma and Paul Milstein Division of United States History, Local History Photo source: New York City Department of Finance Manhattan 1940s Tax Photos and Genealogy, The New York Public Library. Manhattan: Oak Street - New Chambers Street circa 1932

T 386 Pearl Street

Image source: Irma and Paul Milstein Division of United States History, Local History and Genealogy, The New York Public Library. (1932). Manhattan: Pearl Street - Oak Street Hogan & Son Steel Company V 373-377 Pearl Street U 369 Pearl Street NW corner (5-9) Hague Street

Both circa 1940

Photos source: New York City Department of Finance, Manhattan 1940s Tax Photos W X 399 Pearl Street 395 Pearl Street SE corner (44) Vandewater Street Both circa 1940

Photos source: New York City Department of Finance Manhattan 1940s Tax Photos Scott & Bowne Building Y 409-415 Pearl Street SW corner (59-65) Rose Street) circa 1927 Built 1892, razed Architects: William Schickle & Company 12 stories, 160 feet Parking garage at 401-405 Pearl Street NW corner (33-43) Vandewater Street

401-405 Pearl Street circa 1922

Photo by: Percy Loomis Sprerr, Irma and Paul Milstein Division of United States History, Local History Image source: Irma and Paul Milstein Division of United States History, Local History and Genealogy, and Genealogy, The New York Public Library. Manhattan: Pearl Street - Vandewater Street The New York Public Library. (1922). Manhattan: Pearl Street - Vandewater Street Z AA Parking Garage Munro Building 28-32 Vandewater Street 17-27 Vandewater Street 29-31 Vandewater Street Site of Public School No. 1 circa 1899 45-51 Rose Street Site of Public School No. 180 circa 1916

Both circa 1940

Photos source: New York City Department of Finance Manhattan 1940s Tax Photos BB CC 11 Vandewater Street 17-23 Rose Street (from right to left) Brooklyn Bridge in background Both circa 1940

Photos source: New York City Department of Finance Manhattan 1940s Tax Photos EE DD Parking Garage Cosmopolitan Warehouse 22-26 Rose Street (left to right) 25-31 Rose Street (right to left) Both circa 1940

Photos source: New York City Department of Finance Manhattan 1940s Tax Photos FF Parking Garage Ellis Building GG 28-32 Rose Street Both circa 1940 35-37 Rose Street

Photos source: New York City Department of Finance Manhattan 1940s Tax Photos HH 39-41 Rose Street circa 1940

Photos source: New York City Department of Finance Manhattan 1940s Tax Photos II Rhinelander Building 2 (2-8) Duane Street SW corner (34-40) Rose Street Built 1893, razed 1968 Architect: William H. Russell Ten stories Rhinelander in the sugar business Razed to build One Police Plaza

Image source: A History of Real estate Building and Architecture during the Last Quarter of a Century,. By Pornoy, Lawerence < Ny. NY: New York record and Guide, 1898, Pg. 609 JJ 414-416 Pearl Street SE corner New Chambers Street

Photos by: Percy Loomis Sperr, Irma and Paul Milstein Division of United States History, Local History and Genealogy, The New York Public Library. (1938). Manhattan: Pearl Street - New Chambers Street KK 36 New Chambers Street SW corner Rose Street

Image source: Irma and Paul Milstein Division of United States History, Local History and Genealogy, The New York Public Library. (1887 - 1986). New Chambers Street - Rose Street LL The Recorder Printing Plant Rose Street side of Recorder Plant 24-34 New Chambers Street circa 1940

circa 1892

Image source: King’s Handbook of New York 1802, pg. 579 Photo source: New York City Department of Finance Manhattan 1940s Tax Photos MM circa 1899 Newsboy Lodging House a.k.a. Duane Street Lodging House, Brace Memorial Lodging House 242-244 William Street, 114 New Chambers Street. 9 Duane street Established by the Children's Aid Society, it was a type of "hotel“ for boys who otherwise had no place to sleep. For a small fee, and if they abided by simple rules, they could get food, schooling and a place to spend the night.

Image source: Art and Picture Collection, The New York Public Library. (1899). Newsboys' Lodging House. NN Rhinelander Sugar Company Building a.k.a. Rhinelander Building (II) 10 Duane Street, 226-242 William Street Built 1895, razed circa 1968 Architects: Clinton & Russell 12 stories, 178 feet The address is cited and confirmed by city maps, as the SE corner of William and Duane Streets. However, the image cited and used here does not appear to be on a corner, and; therefore raises some doubt about it actually being an image of the building in question.

Image source: Architectural Record vol. 7, no. 4, A Review of the Works of Clinton & Russell 1897-1899, pg. 20 circa 1915 OO Metropolitan Realty Building 214-218 William Street 18-20 Rose Street adjacent to Brooklyn Bridge Built 1893, razed circa 1964 Architect: W. Wheeler Smith Chicago school 14 stories, 194 feet

Photo by: Wurts Bros., collection of the Museum of the City of New York PP 12 Duane Street SW corner (235-239) William Street circa 1940

Photo source: New York City Department of Finance Manhattan 1940s Tax Photos QQ 20 and 22-24 North William Street (right to left)

circa 1940 circa 1880

Image source: collection of the Museum of the City of New York

Photo source: New York City Department of Finance Manhattan 1940s Tax Photos White Tower Restaurant RR 30 North William Street

Founded in 1926 in Milwaukee. With its white fortress-like buildings and menu it is considered an imitator of White Castle founded in 1921

circa 1940

Photo source: New York City Department of Finance Manhattan 1940s Tax Photos