1178 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. JANUARY 22, do the Secreta.ry of the Treasury any injustice. Whatever I may other hand, he chooses to say, "I will set apart as many dollars think of the Secretary's ability as a Secretary of the Treasury to worth of bullion at 412! grains to the dollar as there are rrreasury manage the finances of this country in this hour of our trouble, notes out," he may do that and not coin it, and the balance of I have high respect for him as a man, but I shall feel entirely the money is an asset in the Treasury like any other money, in free at all times to criticise his conduct as an official. my judgment. There is a general authority in the statute to I have had occasion to criticise him with the great.est freedom coin any silver or gold which may be foWld in the Treasury. at a former session. I shall not criticise him for changing his The pretense that the Secretary wants or needs any authority­ views. I have only called attention to the facts of the case a.s ! shall not use the word pretense, but the statement that he they exist from his report, and stated what everybody in this needs any such autbority-I do not ·think is supported by law; Chamber knew that it was underBtood tha.t the Secretary intAnded in my judgment it· is not. to coin the seigniorage· the public press teemed with it, a.nd I Mr . .PLATT. May I inquire does the Senator hold that the think his report here in my hand bears me out in the assertion Secretary of the Treasury has authority to coin silver bullion that he intended to coin it. except as such authority is found in the act of 1890? The Secretary of the Treasury who preceded Mr. Carlisle de­ Mr. TELLER. There is a general authority for the coinage clared that the authority existed without any legislation, the of bullion in the Treasury. Under the actof l~mo the Secrehry Attorney-General had declared it existed without any legisla­ may coin it all, if he sees fit, or may coin a part of it, if he sees tion, and a lair construction of the statute, in myjudgment, de­ fit; and when there is a provision .tb.at the seignid:age shall be termines that question without any assistance from the Attorney­ turned in to the Treasury as an asset of the Treasury, for what General. was it to be tm·11..ed in? For what are assets in the Treasurv? I shall read from the Secretary s ,report an e:dra.ct, which will To be used, of course. 1t is absurd tosaythatCongressintended be found on page 55 of his last report. He says: to lock up 55,000,000 silver dollars, or silver bullion to make The Treasury ~ow holds 140,699,760 fine ounces-or silver bUllion, purchased 55,000.000 silver dollars, at a time w.hen the Treasury revenues under the act of July 14, 1890, at a. cost of $126, 758,2UI, and which, at the legal were falling_off and when the Government was in distress tor ratio or 15.988"to 1, would make 181,914.899 silver dollars. money. Let me add, ·by way of parenthesis, ·that is .in addition to what · Mr. GORMAN. Mr. Pre&ident, ii there is no other Senator has been already coined and is in the Treasury for ihe purpose who desires to address the Senate on this resolution, lmove that of the redemption of the Treasury notes. it be referred to the Committee onFinan.ce. The act provided that after the 1st day or July ,1891, the s ·ecretary of the Treasury should coin as much of the bullion purchased under it as might Mr. TELLER. T.he Senator from Nevada [Mr. STEWART] • · be.necessary to provide for the Ted emption of the notes, and that any -gaip. gave notice that to-morrow be desired to djscuss .the resolution. or seigniorage arising from such coinage should be accounted for and paid Mr. GORMAN. Then I ask that the unlinished business be into the Treasury. It is plain from this ana other provisions of the that act resolution ~ so much of the bullion as ~may be necessary, when coined, to .provide for the laid before the Senate. 1 understand the goes over, redemption of the entire amount of notes outstanding is pledged, for that the Senator from Nevada. having given notice of his desire to purpose1 and can not be la.wtully used for any other; but it was decided by discuss it. the lateAttorney-Genera.l and by my predecessor in office that the so-called gain or seigniorage resulting from tthe coinage as itprogr ... ssed constituted REPEAL OF ELECTION LAWS. apart of the general assets of the Treasury, and that certificates could be The VICE-PRESIDENT. The Chair lays before the Senate legally issued upon it, notwithstanding the .act or 1890 is silent upon the latter subject. the u;n:fin.iBhed business, the title ol which will be stated. The SECRETARY. A bill (H. R. 2331) to ·repeal all statutes .re­ - I suppose nobody denies the Secretary's right to coin every lating to supervisors of eleotions and special deputy marshals, dollar of the silver which has been bought; everybody admits and for other purposes. . that. The only question,aB I understand1 is whether heca..ncoin and use the seigniorage until he coins the other. EXECUTIVE SESSION. The coinage oi the whole amount of this bullion, which would employ our Mr. GORMAN. I move that the Senate pr.oceed to the con­ mints, with 'their present capacities, for a period of about .five years, would, sideration of executive business. at the existingTatio, increase the silver ch·mlla.tion during the time named 155,156,681 from seigniorage, besides such additions as might be made in the The motion was agreed to; ana the Senate _proceeded to the meantime by the redemption of Trea.sury.notes in standard silver dollars. consideration of executive business. After ten minutes spent in In order that the Department might be in a. condition to comply promptlywith executive session the doors were reopened, and (at 4 o'clock and any increased demand that may be made upon it by the public fm• standard silver dollars or silver certiticates, or that it might take advantage of any 30 minutes-p.m.) the Senate adjourned until-to-morrow, Tues­ .favorable opportunity that may occ-ur to put an additional amount of such day, January 23, 1894, atJ2 o'clock m . currency in ciTculation without11Ilduly dlSturbing the monetary situation, I have caused a. large amExeC'utive nomination 'received by the Senate Janua1·y £2, 189.4. for the purpose of redeeming Treasury notes. He does not ASSOCIATE JUSTICE SUJ?..REME COJIRT OF THE UNITED STATES. say, and nobody can infer from his-language, that he had pre­ Wheele~ H. Peckham, of New Y-orkJ to be associate justice of pared the mints to coin for the P~ur ·pose of providing additional the Supreme Court of the United States, vice Samuel Blatch­ money to redeem the Treasury notes, ior he had about thirty-odd ford, deceased. lllillion dollars there which had been coined prevwus to July 1, 1891, that he could use for that purpose, and the total demand made upon him .from the beginning has been only about two and CONFffiMATION. a ha:l.f million dollars, as I recollect. Exec·utive nomination confirmed by the Senate Janu&ry~2,189J,. Mr. GORMAN. I ask the Senator from Colorado whether a IND.IA1il" AGENT. fair construction of that whole statement is not that the Secretary believes that the only authority he had to-use the seigniorage Joseph Clements,_Qf Dakota City, Nebr., to be agent for the was, first, to coin the bullion in the Treasury and .after it was Indians of the Santee Agency in Nebraska. - (}Oined that the Department had no right to use it. Mr. TELLER. I do not think so. I do not think it is possible to torture the reJ?Ort into that suggestion, and it is certainly contrary to what the public understood to be the Becretary·s HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. views upon the subject. MONDAY_, Janttta'ry 22, 1894 . . The Secretary might have had theviewswhich I have attrib­ uted to him and might have changed them. I do not say that _The House met at 11 o'clock a.m., and was .called to orde1' by he had not the right to change his views if, after reflection, he the Speaker. P1·ayer by the Rev ..J. H. HARDIN, o! Cincinnati, ..concluded that the construction of the law should be different. Ohio . I mentioned the,· fact that one of the financial papers of New The Journal of the proceedings of Saturday last was read and York-I believe it is called the Indicator-had an article in which approved. it stated-I spoke from recollection not having read it very re­ TREATY WITH YANKTON· TRIBE OF SIOUX INDIANS. cently-that one of the beneficial thin.gs which had occurred by The SPEAKER laid before the House a letter from the Sec­ the Secretary's coming to New York had been that he had con­ retary of the Interior, transmitting a copy of a lettel\_from the cluded he did not have the authority to coin the seigniorage, Commissioner of Indian Affairs and accompanying petitionfrom which he had before supposed he had. In making that state­ ment I did not think that I -was charging him with any great IndiarnsJ praying for the ratifi.c ~tion of the treaty made with the inconsistency after all. Yankton tribe of the Sioux Indians: which was ordered to be My own judgment is that the Secretary can coin this $55,000,- printed, and referred to the Committee on Indian Affairs. 000 of silver, he can coin it all, or he can coin· as much of it as THOMAS RYAN VS. THE UNITEJJSTATES. he chooses. II he coins $10,000,000, he can set it apart for the The SPEAKER laid before the House a copy of the findings purpose of the redemption of the Treasury notes, but if, on the of the Court of Claims in_the case of Thomas Ryan vs. The United 1894. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 1179

States; which was ordered to be printed, and referred to the ments offered to section 180 will be voted upon before any vote Committee on War Claims. is taken upon n.mendmerrts to or substitutes for section 181. CALL OF COMMITTEES. The CHAIRMAN. The Chair thinks it would be more or­ derly to vote upon any separate amendment applicable to that The SPEAKER-. The Clerk will call the committees ror re­ first paragraph in the schedule before any other amendment is ports. voted upon, but if an amendment was offered covering all three The committees were called, but no reports of a public charac­ of the paragraphs the Chair could nnt ex clude it, because the ter were presented. Chair thinks it would be in order. MESSAGE FROM: THE PRESIDENT The Chair would suggest to the oommittee that it occurs to the A message in writing from the President of the United ~tates Chair that the mor.e.orderly way is to deal with the amendments was communicated to the House by Mr. PRUDEN, one of hlB sec­ to each one of the paragraphs separately. retaries, who also infor~ed the HouEe that the President had Mr. BLANCHARD. Woulditbeinorder, undertbis rule, for approved and signed bills of the following titles: amendments to paragraph 181 to ba submitted and on~- half of the An act (H. R. 1 ~20 ) to amend section 4-130, Title LII, of the Re­ time (three hours) devoted to the discussion oi the amendments vised Statutes of the United Statts, relative to iD.Bpection of iron and then vote upon the amendments, the time of the 1YJking of or 13teel boiler plates· the vote not to be taken out of the time for discussion; and there­ An act (H. R. 4414) to amend an act appro-ved September 4,1890, after have an ho.ur and a half s discussion on paragraph 181 and authorizin~ the New Orleans, Natchez and Fort Scott Railroad amendments thereto? Company to construct two bridges across Bceuf River, in Louisi­ . The CHAIRMAN. What aboutparagraph182, and the amend­ ana; ments thereto? An act (H. R. 340) to authorize the construction and mainte­ Mr.BLANCHARD. Itwouldin~ludethe two paragraphs, 181 nance of a dam or dams across the Kansas River·, within Shawnee andl82.

Dounty, in the State of Kansas; The CHAffiMAN. If the gentleman makes that request1 the An act {H. R. 299} to extend the time for the construction of Chair will submit it. the railway of the Choctaw Coal and Railway Company and to Mr. DOCKERY a-nd Mr. ROBERTSON oi Leuisiana. What confer additional powers upon said company; is the request? An act (H. R. 1.)6) for the establishment of a light and fog­ Mr. BLANCHARD. It is merely a modification ot the order signal station near Butler Flats, New Bedford, Mass.; and ma4e in the Committee of the Whole a few days .ago rala.ting to Anact(H. R. 4340 ) to amend section 407 of the Re_visedSt2.tutes the con.sideration -of section E, relating to sugar. There are so as to require original receipts for depo.sits of postmasters to three paragraphs: 180 relates to bounty$ and 1 ~1 and 1.82 t~ the J:>e sent to the Auditor of the Treasury for the Po.st-O.ffice De­ duty upon sug:u-, candy, anrl cnnfectionery. I think itis impor­ partment. tant, Mr. Chall'Illan, that one-half .of the three hours should bA ENROLLED Bn.L SIGNED. given to the discussion of paragraph 180 and all amendments thereto, and after that discussion is exhausted that a vote be Mr. PEARSON, from the CQinmittee on Enrolled Bills re­ 1 taken upon that para~raph and amendments thereto. After the ported that they had examined and found truly enrolled a bill paragraph is disposed of, that the other two schedules, sections of the following title; when the Speaker signed th-e same: 181 and lB2~ be taken up, and after an hour and a half's discus­ A bill (H. R. 4610) to improve the methods of accounting in sion upon those paragraphs and amendments, that a '\"..ote be the Post-Office Department, and for other purposes. taken upon the paragraphs and amendments thereto. THE TARIFF. Mr. ROBERTSON of LOuisiana. I dD not enctly agree upon The Hous .... then~ pursuant to the special qrder, resolved itself the division of time equally between those two propositions. into the Committee of the Wh<>le House on the state of the There canoe, or probably will be, only one .amendment and a Union for the further consideration of the bill (H. R. 4864) to substitute offered to the proposition, and I should think, sir, that .reduce taxation, to provide revenue for the Go~ernment, and it would be better to discuss the first proposition for one hour fo·r other purposes, with 1$-. RICHARDSON of Tennessee in the and vote on it, and then discuss the remaining propositions, ·- chair. which are pending to the tariff part for the remaining two hours. The CHAIRMAN. Under the order of the committee, the The CHAIRMAN. If the gentlemen will agree upon any sugar schedule, as it is generally termed, is now -to be consid­ proposition and offer it~ the Chair lVill submitit to the .commit­ ered for three hours. The Chair recognizes the gentlema-n from tee. If not the committee will :Q.ave to proceed. Arkansa-s [Mr. McRAE]. Mr. BLANCHARD. One momen~ Mr. Chairman; I do not .Mr. McRAE. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike out-- think there will be any trouble about it. Mr. BLANCHARD. Before the gentleman offers his amend­ Mr. HITT. A parliamentary inquiry while the gentlemen ment I wish to make a parliamentary inquiry. are ag-reeing among themselves. When the committee rosa on The CHAIRMAN. The Chaii~recognizes the gentle~n from Saturday it was considering an amendment touching coal, which Arkansas to offer an amendment, but will recognize the gentle­ went over pending the special order heretofore made, which re­ man from Louisiana [Mr. BLANCHARDJ for a parliamentary in­ quired three hours to .be given to the sugar schedule, at the end quiry. of which time, under the regular order, the coal amendment Mr. BLANCHARD. Mr. Chairman, two or three days ago, would come up. I do not know whether the Chair understood by unanimous consent, an agreement was reached that Schedule that, at the request of gentlemen from. different. parts of the E, reLating t<> sugar, should be t aken up to-day, and that it should Hall, I consented to the postponement of the amendment I had be debated for three hours, after which a vote upon these prop­ offered until to-morrow, when the gBneral subject of coal comes ositio.ns and ;til pending amendments and substitutes should be up, and that this amendment will be taken up as the first busi­ had. There are three p~ragraphs in the sugar schedule, 180, 181, ness. Is that the understanding of the Chair and the House? and 182. The CHAIRMAN. The Chair has refreshed his recollection Paragraph 180 relates to the bounty. Paragraph i81 relates by reading the RECORD, and finds that "the Chair did not .sub­ to duty upon refined sugar, and paragraph 182 relates the duty mit the request tha.t. the amendment offered by the gentleman upon sugar candy aud oo_nfectionery. should go over until Tuesday; but the Chair would .hold, in the The .first amendments that will come will of course be to par­ absence of any .such ag-reement! that it is unfinished business, agraph 180. They will relate to striking out the bounty cla.use and would come up immediately after the sugar schedule is dis­ in the Wilson bill and substituting the McKinley bounty for the posed of. same. The inquiry which I wish to make is, will the vote upon Mr. HITT. I observe from the RECORD that no announce­ the amendments and substitute for paragraph 180 come before ment was made. But it was under.stood among membel'S on the amendments are offered to paragraph 181r floor that that was the agreement . The CHAIRMAN. Under .the peculiar form in which this The CHAIRMAN. There is so much confusion on the flnor bill is being discussed, the Chair thinks an amendment would that the Chair can not hear the gentleman from Illlnois. Gen­ b~ in order to each one of the three paragraphs in the schedule tlemen in the aisles will please cease conversation. at one time, but that in order that we may proceed in an or­ Mr. IDTT. I do not see the gentleman from Virginia [Mr. derly way, the Chair will hold, unless there be objection, that WISE] in his place, but that gentleman and other gentlemen, the amendments first voted upon shall be those applicable to the on both sides of the Rouse, spoke of the desirability, in the or­ first p:1ragraph, and then amendments that may be in order to derly disposition of business, of having that amendment con­ the second, and then to the third paragraph, inasmuch as differ­ sidered with thew hole subject, and requested me to consent to its ent phases of the question are presanted in each one of these going over until Tuesday, when the general subject comes up. paragraphs. The three hours' debate, of course, is applicabLe As the Chair did not announce the agreement from the chair, I to the entire schedule, and the vote upon the amendments will therefore call it to his attention. be taken at the conclusion of that time, without debate. The CHAIRMAN. If that is the request, the Chair will sub­ Mr. BLANCHARD. Then, as I understand it, all amerrd- mit it now.

·, 1180 CONGRESSIONAL- RECORD-HOUSE~ JANUARY 22, .

Several MEMBERS. What is the request? other propositions an hour each, while those who want free sugar The CHAIRMAN. T he request is, as the Chair understands with no bounty, as I do, will have no opportunity to be heard. it, that the amendment offered by th_e gentleman from Illinois except under the five-minute rule. on Saturday afternoon be postponed until after the vote is t .1.ken Mr. HOPKINS of Ulinois. You will get your time in that on the amendments to the coal and iron schedules. way. Mr. HITT. No; until the subject of coal is reached, which by ..Mr. McRAE. If the matter is-to be left to the chairman of special order is to-morrow, and then that my amendment would the Committ~ e on Ways and Means we shall probably get only come up as the first business. five minutes e:lCh . Mr. WISE. Mr. Chairman, the amendment of the gentleman Mr. HOPKINS of Illinois. But that is not the proposition. from Dlinois relates to the coa.l ·schedule; to-morrow is fixed for The proposition is to give to the gentlemen representing Louisi­ - its consideration, and the amendment shoul4 go over until to- ana an hour of the time. the ch9. irman of the Committee of the morrow, and-then have its turn. Whole to control the remainder . . TheCHAIRMAN. Willthegentlemannowstatehisrequest? Mr. BLANCHARD. All I ask, Mr. Chairman, is that the Gentlemen in front of the Chair will please oease conversation. delegation representing· Louisiana, which State has perhaps The Sergeant-at-Arms will request members to cease conversa- 1110re interest than any other pa.rticular locality in the United tion. States in the sugar question, be accorded one hour of the three Mr. HITT. Mr. Chairman, in order to clear the way for the hours that are to be allowed for debate upon this question. orderly disposition of business upon the coal schedule, I will Mr. HOPKINS of Illinois. I think there will be no objection withdraw the amendment. Gentlemen on both sides request to tilat. that I withdraw it for the present. The CHAIRMAN. Does the gentleman from Louisiana pre- Mr. BLANCH ...illD. Mr. Chairman, on consultation with the sent that as a request for consent? chairman of the Ways and Means Committee and with my col- Mr. BLANCHARD. I do. leagues, it is found that the order of the House, as explained by The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman asks unanimous consent the Chair, that all the votes upon paragraph 180 shall come first that of the three hours allowed for debate upon the sugar ached­ and those upon pa.ragraph 181 thereafter, is satisfactory to us, and ule the gentlemen from Louisiana shall control one hour; is I withdraw the proposition for a modification of the order. B ut there objection? there is another question. Three hours have been allowed by There was no objection, and it was so ordered. the Committee of the Whole for the discussion of these para- The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will report the amendment of- graphs. Now, is that time to be allotted by the Chair according fered by the gentleman from Arkansas [Mr. McRAE]. to his idea of recognition, or is the ch'1irmm or the Committ ~e The amendment was read, as follows: on Ways and Means to control one-half of the time and the op- Strike out paragraph ISO, on page28, Schedule E, and insert the following: th -·tio in the bill the other half? " That so much of the act entitled 'An act to reduce revenue, equalize ponen ts 0 f e prop 0:sl n · · duties, and for other purposes, approved October 1, 1890,' as provides for and The CHAIRMAN. There has been no agreement as to the di- authorizes the issue of licenses to produce sugar, and tor the payment of a vision of time, and in the absence of an agreement the Chair, bounty. to the producers of sugar from beets, sorghum, or sugar cane grown under the rules governing the five-minute d':lb3.te, would control i-1 the Unit-ed States, or from maple sap produced within the United States, • 1 • . h be, and the same hereby is, rep~aled , to take etrect July 1, 1894, and there- the division of time. The Chair is perfect1.y WI1 l mg, owever, after it shall be unlawful to issue any license to produce sugar or to pay any and really desires that some agre~m ent shall_be made for the bounty for the production of su5a r or any kind under the said act." division of the time, and makes that suggestion to the commit- Mr. CULBERSON. I ask unanimous consent that the gentle- tee. · man from Arkansas [Mr. McRAE.] have twenty minutes on this Mr. REED. There may be an intermediate viewof this ques- amendment. tion, which perhaps ought to be taken into account when the - Mr. WASHINGTON. Before that request is put, I wish to division of time is being considered. . ask whether these twenty minutes will be taken out of the three The CHAIRMAN. The Cha.ir will ba ready to hear any gen- hours or will be in addition thereto? · tleman who desires to represent the intermediate view. The CHAIRMAN. These twenty minutes will be a part of Mr. BLANCHARD. I was going to say, Mr. Chairman, in the two hours under the control of the Chair. line with the suggestion of the gentleman from Maine, that there Mr. WASHINGTON. Then there will not be time enough are gentlemen upon this fioorwho desire to m~intain paragrd.ph for other g-entlemen who wish to speak. 180as it stands in the bill presented by the Committee on Ways Mr. MEIKLEJOHN. I rise to a parliamentary inquiry. As and Means, there are those who desire to offer as a substitute the I understand, t he gentlemen from Louisiana are entitled to one 'provisionof the McKinley bill relating to a bounty on sugar, and hour of the three hours, and the other two h-ours are to be there are still other gentlemen who desire to substitute the occupied by other members of the House; so that, as I under­ whole thing by a duty on sugar. stand, this side of the House will have but one hour of the debate. Mr. REED. And there are other gentlemen who may desire 1, ·Mr. REED. I think the gentlema.n from Arkansas [Mr. Me­ to strike this all out as being" neither flesh, fish, fowl, nor good R AE] ought not to ask as much time as twenty minutes. I sug- red herring." [Laughter.l gest ten minutes. Mr. BLANCHARD. Now, Mr. Chairman, in view of these Mr. CULBERSON. I hope there will be no objection to this contending interests on the floor, I ask unanimous consent that request. _ the Chairman of the Ways and Means Committee be recognized Mr. MEIKLEJOHN. If the gentleman from Arkansas should to control one hour of the time in favor of the paragraph as it now occupy twenty minutes that time, as I understand, will come stands in the bill, and that another hour be allowed to those who out of the two hours under the control of the Chair. favor the provision in the McKinley bill. The CHAIRMAN. That is the understanding of the Chair. Mr. McRAE (interposing). Where does the hour come in for Mr. BRYAN. A.a I understand, the g-entlemen from Louisi- those who desire free sugar and no bounty? ana. will occupy one hour; of course, they are against the bill; Mr. BLANCHARD .. I included that in the last part of my gentlemen on the minority side will als:) speak against the bill; suggestion. so that very little time will be left for the defense of the bill. Mr. McRAE. But it is not included in it. The CHAIRMAN. That is a matter which the Chair can not Mr. REED. How would it do to allow the gentleman from control. If objecthn is made, the time will be assigned by the Louiaiana an hour, and let the rest of the debate proceed under Chair under the five-minute rule. the rules of the House? Mr. OUTHWAITE. I will not object to allowing the gentle- Mr. BLANCHARD. That wo"uld be satisfactory. man from Arkans1s ten minutes, but I must ask the regular Mr. PRICE. No; I think we ought to have more time. order if the request is pressed for a longer time to be occupied Mr. REED. I think you will needmore toconvertyourhard- by any one gentleman. hearted colleagues. [Laughter.] Mr. REED. That is right. Mr. McRAE. Mr. Chairman, if the time is to -be distributed The CHAIRMAN. Objection is made to the request that the in this way we can not have any arrangement, but must take gentleman from Arkansas be allowed twenty minutes. our chances for recognition. I want free sugar with no bounty, }.1r. CULBERSON. Then I ask that he have ten minutes. and I am not willing to have those of us who desire that policy There was no objection. · _adopted restricted to five minutes, while those·who want a tax Mr. McRAE. Mr. Chairman, I thank my friend from Texas and or a bounty on sugar are given an hour. the committee for an extension of my time. It is not my purpose The CHAIRMAN. If the arrangement suggested by the gen- at this time to discuss the g~neral theory upon which this bill has tleman from Maine be made, then the gentleman from Louisiana been constructed. All that I have to say now n.bout it is that the will control one hour and the Chair will divide the remaining freelist is not as long and the rates of revenue in the several two hours equally between the majority and the minority s_ides schedules are not as low as I hoped for, but I know the difficulties under the five-minute rule. under which the Democratic majority of this able and faithful Mr, McRAE. But the proposition of the gentleman from committee has labored in the preparation of the bill, and I duly Louisiana [Mr. BLANCHARDl is to give to those who favor the appreciate the perplexities that have surrounded them in pre-

\ 1894. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 1181

parinu a tariff bill at a time when the revenues are short, with a sons, firms, and corporations in Florida, $3,960.45; and toone in-_ large part of the consumers and importers demanding either dividual in Mississippi, $60.86. a low tariff or none at all, and the manufacturers as a general FOR MAPLE SUGAR thing insisting upon free raw m~terial and hig-h dutie! on their we paid $60,119.32, of which there was paid to 900 persons and manufactures. It has been a difficult task. The great wonder firms in Vermont~ $6,225.23; to 67 persons in New Hampshire. is that they have succeeded as well as they have without sacri­ $1,127.36; to 520 persons and firms in New York, $11,703.90; to ficing that fundamental principle of the Democratic party which 165 persons and firms in Pennsylvania, $4,234.66; to 67 persons denies all constitutional power to impose and collect tariff d uties, and firms in Maryland, $2,131.28; to 8 persons in West Virginia, except for the purposes of revenue only, and insists that all taxes $153.48· to 135 persons and firms in Ohio, $3,501.63; to 55 peroons should be limited to the necessities of the Government when and firms in Michigan, $687. 79; to 4 persons and firms in Minne­ honestly and economically administered. S?t:1, $6~. 95; to 1 person in Iowa $11.51, and to 1 person in Maine, The committee bas proceeded with great caution and conserv­ $o1.42. - . atism in the work of reconciling the conflicting interests of these Why should the Congress of this Government which rests several cl asses, and they deserve and no doubt will receive the upon the equality and freedom of the individu.tl citizen be called thanks of the country for the manner in which they have per­ upon to continue for any pedod bounties and why do gentlemen formed their work. rise here and apologize for assaulting a system that pays one 'l'bis bill if p .1ssed will be the .first step in the great cause of ·class and takes from another, or taxes all classes, if you please,· tariff reform and commbrcial freedom, and as such I will cheer­ for the benefit of a part? I am opposed to such privileges and fully support the revenue-raisingfeaturesofit, and I believe that make no apology for my course here. the gentleman from New York lMr. COCKRAN] is correct when Mr. Chairman, if we love the Constitution and the institu­ he says it will increase and not. reduce the revenues. But, Mr. tions beque 3. thed to us by our fathers, let us halt here long Chairman, I can not support that provision of the bill which enough to ask ourselves the purposes for which they organized continues for eight years the sugar-bounty provisions of the this Government. Was it that we should meet here annually McKinley act. for the purpose of estimating profits upon this or that industry? The purpose of the amendment I have prepared is to strike Is manufacc.uring sugar a function of government? What have out paragraph 180 of this bill, which is as follows: we, as representatives, to do with the profits to be realized by That the bolmties authorized to be paid to the producers of sugar by sec­ tboseengagedin thatoranyotherindustry? Is it competent for tion 231 of the act entitled •·An act to reduce revenue, equa.!ize duties, and for other purposes," approved October 1. 1890, shall be reduced one eighth of Congress, under the taxing power, to aid that industry. by appro­ their respective amounts, as prescribed in said act, each year, beginning priations from the Treasury? If so, I would like for some one to with July 1, 1895. and extending to July 1, 1901, incluf!ive, and shall there· tell me how we can do it without encroaching upon the rights of after cease and determine- · some body esle. And ta insert the amendment just reported by the Clerk, which How does the Government of the United States obtain its will repeal so much of the McKinley law as authorizes the pay­ money? Every dollar of revenue must be collected by some kind ment of a bounty to the producers of sugar. of taxation; and every dollar so collected must be earned by If this amendment is adopted the people will at the same time some one before it is collected; and as all revenue must get free raw sugar and be relieved of the taxes necessary to pay come from the pockets of the people before it can reach the the bounty now paid to sugar producers, whichfor·the lastfiscal Treasury, and just as you pay bounties just to that extent you year amounted to $:),375,130.88, and for the next fiscal year the deprive some of the people of the earnings of their labor. As a Treasury Department bas estimated thn.t it will re.quire not less party, we never won a victory that amounted to anything until than $11,000,000. The remainder of the sug-ltr schedule as pro­ we gave the people assurance that we meant to relieve them posed by the committee, which has so reduced the duty on re­ from the burdens that have been imposed upon them by direct fined sugar as to yield a revenue and practically defeat the sugar and indirect bounties. This bounty is not only unjust and in trust, is not touched bymy amendment. With adepleted Treas­ violation of the fundamental principle of equality upon which ury, the Government proposing to borrow money at a high rate our Government was organized, but it is clearly unconstitutional. of interest; the cry of hard times, distress, and want beard in all No one has ever attempted to defend the constitutionality of it, parts of our beloved country; farm values shrinking and farm except under the general welfare clause. products selling for less than the costs of production; mills sllut I deem it a sufficient answer to this contention to quote Judge down or running on -short time; laborers out of employment; Story's construction of that clause of the Constitution, for what trade dull and commerce crippled-certainly this Democratic he says h as received the approval of Judge Cooley and other Congress, pledged to limit all taxes impose<). and collected to the able commentators: necessities of the Government honestly and economically admin­ The Congress sha.ll ha.ve power to Ia.y and collect taxes, duties, imposts. istered, will notpermitthatodious and vicious principle of direct and excises, in order to provide for the common defense and general welfare bounties which was for the first time adopted iu this country in of the United States. # f; • -f; * •• the McKinley act to survive the passage of this bill, which is I1 the clause "to pay the debts and provide for the common defense intended to supplant McKinleyism. and general welfare of the United States" is construed to be an independent The act of October 1, 1890, provides that until July l, 1905, the and substantive grant of power, it not only renders wholly unimportant and unnecessary the subsequent enumeration of specific powers but it plainly full bo.unty shall be paid without any reduction. This bill as it extends :far beyond· them and creates a general authority m1 Congress to comes from the Committee on Ways and Means provides not for pass all laws which they may deem for the common defense and general an immediate repeal, but that it shall cease and determine after welfare. July 1, 1901, with an annual reduction of one-eighth of the * ~ ¢ * * • * Under such circumstances the Constitution would practically create an bounty, beginning next year. In other words, the bounty for unlimited National Government. The enumerated powers would tend to 1895 will be H cents per pound; for 1896, H cents; for 1897, H embarrassment and confusion since they-would only give rise to doubts as cents; for 1898, 1 cent; for 1899, three-quarters of 1 cent; for t-o the true extent of the general power or of the enumerated powers. * * * For what purpose could the enumeration of particular powers be 1900, one-half of 1 cent; and for 1901, one-quarter of a cent a inserted if these and all others were meant to be included in the preceding pound. It is true that the proposition of the committee only general power? Nothing is more natural or common than first to use a. continues a bounty heretofore granted and less money will be general phrase, and then to qualify it by a r ecital of particulars. .But the idea of enumeration· of particular powers which neither explain nor qualify paid and the payments will cease four years sooner than under the general meaning, and can have no other effect than to confounJ. and the McKinley act, but there is involved in both the same ele­ mislead, is an absurdity which no one ought to charge on the enlightened ment of robbery of the great majority of the American people authors o:r the 0onst1tution. It would be to charge them either with pre· for the benefit of a favored few, which the voters of this coun­ meditated folly or premeditated fraud. try in November, 1892, denounced as a fraud, and which the It has often been held by the courts, both State and Federal, members on this side promised to relieve them from as soon as that no lawful tax can be collected except for public purposes. possible. Let us see how and where this bounty for last year This is a plain proposition to continue to pay on an average of was paid. from $5,000,000 to $8,000,000 annually to private individuals un­ FOR BEET SUGAR der that bold and wicked law put upon our statutes under the we paid $531,363.81; of which there wa3 paid to three corpora­ lead of Mr. McKinley. The power to tax implies the power to tions in California $425,723.81, to two corporations in Nebraska destroy. , $76,170, and to one corporation in Utah $29,470. If Congress can pay for sugar $5,000,000 as bounty, it can pay $100,000,000; and it it can pay for producing sugar, it can pa.y for FOR SORGHUM SUGAR raising corn, wheat, cotton, and other products. I have not time we paid $19,817; of which all was paid to two corporations in to refer to all the decisions of the courts upon this question and Kansas, except $19 paid to an individual in Minnesota. must be conte.nt with citations from some of the most important. FOR CANE SUGAR I desire to begin with the following from that well-considered we paid $8,763,830.75; of which there was ·paid to 600 persons, case of Sharpless vs. Philadelphia (~1 P a ., 147): Taxation 1s a mode of raising revenue for public purposes. When it is firms, andcqrporationsin Louisiana, $8,584,865 .. 54; to twelve per­ prostituted to objects in no way connected with the public interest. 01; wel­ son!3, frms, and corporations in Texas, $174,943.90; to twelve per- fare it ceases to be taxation and becomes plunder. 182 CONGRES&IONAL RECORD-HOUSE. . JANU.ARY·22,

This is th~ language of :tJiat _ p~re, illust~ious, and abl~ son~ of I I hold in my hand- the veto message of the courageous and Pennsylvama, the late Ch1ef Justice .ferem1ah S. Black; m.l8<:>3. able gove1'nor at the State of Texas of the bill passed bv the The principle then announced was followed· by that emment General Assembly of that great State authorizing tt to accept juris~ of Michigan, Ju~ge Thomas M. COoley,, in the Sale~. case, the sugar bounty from t~e .Fed~ral G_overnment for sugar pro- 20 Mich., 452. Speakmg for the court he mtes the deC1S1on of duced by the State convicts. I heartily approve his courseand Judge Black, and uses almost the identical language. Here is commend his-strong and ableargument to gentlemen who favor what he said:- the boun.ty system. I wish! could burn into br-ain <:>f every dem- It must be imposed for a public, not for a-mer.epriva.te purpose.. Taxation ocra tic Representative here the thought expressed by him that isa.modeot raisin~evenueforpubllcpurposesonly , a.nd, asissrudinsome "theselawsaregovernm t l · th lmi t' f te o1 the cases, when 1t is~rostituted to objects in no wa.y connected with the . . . . . en a cr~mes, .e cu na wn O pa rn- pnblic interest or welfare it ceases to be taxation a.Ild becomes plunder. allStlC.rmq rut.:y. 'Fbose w~,o rece1 ve their' benefits are blinded t o In the Vernon case, reported in 27low.a, page31, Chief Justice the evils lurking lD them. Dillon, following the cases I have cited, said: No ~uthority noT, as I believe. even dictum can be found which asserts that APPENDIX. there can be any legitimate taxation where the money to be raised does not SUGAR BOUNTY-PROCLAMATION AND SEECIAL MESSAGE BY GOVERNOR J. S• go into the public treasury or is not destined for the use of the government HOGG, OF TEXAS, VETOING A BILL AUTTIORIZING THE STAT.Iil TO ACOEP~ IT or some of the public governmental divisions or the State. fu other words, FROM THE FEDERAL GOVERNYEN'r. a.. public governmental usa or purpose is involved in and is essential to the EXECUTIVE OFFICE, Au_stin, Tex., May 20, ~893. idea of a tax. To the Public: The late lamented Justice Miller of the Supreme Uourt of the By the authority ve~ted in. the governor by the constitution-, I hereby give United States in the Topeka case, 20 Wall., 655, said: - notice a.Ild make public proclama.tlon that I disapprove hous.e bill No. 206, To lay with one hand the power ot the Government on the property of the P~ - sed by the last Legislature, which proposes " to authorize, empower, and citizen and with the other to bestow it upon favored individuals to aid pri­ drrect· the superintendent of the Staw penitentiaries to receive from -the vate enterprises and build up private fortunes is none the less a robbery be­ Treasurer of the United States, for- the gener:~.l revenue or the State, the cause it is done under the forms of law a.Ild is ca.lled taxation. This is not bounty on sugar raised and ma.Ilufactured on the State penitentiary convict legislation. I tis a decree under legislative form. farms," received. in the executive office the 9th day of this month. Nor is it taxation. A.. •· tax," says Webstet·'s Dictionary, "is a rate or sum . I vetoed such a law as this two years ago, and shall never consent to one of money assessed on· the person or property of a citizen by goveTnment like it so long as I represent public interests and can rea.d the Constitution tor the use of the nation or state." "Taxes are burdens Ol' charges imposed of the United States, and understand tlle ptinciples upon which the Govern­ by the legislature upon Ilel'sons or property to raise money for public pur­ ment was founded. It is well for the public to look at this "sugar bounty" in the light of the poses..' ' Fed.era.Llliw granting it. This boun.ty then, Mr. Chairman, is not only unjust_ but uncon­ In Schedule E of the act. of Congress approved October 1,1890, the United sti tc tionaL States Government directs that until July 1, 1905, there shall be paid from ! appeal to thegentlemenon this side of the House to wipe from any moneys in the Treasury at Washington not otherwise appropriated, to the producer. oi sugar, testing not less than 90° by the polariscope, from the s tatute book every vestige of bounty, every iota of law that beets, sorghum, or sugar-cane grown within the United States a. bounty of will permit either directlv or indirectly money collected in the 2 cents per pound, under such rules and regulations as the Commissioner of Intern!ll R-evenue, with the approval ot the Secretary o:t the Treasury shall form of taxes to be taken from the publi.c Treasury and paid over prescnbe_ to pr ivate corporations and individuals. When we have purged To entitle the producer of sug~U to this bounty, he must file, prior to the thi& bill of this vicious principle then. we upon this side of the 1st day of July each year, with the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, a no­ tice of the place of production, with a general discription of the machinery Chamber can accept it as the first step in the great tariff reform and methods to be employed by him, an estimate of the amount o.t sugar movement. which will I trust soon give us a tariff for revenue and a proposed t-o be Produced in the current or next ensuing year. and make an commercial freedom that "links all mankind in one common application !orlicense to so produce, accompanied by a bond in a penalty and brotherhood of mutual dependence and interests.'' with sureties, to be approved by the Commissioner. of Intex:nal Revenue, conditioned that he will faithfully observe-all rules and regulations that M r . REED. Then you regard the present proposed action as sha.ll be prescribev: t.h.e. ex;penses otand to pay a premium to those : consumption? I will not be drawn into a discussion upon the engaged in private pursuits. question of pu.;ting sugar upon thedutiablelist. I prefer to have The express purpose of the people in framing and of the- States in adopt­ ing the Constitution was to form a more com-pact union, to establish justice, it remain free, and I hope we will take no backward step in our to insure domestic tranquility, to provide !or the common defense, to pro­ movement, but I do not hesitate- to say that I would prefer to mote the general welfare, and to secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves have a duty on it rather than have a b ounty. and our posterity. The powers of the Congress were lintited to the accom­ plishment Qf these ends. How can an appropriation out of the general In. my judgment the time has come when the taxing- power of Treasury to be paid to sugar-raisers aid in forming a more perfect union? the Government should be directed toward the wealth of the How can it establish justice? How will it insure domestic tranquility? country to the end that it should be made to assist in defray­ How can it provide for: the common defense? How does 1t promote the gen­ eral welfare? How can. it secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and ing the expenses of it. The consumers have for years borne our posterity? If it fails to accomplish some of these purposes, then the the greater part of t hese bu rdens. The appeal comes to us now Co.mgress had not the power to make the appropriation. All observant men for r elief. We have promised it. We are able to give it. The see and understand that the excuse for all such usurnation of power by the Congress; exerci ed invariably at the expense of the greJ.t mass-of the peo· expanse bill gets larger and larger, and wealth more and more ple for the enrichment of the fe-w :who fill the lobbies around the Capi­ audacious. The pension roll grows longer and longer~ War tol, finds a cloak under the clause of the Constitution which authorizes that expenses, naval expenses, current expenses of every kind in­ body to "provide for the general welfaTe or-the United States." I can not understand how it is to the "gellfll'al welfare" of tlle several States, or of ere:: e , and yet we are told by some that the wants of the peo­ the. United States, or of the people of the United States, !or ':Cexas to be ple shall pay it all, while wealth shall pa-y nothing-. g_iwn a bounty brthe FederatGovemment'tor raistn-g sugar; 1894. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE .. 1183

This product, it is true, is of common use ~ong the-people, and its cheap­ Mr. MEIKLEJOHN. I offer the amendment I send to the ness to them is desirable. So it may be sa1d of cotton, ~heat, oats, corn, rice, hay, heef, pork, poultry, potatoes, g?obers. melons, pme rosin, and all desk. other articfes of real or apparent necesSity among the masses. The State The Clerk read as follows-: can. with her 3,600 convicts, raise all these products in great abundance at a Strike out on.page 28 "schedule E," andins&tinlietLthereof: fine profit, if the General Government grantS and she shall_accept a. bounty "231. That on and after July 1, 1891., anci until July 1, 1905, there shall be on them. There is as much authority for- Congress to g1ve a bounty on paid, from any moneys-in the Treasury notr otherwise appropriated, under chickens as on sugar. U tile purpose is to promote the genera.! weUa.r~. it the provisions of section 3689 ot the Revised Statutes, to the producer of would appear that articles of necessity, such as bread, meat. and. clothing, sugar. testing-not less than 90° by the polariscope, from beets, sorghum. or would be the first on which a. bounty should be given. This would reach and sugar-cane grown within the United States, or from maple sap produced help the wheat and corn raiser, the herdsmen and the cotton-planter, and within the United States, a bounty of 2 cents per pound; and upon such sugar give cheap food and raiment. to the millions. Indeed, it w~uld_putJnillions testing less than 90° by the polariscope, and not 1ess than 80", a bounty ot tt in the pockets of the great army of producers now struggling under heavy cents per. pound, under such rules and regulations as the Commissioner of burdens. and add the finishing touch oo the ideal Government of t~ose who Internal Revenue, with the approvaL of the Secretary of the 'I:reasury, shall regard the "bounty system" as the catholicon ot- all economic ills; and prescribe." further it would furnish to civilization an example of the ~enerositr of Con­ "232. The producer of said sugar to be entitled to said bounty shall have gress, dkplayed in the exercise of its discretionarynower, m proVidmg "for first filed prior to July 1 ot each year with the Commissioner of Inte-rnal the genera.! welfare of the United States." . · Revenue a notice of the nlace of production, with a general description or The authority or Texas to take this money from the Federal Government the machinery and methods to be employed by him, with an estimate of the demonstrates the evil of the paterna.! system into which our General Gov­ amount of sugar proposed to be p1·oduced in the current or next ens~ ernment is drifting. It strongly supports the suspicion that none buttho~e year, including the number of maple trees to be tapped, and an applicatiOn who are able to help themselves need apply. Texas needs no assistance m for a license t-o so produce, to be accompanied by a bond in a penalty, apd farming. Sugar-raisers as a. rule are 1ihe-wealthiest"J)lanters. There are no with sureties to be appro-ved. by the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, cob.­ poor ones engaaed in the business in this State. Most of them are very rich ditioned that be will faithfully observe all rules and regulations that shall m every respect beyonci the necessity of governmental aid. The State's be prescribed !or such manufacture and production of sugar. farm or 2 000 acres, on which she makes sugar and cotton, is worth less than "233. The Commissioner of Internal Revenue, upon receiving the applica­ many of those p.ear by belonging to individuals, and it is valued at $245,~6. tion..and bond hereinbefore provided for, shall issue to the applicant a li­ After deducting all expenses or maintenance and operation last year with­ cense to produce sugar from sorghum, beets, or ~>ugar-cane grown within out any bounty the crop on. this !arm yielded the State, according to the re­ the United States, or. from maple sap produced within the United States at port of the financial agent, a net profit of $61,976. the place and with the machinery and by the methods described in the ap­ The report of superintendent or penitentiaries shows that for the· period plication; but said license shall not extend beyond one year !rom the date of the past six years the crops have yielded her the aggre~ate net ~urn of thereof. $229,968. When the low prices during this period ru;e considered,_ With the "234. No bounty shall be- paid to any person. engaged in ·refining sugars further fact that the farm is worked by such conVIcts as arre-unfit for use which have been imported into the United States or produced in the United Within the walls and can not be hired out, then some idea may be had of the States upon which the bounty herein provided for has already ~en paid or profits of the sugar business operated on a large seal~. U Con~e~s was applied for, nor to any person unless be shall have fi:rst been llcensed as considering the "general welfare of the United States when.it rallied to herein provided, and only upon sugar produ-ced by such person from sor­ the aid or the rich planters engaged in thisprofitablepri:va.teindnstryin the ghum, bee~ or sugar-cane grown within the United States, or from maple bestowal on them of this liberal bounty, it may be pertinently asked, How sap produced within the United States. The Commissioner of InternaJ far does the Governme-nt stand committed to this precedent· to assist those Revenue, with :the approval of the S~cretary of the Treasury, shall from following less remunerative pursuits when they shall ca.ll for help? To _the time to time make a.ll needfulrules and regulations fm: the manufacture or needy a.lms should go. This is the rule of charity. If followed to its log;.cal sugar from sorghum, b~ets , or sugar-cane grown within the United States, 1·esul t, where will this precedent end? or from maple sap produced within the United States, and shall, under the The Government can not be operated without revenue. WithouUt a.llthe direction of the Secretary of the Treasury, exercise supervision and inspec­ work in her Departments would cease. Government revenue is no more nor tion of the manufacture ther.eo:r. less than money collected from the people by taxation in some form. or other. "235. And for the payment of these bounties the Secretary of the Treasury After all, it comes out of theproductionsof the soil. To support t~bounty is a;nthonzed to draw warrants on the Treasurer of the United States for all ra.rmers must be taxed. For-this and other. purposes, Wlthcrusbingforce such sums as shall be necessary, which sums. shall be certified to him by the the Government unceasingly lays its tax-reaping hand on the fruits of labor. Commissione1·ofinternal Revenue, by whom the bounties shall be disbursed, From this cause murmurings are heard everywhere. It nowtakes annually and no bounty shall be allowed or paid to any person lic-ensed a.s aforesaid at least 30 per cent or the active circulating medium of the United States to in any one year upon any quan ti-cy of sugar less than 500 pounds. -pay Federal taxes. The people are tired or this condition. and they ought "23tl. That anyperson whoshallkn()Winglyrefine or aid in the refining of to be. Departure by the Government from its legitimate functions is the sugar imported into the United States or upon.which. the bounty herein pro­ cause. Favoritism at the rewat the expense of the many is the method. vided for has already been paid or applied for, at the place de cribed in the These bounty laws are governmental crimes, the culmination of paternal­ license issued by the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, and any person not istic iniquity. Those who receive their benefits are blinded to the- evils entitled to the bounty herein provided for, who snail apply for or receive lurking in them. Strong resistance will be made to the abrogation of the the same, shall be guilty at a misdemeanor., and, upon. con:viction thereof, sug11 r bounty, but Texas cannot by my actor acquiescence become commit­ shall pay a fine not exceeding $5,00!), or be imprisoned for a period not ex­ ted to the movement. The wrong should be wiped out and our· State should ceeding five years, or both, in the discretion of the court. take part in the work. She can not with clean hands dosotl she acc~ptsthe "237. AU sugars above No. 16 Dutch standard in color shall pay a duty or money. Driftwood on a great stream at first seems harmless. Let It alone five-tenths o:f 1 cent per pound: Provided, That all such sugars a~ove ~o: 16 and in time the r1ver's current becomes changed by it, submerging the Dutch standard in color shall pay one-tenth of 1 cent per pound m additiOn country all round. So with this bounty law. Permit it to stanci a~d the to the rate herein provided for, when exported from, or the product of any Government will follow the course already changed from a republic to a country when and so long as such country pays or shall hereaiter pay, di­ centralism, sweeping in its way the liberties of the people. Shn.ll Texas be rectly or indirectly, a bouncy on the exportation of any sugar. that may be­ acces ory to this crime? No, not with my consent. included in this grade which is greater than is paid on raw sugars of alow~r On anothe-r point I oppo e the State's accelltance of the bounty. In the saccharine strength; and the Secretary of the Treasury shall prescribe smt­ management of her affairs- she is sovereign, supreme, subject only to the able rules and regulatiuns to carry-this provision into etl'ect: .And provided eontrol of the people within her dominion. To accept this- boun1;Jr for sugar, further, That all ma-chinery purchased abroad and erected in a beet-sugar she would surrender the supervision and inspection of one of her most 1m: factory and used in the pro"duction of raw sugar in the United State& from portant industries to the Federal Government. For spoils she would open beets produced therein shall be admitted duty free until the 1st day of July, the way for the invasion and final destruction of her independent autonomy. 18-: Provided, Tbat any-duty collected on any or the above-described ma­ For a mess of pottage, seasoned with the sacrifice of principle, boiled in sin, chinery purchased abroad and imported into the United States fox the uses she wonld surrender her birthlight. above indicated since January l, 1890; shall be refunded. To procure this money, she must fils with the Federal Commissioner of 238. Sugar candy and all confectionery, including chocolate confectionery, Internal Revenue a notice of the place of production. To himshe mustgive made wholly or in part of sugar, vaJ.ueci at 12 cents or less per pound, and a description of the machinery and methods employed by her in the work. on sugars after being refined, when tinctured, colored, or in any way adul­ To him abe must give an estimate of the amount of sugar she proposes to pro­ terated. 5 cents pe1· pound. duce. To him she must make application for a license to follow the pursuit. 239. All ot her confectionery, including chocolate confectionery, not spe­ To him she must look for rules and regulations of the business. To him cially proVided for in this act, fifty per centum ad valorem. she must give bonds with sureties that she will obey the law. To him she 240. Glucose, or grape sugar, three-fourths or 1 cent per pound. must yield inspection and supervision of her farming operations. To him 241. That the provisions of this act nroviding terms for the admission of will she must become bound by bond that she notonlyobeythe law, but that imported sugars a~ molasses and for. the payment of a boun!'Y on sugars she will "faithfully observe all rules and regulations that shall be prescribed of domestic productiOn shall take e:trect on the 1st day of April, 1891: Pro­ by him for the manuractm·eof sugar.'' For infraction of the law her agents and officers would besubjectto prosecution, fine, and imprisonment through vided, That on and after the 1st day of Ma.rch, 1891, and prior to the 1st day or he Federal courts. We all know what this means. Spies, informers-, and Apcil, 1891, sugar& not exceeding No. 16 Dutch standard in color may be re­ fined,in bond without payment or duty, and such refined sugars ~ay be irresponsible deputy marsha.ls would swagger and lurk around the farm transnorted in bond and stored in bonded warehouse at such pomts of worse than the locusts of Egypt. Nothing would please them better than to d.estination as are provided in eXisting laws relating to the immediate "rope" the State of Texas into the "national court," where they could mag­ transportation of dutiable goods in bond, under such rules and regulations nify the power of the li.,ederal judge. at the expense of her. independence and integrity. as shall be prescribed by the Secretary or the Tre.a.sru.:y. Other potent reasons should move the State to refuse this bounty. She Mr. MEIKLEJOHN. Mr. Chairman, how much time have I? is no pauper nor mendicant. She is a sovereign State, in the full control of has her institutions, capable of repelling with indignation every subtle eJ!ort to The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman five minutes. The destr,py her autono..ay. When she needs money she will resort to consti­ Chair will state that the time taken in the reading oi amend­ tutiohal means and· call on Texans to pay it. She wculd not appeal to ments is not taken from the ti'lle of the gentleman occupying Massachusetts, Georgia. or other States to help her; nor Will she accept the floor. money paid for public purposes by her sisters to the Federal Go-vernment, simply because the Congress is willing, in the exercise o1 arbitrary power, Mr. MEIKLEJOHN. The amendment which I offer to the. in defiance of the Constitution, to let her have it. amendment of the gentleman from Arkansas [Mr. McRAElis For the sake of the masses, now taxed beyond endurance through tlle Vi­ the provision of the existing law known as the McKinley law. cious, insidious tariff system; for the respect dueto her own people; tor the preservation of her own independence; for the perpetuity of sound princi­ This act was passed in 1890, giving a bounty o! 2 cents per pound ples of government, the State of Texas now, and so long as I am governor, on the domestic production of sugar,. to secure cheaper su~ar, shall treat this sugar bounty with derisive contempt. She will not handicap her Senators and Congressmen in the performance of their duties to have increase production, and for the encouragement.of American the law repealed; she will not stultify her statehood; she will not violate capitaL 'Jllie object of that law ha& been fulfilled m the- utmost Democratic pledges to strike down such measures: she will not stain her deg-ree. hands nor disJJ.onor her name by the a-cceptance of thls money-the polluted in $150,000,000 fruits of crime against justice and the Constitution. We have to-day invested Louisiana of capital; Very respectfully, in the State of California, $10,COJ,OOO; in the State of Florida, J_ S, HOGG, $5,000,.000;. in Utah and in Nebrru3ka $1,_500,000, engaged lin the Governor of Texas. production· of domestic sugan.

./ / ·1-184 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD--HOUSE. JANUARY 22,

~he Wilson bill now proposes to cutdown the bounty on sugar transportation companies of this country $7,000,000 in freights. and instead of giving 2 cents a pound on the manufacture of do­ You would pay in maintenance, insurance, repairs and taxes $50,- mestic sugar, it provides for an average of nine-elevenths of a 000,000; for filter cloths and bags $7,000,000, or a tota.l commerce cent per pound per annum for the term of eleven years, to the of $296,000,000. Add to thatamountthegold you send to foreign expiration of the time limited under the McKinley law. You countries for sugar, $116,000,000, and you will have an interstate pass this provision of the Wilson bill and you destroy the Amer­ commerce resulting from this industry amounting to $412,0GO,OOO. Ican industry for the production of sugar. You cutdown the do­ Can you say that the sugar industry is not one of importance mestic industry 59-fi per cent, while you reduce the protection to the American people? only 50 per cent on sugar in which the sugar trust of this coun­ Mr. Chairman, I believe this industry now is on the ro::td to try is interested. The trust brings in the rawmaterialfreeand ultimate success; and when you consider the fact that in Louisi­ produces the refined sugar and you give them a profit of one­ ana the sugar-producers have increased their acreage 100,000 . fourth of 1 cent on every pound . a.cres, have added $10,000,000 to the capital invested since the You take the domestic sugar and cut it down 59n per cent, passage of the McKinley bill; that they have invested millions and in the e:even years you destroy the entire industry in this of dollars in California, Utah, and Nebraska; and when yon con­ country and place'yourselves at the mercy of the foreign pro­ sider the further fact that capital is ready to be invested in Mus­ ducers of sugar. catine and Sioux City, Iowa; in Anaheim and San Diego, Cal.; The gentleman from Indiana [Mr. BYNUM], before the Ways in Syracuse, N. Y.; in Omaha and Lincoln, Nebr., and at other and Means Committee, inquired of Mr. Oxnard, in his examina­ points, we ought to consider this question from a business stand­ tion, if we did"tlotpayto foreign countries in exchange for sugar point, and I appeal to your wisdom and unbiased and unpreju­ the products of our American soil? I want to say that we do not; diced jud~ment. Destruction of bounty means destruction of that while we imported $60,0GO,OOO worth of sugar from Cuba in the sugar industry, in support of which I quote from the very 1~92 we sent them only $17,000,000 of our products; we imported able and scientific authority on this question, Prof. H. W. from Hawaii $7,000,000 worth of sugar and sent them $3,000,- Wiley, chitJf chemist of the Department of Agriculture: 000 of our products; -we imported from Santo Domingo $2,000,000 Sm: In compliance with your request or recent date, I beg to give the fol­ worth of sugar, while we exported to that country $1,000,000 of lowing expression or my Views on the subject or the sugar bounty, which I ask you.to use in such way as you may see fit: our products; we imported from the British Guianas $4,000,000 The present actual cost or the production of beet, cane, and sorghum worth of sugar, while we sent them but $1,000,000ofour prod­ sugar in the United States is almost he same for each variety, and is, per­ ucts and manufa.ctures, and we imported from the Philippine haps, a trifie over 4 cents a pound. The market value of the raw sugar so produced is about 3 cents a pound, deducein~ the freights. If, therefore, Islands $2,000,000 worth of sugar, and sent them only $70,~14 of sugar remains on the free list and the bounty 1s removed it would cause the American products. We have not paid for sugar in our products producers in this country a net loss pt 1 cent a pound on every pound of and manufl!.ctures, but we have paid for it in gold through ex­ sugar made. The immediate result or such a policy would be the closing of every sugar-house in the United States and the utte1· destruction ot the sugar change on London. industry. Mr. Chairman, the question is, do we desire to drain the ag­ If the bounty be removed, a duty should be placed on sugar of l:! cents 1n gregate wealth of this country by the importation of 4,000,000,000 order that the manufacture may be profitable. Eight years ago, when the Department commenced its experiments in im­ pounds of sugar which are consumed annually by us. The per proving the methods of culture or sugar-producing plants and the manufac­ capita consumption of sugar is 65 pounds, and reduced the aggre­ ture of sugar therefrom, the actual cost of the production ot every pound ot gate wealth of this country to the extent of $116,000,000 annually sugar in the United States was about 6 cents. In eight years the actual cost of production has been reduced 2cents a pound, and every year, owing to the in 1893. If you enact the provisions on sugar contained in this introduction or new methods, the cost or production is diminishing. It is bill you place us at the mercy of foreign nations, and this drain not ditll.cult to foresee that in from ten to fifteen years, the time appointed will increase until the annual depletion of the wealth of this na­ by law tor the continuation of the bounty, the cost or sugar-production in this country would be so reduced as to render possible the manufacture of tion will reach $150,000,000. sugar at a profit without any protection whatever; but in the present status [Here the hammer fell.] of the industry such a consummation is impossible at once. Mr. DINGLEY. Mr. Chairman, I ask that the gentleman may The sugar industry of the country, therefore, depends tor its existence upon the wisdom of Congress in dealing with the subject in the moditication have five minutes additional time. This is an important ques­ of the tarift which is about to take place. I was opposed to granting the tion and concerns us all. bounty in the first place, and made an argument before the Ways and Means The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Maine [Mr. DING­ Committee in favor of a duty or 1! cents a pound, which was a reduc­ tion of about 25 per cent over the prevailing rate. Such a reduction of the LEY] asks unanimous consent that the gentleman may have five duty it is believed would have been permanent, and would have left the in­ minutes additional time, to be taken from the time accorded to dustry in a much more favorable situation thau it is at present. , . that side of the question, of course. If there be no objection the If capitalists could be assured that the present fiscal policy of the Gov­ ernment in relation to sugar would be continued, there are many millions request will be granted. The Chair hears none. of dollars which would at once be invested in the manu!acture otbeet sugar; Mr. MELKLEJOHN. You give to the sugar producers of but with the uncertainty ot Congressional action which now exists it is America the protection given to rice in t.his bill, 83 per cent, doubtful whether a single new factory will be built during the coming sea­ son. and you will give them from 2t to 3 cents a pound on sugar. You Respectfully, give them the 73 per cent which you place on peanuts, as pro­ H.W.WILEY, vided in the present bill, and you will give the producers of Chief of the CILemical mvision. sugar a protection of 2t cents a pound. The protection you put Hon.G.D.~OHN, • on tobacco is from 89 to 198 per cent in this bill. Give that pro­ United States House of Representatives. tection to sugar and it will be from H to 6 cent~ per pound. The intelligent and frugal nation of Sweden, like Germany, You put on chicory 54 per cent. Place that protection on sugar France, Austria-Hungary, and the Netherlands, has in its wis­ and it would be a duty from H to 2 cents per pound. You place dom adop~d this policy to render itself independent of other a duty of 113 per cent on snuff, and a like protection on sugar nations for sug-ar. would amount to 3t cents a pound. In a recent communication from Prof. Wiley, he says: If you want to look for precedents for the protection of the DECEMBER, 12, 1893. Sm: Since you were here !"have received the Journal des Fabricants de sugar industry in America, investigate the p rotection in Aus­ Sucre for November 29, 1893, containing some interesting statistical informa· tria-Hungary, which is 4 cents per pound; the protection in tion in regard to the sugar industry in Sweden. Belgium, which is 5 cents a pound; the protection in France, In 1881 there was only one sugar factory in Sweden, which consumed 16.07 tons of beets and produced 7.60 per cent ot raw sugar. During the last cam­ which -is 6 cents a pound; the protection in Germany, which is paign, 1892-'93 there were ten factories in operation, consuming 277,443 tons 3 cents a pound; in the Netherlands, 4 cents per pound, and in or beets and producing a yield of 10.80 per cent of ra.w sugar. The editor Russia, 8 cents per pound. calls attention to the fact that the average consumption or beets in the ten Swedish factories was 27,74.4 tons, while in France the average for each rae­ Mr. Chairman, in the State which I have the honor in part to tory is 14,900 tons, in Germany 24,400 tons, and in Austria-Hungary 33,000 represent, there are two of these sugar factories, each of which tons. , are turning out a product of 50,000 pounds of sugar per day, and The sugar legislation playsinSweden, as in other countries, an important role in r espect of the development of the industry aud its technical progress. each consuming 300 tons of beets daily, or 20,000 tons of beets per The present law came into force on the 1st of July, 1893. The duty on sugar annum. The two factories this year have put out q,OOO,OOOpounds under this law, herealter, will be laid on a basis of a legal yield of 9 per cent of sugar. That consumption of beets has paid to the farmers in of raw sugar on the weight of the beet, and the tax placed upon the yield is to be the hair the duty collected on imported sugars inferior to No. 18 or the our State $200,000 for this agricultural product. Dutch standard. To produce all the sugar used in this country, 4,000,000,000 For t-he transition period between the old and new law the legal yield is pounds, it will require 1,000 manufactories, employing 1,200 men fixed at 7.5percent until the 1st o! September, 1894, and at 8.25 percent until the 1st of September, 1895, at which time the legal yield above mentioned, of each, or 1,200,000 men, on whom would be dependent 6,000,000 of 9 per cent. goes into effect. American citizens. . In order to encourage the industry in a part or the country not yet devoted You would consume a product of 30,000,000 tons of beets and to sugar-beet culture it is decreed that for the first factory which shall be established 1n the Province or Goetland, the legal yield will be diminished cane, and in that consumption you would patronize the coal in­ by 3 per cent during the first three campaigns and 2 per cent during the two dustries of this country to the extent of $24,000,000. You would following campaigns. 'l'he law also contains a provision, which appears to -pay labor $47,000,000. You would patronize the coke kilns of be an excellent one in promoting new factories, that for all new factories installed at more than 30 kilometers from former factories the legal yield'..; Pennsylvania to the extent of $5,000,000. You would consume shl.>.ll be diminished by 2 per cent during the first three campaigns and b,Y 1 limestone to the extent of $1!000,000. The investment in oil per cent during the two following campaigns, while factories which are m­ would be $1,000,000. Jn bags $5,000,000. You would pay to the stalled within a radius of less than 30 kilometers of existing ones will bQ

•'' 1894. OONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE: 1185

subject to the maximum legal yield. This pr-ovision evidently has for its hesitation, inasmuch as I recognize the ability, fidelity, a."'ld purpose the restriction of the competition between factories in the purchase painsbking care with which this bill has been prepared by the of t.he raw material. The privilege accorded the new facto~ies has already b?rne fr~t, and the Committ.ee on Ways and Means. While the measure is not in first sugar association of Goetland has JUSt been formed mth a capital of c-oo,- all respects such a on!:l as would commend itself in every detail 000 crowns, and others are in ~rocess of formation. . to the membership of the House, yet in its entirety it fairly The consumption or sugar m Sweden amounts, at the present t1me, to about 14 kilograms per head. The duty on imported sugar is 23.5 (the value reflects the views of the Democratic party a::; declared in 'their of a Swedish crown is $0.:m8 of United States money) crowns per 100 kilo­ last national convention at C~icago. If not in all its phases grams. Inasmuch as the tax on domestic sugar is only one-half of the ii:J;l­ strictly a revenue tariff, it must be conceded to be a pronounced port tax and that all the yield over 9 per cent is absolut-ely free of tax, it lS seen that the protection which the Swedish manufacturer has is a very large and aggressive step in the direction of commercial freedom, and one and :J.S a result we may expect a rapid development of .the industry in the emancipation of the farmers and other producers of the that country. ' country from the burden of unjust: unequal, and exorbitant tax Respectfully, • H. W. WILEY, ation. Hon. G. D. MEIKLEJOHN. Chief of the Chemical JJivision. For thirty years the Republican party have been attempting. United States Hou.ae of llept•ese-ntatives. the impossible feat of selling to every nation of the world, whilst As evidence of the interest manifested in this important indus­ refusing to buy of any. They have utterly ignored, except in try in the South outside of the cane-sugar halt, I quote the fol­ their feeble attempts to est!tblish "reciprocity" with South lowing lett.er from the director of the North Carolina Agricul­ American countries, the fundamental doctrine of reciprocal trade. tural Experiment Station: They have put themselves in oppo:,ition to natural laws by the JANUARY HI, 1894. payment of excessive bounties to establish and maintain indus DEAR Sm: Your letter of the 14th, addressed to the Secretary of Agricul- t · h" h t · t t b d th t b d ture has' been referred to me. It is possible that the station will conduct rles w lC can no exis excep as a ur en upon e grea o Y exp~riments in the cultivation of sugar beets during the coming se:1~10n. of consumers of the United States. This depends, however, upon whether or not certain parties, who have de- The Wilson bill makes a long stride in the direction of a re- sired further information before locating sugar-beet factory, sha.ll fully de- a1 f th · 1· It k to 1 th f f · cide to go into the business. This, in a great measure, will be dependent vers 0 18 P0 Icy· see ·s en arge e area o o :1r ore1gn upon the action of Congress.tn regard ~o the s~gar bounty .. A good many trade by giving the manufacturers free raw material, so that years ago, in !8'78, the exyerrment statiOn earned on some mvestigatlons they may compete in all the markets of the world with the man upon the same subject With very encouraging results. We have every va- ufacturers of Enf.!'land and other countries. It seeks to enlarge riety of soil and great variety of climate within the confines o! Nort.h Caro- the markets for f-arm products by crl.Vl·ng the farmer an oppor- lina and I hardly think that there is any question but that some portions or r. the State will be found admirably adapted for the cultivation of sugar beets. tunity to sell his products in exchange for the manufactured Very respectfully, H. B. BATTLE, JJirector. products of other countries, which can be produced cheaper than we can produce them in the United States. It seeks to enhance I also quote from the Georgia Southern Farmer, which says: thewagesof labor byincreasingthe demandforlaborconsequent While there is but little said with regard to the growth of sugar beets in ,. 1 d f · t d It k t · th bl · the West this year, it must not be inferred that the business is not prosper- upou an en arge ore1gn ra e. see s o g1ve e essmgs in~anufacturers are feeling their way, ascertaining, first, the sections of the ri~~h~ar~: ~~~~~~~~fti~!~sr~i~~:~:~~bl~~aper necessaries of Westthathavethesoilandtheclimatebestadaptedtobeetproduction,and, N t "th ta th b fi t f t f th 1 second, the locations where on account of the facilities for manufacturing, O Wl s n a·mg ese ene cen ea ures O e measure, including water, :rnel, and the cost of labor, both in the factory and on the .am constrained to say that the provision of the bill which con farm, the business can be conduct-ed at the greatest profit. Mr. L. Huxman, tinues a bounty on sugar for a term of eight years, is wholly at for example, who is superintending the growth of 500 acres of sugar beets for variance with the declarations of the party made in its .. last the Standard Cattle Company, at Ames, Nebr., makes a very fiatteringreport of that section as a beet-growing section. national platform, and I am therefore compelled to endeavor to Mr. Huxman has eighteen years or practical experience in growing beets perfect the measure by eliminating from its provisions this ob- in Germany, and two years in the United States, having last year had · h charge or the beet-growing interests of the Oxnard factory at Grand Island, nOXIOUS paragrap · Nebr. He said to a reporter or the Omaha Bee that he had recently visited In this connection, Mr. Chairman, I desire to invite the atten the beet fields of Norfolk and Grand Island, and notwithstanding the sue- tion of the House to a communication of Hon. W. E. Curtis, cess obtained there, he believed the outlook at Ames was better. His opin· A t" S ~ f th T d d te f D b 22 ion is that the best land in the world for the successful cultivation of the · c mg ccre 11ary O e reasury, un er a O ecem er sugar beets is in the Platte Valley between Srhuyler and Fremont, and that last, wherein appears a list of the sugar producers in the United there is a sufilcient ampunt of land in that section to support several im- States, to whom bounty was paid during the fiscal year ending mir~!{s~;~ra_e~ha.t the German farmers had been as slow to commence the June 30, 1893, and the amount paid to each as shown by the growing of beets for sugar as the Americans, and rerused to engage in it at books of the Commissioner of Internal Revenue. The statement all until a profit was demonstrated beyond the shadow or a doubt. which was prepared for Hon. JOSEPH E. WASHINGTON, chairman This done, they had to be educated as to the best methods of producing f th S b 'tte p t d Ind fi 't A · beets, and he concluded by saying that he thinks it will be but a short time 0 e u comml e on ermanen an e Dl e pproprla- until the ·greatest sugar producing country in the world will be the Platte tions, discloses the fact that, for the fiscal year named, $9,345,­ Valley of Nebraska. 130.88 was exacted as a tribute from the taxpayers of the United Weseenoreasontodoubttheconclusions. Theinvestigationsoflast year States to maintain the beet-sugar, sorghum sugar, cane-sugar as to the canaeity of the soils of the United States to grow beets rich in sugar have been most satisfactory. The facilities for manuiacturing and and maple-sugar indust1·ies. the cost of labor are the greatest difficulties to overcome. This will be done The beet-suc-ar industrv seems to be limited to the St:Ltes of inSuppose time. the United States, instead of paying out between fifty and one California. and Nebraska and the Territory of Utah~. the .b enefi- hundred million dollars for sugar, should, by home production, keep that Ciaries being three corporations in the St:tte of Ca1 1forma, at a money at home? Can not anyone see what an important result this would cost of $42- ,723.81; in Nebraska two corporations, at a cost of have on the whole business a!Iairs or this country? It would permanently $76,170; whilst the industry in Utah was entirely controlled by check any outflow of gold to pay international balances, and, as much as any one thing, would tend to make the United States independent finan- one corporation, which received from the Treasury $29!470; or a . ·, ciallyof all other countries in the world. total bounty paid to all producers of beet sugar amounting to I appe!lrl to you in the ]nterest of the consumers of sugar, and $531,363.81. especially in the interest of the farmer. The sorghum-sugar industry has but a feeble and fitful exist- 1 call your attention to a comparison of the duty and bounty ence in the States of Kansas and Minnesota, two corporations re- systems. ceiving in the former $19,798, while a single individual in the The average consumption of sugar is 65 pounds per capita. State of Minnesota is the sole beneficiary to the extent of $19, nuTY POLICY. the total pillage of the Treasury on account of the bounty on Family of five persons ______pounds__ 325 sorghum sugar being $19,817. Price under dutypoliCY------·-----cents per pound ____8_! This report also shows that 1,182 individuals are the recipients $27.08 of the bounty on maple sugar, the distribution and amount of DOUNTY POLICY. bounty being as follows: Family of five persons------· ______pounds._ 325 Price tmdl3r bounty policy ______cents per pound.-~ . Number Amount 16 25 States. or pro- of Dilference in favor of bounty policy ______------______10.83 ducers. bounty. This is enough to pay the taxes of many a farmer. Maine ______--- ·· ______: ______l $51.42 I appeal to you to look at this question as one involving our 68 1,127. 36 national welfare and national independence for this article of ~:~~~f~~~~:~ ~~ :~~~ ~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~ ~~~~ ~~ ~ ~ ~~~ j 1,694 6, 29...5. 23 universal consumption. [Applause on the Republican side.] 517 11,703.90 162 I 4,234.57 • :Mr. DOCKERY. Mr. Chairman, I desire, if opportunity offers, 66 2, 131.28 to submit an amendment on page 28 of the bill, striking out all of '~~~~~:~:::~~::~~:~:~~:~~~~:~~~~~~~~:~~~~~~~~:::!Ohio ______------______8 153.48 lines 2 to 10, inclusive, and inserting in lieu thereof the following: 136 3,501.63 Michigan ______----.---- ______; ______55 908.99 That sections 231, 23'2, 233, 234, 235, and 235 or the act entitled ".An act tore­ Minneso~.a. ______------______------4 69.95 duce revenue, equalize duties, and for other purposes," approved October 1 Iowa ______------____ ------1 11.51 I SilO, whkh authorizes the paymento! bounties to producers of sugar be, and the same are hereby, repealed. Total ______------1,182 30,119.82 Mr. Chairman, I offer this proposition with some degree of XXVI-75 1186 CO~GRESSIONAL RECORD---- HOUSE.

Mr. Chairman, it will be noticed that the total bounty for the floor, I arraign the policy which gives or continues a bounty to fiscal year 1893 paid to the producers of beet, sorghum, and maple the farmer who follows the plow between the cane rows in Louis­ sugar aggregated less than $600,000, and the robbery of the iana, whilst denying a bounty to the farmer who follows the bounty system in this relation therefore may be properly char­ plow between the corn rows ofMissouri. The farmers ofmvdis­ acterized as petty larceny. In its r~lation, however, to the cane­ tric.t ask no bounty upon their corn, their wheat, their hogs, sugar production, its scope is so much more widely extended the1r cattle, and other products; they only ask of the Congress that the system becomes respectable, if respectability is to be in of the United States an equal chance in the race of life, and to anywise measured or determined by the enormity of its exa.ction. secure such equality of opportunity they demand the repeal of Here the bounty system rises to the level and dignity of grand this and all other legislation enacted in the interest of favored larceny. I find upon examination or this report that the bene­ classes. [Applause on the Democratic side.] ficiaries of the cane-sugar industry number 623 persons and cor­ Mr. CANNON of Illinois. Mr. Chairman, the discussion thil.t porations, and the amount of the pillage reached the startling led to the placing of sugar on the free list commenced with the aggregate of $8,763,830.75, distributed as follows: so-called Mills bill in 1888. The matt-er was considered by the House at length, and under the leadership of the other side the States. Pro- Amount sugar schedule in the Mills bill remained substantially as it had ducers. or bounty. been, with all its inequalities and iniquities, and was retained, although this side of the House, I being at that time a member, Louisiana .. ____ . ______---- ______. ______------599 $8, 58!, 865. 54 Texas ____ ---- .... ---- ____ ------____ ---· ______12 174, 943. 90 made the best fight they could make to place upon the free list Florida. ______._____ -~ - - ______-----~ 11 3,96o. 45 this tmiversal necessity, nine-tenths of which was then, as it is Mississippi ------______.. ___ _ 1 60.86 now, produced outside of our own borders. We di

said was unconstitutional then; they leave that, but with a down­ that under the doctrine of a common Fatherhood in God there ' ward sliding scale-what for? The Republican party wrote it is the doctrine of a common brotherhood among men, and that there in good. faith for the purpose of trying to establish an in­ among brethren all men should be equal. Equality can only be dustry that would make from the cane and the beet and the established by equal laws that recognize equal rights. I believe sorghum the$100,000,000of product that we buy annually abroad. that there should be swept away, by as rapid a proce!:ls a.s public You leave it there with a decreasing sliding scale for the purpose sentiment will permit, every vestige of legislation that confers of mere gratuity-so much" sop" to Louisiana, pure and simple. an iota of privilege upon any citizen or discriminates against That is all there is of it; and a.s you leave it, it does not leave another. · you in a consistent position, from my standpoint. You do not [Here the hammer fell.] retain it to establish the industry, but you starve the industry Mr. BOATNER. Mr. Chairman,· I ask unanimous consent to .death and rettllin the bounty as a mere gratuity-as a pay­ that the gentleman be permitted to proceed for five minutes. ment, throughout the year& that it is to remain, of these millions Mr. WASHINGTON. I have no objection, on condition that as a bribe to Louisiana to still stay with the Democratic party. it comes out of the time of those in favor of the sugar bounty. That is all there is of it, in my opinion. Mr. BRECKINRIDGE of Arkansas. It comes out of the time I understand that a little later on there is to come a motion to of the committee, of course. put a cent or 2 cents a pound duty upon sugar. That would yield Mr. WASHINGTON. As I understand it, an hour is allowed you from $35,000,000 to $70,000~000, according as you make the to our Republican brethren, one hour to this side, and one to the duty 1 cent or 2 cents. It is your kind of a duty. Are you go­ sugar people. It leaves a good many out who do not agree with ing to have the courage to march up and make your tariff for the committee, and nQ chance to be heard in the debate on this revenue only? If so, here is the item. You might find another question. item in coffee, another item in tea, another item in India rubber. Mr. BRECKINRIDGEof Arkansas. The committee, of course, I do not know whether you have the courage to do it or not; ought to have some time in support of its action as expressed in that is for you to say. But I was surprised when the gentleillllD. the bill. from Missouri [Mr. DOCKERY], in the light of his and his party's Mr. BRYAN. The gentleman fro·m Tennessee will remember record, stood here a little while ago and talked about being op­ that twenty minutes of this time have been already occupied by posed to putting a duty on sugar because it tned the rich and gentlemen in opposition to the bill. the poor alike, when be and his party fought us at every step The CHAIR.l\.1AN. The Chair will state that it has no discre­ when we put sugar on the free list. 0 consistency, 0 common tion in the matter and can only recog-nize gentlemen for five political honesty, where hast thou fled? [Laughter and ap­ mihutes under the rule unless by unanimous consent.that time be plau eon the Republican side.] extended. Is there objection to granting the gentleman from [Here the hammer fell.] Arkansas additional time? Mr. BRECKINRIDGE of Arkansas. Mr. Chairman, in the There was no objection. cou rse. of the deb.ate on this part of the bill it is proposed by Mr. BRECKINRIDGEof Arkansas. Inregard to this bounty some gentlemen to offe1· amendments that will leave sugar free, we are exactly in the same attitude-or at least I find myself in as they say, where it is under the McKinley bill. It would exactly the same attitude-that I am in in regard to every other hardly seem probable that any misapprehension could arise in feature of bounty, direct or indirect, that is in our existing la..w. regard to the provisions of the pending bill upon that point; but There is one advantage and one advantage only about the direct for fear that such may be the case I wish to call attention to the bounty, and that is that it does openly and aboveboard and , . fact t"l\at under the McKinley bill sugar is free only up to No. designedly that which a protective tariff does secretly, conceal- 16l Dutch st:mdard of color. If gentlemen will refer to the fre3 ing its operations from the vision of the people. list of the McKinley bill, which they will find on page 78 of our We are not responsible for either the existing bounty or pro­ clerk's comparative statement oi the present bill and the Mc­ tective tariff. We are responsible to the. American people to Kinley bill, they will find the provision which sustains my state­ get rid of both the bounty and the protective tariff by as rapid a ment. process as is possible under existing conditions. What does our Now, the Wilson bill leaves all those grades of sugar still upon bill say in regard to this bounty? It does not provide for its the free list. Some gentleman remarks that he does not un­ immediate repeal, but it provides for its gradual repeal. It pro­ derstand what is meant by the Dutch standard of color. On that vides that such bounty as remains after the enactment of this point I will say there are two ways of determining the grade of bill shall come to a comparatively early cessation and upon a sugar. One is by its color, and the other is by the test of sac­ graduated scale to a steady minimum. Take the period when charine matter, or sweetness, which it contains. But if you are that terminates under the provisions of this bill. Estimate, if going to be guided by color, there must be some standard of you please, that the American people will be 80,000,000 in num­ color. The Dutch established a standard of color, and we adopted ber and consuming roundly 60 pounds of sugar per capita. They that standard in order to have uniformity: Up to No. 16, which would consume 4,800,000,000 pounds of sugar. is a certain point in the standard of color, .sugar is not fit for There are gentleman who maintain that we shall rapidly pro­ table consumption. There was a time when some of our people gress to a point where our country will produce all that our used comparatively raw sugar upon their tables; but I think it people will consume. Suppose our country produces it all at can be fairly stated that for many years no one has ever seen in that time; what would be the drain upon the public Treasury? a grocery or upon American tables an article of sugar that was At 2 cents a pounditwould be$96,000,000. Under the provisions not above 16 Dutch standard in color. At all events, that is of this bill what would be the drain at that time upon the public very near th~ dividing line. After you get above that, sugars Treasur_y? It would be $6,000,000. become what are called refined sugars, fit for general consump- Without one wordinadvocacyofthe bounty; withoutoneword tion. . or one syllable in its defense, with earnest opposition to it all, I ask gentlemen to call to mind what the McKinley bill does but environed by difficulties inherited from our politcal oppo­ in regard to sugars above 16 Dutch standard of color. It nents, the·committee after a careful consideration of all sides of leave~ half a cent a pound upon all imports of sugar above that the question, came to the final conclusion that this was the standard which come from countries that do not pay an export speediest mode of relief and the best provision that they could bounty upon sugar; but if sugar comes from a country like get through Congress in the present st9>te of divided council Ger!nany that pays an export bounty, then the McKinley bill im­ and the great divisions of sentiment and opinion at present ex­ poses one-tenth of 1 cent additional duty upon such refined isting in Congress. suga}·. Sir, I believe that the House would do wisely to stand by the Nlw, what does the Wilson bill do in regard to refined sugar? provisions recommended by the committee, not that they are :.til It reduces the duty upon it whether it comes from a country that good. There is no proposed solution all good; but it gives you pays an export duty or not, to the uniform rate of one-quarter of at an early period not only a cessation of the bounty, but it gives a cent a pound instead of half a cent a pound, as-"it is now under you a steady decrease and perhaps more rapid progress towards the McKinley law. Therefore, when gentlemen speak of any absolute free sugar than we can otherwise hope for. When the pending amendment as leaving sugar as free as it is under the bounty shall have ceased I trust there will be no voice raised by McKinley bill, and as if it were not that free under this bill: I any one in advocacy of a duty upon any grade of sugar. This, 3:5k them torememberthat up to No.l6Dutch standard we leave Mr. Chairman, is a great boon to a people. sugar absolutely free, and upon all refined sugars we reduce the Gentlemen well informed know that the sugar-refining indus· duties by more than one-half, including the one-tenth of a cent try has substantially ceased to exist in England. allowed upon sugar imported from countries that pay an export The nations of Europe that subsidized that interest destroyed duty. So that sugar is freer under this bill than under the Mc­ under the free-trade policy of England the refining of sugar Kinley bill. across the channel. Her soil had no Cuba adjacent to it to fur­ - Mr. Chairman, a word in regard to the bounty. No gentle­ nish cheap cane as we have, and her soil seems not to be suited man can say a word in denunciation oi bounties, direct or indi­ to the production of the beet. What has she instead? She hag rect, that will not meet with my hearty approval. I b~lieve free sugar for t!l.e canning and preserving of fruits of all kinds, ..-

CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. JANUARY 22 ' and her jam industry alone is manifold greater and employs mani­ during my remarks. The gentleman from Iowa [Mr. GEAR] who fold more of her people than any sugar-refining indus try she ever has just taken his seat says that the action of the Fifty-first h ::td or dreamed of. -It has become one of tlie great industries of Congress, giving this bounty for a certain number of years to the England. sugar-growers, ought to be binding upon this Congress. I denv If our people could have free sugar in order to preserve their the right of any Congress to bind a future Congress by a legiS· fruits and to extend their consumption at home and their mar­ lati ve act of that kind. If this Congress is bound by that promise ket abroad, it would be a great boon to this country, even if it of aid for fifteen years, where is the limit? That Congress stopped the artificial refining of sugar within our own borders. might have promised the same aid for one hundred years; and But the latter result would not be the case, for we are the natural will you say that because the people trusted a Republican Con­ sea.t for ra!ining the raw sugars of Cuba. Our inland beet-sugar gress once: it might have bound them hand and foot for another refineries are protected by distanc3 from the competition of generation, or for a century. 'rhere ca.n be no defense of that rivals, and there is strong reason to believe that the industry in proposition, and, indeed, I think there may be some question, Louisiana is fully able to stand alone. Mr. Chairman, whether the Fifty-first Congress could raise a Therefore, Mr. Chairman, expressing he:trty sympathy and moral obligation of any kind. [Laughter.] absolute ande1,rnestconcurrencein every principle laid down by Three reasons ·are urged in behalf of this bounty or of a tariff those g:entlemen who denounce this bounty, being in hearty sym­ on sugar. Those are the two things-a bounty or a hri.ff on pathy with them in their desire for its more rapid extinction, I yet sugar-that we have to choose between, for this bill can not pass s-wy to them, after the most careful and deliberate consideration the two Houses without either a duty on sugal" or a bounty in the that I have been able to give, that they will find the wiser courae form in which we leave it in the bill, and the arguments made is the more conservative one which has been advised by the are embraced in three classes. Some gentlemen tell us that the committee. bounty is unconstitutional; that this Government has no right Mr. HOOKER of New York. Will the gentleman yield for a to give this money, and I agree with every word that they say. question? . I do not believe that this can be defended on the ground of its Tile CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Arkansas constitutionality. I do not believe that you can defend a bounty [.Mr. B~ECKDTRIDGE] has expired. The gentleman from Ohio to a producer of sugar any more than you can defend a bounty [Mr. HAR1'ER] has been recognized to offer a substitute for the to the people who raise hogs or cattle or sheep or corn or oats, bill, and it is suggested that the substitute be now read. and I call the attention of the House to the fact that this is given 1\ir. PRICE. I submit to the gentleman from Ohio [1\,.r. not to the great mass of the people, but to a few, who receive HARTERl that I would like to offer en amendment to his sub­ large amounts and are interested in this particular industry. stitut-e if it is agreeable to him, and I ask him to withhol_d the Some one has.said that the money paid to the manufacturer of reading of it untill have completed the remarks that I w1sh to sugar goes to the people whom he employs, and has sought to find make on this question. an argument to justify this bounty. That, sir, is equally a de­ Mr. HARTER. That is entirely agreeable. fense for a special appropriation for any purlJOSe. If you vote [Mr. PRICE withholds his remarks for reviEion. Sae Ap­ me $100,000 as a bonus and I use it to build a house or do any­ pendix.] thing else that I please with it, the money will go to tho people whom I employ, but that will not justify the voting of the bonus. Mr. HARTER. Mr. Chairman, I have sent to the Clerk's There can be no more excuse, upon constitutional grounds, for desk a substitute that I ask to have read. voting this money to the producer of sugar than there can be for The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will report the subst.itu:te of­ voting a like bounty to the producer of any other commodity. fered by the gentleman from Ohio [Mr. HARTER]. I· But, Mr. Chairman, the argument is made that this duty is The substitute was read, as follows: needed for protection. If it is wrong to give bounty for protac­ That House bill ~864 be so amended that paragraph 180, page 28, shall read a.s follows: . tion, it is wrong to put on a tariff for protection. If you can not ·• That the bounties authorized to be pa.id to producers of sugar by section give $9,000,000 bountyl and as I contend you can not rightfully, 231 of the act entitled 'An act toreducer!lvenue, equalize duties, and for other you can not rightfully place a tax upon sugar for the avowed and purposes,' approved October 1, 1890, shall cease and terminate upon the pas­ sage :~nd approval o! this bill." expressed purpose of allowing certain persons to collect in­ That section 181, page 28, be amended to read as follows: directly that which you refuse to allow them to collect directly. ' All sugar, raw aud refined, all tank bottoms, all sugar drainings, and If one is indefensible the other is equally indefensible. And sug:1r sweepings, sirups of cane juice, melada, concentrated melada and concrete and concentrated molasses and molasses, I cent per pound; Pro­ when you come to the question of putting a tax upon sugar for vided, That if ~my country shall hereafter increase the duti~s now leyied revenue purposes you simply have to choose between the rais­ upon the productions or manufactures of the United States Imported mto ing of revenue in that way and the raising of it in some other it or into any of its possessions, then and immediately thereafter the above rate o! 1 cent shall be increased to 2 cents per pound upon all the arti~les way. named in this section which may thereafter be imported into the Uruted The gentleman from Iowa [Mr. GEAR] takes credit to theRe­ States from such country or its possessions: And provided also, That an additional import duty or tax shall be levied and collected upon all sugars publican party for having put sugar on the free list. Mr. Chair­ imported !rom countries paying a bounty upon sugar exported, equal in man, they put it there in order that they might heap the bur­ amount to said bounty." dens higher upon the backs of the people upon other articles And that pr.ragraph 641, page 86, be stricken from the bill. which they consume. They objected to this tax because most Mr. McRAE. I desire to raise a point of order against thEl of it went into the Treasury; so they took it off and increased substitute. The point of order I desire to make is, that a substi­ duties where they do not go into the Treasury. Instead of re­ tute which seeks to impose a revenue duty upon sugar is not versing that and putting this tax back on sugar an.{l making the germ:me to this pat'agraph under consideration, and therefore is poor man with a salary of $100, $200, or $500 a year pay as much out of order. tax as the rich man, I am in favor of taxation in the form of an The CHAIRMAN. Does the gentleman desire to be heard on income tax. I am in favor of letting people pa.y in proportion the point of order, or will he rese-r:v~ it for the present? . to what they have and enjoy and not in proportion to what they Mr. McRAE. I am perfectly w1llmg to reserve the pomt of need to eat or wear. [Applause.] order and let the discussion go on. If this amendment goes through-if yoa t3.ke the bounty away Me. GEAR. Mr. Chairman-- a.nd put it on sugar in the form of a tax-you simply prevent the The CHAIRMAl.~. The gentleman from Iowa [Mr. GEAR] is Government from collecting that amount of money by an income recognized. tax. And when you come to choose between a tax upon sugar [As Mr. GEAR rose, there was prolonged applause on the which makes every body pay in proportion to the amount of sugar floor and in the gallery.] which he is required to use and an income tax, I have no hesita­ Mr. GEAR. Mr. Chairman, I offer the amendment which I tion in saying- that I prefer the income tax. I would rather have send to the Clerk's desk, to be voted upon a.t the proper time. the bounty paid for a few years, being gradually reduced and The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman will understand that it then finally t.r.ken off, than make the people, already burdened can be only offered as an amendment to the substitute: if it be in by taxation, pay more upon the necessaries of life. orde1·. One of the New York papers the other day described a visit Mr. GEAR. I will ask that it be read, if it is in order. which had been made to the house of a sewing woman who The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will report the amendment worked upon overalls and received$3.50a week, while her child, offered by the gentleman from Iowa [Mr. GEAR]. 4 years old, sat beside her and helped to sew on the button~. The Clerk rea-d as follows: And the same paper spoke oi a woman who had bought a

ily ·to pay approximately the saine amount to support this Gov­ voters. The· petition was brought here last night by Hon. J. A. Cummins, the honorary president of the association , and Mr. A. Marques,_amemberof ernment that..you demand from the family that can buy di::J.mond its "executive council," who statea that they were a committee for that necK:laces for dogs or invest half a thousand dollars in a poodle. pm·pose. _ [Applause.] With high regard, etc., Mr. Chairman, we have got to meet this issue. Those who ALBERT S. WILLIS. are opposed to an income tax want this tax upon sugar retained PETITION OF THE HAWAIIAN PATRIOTIC LEAGUE TO PRESIDENT CLEVE­ • as a means of raising revenue; but I hope those who are in favor LAND. of an income tax will vote with the committee to retain this de­ SIR: The Hawaiian people are·moved with the deepest· concern in view of scending bounty and thus avoid the ~ecessity of putting a tax the delayed and uncertain condition of afl'airs in Hawaii, and also of the upon sugar-avoid taxing the great mass of our people upon ay; active hostility that seems to .have suddenly develope.:l in the United States against the policy of your excellency and the American Administration re­ article of necessary use. . garding our unhappy little country and the just restoration of our national Why, sir, if you are going to tax necessaria~ for the purpo~e of monarchy. We have noted with anxiety and sorrow the apparent success raising revenue, you had better put a tax on tea and coffee. A ~x which_a campaign of m align falsehood!-! has had in the American press to embarra~s the Administration at Washington, and we reproach the news­ on tea and coffee would be less burdensome than on sugar; for w h1le pa.pers of America for their unchivalrous and untruthful abuse of our they are necessaries to a great many people they are not so ab­ Queen, who, only a year ago, was in the acknowledged lead of the Christian solutely necessary as sugar. If, then, you w.antaprotection, this work in Hawaii and the gracious patron of th"' syncophantic church society bounty gives you 'Protection at less expense· to the people. If that now maligns her. Therefore, in the event of the Hawaiian question having to be discussed before the American Congress, the Hawaiian peopl~ you want to raise mort} by a tariff for revenue only then put a have thought it timely to come om; of their past rese1·ve and to assert their tax on tea or coffee; if you must put it on some article of general views, as against those of the Provisional Government, who falsely assume to represent the whole nation. ./ . consumption; but I would rather leave these d,uties just as they To this effect the officers and members of the Hui Aloha Aina (Hawaiian are proposed in the pending bill, and raise what revenue we Patriotic League), an association numbering over8,000 legal voters, creat;ed need by the measure proposed by the committee, and .which will for the purpose of preserving the autonomy of the country under the native monarchy, have prepared for such use as your excellency may deem proper be submitted in a day or two; that is, a tax upon the wealth, t~e the present memorial, for the public ratification of which they can confi­ yearlv accumulu.tions of the country. I hope the House will dently vouch, had the association been permitted to hold public meetings - stand"by the Committee on Ways and Means and join _them iii for that purpose, in Honolulu and the other districts. · . In this document we aim principally at making patent what the people at reducing this bounty gradually, and not compel us to go back to large have su:l'tered and lost since the assumption of the so-called Provisional a tax on s1.1gar. Government. [Here the hammer fell.] MEMORIAL. Mr. TURNER. I move that the committee rise. Last JaJ].uary a political crime was committed, not only against the legit­ imate sovereign of the Hawaiian Kingdom, but also against the whole Ha­ The motion was agreed to. waiian nation, a nation who for the past sixty years had enjoyed free and The committee accordingly rose; and the Speaker havin~ re happy constitutional self-government. This was done by a coup de main of sumed the chair, Mr. RICHARDSON reported thattheComm~ttee United States MinistElr Stevens, in collusion with a cabal of conspirators, mainly faithless sons of missionairies and local politicians angered by con­ of the Whole on the state of the tTnion had had under consider­ tinuous political defeat, who, as a revenge for being a hopeless minority in ation the bill (H. R. 48ti4) to reduce taxation, to provide revenue thecountry, resolved to "rule or ruin" through foreign help. for the Government, and for other purposes; and had come to no The facts of this "revolution," as it is improperly called, are now a mat­ ter of history. Under the false pretense of protecting American interests, resolution thereon. ' which were in no way endangered, troops were landed regardless of inter­ HAWAII. . nationafrights from the United States steamship Boston on the afternoon or January 16, 1893, and so placed as to intimidate the Queen and inter­ The SPEAKER. The Chair lays before the House a message fere with the forces at her command, which were ample to quell any domes­ from the President of the United States. tic disturbance. At about 3 o'clock p. m. on the next day, the 17th of Janu­ The Clerk read as follows: ary, a mob of a. dozen aliens, principally Germans of a desperate character, paid by the conspirators, iii.vaded the Government building,· which was vir­ 'l'o the Congress: tually commanded by the United States troops. They then went through I transmit herewith copies of dispatches received from our minister to the farce of proclaiming he Provisional Government, which Minister S~v­ Hawaii after the arrival o! t hose copies of which accompanied my message ens hastened to recognize and support before they had obtained possession of the 20th instant. - of any of the other public buildings, all strongly occupied by the armed po­ I also inclose for the information of the Congress copies of reports and a lice and the Queen's guard. The Queen and her Government, realizing the copy of an order just received by the Secretaty of the Navy from Rear-Ad- situation, but unwilling to make war with the United States forces and to miral Irwin, commanding our na':_al forces at H~~~~R CLEVELAND. occasion useless bloodshed of innocent Hawaiian subjects, yielded-- under protest to the superior force and moral power of the United States. And EXECUTIVE MANSION, January 22, 1891. while waiting for the result of this appeal, with full confidence in the Amer­ The SPEAKER. This message, together with accompanying ican honor, the Queen rt:quested all her loyal subjects to remain absolutely quiet and passive, and to submit with patience to all the insults that hav~ documents-- been since heaped upon both the Queen and the people by the usurping Gov- Mr. DINGLEY. I ask that the accompanying documents may ernment. . . be read. They are of exceeding importance.- The necessity of this attitude of absolute inactivity on the part of the Ha­ waiian people was fnrther indorsed and empha-sized by Commissioner The SPEAKER. Without objection, the Clerk _will read-­ Blount, so that, if the Hawaiians have held their peace in a manner thatwiU Mr. McCREARY of Kentucky. I was about to ask that the vindicate their character as law-abiding citizens, yet it can not and must not papers accompanying the message- be read. be construed as evidence that they are apathetic or inditrerent, or ready to acquiesce 1n the wrong and bow to t-he usurpers. No; the traditional virtue The Clerk read as follows: of the aborigines is respect and obedience to their rulers. a.nd it has been MR. WU.LIS TO HR. GRESHAM. fully tested in the present crisis; and when the Hawaiian Patriotic League, No. 21.] HONOLULU, Januat•y l, 1891. whose representatives the present memorialists are, formed its enthusiastic branches all over the islands, the first watchword was to maintain a digni­ Tra.nc;mits contingent expense account or the legation. fied peace pending the arbitrament of the United States. Had it not been for this request of our Sovereign there would doubtless have been a. tremen­ MR. WILLIS TO MR. GRESHAM. dous uprising throughout the islands to crush the usurpers, but it would have been a sad tale of blood and destruction, which from the first it was No. 22.] LEGATION OF -THE UNITED STATEs; sought to avoid if possible. - Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands, January 6, 18M. The advent of Mr. Blount as a. special commissioner was hailed with satis­ SIR: I have the honor to call your attention to the following changes in faction by both contending factions. His course tn Hawaii was Illarked by a. the Provisional Government: Hon. F. M. Hatch resigned yesterday the of­ dignity, courtesy, and discretion that was highly creditable to his country, fice of vice-president, assigning as reason that he was "under the necessity_ and gained for him at the time the respect and confidence of ail classes. His of going-beyond the limits of the country." Hon. W. C. Wilder, of the ad­ report to the President has been characterized by the greatest impartiality visory council, was elected to fill the vacancy.- and absolute respect for truth, so that this Patriotic League have fully in­ An act was brought before the executive and advisory council "separating dorsed it and can solemnly testify to its veracity and reliabliity. the' ofiice of minister of foreign a:l'tairs from that ot the ofiice of president," The letter of Secretary Gresham to the President and the instructions to and providing •• that hereafter the department of foreign affairs shall be Minister Willis to request the Provisional Government to relinquish its presided over by an officer called the minister of foreign affairs, who shall power to our legitimate Sovereign have created a deep feeling of gra titude be chosen by the executive and advisory councils of the Provisional Gov­ in the minds and hearts of the Hawaiian people, and a still more profound ernment of t-,be Hawaiian Islands. The minister of foreign affairs so chosen respect for the American Government, which now appears to be acting with shall be a member ot the executive council of the Government." This act the same spirit of justice and friendship that has always characterized its was referred to the judiciary committee, but it was understood to be the actions in the past toward this little nation. And the policy therein outlined, unanimous judgment of the councils that Mr. Hatch will be elected to though quite expected, has caused us to honor and respect your excellency th"' position. At present the duties of the minister of foreign affairs are as a distinguished, firm, and just ruler, worthy of a great people. discharged by the President, Mr. Dole. The executive committee now con­ But, in the meantime, a number of the American people, deceived by the sists of four persons. By the above act it will be increased to five. most astounding and unblushing falsehoods disseminated through the With assurances, etc., States by the papers supporting the plotters, do not realize the wrongs and ALBERT S. WILLIS. sufferings that the true people of these islands have undergone for the past eleven months under the shield of American prestige. In fact, it ought to MR. WILLIS TO MR. GRESHAM. be understood that the people have suffe:.: ed even more thl.n the Sovereign. The Queen was simply deprived or her throne, power, and revenue, while, No. 23.] HONOLULU, January 6, 1894. under the pretense of obtaining American liberty, the people have lost their _ Transmits minister's mont hly salary account. · dearest liberties and civil rights, many their livelihood, and were on the eve of losing even their nationality, their country having been offered without their assent as a barter by the filibusters who owe their power to Minister MR. WILLIS TO MR. GRESHAM. Stevens. · · No. 24.] LEGATION OF THE UNITED STATES, The provisional Government. its leaders, and their defenders claim abroad Honolulu, Hawaiian lsl<;tnds, January 6, 1894. • to represent the Hawaiian nation. This we most emphatically deny; they Sm: I send herewith the p,etition of the "Hui Aloha· Aina" (IJa:waiian represent only a clique bent upon oppressing the masses; they are only a Patt'iotic League), an association which claims to represent over 8,000 legal fractional portion of the population, wealth, intelligence, and civilization of 1190 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. JANUARY 22,

Hawaii, and even a fraction only of the Amerioan colony, and .the fact of facto police organization to preserve the peace pending the action of the there being among-the usurpers some men of intelligence and capital makes United States; their power could only come from the people, who have not their conduct only more odious. because in direct violabion or those Ameri­ been consulted, because a public meeting of less than 1,000 foreigners, can principles for which Americans have repeatedly shed their blood, viz. mostly nonvoters, out or a total voting pollulation of 13,000 and a. total' num­ the government of the people, by the people, and for the people, and the berol inhabitants of 92,000, can not be saidto constitute the nation. rule or the majority. The presence or men or intelligence and capital among Yet we hear that the principal objection raised, by otherwise well"lllean­ the usurpers only shows that even in those classes there can be found de­ ing Americans, against your excellency's policy of doing justice to our cause praYed men and moral criminals. We assert that any trial at the ballot box is the apparent inconsistency ot a republican form of government restoring would show that the native Hawaiians and the rapidly increasing-class of a monarchy. But we claim that our case is really a case of right and equity, half whites, both claiming to be the equal in intelligence of any electorate in and not one of a form of government; it is the matter of a peaceful mon· • the United States, are virtually, as a uniti "Royalists," and opposed politic­ archy, friendly to the United States, invaded by the hostile forces of that ally to the Provisional Government and ts self-appointed dictators; more­ Republic to assist a. revolutionary junta wbo verUy intend-ed to use America over, fully one-half of the toreign merchants,.capfta.lists, planters. and me­ only as a .conveniP-nt cat's·paw tor their personal interests. chanics are also opposed to the same and are avowed sympathizers of the The principle or monarchicalgove?nmentmay be distasteful to the radical monarchy. And we solemnly declare that unless cruHhed by force, as old democracy of America. But it is the chosen and preferred form of the Ha­ Poland was, the Hawaiian people will never be· conciliated to the present wattan people, under which, with its .constitutional limitations, they ·and misr-'..lle. the foreign settlers have prospered and enjoyed, equally as well as an.yre­ This the Provisional Government so.-well know that they h2.ve persistently public, 2.11 the advantages and democratic privileges of popular government. refused to have their tenure of power legalized and ratified by public vQ.te, Why should the Americans in'Hawaii, who constitute only the small por­ even on a restricted basis or property qualification; and ever since Mr. tion or 2.14 per cent of our population; or the people in America, 2,000 miles Stevens's coup de main to maintainthemselvesinpower theyhave depended, away, object to a monarchical form of government in Hawaii, popular with as proved by their military display, not on tb.e sympathies, confidence, and the great majority of the population who have here their only home 'and good will of the people, but on the.force of alien bayonets and or Draconian country? . I laws. How can they have the insolence to call themselves "the peo.Ple" Therefore the Hawaiians, as a nation, appeal loT justice and redress to the when they exist solely as a military despotism and oligarchy, which defies impartiality of the American nation, in whose honor, integrity and love of all public opinion and constitutional ideas? ""They are common pirates, and !airplaywehavesolongandsopatientlytrusted. Aspeacefnlandlaw--abiding cling to their ill-gotten power as freebooters. citizens, ever ready to submit to the constituttonal rule of the majority, duly Furthermore, the Provisional Government now claim their right (through expressed 'through. an untrammeled ballot box, we aslr that in the place of might) to perpetuate themselves, to declare themselves permanent-Without the present temporary usurpers who are hostile to the native race, our own any reference to the people or to the taxpayers, although the Amel'ican Gov­ government, in the person of Queen Lil1uokalani, be restored to us, with a ernment have very correctly declared that the only excuse to their existence new constitution more equitable to us than the one th.at was wrested from (viz, the negotiations for annexation to the-United States) was at an end. .the late King Kalalcaua in 1881 through force of arms. This is the greatt"st of all the aggravations and provocations to the Ha­ To this efl'ect we now pray the God or a -common faith, that right, justice, waiians that have been accumulated against them, on account probably of and honor prevailing, Hawaii, our home and country, be allowed again to th-eir peaceful and patient attitude And here a short expose of our griev· enjoy the blessings or the independent autonomy and constitutional r~gime ances, as resulting from our patient confidence in the justice and honor of which were so infamously subverted on the 17th day of January, last; and the American nation, will not be out of place: . we also earnestly pray that the Almighty may grant all his blessmgs on 1. Through Minister Stevens'spremeditatedconspiracy;the Hawaiian peo­ yourself, Mr. President, and on the noble American-nation. ple have been deprived of all their political rights, and the Provisional Gov­ And your memorialists, Mr. President, have the honor to be, or your ex­ ernment have emphatically declared that no more ~lections would be held cellency, most humble and obedient servants, .as long as they could keep control of the country; thus sixty years of recog­ J, A. Cummins, honorary president; .Joseph Nawahi, president; llized rights are swept away at the whim of a selfish and small minority. John E. Dush, vice-president; JohnLotKaulnkou, vice-presi­ 2. The legal constitution having been virtually abrogated, as declared by­ dent; J, K. Kanna.maii.o, vice-president; J. W. Blpikane, vice­ judicial decisions, the inhabitants or Hawaii now really live' under the arb1 president; James K. K'aulia,sem-etaty; Enoch John on, treas­ t.rary sufferance of the Provisional Governm-ent, and under the laws which an urer; John Mahiai Kaneakna, executive councilor; D. W. Pua, irresponsible advisory council, recruited between themselves, chose to en­ executive councilor; J.K. Merseburg, executive connciloT; W. act or to cancel to -satisfy the prejudices and w111ms of their little clique, H. Rickard, executive councilor; John Ross executive coun- ·and it is only the fear of the foreign representatives that deters th~m from . cilor; John K. Prendergast, executive councilor; AbrahamK. absolute star-chamber rule. Halekaluhi, executive councHor; J. Kahahawai, executive - 3. The people have lost all confidence in the administratinn of justice, as councilor; A. Marques, executive councilor; w. T. Seward, the supreme bench-for1ll.Bl'ly the model of integrity ami the pride of the executive councilor. country-as well as all the lower -courts, have been filled by -adventurers HONOLULU, this 27th day of JJecemlJer, :1893. With no other claim than partizanship, whereby crimes are conveniently ·condoned when committed by followers ori>ym:pathizers of the Provisional Government, while honest citizens, known to be· royalists, have been P ACl.FIC STATION, OFFICE OF THE "harshly treated or denied justice and satisfaction. COMMAN,DER-IN-CHIEF, UNITED STATES NAVAL FORCE, 4. The publl:c funds have been outrageously squandered for the mainte­ UNITED STATES FLAGSHIP PHILADELPHIA, nance of an unnecessary large army, fed in luxury, and composed ~ntirely ­ Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands, January 2, 1894. of aliens, mainly recruited from the most disreputable classes of San Fran· ·cisco. 'l'o face the expenditures or this force-and the arms that have been Sm: I have the honor to submit the following report in regard to the situ­ imported by thousanriot, and to protect the lives and property ot the state of things, and the police being in their control, intimiDation is a. common defenseless. • weapon, under various forms, even that of nocturnal searches in the resi­ Were iii not for the.com·se of the newspapers in their endeavor to influence deuceM of peaceful citizens, so that, were it not for the presence in port of public opinion in the United States no uneasiness would be felt, and busi­ foreign men-of-war, t·he p~pulation would be living under a hopaless reign ness would go on as usual. l do not believe that ordinary bu iness is o! ten·or. seriously atrected, as is reported, but no new enterprises will be undertaken 8. The situation may be summed up by saying that never before in these until there is some settled government. islands, under what om· filibusters are pleased to refer to as the rule or The commanding offl.cers of the Jap:tnese cruiser Naniwa Ka.n and the heathenism, have we had such an unruly, despotic, unrepresentative. and British cruiser Champion called on me to arrange tor landing a force to pro­ squandering government, whose chief supporters are from the disorderly tect the lives and property or their countrymen in case there should be any and adventurous foreign element, not from the natural inhabit ants with serious riot. They ofrered to cooperate with me and to place their landing families and property. And never before have the lives and peace of inof­ parties where, in my opinion, they would do-the most good. fensive citizens been so jeopardized; all of this under the pretense of Ameri­ Now,

Notwithstanding the great parade of preparations for war, not on~ c~se Mr. BOUTELLE. Ithipkihavea right to rise to a question oflnisconduct on shore has occurred, and this evidence o! perfect disCiplme of privilege, Mr. Speaker. has peen very t'a vorably commented uppn·by disbltereste{l partie.s:.a:shore and afloat. . Mr. HATCH The gentleman has addressed the Speaker-?f Very respectfully, your obedient servant, the House in a disrespectful manner, and. I demand that his JOHN IRWIN, .Rear-.tlamirat, U. B. Navy, words be taken down . Commanding U. B. Naual Force, Pacijlc StALtial~. Mr. BOUTELLE. I desire- The SECRETARY QF Tim NAVY, · M.l'-; BLANCHARD. Mr. Speaker, when a member is called Nav-y..Denarement, Washinqton, IJ. C. to order,.he is required to take his seat. [General Order, No.2.] Mr. BOUTELLE. I. shall obey the rules. P .A.CIFIC STATION, FDAGSI[IP-: PHIL.AD~J:iP.HIA, The SPEAKER. The gentleman will do so without debate. Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands, November 29, 1893. Mr. BOUTELLE. Why, certainly. . . The commander-in-chief calls the attention o-r all under his comm~d to The SPEAKER. Tb.e trouble with the gentleman is that he th& either- ~olitical ' pa,rty manifest impropriety of taking sides-with m Ha.· violates the rule in obeying_ it, as he ~ys. He must take his waiL . .. . - tl Tho expression. of political apuuon-.or. the: wearmg of ba.dg\}8- is.stnc Y seat withou~ debate. The Clerk wilL report the rule. fprbidden. JOHN IRWTN. "' Mr. BOUTELLE. I hope theChair-willadviseme_when Ican .8-ear-A.dmiral, U. &. l!J""cnJy, speak to this. point of o.rder . Commanding U. S. Navat Force on Pacific. Station. J\1r. BRETZ~ Is. there n.ot.so.me way in. which we can enforce The SPEAKER. The· communication, with the accompany­ the rules of this House? ing papers· will be printed and· referred tQ the_Committee on The SPEAKER. The Ulerk will report the rule. Foreign-Mairs .. The- Clerk re.ad as follows: 1\.iTr~. WILSON.of w est1 Virginia. I m~ve that the· Ho.use now If any member, in speaking, or otherwise, transgress the rules of the. House. .1.u the Speaker shall, or any member may, call him .to order; in which case he resolve itself in to Committee of the Wh~le. . . . shall immediately sit down, unless permitted on the motion of another mem- Mr. BOUTELLE. Mr. Speake.r, I rise to a questiOn of Pl'IVI- berto explain. and the House shall, if appealed t~, decide on the ca.se W!th­ out debate. If thedocision is in favor of-the memher called to order. he snall lege. . h be at liberty to proceoo, but no~ otherwise; and, H the case requires, he The SPEAKER. The question is on the motton·of t e.gen- shallbeliabletocensuro,orsuehpunishme.ntasthe-Housemaydeemproper. tlem ~m frorn West Virg.inia that tP.e. House now resolve .Itself The SPEAKER: The gentleman from.West · Virginia [Mr. into Committe-e of the Wh-ole- House on. the state~ of- the· UniOn to WILSONi mov:es that the House resolve itself into the Committee further Consider-the pending_- bill. of the Whole House on the state of the Union for the fm~ther con- Mr. McMILLIN. Regular o~·der. . . . . sideration of the t ::t riff bill. :Mr·. BOUTELLE. I r.isetoaquestmn-of privilege~- [Cries M-r. BOUTELLE. I rise to a question of order-. of " Reuular-order!"]. The SPEAKER. The gentleman can not rise. Under the MF. HATCH. What-is the pending-q:uestian? rules the gentleman will resume his seat-. Mr. BOUTELLE {contimting). A question of privilege affect- Mr. . BOUTELLE. W'ny, Mr Speaker, will the Chair ing the order- ·just·given by the 8peak.er-_for the reference of the please-- _ l?resident~ · message and th-e accompanymg documents. The seEAKER; The Sergeant-at-Arms will request the gen- . The.SPEAl\iER. This question is not debats.hle:. Tbe me~- tiema.n to take his seat. sage:.must.be referred without• deba.te·· under the- express proVl- Mr. BOUTELLE. Am I not permitted under the rules-~ sion of. the l'J.lle . T.he SPEAKER. The Serg.eairt-at<-A:rms will request·the gen:- Mr. BOUTELLE. Butri rise·to a question oi privilege. tleman to resume his seat. The SPEAKER~ The gentleman will state it; The Sergeant;atc-Arms bearing the mace, appeared" on the Mr. BOUT.ELLE. The docwnents which the Spe.aker has floor in front of the Speakers desk. just so suddenly. referred disclose on their face that. the Ex.ecu- Mr. BOUTELLE (resuming his se3.t). I submit, of course. tive of the Gov.ernment oi the United.St.a.tes and one of its min- The SPEAKER. As.many as favor t~ motion of the gentle- isters abroad are still engagedinfomenting insurrectionagainst man from-West Virgini~ [Mr. WIL-sDN]will say aye, those op­ a_government with which we are at. :peace. r: submit tha.t th.e posee voted on, osition. . on the sugar schedule, that I only desire to emphasize the points The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Tennessee asks unan- which he has made. imous consent that the time for debate on the sugar schedule be Three substantial amendments have been or will be proposed extended one hour, the time to be divided equally between the to this .:~chedule. The first amendment is that of the gentleman two sides. . from Nebras.ka ~fr. M~LEJOHN], prol?osing to .con~inue the Mr. McRAE. Mr;Chairman, thatwasnottheproposition-- bounty provided m the tariff act of 1890 till theexp1rat10nof the Mr. BURROWS. Mr. Chairman how much time remains period provided by that act. I am in favor of this amendment, now under the original agreement? ' f~r the reason that~ believe the bo.unty pro~ide~ in thatB;Ct will The CHAIRMAN. Fifty-five minutes. ~1ve a thor

Mr. REED. How many amendments does the Chair know upon the statute books the provision of the law for this "Qounty a.re likely to be offered to this bill? upon sugar just as we found the provision of law for a bounty­ The CHAIRMAN. There has been an amendment offered to indirect it is true, but a bounty nevertheless-of 98per cent upon this paraQ'raph, to which an amendment has been offered. That the woolen clothing of the people; just as we found a bounty, in­ makes two. Then there has been a substitute offered-- direct but nevertheless a bounty, of about 45 per cent upon the . Mr. REED. My question is as to how many amendments are tools of industry with which the mechanic and husbandman in sight, so to speak, on the whole bill? The difficulty is that earn their livelihood. our time is, unfortunately, limited, so that whatever time is Mr. COX. Do you believe tha.t a law imposing and collecting granted to any particular measure will have to be taken from a bounty in this way, to be paid ovet> to individuals, is constitu· some other one. Now, I should like to know how many amend­ tional? ments to the whole bill are in sight of the Chair, so to speak? Mr. TARSNEY. I am not here to discuss in five minutes-! The CHAIRMAN. Early in the debate the Chair requested could not, in justice either to the subject or the gentleman who · that gentlemen desiring to offer amendments would make copies asks me this question, or to myself, undertake to discuss in five of them and hand them to the Chair, in order that he might ar­ minutes a constitutional question of this magnitude. I am only range them in the order in which they were to be offered and ~:?tating the conditions which we found and the mot~ves which debated. The Chair found that it would be impossible to pursue actuated us in meeting th~m. We f9und this industry, in com­ tllat course, but in the mean time the amendments have been mon with all the other industries of the country, in about the con­ handed in, and the Chair has now on his table about seventy­ dition which was so philosophically described by the gentleman seven amendments which have not been considered. from New York (Mr. CQCKRAN] the other day, when he s:tid Mr. REED. And that does not include the income tax, either? that these protected industries are in the condition of an indi-. The CHAIRMAN. 'l'hatincludes no income-tax amendment vidual who has been upon a long debauch, and that to take away that the Chair knows of. from them that which has susta.ined them would result in death. Mr. REED. I have brought out these facts for the purpose I am not willing to apply any remedy for the evils of our in­ of showing the gentleman from Tennessee, whose proposition I dustrial conditions so suddenly as to result in the absolute de- ­ am not going to oppose, the absurdity of the limitation of de­ struction of any industry. The skillful physician, though he · bate, and I trust that the Louisiana members will agree with me knows what medicine will cure the disease he is treating, upon that subject. We have to convert the Democratic party watches with care the condition of the patient, todetermine the by sections, and very small sections at a time, on account of their time and the manner of administering that medicine. So it was nonassimilable quality. They are like the Chinese; theydonot with this committee. We found, as was represented t.o us, that assimilate with our people. [Laughter.] . under the promise of this law of 1890, under the promise of this : Mr. McMILLIN. Mr. Chairman, I accepted the suggestion bounty provision, the gentlemen engaged in this industry (at of the gentlem:tn from New York [Mr. PAYNE]. • lea.st it was so represented to us, and we believed it, bec ~mse it Mr. WASHINGTON. Mr. Chairman, befure the question is was represented to us by honorable men) had, upon the strength put for unanimous consent I wish to remark that there are mora of the provision of .this law, gone on and made large invest­ than two sides on this question, and I think that those on the ments in machinery and other appliances to develop this indus­ third side, who desire a tariff on sugar for.revenue, have aright try-investments which they would not have made except for to be considered. the promises of this provision of law. Mr. PAYNE. They will be looked out for by the Chair. We found them in that condition; and we believed their rep.: The CHAIRMAN. The Chair can not tell which side a gen­ resentat~on that il this bounty were sudd~nly taken away from tleman is going -to take until after he has made his speech. them they would lose entirely all opportunity to recompense or [L:mg h ter. J reimburse themselves in any degree for the extraordinary ex­ Mr. WARNER. . A parliamentary inquiry, Mr. Chairman. If penditures which they had made upon the promise and faith of the suggestion of the gentleman from New York [Mr. PAYNE] that law. Therefore, not willing to treat them thus inequitably, is adopted, will not the effect be to cut off the possibility of even but dealing carefully with the facts as they were represented to submitting amendments in case the debate continues until the us, we believed that the gradual scale of production provided in time fixed for proceeding to a vote. this bill, looking to the final wiping out of this bounty, would be The CHAIRMAN. The Chair thinks not. Amendments c:Ln adequate to .allow these people to reimburse themselves to the be read and voted upon without debate. Some time having been extent of the extraordinary outlays they had made upon · the occupied in this discussion, the Chair will put the question on promise of this law, and that at the end of _these_eight years, they the request of the gentleman from Tennessee that the vote be having in the meantime had all th!tt could be fairly shown as taken at twenty minutes past 4 o'clock to-day. Is there objec­ u.ecessary not only to reimburse them for such extraordinary tion? outlays, but enable them to experiment in the development of the There was no objection, and it was so ordered. industry-at the end of these eight years, if they were not then in Mr. TARSNEY. Mr. Chairmm, there was none of the sched­ a condition, as every other industry should be, to support .them­ ules of this bill that received greater consideration from the selves without the aid of the Government, then they should go members of the majority of the Committee that framed them, down. nor any which gave to that majority more solicitude and anxiety [Here the hammer fell.] as to what was right and what should be recommended, than the Mr. MERCER. Mr. Chairman, some years ago a farmer in one we are now considering. There are three propositions pend­ the State of Ohio made up his mind that he would change his ing before this committee: one, the proposition conbined in the place of residence and move to Arkansas-the reason why nobody bill; another a proposition to restore the sched~les of the exist­ knows; history has never given us an explanation. It seems ing law; and another to strike out the bounty provision in the that a short time after he landed in Arkansas a country fair was bill, and in lieu thereof to insert a provision for a tariff upon held. He had taken with him from Ohio to his new home some sugar, which is now upon the free list. very fine Chester White pigs-six in aU-beauties every one of Concurring in the conclusion of the majority of the Ways them. He thought it no more thanright that he should encour­ and Means Committee, I am opposed to the provisions of the age the industry of raising fine thoroughbred hogs in his new present law in regard to the bounty, and I am also opposed to home; so he took to this country fair these six elegant Chester_ the pending amendment which provides for the restoration of a White pigs and placed them on exhibition. After the awards had t.1.x upon sugar. be .n made the Ohio man discovered that the breed of hogs in I may also say that it was with great hesitation and reluctance which he had been dealing all his life were not appreciated in that I assented to the provision of the bill which looks to re­ the State of Arkansas. The first premium ribbon was pinned taining for any time any recognition of the principle of the upon a pen that contained six "razor-backed looking" hogs­ bounty system of the present law. Had it been a new proposi­ hogs with long legs-hogs that looked more like grey hounds than tion, had it been a proposition then for the first time suggested, an.v hogs ever before raised upon Americ:m soil. whether we should recommend to this House the imposition of The man from Ohio was not very much chagrined because he a bounty to be paid to the producers of sugar, I have no hesita­ hadnotreceived thefirstpremium, but his curiosity was excited. tion in saying that not for one moment would I have considered So he called upon the chairman of the awarding committee and favorably such a proposition. asked him the reason why his hogs were rejected fora premium Mr. COX. If the gentleman will yield tome a moment, I wish while the pen containing the" razors ' was recognized. The to ask him whether, with his convictjons as a Democrat, he be­ chairman said to him, "My dear sir, you must be a stranger in lieves that a bounty can consistently be voted for by a Demo­ this part of the country. In Arkansas the people have no use cratic member of this House under the present shtus of political for hogs that can not outrun a negro." [Laughter.] parties? Now, Mr. Chairman, I am not surprised that Representatives Mr. TARSNEY. I will again say (because it is in the line of from the State of Arkansas on this fi.oor-- what I was coming to) that I do not believe in the bounty princi­ Mr. McRAE. Before the gentleman gives us another " chest­ ple; nor do I believe in the protective principle. But we found nut" will he please pick out the worm? • CONG.RESSIONAL RECORD=-ROlJSE. J ANUARY 22,

Mr. MERCER._ The gentleman by rising in his seat has given vested right, an(lthat prior to.1890 th.e production of sugar was 01;1e himself._ and therefor~ it is not necessary that I should do so. fostered by the Government of the United States by a protec- Mr. Chairman, the people. of Arkans9.8 tried the e.:xperiment tive tariff which imposed such duties-upon imported sugar as­ witli· beet-sugar seed. · They sent to the Agricul tur.al Depart- practically enable.d.-the producers in this country to obtain a price ment of. the United·States for seed; and they were furnished. for the sugar produced by them compensatory of the cost of pro­ They experimented, as also did the people of Missouri, and tbe duction; it being._ well understood that without· the enhanced· the people of those two Shtes made the poorest exhibit made price resulting fTom the tariff; sugar in quantities could' only be by the people of. any State where the e.x..periment.was tried. produced' in the United States at a loss to· the producer. In 1890 Now, sir, because the sugar beet can not be raised in,those the Government of the United States-, without changing its pol:. States, the representatives therefrom come here for tlie purpose icy in respect to sugar produced, changed the method ot encour~ of crying down an impoDtant industry which affects the mate- aging production by practically placing sugat• upon the free"list riaLinterests of ·many of the Western States. It is another illus- and enacting the bounty system. tration of.Southernje lousy .. Why,,Mr. Chairman, the McKin- That is a decision from one of the highest.cour.ts in the United ley. bill did some good thing13- in this country, and one good thing States. Per haps some men who are not so familiar with the it did, and. the people of Nebraska know it and appreciate it, law as are the courts may adopt a contrary view. was that it created two immense sugar plants upon Nebraska Why, Mi.·. Chairman, under the McKinley act thiS Govern- soil. · ment has made a-solemn contract with the people of the United Ml'. BRYAN• May I ask the gentleman a question? States, a contract that should be recngnized, and bad it not Mt>. MERCER. Yes.. been for that legislation we would not to-day have certa{n capi· M.c: BRYAN. · Was not. the Gra-qd Island factory located be- tal upon the Nebraska prairiesr-capital to furnish employment fore the McKinley bill was p1i8sed? to scores of' lab:>ring. men ana to pa.y taxes to help support the Mr~ MERCER. It was not built·until after the bill was passed. Government. [Applause on the Republican side.] Neither was the Norfolk. factory constructed until after the Me- Mr. Chairman, I am i.n favor of a. system of p~oteotion- which Kinley bill was passed;. and the people- of. Omaha,. ar.e forming is fraught with so much benefit to the great and growing State an association in the counties of Washington, Sarpy, and.Doug- of Nebraska. This industry· must be preserved. ' las for the purpose of encouraging a plant in Douglas ~ounty to Why injure them? Why stop theh• development by passing cost $1,000,000, and the fat•.mers of: these three count1es have the Wilson bill? Can we not learn a lesson from the experience agreed te plant 2,000 acres in sugar. beets, and i~ is hoped that of others? in the course of a few. short weeks enough farmers willagree to In the year 1840 aJree-trade movement sprung up in France. It went- so furnish the 5,000 acres demanded. by. the promoter_s of this in- far as to threaten the destruction·of the-beet-sugar-industry which had been · t f lfill th .. d all te · inaugurated by the great Napoleon as a means of securing commercial in· t end e d enterprise o· u e contr.aciJ.an ow. an en rprise dependence .of England, since whica time itha.d been fo tered·bY nrotection. of that kind to be construeted upon Doug-las County. soil~ The brilli~t and patriotic statesman, Thiers, afterwards President of th~ Mr. BRYAN. I beg to inform the gentleman.that ground was French Republic wa.~ then at the heightof his powers. In a wonder tully elo­ bmken for the Gra.nd Island factory in. December, J.B89,. nearly a quent speech in the French Assembly he pointed to- the fact that hundreds of thousands of French people were earning their daily bread in the intimately year before the• passage of the McKinle:y bill, and that it went relat-ed asrriculturalandmanuracturingprocessesofthebeet-sugarindustry, into operation: in October, 1890. It was built· before a .. bounty and he declared thatrthe destruction or tha~ indust.ry would be a gi.~::mtio ·omised, and under a tariff liable to change at any time. political crime. Thisimpm·ta.ntindustrywas-thussaved, and it has become Was PI one of the most valuable industries of France. Mr. MERCER., Withtall due respect to. my colleague, I be- Th lievo·he is .mistaken when he claims that. the Gr.and Lsland.fac- e World-Rerald, of Omaha, publishes the following glow- O h · ing account of this industry in Nebraska: tor.I was-,builu. before the McKinley bill became•a lru.v.. I t IS The beet-sugar· indnst-ry;which-has•attracted. so much. attention. toNe- I.am.sm·e;. that. this .factory t • the one at N orlolk,,and others. in braska from all parts of the world, by its superior climate and soil tor the the Uniteuld require at· least twenty·slx refineries, equal. in raising was instituted have largely risen in value since.tl;i.e pas- ~~~;a. to the two already in operatlo~ in this Stat-e, to supply: the homo sage of the-McKinley bill? Over 27,0:>0,000 pounds of beet sugar was producedi.n the United States in Mr. MERCER. Yes, sir; fal,m.lands· under such. conditions 1802. This yield has been increased fully one-third in 1893. _._1.., • Or this product about one-sixth is made in Nebraska. Tbe United States have enhanced in price·rapid.ly. The people of LinCULU.j our capr- is paying out to foreign countries something like $130,000,000 annually ror tal city, are asking for a beet-sugar- factory, and they hope some ·sugar that should and cau be produced at a profit in.Nebraska. day, with proper encouragement, to establish one there. The beet-sugar-po sibilities or Nebraska are almost beyond conception. Every portion or-the State seems admirably adapted to the growth of the Mr. BROSIUS. What is the-aggregate cost of one o f these plaut. Even the nonirrigated districts of the western parL of the State are faotories? doubtful only in the matter of suftl.cient moisture at the proper sea. on or '"N f lk ost $!00 OOO· the one at growth. This one industry, when properly developed, is sufftoien.t to in· M r. MERCER· The one a~/. or 0 c ' ; crease the population of the State tenfold and give it a commercial wealtrh Grand Island, $4:50,000; at Chino, Cal., $650,000; at Alvarado, that will insure prosperity to its citizeru;. Cal., $300,000; at Watsonville, Cal. $750,000; at Anaheim,. Cal., Says GJol. Fisk, of Colorado: $400,000; at Lehi, Utah, $400,000; at Staunto~ Va.' $100,000. The The amount of. money paid foreign countl'iesfor sugar, including freights, one at Omaha is expected to cost a million dollars. The people of equals the amount of wheat and flour which we export, amounting to nearly

Omuha1 of Lincoln, and of other enterprising citiesin.Nebraska $150,00G,OOOyearly, which is six or seven times the value of our corn ex1>orts, are in teres t-ed in, the manufacture of beet sugar and the promo- about one-eighth the value of all our exports, and about equal to our total exports or beef, hogs, and dairy products and about' one-half the value of tion of this industry among the farmers;. and the f armers are our cotton exports. This va t amount which is yearly placed to the debit of just as muoh interested therein as are the people of the, cities. our trade balances, together with a desire to stimulate home industries and M.y friend from Nebraska re.fe 1·s to the fa-ct that no Congress to prospe1· the producing and agricultural classes, Congress did after gren.t i(J'h'" to,enact legr"slatr'on bm' dr'ng upon the people of this deliberation enact a law which was thought to be by its framers and those ha.s a~ r ~ v who voted .for it in the narture of a. synallagmatic contract. The law is as country beyond th~ session for which that Congress was elected. follows: . Why, Col. Fisk, of Colorado, in the ~eport referred to this Con- "Until July 1. 1905, there shall be paid from any moneys in the 1're::l.sury not 1 . otherwise appropriated, under section: No. 3689, a. bounty or 2 cents per grass by myfriendirom Colorado [Mr. PENCE,] .call sattentr~n to pound." the fact that in the tariff law of 1833 it was specially provrded. Parties having confidence in the good ~aith and integrity of the United that the tariff act of 1 32_should remain in force and..effect until States have-:purchased large tracts of agncultural and· coal la~ds, erec~d o 1? h · h h d th · ..sugar factones, made long-time con.tr.act , expended large sums mstructmg lo;-, w lCh ad reference to. t. e duty upon sugar, ~n. e ?Ir~ the farmers how to raise beet , all involving vast sums of money; and now cmt court of appeals for Lomsrana h~d a.case before rt mvolvmg the Government of Hs own motion, Without consl;llt~g the other ;parties to that very nuestion and decided that it was constitutionat. the contract, propose to violate its solemn obligat10ns whi~h 1t entered ':1.: • • - - . into with the sugar prodnce:rsof.thiscountl:y, and for mere pollticalreasons The case referred to lS reported m volume o4, Federa1 Re- strike. down what. would. become one of the great industries of the country. pormr, Calder et al. vs. HendeTson et al., and was argued. before Capitalists were pr:epar~g for the erec~ion of bee_t-sugar factories in Ne· Judges Pardee and McCormick ITnited States cir.cuit judges b:raska. Colorado, Vrrgima., South Cc~.rolina, Washmgton, New Y~?rk, Da- . • L • • • • ' . · h' lwta,andother.Sta.tes,an

three factories, and contracts were being drawn by !a.rmers to put in culti­ of live-twentieths of 1 cent per poun.d: Provided, That all sugars when ex­ vation at least 5,000 a.cres o1 beets tor each factory, when I received a.--tele­ ported from or the product of any country, when and so long as such coun­ gram withdrawing the offer on behalf of the capitalists who were to erect try pays or shall hereafter pa.y directly or indirectly a bounty on sugar, the factories. Sin.ce then no factories have been erected, and none will be shall pay in addition to the rates hereinbefore provided a duty equal to the until Congress says definitely that it will regard its obligations, and declare bounty so paid by such country. that the agreement which it made to pay a bounty o1 2 cents per pound until 1005 will be sacredly kept. . LMr. ROBERTSON of Louisiana. withholds his remarks for An effort, political in its character, has been made to cast odium upon the revision. See Appendix.] - bounty law, which has resulted in keeping millions of dollars from being invested in the beet-sugar industry in the United States. Let Congress with true statesmanship declare th-at its obligations with the people shall be sa.­ [Mr. WASHINGTON withholds his remarks for revision. credly kept, and in three years there will be sixty beet-sugar factories- in See Appendix.] the United States instead or six, and in ten years five hundred factories, which will produce nearly all the sugar we will consume in the United States; [.Mr. GILLETT of Massachusetts -withholds his remarks for and not by a vn.cilla.ting policy strike down Qne or the greatest and most revision. See Appendix.] promising industries of the country. I am referring especially to the beet­ sugal' industt:y; we may reasonably expect a large increll.Se from the cane Mr. SNODGRASS. Mr. Chairman, I regard a bounty to any­ product. To disturb the sugar bounty in any form whate-verw{)uld be penny wisdo;n body or to any enterprise as unjust, undemocratic, un-Ameri· anl'l pound foolishness. Were Con.gress to ddclare that the bounty shall rem am can, and unconstitutional. The gentleman from Arkansas said during thep~r!od named in the la.w, be for~ the expiration of. th.at time it is that this proposition for a bounty has an advantage over the safe to anticipate or predlct that five hundred sugar factones would be in operatio:q in the United States. That would employ $2,500,000,000 capital and protective system in that it will end in eight ye:1rn. I want to produce probably 5,000,000,000 pmmds of sugar. By that time the population ask the gentleman whether taxation on a revenue basis-a con­ of the Un.ited States will likely reach 100,000,000, an.d if each person consumes stitutional tax of, say, one-half a cent1 three-quarters of a cent, 70 pol!nds of sugar ann.ually, we would still have to import 2,0o::l,OOO,OOO pounds. But if 1n twenty-years we shouid have one thousand factories that or 1 cent a pound would not have an advant3.ge over either of would produce 10,000,000,000 pounds of sugar, and our population in that time these propositions? increase to 115.000.000, we would consume 8,050,000,000 pounds and have a sur­ The gentleman from Nebraska [Mr. BRYAN] says that if we plus of nearly 2,000r000,000 pounds for export, upon which the Government vote to put a duty upon sugar we shall defe.:tt the income tax. J would receive a duty. It 1s to be supposed tna.t by 1905 the lnduBtTy will have become so thor­ deny this proposition. I am as much in favor of an income hx oughly established that it will not be necessary to continue the bounty af~r and will go as far in compelling the wealth of the country to that date. Let us see whatwilllikely be theresultif the bounty istore~am bear in that way its proportional part of burdens of government tmtil 1905, and by reason thereof "500 factories should be in ~perat10n. We would have invested, largely of foreign capital. $'1,500,000,000 m plants. as the gentleman himself. But under this bill as reported, the Itwould require, say,5,000 acres of ground to be planted in beets for each f'ac­ taxpayers of this country will be taxed directly ever $34,000,000 tory1 or 2,500,000 acres in all. Each factory would give employment, for a in the next eight years, and when you consider that for every portion of each year, to 10,000 people, including the hands at the ra.ctory a.nd those cultivating the land, hauling the beets and transporting .the sugar, dollar you put in the Treasury there are $± additional t!'l.x.ation mining coal and limestone, and burning coke. That would g1ve partial upon the people, it requires very little time to see that tb.is employment to 5,0:JO,OOO people. Each factorywould consume per day,, say bounty for eight years would be mo-re oppressive, more outra­ -of 150 days for a campaign, 500 tons of beets, 60 tons of coal, 30 ton~ of lime­ stone, and 8 tons of coke, That would require a yearly consumptron of 37,­ geous, more burdensome upon the taxp1tyers of the country than .500,000 tons of beets, 4,500,000 tons of coal, 2,250,000 tons of limestone, and 600,· a tax af 1 cent or one-half cent a pound on this article. 000 tons of coke, and would in.crease the value of the 2,500,000 acres or land Another thing, this is the only agricultural industry in the ·rrom $10 to $lOOper acre, adding to the wealth or this country$W>,OOO,OOO in land values alone. whole country that could be incidentally benefited by a revenue To give em1Jloyment to 5,000,000persons, say·at $2 per day, 150days per ~n­ tariff, and it is proposed to proscribe it in the interest of the num, would aggr.egate $1,500,000,000 to say nothing of the vast number of m­ cotton and woolen manufacturers. Under this bill, as reported dustries that would be fostered an.d encouraged through it; while 2 cents per pound bounty on 5,000,000,000 pounds of sug:ar, which is probably all we by the Committee on Ways and Means, we have to pay on a pair 'Would produce by 1905, 'WOuld amount to $100.000,000, and thiB money would of woolen pants weighing 1 pound a protective duty of $1.50, be kept at home and distributed among the laboring and producing classes while we deny to this important agricultural industry of the ot the nation, while more than double that amount would go abroad for sugar if the industry is ~llowed to languish, which would have. to be pa~d country a single cent of the incidental benefits that are tore­ 'by the masses o! the people by a.ading 2 <'ents per pound to the pnce of therr sult from a tariff bill for revenue only. sugar. · I say that to this extent the bill as reportl3d by the committee 'l'wo hundred million dollars -a year or more which we would have to pay 'for foreign sugar would ·be a.n enormous amount, and under present con­ is undemocratic. It is in violation of the declarations of the ditions would hav-e to be paid in gold. Where is this money to eome from? DemDcratic platform as adopted in Chicago. You want to affil· Will you meet it by a yearly issue of Government bonds? It can not l>e met iate with cr:ime for eight years in order that you may put $1.50 l>y- export of our product& a.t present prices. If the nation is to prosper, t he productive interests of tne .count!·y must of protection upon a pair of pants weighing a pound. be fostered. From the cultiv.ation of the soil we re~tve our chief produc­ Mr. Chairman, the ,paramount consideration in this rnatter is tive values. It would be tutile to protect Eastern m:mnfacturers unless this: Here are $3!,000,000 which must be taken from the people equal protection. is extended to the producers of the soil, 1or the manufac· turer can not exist unless he finds a market ior hls mann.factur.ed product. during the next eight years. Is this levied for public purposes I1 t~refore the Jll'Odn.cts of the son ean not be produced at a pr oiit, there or fOI' private gain? 'I'hat is a legitimate inquiry. That it is will be no market for the manufactured article. The !ountaln must be sup­ levied to build up private enterprises, to give a few men or cor­ plied or the stream will go dry. porations making sugar an undue advantage, no ma.n can deny. In conclusion, allow me t o quote the words of that eminent You have the sm1.e right to give a bounty to the cotton-producer Ohio statesman, who is a living example that the people in his or the raiser of hogs or sheep or wheat or corn. You have no State, espeeially since the last election, sincerely believe by 80- right to give any one of them a bounty. This proposition is undem­ 000 major-icy that tariff is a p1·otection, that it is constitutional ocratic, unconstitutional, and absolutely wrong, without justice and a good thing for Amerioa and American citizens. from the standpoint of any proper system of taxation. There­ The proposed changes in the sugar schedule and the octagonal r epeal of fore, Mr. Chairman, I shall vote for the destruction of this the bonnty I can n.ot but regard as n. serious mistake. The reason for taking bounty and shall vote in favor of what I conceive to be a legiti· the duty off sugar entirelY in the ta.rtfl act of 1S90 was that. this was be­ lieved to be m ost in. accordance with the average sentiment of the country; mate duty on sugarJorrevenue-say one-half a cent or two-thirds t he Committee on Ways and Means at that time .desiring on the one hand of a cent. to give the people fl:ee and cheap·sugar , and on the other hand wishing to [Here the hammer fell.] a void doing harm to the important sugar-proaucing industry in this coun­ try. To this {lnd the duty was abolished, and a bounty of 2 cents gi>en for Mr. MALLORY. Mr. Chairman, this inquiry occm·s to my evm7 pound }Jrodnced in the United States. mind: What has the provision under ~nsid eration to do with The })eople who use sugar-a.nd who does .n.ot?-had previously paid $5:5,- the duties of the Committee on Ways and Means; and what has ­ 000,0CO out or t heir pockets fo1· t he protection of men who produce but one­ eighth of the amount of sugar we consume. We wiped that out, and in­ that committee to do with such legislation? I am inclined to stead or paying Q55,000, 000 a year we n.ow pay a. bounty oi $7,000,000, thus sav­ think, Mr. Chairman, that an objection based upon the point of ing $48,000.030 annually. jurisdiction would be tenable against the consideration of this If t his bount y should be undisturbed beet-root sugar iaetories would spring all t hrough theTegions suitable to the cultivation of the sugar beet, paragraph. The Committee on Ways and Means has confided and they would soon become as plenti!ul and as profitable in our great to it the function of looking after matters relating to such meas­ W estern Stat es as cheese and butter factories now are in the dairy r egions ures " as purport to raise revenue and the bonded debt of the ot New YOJ."k an.d the W estern States. The late Judge Kelley, the veteran 'Champion of proteotlon, used te estimate the-possible value of the beet-root United States." This is the sum of its functions. ;sugar in.dustl'y to the agricultural int-erests of the nation at not far from This paragraph makes no pretense whatever of providing any .$200,000,000 peT annum. revenue for the country, but explicitly provides for an appro­ .[Loud applause on the Republioa.n sid-e.] priation to be taken from the revenues of the country. It pro­ Mr. ROBERTSON of Louisiana. Mr. Chairman, I desi=re to poRes that a portion of the public revenue, wrung from the toil· "'ffer the amendment I sand to the desk. ing millions of this land solely and entirely for the purposes The CHAIRMAN. The amendment wiJl be read. named in section 8 of Article I of the Constitution, shall be The Clerk read as follows: wrested from its legitimate destination and applied to the pur­ Strike out aU of paragraph 181 and insert: "All sugars shall pay a duty pose of building up and maintaining private enterp-rises. It is npnn t heir polariscopic tests as follows, namely: All sugars testing by the an appropriation that in my humble ju.dgment is not only with· tpolariscope not above 75 degrees .shall pay a dnty of 1 cent per pound, and out au.thority of law, b ut is incorporated in this bill only by the .for evel'y :additional degree or fraction of a degree &'hown by the polariscopic test they sha.ll pay three one~hunilredths of a cent per pound additional aud exercise of power not ve ted in the committee. all sugars above No. 16 Dutch standard in color shall pay an additional duty Therefore, Mt·. Chairman, it seems to me. that on a fair inter- . . . 1196 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-- HOUSE. J ANU.A.RY 22," ~

pret!.ttion of the law uncler which we are acting, prescribed by The substitute which is befo !"e the House aims to remedy this ourselves, and conferring upon e1.ch committee only certain state of affairs. It will, it is true, increase the existing tax stated powers and duties, there should be no place whatever in moderately, but v~ry moderately, only one-half of 1 cent a pound. this bill for this paragraph. 'l'he substitute does not aim to benetit or injure any calling or­ But, sir, permitting this point to pass without further com­ any industry in the United States-certainly neither the pro­ ment, because my time is too limited to give it the discussionit duction of sugar or the refining of it. The object, and the sole merits, I wish to briefly refer to paragraph 180 and the q ues­ object, of this substitute is to put money into the public Tre:tsury; tions presented by it. I am free to ss.y that I am heartily op­ and the majority of this House ought to see that this is an essen­ posed to any recognition of the principle of a bounty by this Con­ tialline of action upon our p:trt. We are about to pass a bill gress. I can go as far as the gentleman from Nebraska [Mr. which for all practical purposes leaves as ample a protection to BRYAN], who spoke to-day on that subject, and say that I be­ those interested in the various schedules as did the McKinley lieve it is unjust and unconstitutional. bill. That bill afforded the manufacturer an average rate of •rhat distinguished gentleman some two years ago made a over 45 per cent, when, perhaps, he realizecl but 10 per cent. most eloquent and convincing speech on the subject of the tariff , If he realized but 10 percent out of the 45 written in the bond, and if I remember aright, he quoted with much applause in this then the Wilson bill in giving him 20 per cent still leaves him House from the opinion of the Supreme Court of the United as much actual protect.ion as he had before. Therefore, as our bill States, in a famous case that has often been referred to in tariff does not increase the revenue, and as it does reduce the revenue debates in this body. He indorsed the langu:;tge oi the judge through the free list, the necessity for some such action as is who rendered that decision, and I concur with him most heartily proposed in this substitute is patent. We can not do without in that indorsement. That opinion has been made to do duty it. We are now responsible for the control and management of here often before, but it is so strong, so terse and pointed, and this Government, and we can not permit the United States to so absolutely true, that I do not believe it can be too often rG­ hang upon the Treasury by its eyelids when the Government peated. Said the great judge, w1io, in that caee was the mouth­ has a right to depend upon the intelligence and good judgment piece of the court: of the majority upon the floor of this House to provide means To lay with one hand the power of the Government on the pro:perty of the for carrying it on. citizen, and with the other to bestow it upon individuals and pr1vate enter­ I can not expect to occupy a great deal of the time or the House, prises to build up private fortunes, is none the less a robbery because it is and will endeavor to briefly explain in detail the scope of this done under the forms o! law and 1s called taxation. This is not legislation; it 1s a decree under legislative torms. substitute which I have presented. In the first place, if you adopt this substitute it will do away with the bounty, a saving Now, the gentleman from Nebraska this morning proclaimed oi $9,000,000 this year, and possibly a saving of $10,000,000 or that although this bounty on sugar is robbery, although it is the $11,000,000 next year. expression of a principle and a policy which he condemns in the Its next clause putB a uniform tax, a specific duty, upon all most unmeasured terms, and notwithstanding he believes it un­ kinds of sugar. The consequence is that 1t does not m any way constitutional, he nevertheless will vote to continue the hateful benefit the refiner of sugar, though it does not aim to injure system, in conflict as it is with the solemn declarations of the him, for I contend that the refining of sugar is an industry as party of which he is a. member, rather than impose a tariff for legitima,te, proper, and important as almost any carried on in ' revenue on sugar. the United States, and there is no reason whatever why legisla· It is admitted, Mr. Chairman, that sugar is a subject which, lation here should be especially directed against the sugar re­ under a revenue tariff, will probably bring as much revenue to finers of the country. this country with a.B small a burden upon the individual as any Mr. HALL of Minnesota. How much of a specific duty do article that is covered by the schedules of this bill.- The impo­ you provide? sition of a t!lriff upon sugar to the amount of a cent a pound Mr. HARTER. A cent a pound upon every kind and grade would bring a large revenue to the country, and would not be of sugar. It is sc:trcely likely that in the next year, owing to appreciably felt by the people. It would be strictly a tariff for the general depression, we will import the same quantity of sul:{ar revenue, and as such would be consistent with the purpose of that we imported during the last fiscal year; but if we do", this this bill arid responsive to the necessities of the country. It would produce a revenue of over thirty-five millions of dollars. would be strictly within the limits of our po~ers prescribed by Now, add what you save on the bounty, which amounts to ten the Constitution-but I challenge the gentleman from Nebraska millions, and you have $45,000,000 of net revenue for the public to show any authority or hint of authority to impose a bol!_nty Treasury, as against $165,000 dliring the year just passed, while for any purpose. you have added to the burdep.s of the people only one-half of 1 It is generally conceded, Mr. Chairman, that this bill will not cent a pound upon the sugar they use. . produce a sufficient revenue to meet the requirements of the But this bill goes further, and it is essential that any bill in­ country; it is a fact that the Treasury is depleted, and that bonds tending to cover this question should do so. Ithas a clause in are about to be issued to restore it to a solvent footing; yet in it that provides that if any country endeavors to retaliate upon the face of these facts gentlemen in the same breath denounce us that then and thereupon we double the tax upon' sugar com­ this sugar bounty as robbery, an iniquity, and in every aspect ing from such co1mtry. I say this is necessary, because Spain, violative of the Constitution, and declare that they will never­ throug-h her colonies, is likely to retaliate, which would kE\ep theless vote forits continuance. Theypresentamoral phenome­ the co3l of Tennessee and Alabama out of the Spanish West non that tome is inexplicable, and which! sincerely believe they Indies. It would drive out the agricultural products of Texas themselves will never be able to satisfactorily explain. While and of the great West which reach the Spanish possessions by I believe that it would be a wise policy, and one based on prin­ way of the Mississippi, as well as the manufactured goods of the ciple, for this Congress to impose a revenl]e tariff on sugar, I am balance of the country. It will be seen at once, therefore, that also convinced that it will be most impolitic, most unjust and this provision is an essential one. subversive of one of the most fundamental principles of Democ­ There is another matter that is also fully covered by this sub­ racy to permit this legacy of Republicanism to stand a moment stitute which has not been referred to here on the floor, and it longer than we can prevent it. is this: It provides that in cases where foreign countries allow [Here the hammer fell.l a bounty upon the export of sugar that such bounty be added to Mr. HARTER. Mr. Chairman, a short sketch of this ques­ the tax of 1 cent a pound. tion of sugar taxation will not be out of place in this discussion. As Germany allows half a cent export bounty, France half a When the Fifty-firstCongressassembled there was an average cent to three-quarters of a cent, the bill provides that this half tax upon sugar amounting to about 2cents a pound, which poured or three-quarters of a cent shall be added to the tax of 1 cent a into the Treasury a revenue of nearly $58,000,000. The McKin­ pound which it places upon _all sugars in order that our refining ley bill reduced the tax upon sugar to one-half of 1 cent per pound industry may not be stricken down by the unfair competition. upon certain varieties. But the varieties upon which this tax The last clause of the substitute strikes outsection641, on page remained, unfortunately, were those used for all domestic pur­ 86. The final result of the whole matter, then, is that if you poses. In addition to this the bill added a bounty which was ps,ss this sub$titute you put $45,000,000 into the Treasury in­ given to the producer of sugar in Louisiana. The first effect of stead of $165,000, while you make but a trifling increase in the this legislation was to divert $58,000,000 from the Public Treas­ taxes actually paid by the people. ury. But this was not all, for as a consequence of this legisla­ Mr. PENCE. I understand the line upon which the gentle­ tion_in the last fiscal year, ending June 30,1893, the people paid man proposes to renew the duty upon sugar is that the Treasury to the sugar refiners of the country in the neighborhood of $15,- really needs it? 000, 000; they also paid to the producers of raw sugar about $9,000,- Mr. HARTER. Yes. 000; making $24,000,000 paid by the people. How much of this Mr. PENCE. Are we to understand that tlle gentleman would vast sum taken from the taxpayers has reached the public rather fill that need of the Treasury by a tax upon sugar, which Treasury? As nearly as I can state only about $165,000 out of the all of the people use, rather than by an income tax, as advocated entire $24,000,000 went to the Government. by the gentleman from Nebraska [Mr. BRYAN]? - 1894. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 1197

Mr. HARTER. In a.nswcr to that I h~ve to say if I had my 'Ne are now sending out $100,000,000 each year, paying for it, choice between two taxes which would afford an equ:1l amount and we want the people of this country to manufacture that of revenue with as little trouble and with as small an expense, sugar, to produce it; and it is shown that il this bounty con­ I should vote for the income tax in preference; but in view of tinues you will buy it for one-half less than what it was. You the fact that the income .tax proposed will yield but a sm~ll put coftee on the free list. and that never made it any cheaper. fraction of the net sum which this will pour into the Treasury, The coffee-raisers in Brazil and those countries that raise it and of the further fact that it would require the employment of immediately raised the price and not a single invoice came in additional men in large numbers, and because of the other man­ che3>per after it was put on the free list, and it is dearer now ifest objections to an income tax, I decidedly prefer this plan. th:tn when it paid duty. If you have to buy it, you know that. The CHAIRMAN. The time ot the gentleman from Ohio lApplause.] [Mr. HARTER] has expired. Mr. Chairman, five years ago this last autumn I drove from Mr. PENCE. I ask that the gentleman may h::tve one min- Onhrio: in San Bernardino County, Cal.,acrosstheChinoplains ute more, so that I can ask him another question. some !J miles to the residence of Mr. Richard Gird, over a There was no objection. wide level plain. Midway across there were a dozen cheap wooden · Mr. PENCE. One minute has been added to your time. houses in a cluster, all but two or three of them vacant. They Mr. HARTER. How much time have I left?. were a fragme:1t, a reminiscence of a real-estate boom that had Mr. PENCE. One minute. I got it for you, and I want to suddenly dropped down on the plain one day and as suddenly de­ use a part of it. [Laughter.] The gentleman from Ohio speaks pa-rted the next. A few cattle were grazing, some buzzards lazily with reference to the expense of collecting the respective taxes. tloating in the air, and these were all the signs of life visible, and I ask him if it is not a fact that the Secretary of the Treasury, over all rested the prlmev~ silence of the plains. Mr. Carlisle, has reported in a formal document to Congre::>s, One year ago last Oct0ber I was on my way to visit Chino and aside from that fact, if it is not a. tact independent in his re­ again. On the cars the conversation had turned to the sugar­ port, that the percentage for the collection of custams duties beet industry, and I noticed a young-, strong fellow, who sat in is 3.6 per cent, internal revenue t:tXes 2.~, whereas from 1863 to the next seat, was much interested. As he rested his large 1873 the percenta.ge for the collection of an income tax was strong hands on the back of the seat, I saw they bore mark§! of about 1.6 per cent, or the cheapest percentage for collection of hard manual labor. At la,gt turning t-o me, he said: "Mr. Bow­ any tax we ever had? ERS, I want to tell you what I have done this last season. I had Mr. HARTER. If the statement made- last winter a span of broncos that cost me about $75, and, an old 'l'he CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Ohio has wagon and harness worth $25. That is all I had to begin with. expired. [Laughter.] · I went to Chino and hired some land of Gird' and went to work. Mr. PENCE. Mr. Chairman, 1 askforanother minute to ena­ 1 worked harp and early and late; I did nearly all my work ex­ ble the gentleman to answer my question. cept hiring some help in harvesting. I just finished the other Mr. COOMBS. I object. day, and all my beets were sold to the Chino factory and I have The CHAIRMAN. Objection is made by the gentleman from cleared on my own work for less than a year a little over $1,000 New York. and have got the money. That is the be3t year's work I ever Mr. BOWERS of California. Mr. Chairman, I desire gentle­ did." men to give me this five minutes, and I will not ask for an ex­ As I have said, I was on my way to Chino again. This time I tension. rode from Ontario in a railroad car to where three years before As one of the Representatives of the great State of California, I found the little cluster of vacant houses. Now I S!lw that a which, second only to the State of Louisiana, has a greater direct great change had taken place; a great factory had lit down on interest in this sugf!.~ schedule than any other Stat-e in the Union, the plain. From an elevated platform on one side of the fact.ory having two of the greatest beet-sugar factories in the world, I I surveyed the scene. On every side stretched the cultivated · had hoped that when this schedule was reached amplf3 time fields, and hundreds of busy men and women were at work in might be gi\en to the Represent:1tives to show the interest that them. From every dir;.ection the loaded teams were coming, and California in common with other States h!is in this great ques­ these deposited in the great bins 400 tons of beets each day. tion. Goi~g to the other side of the mill I found a long train of freight To show that if this Cong-ress and succeeding Congresses cars being loaded with the white sugar of'which that factory will not shamelessly violate the sacred contract that they en­ turned out this year 15,000,000 pounds. The hum of industry, tered into with their citizens in regard to this matter, that in the sounds of the busy mill, and the laughter of the workers in ten years the State of California alone will save this country the field were borne on every breeze. In the evening I met in a over $50,000,000 each year, now paid foreign countries in buying fine, spacious public hall500 intelligent, bright, cheerful people, sugar. The fa-etory in Chino, which is my district, last year American farmers and workmen and workwomen. produced 15,000,000 pounds of fine granulated sugar. The fac­ Here by the magic of the intelligent and wise public business toJ'Y at Watsonville proJ.uced something more than that, nearly policy of the Republican party the silent desert plain had blos­ 2•),000,000 pounds. I wish that. time might allow me to show to somed into fertile fields, and the waste places were transformed you how under this act the waste places in California have been into comfortable American homes. made to bud and blossom. I wish I had time to demostrate to Mr. Chairman, the poor man about whom our friends on the the gentleman from Nebraska [Mr. BRYAN], who so pitifully por­ other side talk so much, who buys this white sugar made by the trayed th!1tpoor woman and the poor· man who had to_buy sugar, Chino factory, gets 20 pounds for $1. Under the business policy to t311 him that under this McKinley law those who had to buy that our Democratic friends want to take this country back to­ sugar could procure 20 pounds of this Chino white sugar for a and the Democratic party is always looking back, always want­ dollar, and under the methods he asks us to go back to, in the ing to go back, forgetting that the world goes ever on and never good old Democratic times, the poor woman could only have got turns ba-ek-under this Democratic policy, I say, the sJ.me poor 7 pounds of brown sugar or 6.. pounds of white sugar for a dol­ man in the good old Democratic times got 7 pounds of brown lar. That is what we are asked to give up. sugar for $1, and 5 to 6 pounds of white sugar for the same price; Our Democratic friends are always looking back. They and he got haH a dollar for a day's work, or $10 for a month's · always want to turn back. That is the difference between them work. So. the resulting precipitate of the union of Democratic and the Republican party. The Republicans always want to go theories with Democratic business methods was 7 pounds of ~head . · brown sugar for $1, and the result of Republican theories and M.r. MAGUIRE. What method is it that you object to re­ business methods is 20 pounds of the best white sugar for $1, to­ turLing to? gether with the prosperity of the sugar-makers of America. Mr. BOWERS of California. I object to returning to the old That is the difference-retrogression, and an intelligent progres­ Democratic methods thatyouareasking andadvocatingnow, the sion in the march of civilization and enlightment. idea of tariff for ravenue, under which the people were able to The act giving a bounty on sugar was a contract not only im­ obtain only 7 pounds of brown sugar for the dollar. plied but expressed in words, and has proved of the greatest in­ Mr. MAGUIRE. Do you object to a tariff t:tx? terest to all the people of the United States. Precisely such a Mr. BOWERS of California. No, I want a tariff for revenue, contract between citizens would be enforced by the courts of the and I want a tariff for protection; and IwanttosJ.ythatwhereas United States. The sugar schedule in this bill is a deliberate the people pay only eight o1· nine million dollars a year for this violation of a contract entered into with citizens to develop a bounty, heretofore you paid $50,000,000 in the way of taxes­ great industry, and now the Government proposes to ignore duties-if that is a tax, and according to your own confession we every moral and legal obligation because it is the strongest have reduced the tax $40,000,000. party, and owns the courts, and is sole executor of the law. It Mr. MAGUIRE. · Why do you object to a tariff tax? does deliberately and shamelessly what its courts condemns and Mr. BOWF.RS of California. Simply because we can get punishes the citizen for. alobg without it; and .under the effect of this bounty in ten The adoption of this schedule will not close the Chino factory years we will produce in the United States all the sugar we want. this year nor the next: po~sibly; but H will prevent the build· 1198 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. JANUARY 22,- · ing of three other factories this year in the seventh district of tlemen representing the State qf Louisiana on this .floor and Ca.lifornia, to build which the companies have already been representing the region of country which makes sugar from the formed and consist almost wholly of farmers. This not because beet opposed the proposition to take the tax off foreign sugars the reduction of one-quarter of 1 per cent bounty per year is and to put the protection to our own sugar-growers in the shape of here made· but because it is a violation of contract, it is a notice a bounty, unauthorized by the Constitution, unknown in the his­ that the party of the first p:trt, being the United States, is dis­ tor.v of om· country, while at the same time striking down the honest and will give no security that it will abide by the con­ income derived from that article which yielded the purest rev­ tract it propos~ in this bill; or will be honest so long as the enue on Democratic principles. I ·appeal to my Democratic present element controls it; and so the farmers of Oran~e and friends to put sugar b:1ck on the taxed schedule from which it Riverside and San Diego and Fresno Counties, as well as the farm­ never ought to lia-ve been taken. That will be an act of simple ers of all the other States, must wait until the Government of justice to the producers of sugar in this country, whether from the United States passes from the agents of all Europe into the the cane or from the beet. hands of Americans who will consult the interests of American Mr. WARNER. l\1r. Chairman, I send to the desk and ask the people rather than the interest of foreign peoples. As has been Clerk to read an ·amendment, the object of which is to strike out shown, the United Stat-es produces only ab?u tone-tenth the sugar from our hriff schedules the remnant of protection which the consumed, and we pay $lOO,OOO,OOOtoforeigners. If the present pending bill proposes to leave for the benefit of the sugar trust law be continued the people o~ this country will in. a few years in the city of New York. be plying the greater part of this immense sum to themselves The amendment was read, as follows: instead of to ioreign peoples. Strike out paragraph 181, including lines llt 12, and 13, on page 28; and Mr. HOOKER of Mississippi. Mr. Chairman,Ihavefollowed strilte out from paragraph 641 the words ••not above No. 16 Dutch standard the recommendations ot the Ways and Means Committee on this in color, n · in line 9 and 10, on page 86. bili up to this point. I differ with them now, with a great deal Mr. WARNER. Now, Mr. Chairman, the first reason why I of reluctance and diffidence in my judgment, because I know ask for the adoption of this amendment is that by taking off the · that they have had long experience upon this subject and that duty proposed-one-quarter of a cent per pound-upon refined they have given a great deal of attention to it. sugar, you will take off that duty which weighs most universally . I think, however, there can be no.-doubt about one proposition, upon every one in this country, and by so doing will give the that if the Republican party believes in the doctrine of taxation most prompt relief and the relief which will be most appreciated for protection's sake the Democra'vic party believes in the doctrine of any that can be afforded in any line of tariff reduction. of hxation for revenue, carrying along with it whatever inci­ The next reason why I ask for the adoption of this amendment dent:l.l protection may come to our own people engaged in manu­ is this, and here I appeal especially to rriy friends on the Demo­ facturing like articles. By the two hundred and thirty-first cratic side of the House: The duty of one-quarter ot 1 cent per section of the McKinley law, which went into operation in Oc­ pound is not a revenue duty. tober, _1891 1 it was provided as follows: Mr. BRECKINRIDGE of Kentucky. Does the gentleman's SCHEDULE E.-SUGAR. amendment propose to make these sugars free? 231. That on and after July 1, 1891, an.d until Julyl, 1905, there shall be paid, Mr. WARNER. Absolutelyfree. The duty of one-quarter of from any moneys in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, under the 1 cent, I say, is not a revenue duty. The sugar trust will con­ provisions of section 3689 of the Revised Statutes, to thtl producer of sugar testing not less than goo by the-polariscops, from beets, sorghum, or sugar trol then, just as it does now, the supply of refined sugar for this cane grown within the United States, or from maple sap produced within country. The only consequence will be that it will have to take the United States, a bounty of 2 cents per pound; and upon such sugar test­ a quarter of a cent less per pound for its product. Now, I am ing less than ooo by the polariscope, and not less than 80°, a bounty o! li cents per pound, under such rules and regulations as the Commissioner of aware that there have been presented to the Ways and Means Internal Revenue, with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury, shall Committee data intended to show that the sugar refinel's of Ger­ pre~t ribe. many are swindling their Government just as our sugar refiners By that legislation the Republican party destroyed the rev­ used to swindle ours, and that, as a consequence, there is prac­ enue produced from sugar at a single stroke of the pen. If the tically an export duty on sugar from Germany of nearly one­ law had remained as it was before the p~sage of the McKinley quarter of a cent. That statement was made in the Sts.tistical bill the sixty millions deficit now apprehended by the Secretary Journal, which is owned, body and soul, by the sugar trust; but of the Treasury would not exist. But the Republicans did 'not within two months of making the statement they were forced believe in the doctrine of taxation for revenue to support the to retract it and admit that that so-called export duty amounts Govcrnmen t, and hence they struck down the raven ue tax at our to less than 6t cents net per 100 pounds, instead of nearly a quar­ custom-houses upon that very article which put into the Treas­ ter of a cent per pound. ury, without diminution, without any of the tax going into the There is another reason. Even if it were true, as claimed, that pockets of the manufacturers, $50,000,000 per annum. That was there is an export bounty on German sugar, the putting on in the policy of the Republican party, adopted under the idea of consequence of a duty in our tariff schedule would be simply an following the lead of Napoleon in Fran'ce and the policy after­ act of retaliation-reciprocity, not revenue. Now, sir, after we ward adopted in Germany and 6ther countries, in the hope that have kicked Republican reciprocity out of the proposed tariff the bounty would lead to the production of a sufficient amount of schedules, I appeal to my Democratic friends not to let it be re­ sugar from beets to make us a self-sustaining country a9 far as vived in favor of the least deserving of the sturdy paupers who the sugar required for our own consumption was concerned, and rove heretofore claimed it, the American Sugar Refiners' Com- in the progress of the dismission of the McKinley bill my friend from Michicran, Mr. O'Donnell, a Republican member of this pax~·ain, sir, I am opposed to the whole principle. If Germany House, pres~nted some facts showing the results in France and is foolish enough, as the result of a conspiracy of her refiners, to give them protection and thereby g1ve us cheap sugar, for Gel'Ll8.ny and in other countrie.s of that policy 1 which will be found interesting. He said: Heaven's sake let them have protection, and let our people have Under Napoleon the beet-sugar industry of France had its beginning and the cheap sugar. [Applause.j ever since the Government has steadily encouraged bybounties the cultiva­ And, sir, I am anxious that this amendment shall be adopted tion of sugar. In the past four years the bounties paid to the sugar-growers for another reason. The Republican party has denounced trusts of France aggregate $-!3,000,000; then there is a. tariff of 2.25 to 2.80 cents per poun

follows: 1891, five~eightbs of a cent per pound; 1892, 1k cents per not merely aided to the price of its product the increa-sed cost pound, and 1893, nearly H cents per pound. This is why, when of its raw material, but increased its alr ady extortionate margin the McKinley bill gaveZcentsreductiononrawsugar, rawsugar for refining by exacting even more extortionate profits during has been only about H cents lower in consequence; and this is the time that disea-se and death and dt·ead shielded it fram com­ the way that revenues have been paid on watered sugar-trust petition; stock. It has been my disgusting experience, sir, to have investigated How flagrant have been the stock manipulations for which more than one hundred and fifty trusts. There are great trusts the people have had to pay is not generally known. so liberally formed as to be almost ro7al in their robbery of the This is the showing in a nutshell: The whole capital of all the people; there are petty trusts so insignificant that their mean­ refineries that were ta.ken into the trust, including that of ness scarcely merits mention. But I unhesitatingly brand the Spreckels in Philadelphia, amounted to $17,650,000, and the sugar trust as the gr-ea.test mean trust and the meanest great value of their plants to $10.,900,000. Of these, refineries repre­ trust that disgraces the American soil to-day. senting $±,110,000 of capital ~d $3,160,000 in value of the plants Let us wipe out the duty on refined sugar and give the people wera closed or dismantled. The market is supplied by the re­ cheaper necessaries of life; let us kick out of a Democratic meas­ maining refineries, which were originally capitalized at $13,440,- ure a tari:ff tha.t is not for revenue; let us repudiate reciprocity 000 and the value of whose plants was $7,740,000. This last sum when invoked in favor of the most flagrant trust we have wait­ is the actual value of the property required to do the business ing its punishment; let us show -the difference between Repub­ of the trust. lican promise and Domocratic practice when a real blow at As only their plant was cuntributed by the orig-inal owners, a IllOnopoly is to be driven home. [Applause.] working capital was obtained by the issue of $10,000,000 of bonds. Mr. PICKLER. I desire to have read a communication on The gross capital, therefore, on which the business could be rea­ this subject ,from M1•. Lewis McLouth, president of the State sonably required to earn dividends was $17,740,000. But it ha.s Agricultural College of -South Dakota. issued in addition $75,000,000 of stock, ·equally divided between The Clerk read as follows: common ·and preferred stock. This stock, representing no ma­ BROOKINGS, S.DAK., .December 20, 1893. terial and no expenditure, has been unloaded upon the public at DEAR Sm: It may be unnecessary for me to do so, out I desire to Wl'ite you a line in reference to a matter that. appea'l'S to tne to be of considerable in­ high prices, and the refiners in the "combine" have pocketed terest to our State. For the past four .or five years the experiment station the proceeds. They are charging the peop1e for sugar a price connected with this institution has been to a very considerable extent P.n­ intended to earn a profit on this enormous capitalization, and gaged in the growing and testing o! the sugar beet with the view or deter· mining whether this industry would he profitable in this State. Our experi­ they are enabled to do it by the present protective -tari:ff on re­ ments, ooth in groWing-the beet and testing its sugar-producing capacity, fined sugar. have been altogether successful and promising. In fact we have analyzed And while this debate is going on the sugar trust is standing specimens of sugar beet .grown in South Dakota that y1eld1 over 20 per cent of sugar, an amount exceeding the saccharine yield of the beet in almost any as a-criminal before the United States circuit court at Philadel­ other country. phh, snapping its fingers at a Democratic Attorney-General at­ We have published the results oi our experiments r epeatedly; and have tempting to enforce a defective Republican law, put upon the so constantly and so generally called the attention of people to the proposed new industry that three months ago we weTe addressed by tke agent o! a statute books not in good faith, but for campaign purposes only. large syndicate who expressed a Willingness, ot a desire !might say, to In­ Not merely does the sugar trust deprive the American people vest money in sugar-beet plants in the State as soon as they could have rea­ of e\en the poor relief vouchsafed by McKinley; not merely has sonable assurance that the farmers o! the State would raise the beet in suffl.­ cientquantities. With this thought in view we made at onee partial arrange­ 't violated decency in extorting twice the legitimate margin for ments for holding some sugar-beet institutes in central localities where some refining in order to pay dividends on $75,000,000 of water, while interest had alreadybeenmanifested; and the a.gentof the above-mentioned it is being unloaded to gulls who can be made to believe the syndicate offered to send an expert to assist at these institut-es, and to ex­ hibit by means of lantern slides and in other ways the apparatus needed for American people will long tolerate its impositions· but it has the extraction and concentration Of the sugar. Our arrangements for these flagrantly violated every principle of prudence, as well as human­ institutes were nearly completed When the new proposed tarift blll was made ity, in a way which shows at once its own consciousness that it public. This seems to dam:pen the ardor or our people, and eSJ)eciaUy that or the has no reputation to lose,,and its 1~esolve to grab all it can while parties who had previously expressed a willingne!:ls to put. money _into the it is permitted to grab at all. The following figures show the enterprise. So disheartened have they now become oveT the matter that price of centrifugals, the price of granulated sugar, and the mar­ they have declined even to send an agent to assist us in the institute work. I presume that many of these facts have already come to your notice and gin charged by the sugar trust for refining each week between tbat you will hardly need any exhortation from me urging you to do what July 20, 1892, and February 9, 1893, the figures in each case be- you can to protect an industry which promises to be of great value to our ng given in cents and decimals: people. The case appears to me all the more worthy because of the fact that legislative encouragement. had been o:rtered a.nd many people have invested --~ money in the enterprise with the expectation that the promise of Congress Genttif- Granu- 'Henning )Vas good for some time to come. ugal. la.ted. tnargin. With these statements and these expressions of opinion I leave the matter to your

we propose tol'~i.<;e ourmoney for public·expenses bytaxingtheprodncts No words can add to the blistering comment involved in these of other nations rather than by taxing the products of our own. figures. They show how, when the cholera scare throughout He said further: the world added to the misery o'f pestilence in the beet-sugar Howwlll you raise the money? You cauraiseit by direct taxes, bytaxi.Iig ports of Europe, the sugar trust took advantage of the curse of yourselves, your labor, your property, your farms; or you can raise it by God to trade on the fears o.f our people, taxed for its benefit and putting the tax upon other coun~ies seeking a maPlret in the United States. 1200 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD--HOUSE. JANUARY 22,

The Republican party bl'llieves that we should never tax our own people as declare for an income tax, as advocated by the gentleman from long as we can have other people to tax. Nebraska [Mr. BRYAN], but it did declare for a tariff for reve­ When you put sugar upon the free list~ you proved to the nue. Where are you going to get a tariff for revenue to an ex­ country that the tariff is a tax; and according to the assertion tent as great as you would by a tax on sugar? of the gentlemm from illinois [Mr. CANNONj here to-day the The gentleman from Nebraska sa.id two things in his speech abolition of this tax has saved to the people of the United States out of line with his party's platform. First, he inveighed against $1.30 per capita. a tariff on sugar notwithstanding the fact that it is a revenue Mr. CANNON of Illinois. Will the gentleman allow me-­ tariff and that his party's platform had declared for such a tariff. Mr. SIMPSON. I have only a few minutes; I would like to Secondly, he advocated an income tax, which his party at Chi­ yield to the gentleman, butl can not. cago did not declare for. Now, Mr. Chairman, it is unfortunate for the Louisiana sugar Mr. Chairman, a tax upon sugar is the ideal tax. It gives the industry, which has already been developed to its full capacity, ma.ximum of revenue with the minimum of taxation and the that on accOtmt of climate, sugar can not be raised successfully minimum of protection. For every dollar that it pays into the in Louisiana in competition with other countries, because in pockets of the sugar-pro duce~ from $8 to $10 is paid into the Louisiana they have a season of but eight months, whereas a Treasury of the United States in the way of revenue. season of twelve months is needed. You gentlemen on this (Democratic) side of the House-, with a Further, Mr. Chairman, there has been put forward for pro­ long record of nearly one hundred years of Democratic declara­ tection the maple-sugar industry, an "infant industry" that tion of a tariff tor revenue, are you prepared to strike down the dates back to the time when Columbus discovered America, the sugar industry of Louisiana here, in the house of its friends, and "infant industry" of boring a hole in the maple tree, getting in violation of one. of the cardinal tenets of your party? This is the sap outof it, and reducing it to sugar. These two things are a serious question for the members of this side to consider. enough to load down the bill so as to prevent any conscientious Here you have a bill which is not a revenue-producing bill in legislator from voting for it. the sense that it will yield the funds which the national Treas­ On the other hand, the sorghum industry has made remarka­ ury requires. Did not the honorable Secretary of the Treasury, ble strides toward the successful solution of the production of in a letter a few days ago to the chairman of the Senate Com­ sug:ar from sorghum at a profit. Ten years ago-- mittee on Finance, tell that gentleman that from the 1st day of l Here the hammer fell.] July, 1893, to the 13th day of the present month the excess of Mr. SIMPSON. I ask two minutes more. expenditures of the Treasury over receipts aggregated $-13,500,- Mr. BOATNER. Anurn ber of other gentlemen want to speak, 000? And did he not further say that if this excess of expendi· and would be glad to have five minutes. , tures, monthly, continued, as had been the case for the last six The CHAIRMAN. Is the Chair to understand that as an ob­ months, the deficit in the Treasury at the beginning of the next jection? fiscal year, July 1, 1894, would aggregate the enormous sum of Mr. BOATNER. Yes, sir. $78,000,000? Mr. BLANCHARD. Mr. Chairman, having only ten minutes How are you to raise the money with which to meet that def­ I trust that my time will not be t3.ken up by interruptions. icit if you deny a revenue tax upon sugar? You say you are The gentleman from Kansas [Mr. SIMPSON], who has just ad­ going to get it from incomes. I deny that you can obtain that dressed the House, declares against a tariff for revenue-that is, much money from any income tax that it is possible to pass a sugar tax-and for the maintena.nce of the bounty system as through this Congress. Any income tax greater than that adopted in the McKinley act. The gentleman from Kansas rep­ which it is currently rumored has been agreed upon by the resents a political ps.::.'ty which declared for an income tax; and Ways and Means Committee and is expected soon to be re­ he favors that more than he does a revenue tariff. He would ported to this House would have no more chance to pass Con­ raise the money _the Treasury needs by a tax on incomes, while gress-to use an expression of a Senator from Kentucky-"than I would raise part of it by a revenue tax: on sugar and part by a a one-legged grasshopper would have in a coop of turkeys." tax on incomes. [L1.ughter.] And the income bx which the Ways and Means But further, the gentleman denounces the sugar industry of Committee ?-re expected to report, even if it could pass Con­ Louisiana and eulogizes the sorghum industry of the West. gress, which is doubtful, would not yield sufficient revenue to There appears to be a special reason for the gentleman doing meet the Treasury requirement. More revenue than what it thi1:1. Here in this Treasury report which I hold in my hand, will afford, and what this bill in its present state will afford, I find that in the gentleman's own town, Medicine Lodg·e, Ka.ns.­ must be raised. That is the plain proposition that should ad­ (he is known on this floor, I believe, as ''the statesman from dress itself especially to the dominant party in this House. If Medicine Lodge ")-there is a sorghum sugar factory called the you adopt a duty of H cents upon sugar, you provide the means ''Medicine Lodg-e Sugar Company, Limited," which received of raising $45,000,000 per year. If you adopt the duty in lieu of last year upon sorghum sugar $10,216 in bounties. That ac­ the bounty proposition of the McKinley act and in lieu of the counts, perhaps, for the gentleman's solicitude about the mn.in­ bounty proposition embodied in the pending bill, which in my tenance of a bounty and his remarks in eulogy of the sorghum­ opinion should b'3 done, you save to the Treasury the cost of sugar industry. the bounty something like $10,000,000 a year; and thus by the Mr. SIMPSON. Does the gentleman infer­ adoption of the duty mentioned, and by the abolition of the Mr. BLANCHARD. I decline to be interrupted. bounty a difference of $55,000,000 a year is made in the Treas­ Mr. SIMPSON. The gentleman oug-ht to allow me to correct ury. This practically covers the deficit. that statement. Mt·. Chairman, the sugar industry of the United States, if Mr. BLANCHARD. If I have made any error of statement given a fair chance, if given that fostering care of the Govern­ the gentleman can take occasion in his own time to correct it. ment which would spring from a tariff for revenue on sugar, Mr. SIMPSON. Does the gentleman infer that I voted for would in two decades from this time produce all the sugar that that bounty? the American people consume. Why, sir there arc produced in Mr. BLANCHARD. Mr. Chairman, I de_cline to be inter­ Germany a million tons of sugar from beets alone; and yet we rupted. have in the United States an area of country twice as large as The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Louisiana declines the Germanic Empire susceptible of raising _the sugar beet as to be interrupted. successfully as it is raised in Germany. We have another area Mr. BLANCHARD. And I trust that this interruption will as great in extent as Germany susceptible of raising successfully not be taken out of my time. cane for sugar production; and still another area as large as Nor did I charO'e that the gentleman's motive in speaking just Germany and France combined, susceptible of raising in great now as he did was because of the existence of the sugar factory abundance and of fine quality sorghum for sugar-making pur­ in his own town, and its reception of more than $10,000 in boun­ poses. ties. I referred to the matter a1·guendo. In the State of Louisiana alone we have arable alluvial land Mr. Chairman, the Republican party when last in power re­ of extent sufficient to produce 1,000,000 tons of cane sugar an­ pudiated and struck down the duty upon sugar because it was a nually. revenue duty, and their policy of taxation favored protective ~ugar production in Louisiana increased from 375,000,000 duties rather than revenue duties. Now, the Democratic party, pounds in 1891, to 440,000,000 pounds in 1892, and 600,000,000 so far at least as the Wajs and Means Committee of this House pounds in 1893. is entitled to speak for the party, proposes to repudiate a duty We have increased from 4,000 tons in 1864, the last year of the on sugar, notwithstanding the fact that it is essentially a reve­ war, to 300,000 tons in 1893. We have, approximating, $120,- nue duty. IJ there is anything the Democratic party has stood 000,000 of capital invested in this industry in Louisiana, and half for all these years it has been a tariff for revenue with the inci­ a million people d~rectly and indirectly earn a living by it. dent of protection. Our sugar crop 1s worth about$25,000,00) annually and creates The Demncratic national platform a.jopted at Chicago did not an interstate commerce of Ior11y or fifty millions a yea.r. In 1893 1$94. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE. 1201·

25,000 tons of beet sugar were produced in the United States, opposed on constitutional grounds has reh.inad its place upon being an increase-of 1~)-000 tons over the previous year's produc­ our statute books for one hundred years. _ tion. Judge Cooley, in his great work on Taxation,laysdown the doc­ Are not these promising signs of the healthfulness and steady trine sq u :1rely that '' bounties and pensions may be given by the growth of the industry of sugar -production in North America? General Government." We pay out annually about$10;'l,000,000forforeign sugar. Our In the case of People vs. Board, etc. (9 Mich., 327), it was held: annual consumption is about 4,000,000,000 pounds of sugar. By Where a bounty offered under a law of the State is actually earned, there­ a wise policy of incident~ protection to our domestic sugar in­ duction of the bounty by a subsequent amendment of the law does not de­ prive the party of the full bounty given by the original act. dustry we C3.n. readily and easily_produc s sugar not only suffi­ cient for our domestic uses, but we should in time become great In Smith vs. Aplin (80 Mich., 205) it was held: <3xporters of sugar. The right of a soldier coming within the provisions of the law entitling Mr. Chairman, I am here to advocate this incidental protec­ him to a State bounty of $100, which had been offered, became. of a vested tion to sugar production. I am here to urge a duty upon sugar l'ight of which the Legislature could not deprive him. which raises the revenue the Tre~ury needs and gives encour­ In the case of Calder vs. Henderson, United States circuit agement to a Southern agricultural industry. court of appeals, at November term, 1892, it was held: From the formation of the Government down to July 1, 1891, Prior to 1890 the production of sugar was fostered by the Government of sugar was taxed to supply revenue. Before Louisiana became the United States by a protective taril! which imposed such duties upon im­ part of the Union a tax of 3 cents a pound was placed on sugar. ported sugar as practically enabled the producers in this country to obtain a price for the sugar produced by them compensatory or the cost of produc­ There are two kinds of taxation, viz, taxation of the people for tion. it being well understood that, without the enhanced price resulting the benefit of the classes, and t:1xation of the people for the sup­ from the tariff, sugar in quantities could only be produced in the United port of the Government. The tax on sugar belongs to the latter States at a loss to the producer. In 1890 the Government of the United States, without changing its policy in respect to sugar produced, changed and is defensible. the method of encouraging production by practically placreg sugar upon Here the hammer fell.] the free list and enacting the bounty system. Mr. HAINER of Nebraska. Mr. Chairman, the sugar sched­ The law gr anting the bounty, so far as it is material to this case, is as !ol· lows : ule is one of the most important affected by this bill. I do not " 231. That on and after July 1, 1891, and until July 1, 1905, there shall be care to dwell on its local phases. The bill will cripple a great paid, from any moneys in the Treasury not oth~rwise appropriated, under industry in Louisiana and crush out the most promising one in the provisions of section 3589 of the Revised Statutes, to the producer of sugar testing not less than 90° by the polariscope, from beets, sorghum, or California, Utah, Nebraska, and other States and Territories in sugar cane grown within the United States, a bounty of 2 cents per pound; the middle upland belt of the United States. But let that pass. and upon sugar testing less than goo by the polariscope and not less than 80°, We have h eard so much from the majority denouncing indus­ a bounty or l i cents per pound, under such rnles and regulations as the Com­ missioner of Intern3.l Revenue, with the approval of the Secretary of the tries which are local the country will rightly conclude that to Treasury, shall prescribe. insure the blotting out of any duty it is only necessary to show " 232. 'l'he producer or said sugar to be entitled to said bounty shall have its continuance is highly beneficial to any section. first filed prior to July 1 of each year with the Commissioner of Internal Revenue a notice of the place of production, with a general description of They have also said so much of national interests as distin­ the machinery and methods t o be employed by him, with an estimate of the guished from the local, I desire to stir up their broad, patriotic amount or sugar proposed to be produced in the current or next year, in­ minds by directing them to the national aspects of the case. cluding the number of ~ple trees to be tapped, and an applicat-ion for a license to so produce, to be accompanied by a bond in a penalty, and with First. It is the duty of the Government to continue the bounty sureties to be approved by the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, condi­ now provided by law. tioned that he will faithfully observe all rrues and regulations that shall be That provides for its continuance until July 1, 1905. It makes prescribed for such manufacture and production or sugar." (26 Stat. at L., 583. ) the necessary appropriation. It provides specifically the method It is to be noticed that the bounty offered by the statute 1s for sugar there­ by which any person can avail himself of its provisions. It is after to be produced, a;u.d to those producers only who shall accept the pro­ both in the forum of fair dealing and law, in effect, a contract. visions of the act and comply with its terms as to taking out a license, giv­ ing bond in penalty, etc. In our opinion, the bounty so called in the statute President Cleveland, in his message on the Hawaiian question is not a pure gratuity or donation by the Government. but was intended, and sent to this House only a short month ago, used this language: is, in fact, a standing offer or reward and compensation to sugar producers to encourage and stimulate them in the otherwise losing business of pro­ The law of nations is founded upon reason and justice, and the rules or ducing sugar in the United States. It was intended, and is in fact. a guar­ conduct governing individual relations between citizens or subjects of a civ­ antee of reimbursement to sugar producers accepting the terms of the stat­ ilized st-ate are equally applicable as between enlightened nations. The con­ ute of part, at least, of the cost of production. When a producer of sugar siderations that international law is without a court for its enforcement. and accepts the offer and complies with the statute, it would seem to be as much that obedience to its commands practically depends upon good faith, instead a contract as is possible for any citizen to make with the Government. All of upon the mandate of a superior tribunal, only give additional sanction the elements of a contract are present, the terms, the conditions, and the to the law itself and brand any deliberate infraction of it not merely as a lawful object. · wrong, but as a disgrace. A man of true honor protects the unwrit ten word It is true that the Government can repeal the statute and refuse to pay the which binds his conscience more scrupulously, if possible, than he does the boun.ty earned upon sugar that has been produced under the proiiDse and bond a breach of which subjects him tu legal liabilities; and the United States within the statute, but so could the Government do with an admitted con­ in aimin,., to maintain itseH as one of the most enlightened of n ations would tract for any public work. The appellant contended in the circuit court, as do its citizens gross injustice if it applied to its international relations any in this court, that the bounty offered by the Government of the United States - other than a high standard of honor and morality. On that ground the was a pure gratuity without consideration. revocable at pleasure, and until United States can not properly be put in the position or countenancing a payment of· the same is actually made, is not property, but only a hope that _ wrong after its commission any more than in that of consenting to it in ad­ may or may not be realized. '!'he judge of the circuit court in a _very clear >ance. and well-reasoned opinion discussed the case on this line, and citing Wil­ liams11s. Hea.rd, 140 u.S., 551, held that sugar bounty earned was property. That these sentiments are correct and creditable will hardly In the cases or Comegys 118. Vasse, 1 Peters, 183, and in Williams vs. Heard, supra. it was held that equitable claims against our own and foreign gov­ be questioned. They have met with general approval on both ernments not arising under any statute and not allowed at the date of bank· sides of the House. ruptcy were expectancies coupled with an interest, and as such were prop­ I quote them only to· reenforce the suggestion that a principle erty rights that passed under assignment in bankruptey under both the bankrupt laws of 1800 and 1867. so strangely and strenuously invoked in beh'llf of a foreign The claim of David R. Calder, who accepted the terms of the act for the Queen, disreputable both in public and private life, be not with­ year 1891 for sugar produced during that year, is a claim arising under a held when dealing with nations with whom we have treaty rela­ contract, a just claim. and one that the Government can not avoid other­ wise than by repudiation. It is more than a possibility coupled with an in· tions, and our own people who have taken the Government at its terest, it is an actuality; a vested interest (see People ex rel East Saginaw word and invested millions in a useful industry. This bill an­ ... alt Company 118. Board or State Auditors, 9 Mich., 327), and a right for nuls our reciprocity treaties, without even consulting the other which there is a remedy under existing statutes of the United States. The statute offering the bounty makes a standing appropriatiun to pay it, and it contracting parties. It takes from our own people the induce­ is the duty of the Treasury offici:tls to warrant for it; and if there is a dis· ment which alone led them to engage in an otherwise losing pute as to facts or amounts, the Court of Claims h~s jurisdiction. See •• An venture. act to provide for bringing suits against the Government of the United We have no 'moral right to do this. I greatly question our States." (2L3tat. atL., 505.) legal right to abrogate this law, running as it does for a specific The decisions so frequently cited here by the majority are time and for which the appropriation has already been made. each bJ.sed on provisions of State constitutions and have no ap- · . It is more than a mere bounty or gratuity; it confers a vested plication whatever to the question at issue. right. _ No provision of the Federal Constitution prohibits it, while The right of Congress to co~ fer bounties can not be successfully the practice of one hundred years must be deemed in the mind questioned. We have carried the power even to the length of of every reasonable person sufficient as precedent. making appropriations to aid destitute foreigners and cities Second. It is to our financial interest to continue the bounty. laboring under severe calamities. With a population numbering only one - twenty - fif~h thatQf the We did this in 1794, in the case of the Santo Domingo refugees, world, we consume 30 per cent of the world's product of sugar. and the citizens of Venezuela who suffered from earthquake in In 1880 we consumed nearly 1,000,000 tons, or 42.7 pounds per 1812. capita, and in 1891 nearly 2,000,000 tons, or 66.2 pounds per cap­ An illustration equally forcible, but of a domestic character, is ita. At 5 cents per pound this amounts to $3.31 per c·apitac o,.­ in the bounty given the cod fishers, which though strenuously $16.55 !or ~ach family of five persons. XXVI-76

/ CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. JANU~Y 22,

Cost of sugar and molasses imported. 000,000 worth; of beef, hog, an.d dairy products; $139,000,000 worth; of raw cotton, $290,000,000 worth. Our total exports Year. Sugar. Molasses. Price. amounted to $872,000,000. Our entire silver output in 1891 was ______$75,417,000 Pounds. Gallons. Our entire gold output in 1891 was______33,175,000 185L ______---- _..... ·---' --- ~ ------38U, 400, 000 36,376,000 $17,500,000 34,!)00,000 1861 ____ ------~------809, 700, ()()() 29,941,000 Total of gold and silver------~------108,592,000 1871 ____ ------1,2'T7,400,000 4-!,401,000 74.,800,000 1881 .------1, 94-!i, 745,000 28,703,000 93,400,000 I desire here to make as part of my remarks the portion of the 1891 ____ ------3, 483, 477, 000 20,601,000 108,400,000 Statistical Abstract for 1892, giving the amounts and price of coal marketed in this country, and also the quantity and value of minerals produced in the United States: • The above computation is based upon foreign prices. Our AMOUNTS MA.B.KETE.D. people buy at home, retail prices. Computin~ the import of 1891 at 5 cents per pound and we have $174,173,850 as the real Anthracite coaL Bituminous coal. cost to the people. . Year. Year. This amount exceeds the pensions paid for the same year by Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value. more than $20,000,000, is nearly eight times more ~ tb:an the interest on our national debt, and nearly one-half as much as its Tons. Ton-B. principal. Comp:1re these· figures with our exports of leading 35, 863, 230 lro3, 463, 572 1889 ••••.• : ••• 65,723,110 $72, 873, 784 111:.90880 ------··j------· -- 35,617,04-2 58, M5, 8M 1890______78,011,22! 811, 498, 84.5 products. 1~1 ______41, 3i>2r499 73, OH, 735 1891...... ---· 82,692,623 re,ooo,rus In 1891 we exported of wheat, $106,000,000 worth; of corn, $17,-

Quantities and values of minerals p-roduced. in the United Btaies during the calendar yea7'S from 18S1 to 1891, incl!tBive. [Prepared by the United States Geological Survey.]

1889 1890. 1891. Product. """ ·a METALLIC. ~-Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value. IQuantity. Value. jQuantity. Value. Quantity. Value.

Pig iron, value a.t Philadelphla ... long tons b. 6, 417, HS"$121, 800, 6, 489, 7, 603, $120,000, 9, 202,7.03$161,200,410 8, 279, 337,985 Silver coiningvaluec ______.troy ounces. 41,269, 240; 53,350,00092~, 45,783,63°738 $l01,0WW,195. ~, cr00~;o~~ 51 , 351,8.'51642~ 1 66,396,988OC. ~ 54,500,000 70,461,045 58,300,000870~!128, 75,416 5ffi Gold, coining >alue d ______-~ ______do .. ---· 1.500, 500m 33,000,000, 1, 60t, 92'i 33, 175, ()'JO 1, 590, 8U9j 32,886,74 1, h88, 880 32, 84.5, 000 1, 604,84 33,175:000 CoiJper, e value at New York City ___ pounds .. 185,227,331 ~1, 115, !H6l231, 270, ~ 33,833,954231,246, 2!4 26,007,8091265,115, 1~ 30,848, 979'295,810, 076 38,455,300 Lea;d,valneatNewYorkCity____ shorttons.. 160,7 14,463,000 180,5:>5 15,02i,9511 182,9G7 16,137,689~ill 161,754 14,286,703 202,406 17,600,3:!"2 Zinc,valueat·NewYorkCity ______do _____ 50,3401 4,783,300j ?5,9Q3 5,500;85.? ~ , 800 5,i91,82. 63,683 6,266,407 80,3~7 8,033,700 Quicksilver,vaJ.ueatSanFranclsco.fl.asksf__ ~.. 825 1,~,000) .13,250 1,413,125 2o,484 1,190, · 22,9~6 1,203,.615 22,90! 1,036,386 Nickel, g.value at Philadelphia ______poun.ds__ 205,5e6 133,2001 204,328 127,632 2ff.l,663 151,598 223,488 1(34,,093 118,498 71,099 ~uminum, value-atPittsburg ______do _____ 18,.000 fl9,000 19,000 w,a h 47,458 g'7,335 h 61,281 61,281 h 100,000 10Q,OOO 1 ~l:~ji(t~~~·~~~~tf•Act~~S~=: ------~ .. · i5,000-- .. __ iii>------;,;1 ... __ ....ii5 -- --·28;000 __ .. __ ·;;o,--·---w;iM ""·~ ~;~ ------troyouu.ces.. 1,838 500 2,000 500 2,000 600 2,500 100 50

NONMETALLIC (SPOT VALUES t). - Bituminous coalj ______long tollS_. 78,470,857 98,00i,656 91 ,106,998 101,860,529 85,333,059 94,346,809 99,392,871 110,420,801105,268,962 117,188,400 Pennsylvaniaanthracit-e ______do .... 37,578,747 84,55~ , 181 41,624,611 89,026,483 40,714,721 65,879,514 41,489,858 66,3&3,772 45,236,992 73,944,735 Building stone- . ... ------·--····------25,000,~0 ------25,500,000------k42,809,706 ------47,000,000------47,29i,746

a· The results for 1889, with the exception.tor lime·, cement salt, zinc white, f Of 'i6t avoirdupois pounds net. borax, bromine, slate ground as a pigment, and rutile, were-obtained through g Including nickel in copper-nickel alloy, and in exported ore and matte. the· Eleventh United ~tate;; Census. /1, Includin~ aluminum alloys. b ''Long" tons are tons of 2,240avoirdupoispounds· short tons are tons of i By "spot" value is meant value at the point•,of production. 2,000 :woirdupois pounds. j Including brown coal and lignite, and anthracite mined elsewhere than c St. 2B29 pe-n troy ounce. in Pennsylvania. · d$20.0718 per troy ounce. kNot including. lime in bn.rrels.limeslioue for. iron. flux, or. grindstones. 6 Including copper made from imported pyrites_ except in 1881, for whlch no returns are available for matte. ·

.A comp:n-ison of these figures with the yearly expenditure of The b~st proof that we can successfully produce the plant, is our people for sugar is startlingly suggestive. the fact that we are to-day, in a. half dozen States of our Union, Let us now examine the world'.s production. doing so. . Hera is a list of nearly 60 farmers in my State who are doing Year. Cane 8 ugar I Beet so profitnbly, as the figures show: ~~------~------~------! · ,__ s_u_g_a_r_. _ ..~.Yu,mber of aeres of sugar beets plan tea ar.4 tile a1! erage amount per aere. 50,000 1840 ______------______------~----tons __ 1,100.000 I od .p 1889- _------__ ------____ ----- ______----- ____ do ___ _ 2, 780;000" 2,~,000 $ § 1893: (estimated) ____ ------____ ... ------____ do ___ _ 2,5oo,ooo I 3,500, OOQ ltl ~C)· 0. ~ cO se It will be observed that iu 1840 beet sugar constituted only 4t Name. Address. ~ t ~ : ~ per cent of the entire supply, while. in 1893 beet sugar had risen ~ ai PI § ~~ to 5 per cent, and in quantity tihe production of beet sugal.' had g k § § S 1i;l PI increased seventyfoldsince1840,andnowexceedsby1,(}00,000tons o .< 8 8 >C!l ~ the production of cane sugar. ---1------.,.------~-----~------!1------The increase oi beet~sug ar production. in the United States 83' A. Shafer ______R~Gloud____ 8154.1 19. 3 $770. 721$96. 34 has been still more remarkable. We produced.in- 39 JohnHa.nsjosten ______Grand Island. 3 57.5 19. 1 287. 41 95. 80 Tons. Tons. 15 C. Stoltenbenberg ______do______2 31.! 15. 5 155. 32 77. 66 2, 44- J. Cla11Sen ______.. ______do-.. ______3 45. v 15. 2 22'7. 93 75. 98 1887 ____ ------~------205 189!!------·------1 000 17 Henry Blaise ______do______1 15.1 15. 1 75. 60 75. 60 1891~ .. ••• ------·------5,400 1 1893 (estimated)------·---- 25,0ao 100 J. H. Wagner ____ :______Wolbach______5 74.1 14.8 370.68 74.14 7 *McKinley law went into effect. 40 John 0. Harm ____ ------Grand Island. 2 28.9 1 1 14 1 ltr ~~ ~:~ While the cane-SU2'ar.. industrv.. ' though increased 'largely ' has 2-~1 ConradCarl Schmale L:J.sserr ______do------do______!.:. 27.9· 14.0 139.72 69.86 made much smaller progress. 114 c. H. Meier------____ do______3 41.9 13. 9 509. 41 69. 00 Thesefactsshow the direction in which progress is being made. 90 L. L. Doane ______Scotia______3 41.1 13. 7 205. 58 68. 53 2 4 They show clearly that in the future we must rely mainly on the 3 ~,. Pa.ul Fra~n ------Grand Island. ·. 13.; 135.18 67. 5!1 . 2:>· C. Niebur10 er ------___ do------1 f3 0 13. 65. 04- 65. 04: b eet for our sugar supply. 21 M. Kroeger ______do ______3 39.0 13. 0 194. 93 64-. 98 The nett practical question is, can we successfully raise beets 53 FredRoby ______do______r 386.. 6 12. 9 192. 87 6!. 29 42 11 4 12. 31. 82 63. 64 in this country? If we can it mav""- be wise tu encourage its 1r 109 CaTlDl:ekmann...N. Hei?J.tZ l------______....___ _dodo______2 24.4 12. 121.79 60. 90 growth. · 34 Hy. Friesmann ------____ do...... 1 12.2 12. 2 60. 77 60. 7'7 1894. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ...... ~ HOUSE. 1203

Number of acres of sugar beets planted, etc.-Continued. of a shovel into_a car. Where beets are dumped directly at the door of a • factoty this cost may be materially diminished. otl The price received for the beets was $4 per ton. Itlanng the total pl'ice re~ ceived $50. This deducted from the cost of production shows an apJ>arent E Q I§ u.l o. net loss of $2.28 per acre. When, however, the fact is considered that if the It was, of course, a great source or rep:ret to us that the very acre of beets Q) ai m J. 9.3 186.67 46.67 this can not now be promised as regards the economy a.nd cheapness ot beet 115 Henry Meier------·--- ____ do______1 9.2 9.2 46.20 46.20 production. . 16 HenryJoehnck ______do______5 45.8 9.2 228.91 45.78 Taking all the plats of the experimental station for the season, it is found 3 F.&'l'.Neander ______Aurora ______1 8.6 8.6 43.85 43.85 that t}le mean yield per acre was 15.S tons, which, at $4 per ton, would amount 136 S. S. Abbott______Lincoln ______i 6.3 8.4 31,35 41.80 to $63."0 peracre. The cost of production for the yield of 15.8 tons would 55 Aug. Beberniss ______Grand Island_ 1 8.2 8.3 41.73 41.73 have been no greater than for the yield given, namely, 12.5 tOllS per acre; 29 Conrad Weller _____ ••••. ______do______3 24.8 8.~ 123.00 41.32 that is, $30.28. The cost of harvesting and delivering to the' railroad station 103* B. Spurlock ______York______~ 16.-! 8• .:. 81.93 40.98 would have been greater, namely: for transportation, $1.50 extra, and for bar-· 68 WilliamOsterhold ______Grand Island_ "' 15.~ 7.9 79.67 39.8! vesting and topping, $2.50 extra; making th~ total extra cost for the increased 55 B. Franz Werner------____ do.______1 8.v 8.0 39.80 39.80 yield ~- This, added to the t'>t.28, would make the total cost $50.28, which, 91 B. Meulenbech ______Scotia______4 00.7 7. 7 153.39 38.35 deducted from the price of the beets, ~.20, would leave a net profit peracre l:W Carl Daberkow~------· Grand Island_ 2 15.3 7.6 76.48 38.24 for the whole station of $6.92. To avoid any misconception on the part of 38 AugustHamann ______do_.______2 15.0 7.5 74.90 37.45 the reader, let it be said that this does not, of course, l'epresent ths actual 37 CayEweldt______do______2 H.8 7.4 74.24 37.12 cost of the small plats which were grown upon the station:, which was Vffl'Y 128 John Mehl.. ______~ --·--·-·· SchUyler______2 14.6 1.3 73.01 36.50 much greater than the amount mentioned above. The illustration is given 26 Karl Ro~ enkatter ______Gra-nd Island_ 2 13.7 6. 9 68.59 34.30 only to show what tl1e fin:mcial result would have been had the whole sta­ 125 William Wilhelmi .. ______Chapman_____ 1 6.7 6.! 33.66 33.66 tion been cultivated for factory purposes as the 1 acre was. A profit of$5.92 57* HermanSchmale ______Grand Island_ ~ 13.. ~ 6.u 66.91 33.46 would be at the rate of nearly 20 per cent on a valuation ot the land at $40 t>i*l Henry Obermeier ______do______,... 13 .v 6.5 64.76 32.38 per acre. This is certainly a profit which would be satisfactory romos.t 64* WilliamHolling_., _____ • ___ •... do~--~~- .. -- 3 19.8 6.6 96.47 32.16 persons. 30* HenryVoss. ______do______1 6.3 6.3 31.25 31.25 It is seen, however, from the a.bover how rapidly the-J)rofits of a-farmer 129 State Industrial SchooL ____ Kearney------18!110.8 6.l! 554.09 30.78 will diminish if he allows the yield per acre to fa.ll befow 15 tons. On. ~>he contrary, it must be granted that when the yield does fall below 15 ~ns it is due to lack of ca1·e and experience 1n culture, and thus the a.ctuaJ cost of production is diminished to avoid expense. Nevertheless, 1t seems certain When an acre can be made to yield $96.34 it is folly to say the t-hat farmers who conduct;. the cuJ.tm·e oHheir beet fields in such a. way as. to plant can not be raised with profit. - secure only 5 or 6 t-ons per a.cre must necessarily operate at a loss. Prof. Wile~, chief of the division of chemistry, who is a recog­ In regard to the price obtained, it may be well to say that t.he beets not nized author1ty and has given this question much consideration used tor mothers were sold to the beet-sugar :tacto:ry at Grand Island, where t-he price pa.id for beets is $4 per ton fo1· beets polarizing from 12 to 15 per and research, in his-r~port recently made, says~ cent. The beets delivered by us to the fac~ry polarized nearly 15 per cent. and so were very little inferior to those which would have fetched U.3:> pe-1· COST 0~ THE PRODUCTION OF ONE ACRE OF BEETS. ton. · In the data whlch follow is given the total expense of the production of a. On the whole. the culture experiments for the season must be regarded as single measured acre of beets, in which an accurate account of every ex­ quite 5atisfactory when all the adverse circumst-ances are- taken into con­ pense attendant upon th~ planting, culture, harvesting, and delivering of sideration. The dat& given at least represent with absolute accuracy the the beets was kept. The result, whiie not particularly encouraging, must operations which were peTformed and are tharefol'e extremely valuable to be interpreted in the ~ht of tha fact that it is not possible to J)roduce a sin­ the fa.nner and the manufacturer as a basiS for estimating the probable cost gle acre of any crop w1t11 as much economy as a larger area could be pro­ and pr ofit or loss of engaging in bee"'sugar culture. The full data of the cul­ duced proportionately. Further than this, attention must be called to the ture experiments were published in Bulletin 36 ot the Division of Chemistry fact that no preparation had been made at the station tor harvesting the which was issued in March, 1893. _ beets by mea-ns of a. mechanical lifter. Inasmuch as the rest of the work was done on small plats and had to be done carrefully by ·hand, no provision It will be seen thes-e figures are based on a confessedly too lar-ge had been made for harvestin"' after the manner employed in large fields. estimate for expenses, and only $4.50 per ton to the producer, The cost of harvesting, therefore, as given in the itemized account, is fully c:louble what it would be in ordinary beet culture. The itemized cost of the while in fact in my State t~e factories pay $5 per to-n. production of one acre of beets is as follows: The result with $5 paid for beets is much more satisfactory. 18i}l, . - That sum can be paid only if the present bounty is retained. Oct. !· Light plo~gof ground __ ------·-·--...... ____ -·-· ______$1.68 No man in his senses wilLfor a moment claim that any market 8~t ~: R:~~~Jin~1 ~~~~-:: ~~~=~~~~ =~=~ :::~:::: =~== ~~== ~=~~ ~=== ~:~ can be furnished if the bounty is bken away or materially re­ 1892. duced. April 28. Disk harrowing Of tttottnd ______.38 The present Secretary of Agriculture, Mr. Morton, gives his April 29. TWice harrowing, at 17 cents_ ..• ··-·------··--...... ___ _ .34 official approval to the Wiley report,. and puts the sensible in­ April 30. Rolling _____ ---·-· -·-··--·----·------··------.17 April 30. Cost of seed (17 pounds, at15 cents)···------____ ·- 2.55 quiry, Should we not produce in this country the products which .52 experience has demonstrated we can as well raise- here? .17 !~~H ~: ~~~;::t:'ieiiili~~=:~~==:: :::::::::::: :::~ :::::::::::: ==== :::: Demo_cratic testi~onials ought to Rass current here, even upon June 2. Horse hoeing---··-----·- ____ ···----·---·---· ____ --·-----.. ··-· .62 June 8-10. Thinning out (65 holll'8, at 12! cents per hour)·--. ______-··- 8.12 the subJectof bounties. Let me submU two more. In my State 17. (50 6.2.') June Hoeing bY hand hours, at J2t cents)------···------the metropolitan1 simon-pure Democratic daily, the Omaha .Tnne 21. Horse hoeing ____ ··-··-·--·-··--··-·------···--·--·· •... -- .62 World-Herald, wnose political orthodoxy my Democratic col­ June ZT. Horse hoeing-·-··-·------····--··------·------···---·-----· .62 · J'une 30. Horse hoeing ______---- ______------···---.• .62 league [Mr. BRYAN} will certainly '\touch for, in its issue oi Jan· July 7. Soiling up the beets (29 hours, at 12! cents per hour) ______3. 62 uary 22, 1893, contained the following editorial: (Democratic), Total cost of production_ .. _------·-···-·····--····-·----· ..•. -··· 30.28 [From Omaha World-Rera.ld January~. 18$3.] Harvest~ by hand _____ -·-- ____ .. __ J••··--- ·------~------· ··-· ·------·- 13.50 CAPITAL READY TO COME. Transportmg 12} tons beets 3 miles, at 50 cents per ton --·· -··-·-·- -··- 6. 00 Those a1~e wise and s~cant words written by H. W. Wiley, the chemist Rent or iand, at $2.50 per acre ·--- ··-· ------··· ______---- ______--·- 2. 50 of the A~Icll:ltura.l Department, to Secretary Rusk, Wherein he says; "If capitalists could be assured that the present fiscal policy ol th-e Gov­ Total cost of planting, cultivating, harvesting, and delivering to ernment in relation to sugar would be continued, there are many milllans factory one acre of beets·------·--··------·---·--·------52.28 of do~a-rs which would at once be invested fn the manufacture of beet sugar; In so far as the actual cost of the production of the beets is concerned, the but With the uncertainty of Congressional act.ion which now exists, it is tigure given above, or ~52.28, may be taken as the maximum cost of the pro­ doubtful whether a single new factory will be built during the coming sea­ duction of one acre of beets by the most careful and approved methods. son." There is, of course, no doubtof the fact that in field cultm·e where such great Theuotorious bad faith of the State of Nebraska. in taking oft the sugar care is not exercised the cost may be materially diminished. As has already bounty as soon as hundreds of thousands of capital had been invested in been mentioned, this is especially the case with the item of-harvesting, from sugar-beet plants in the State, has deterred greatlytheingres. of capital and which at least one-half may be deducted as indicated above. Nevertheless practically kept the farmers for two years out of a profitable business. The the actual figures are given just as the expense account was paid at the bounty is denounced as unfair, unconstttuttonal, or what not. station. Included, ot course, in the cost of harvesting is the cost of topping Let that be as it may, it was granted fairly by a legally elected Legisla­ the beets, which might not be inferred simp-ly from the item as given. The ture, and was the means of bringing an immense capital to the State- and c;:ost ot transporting the beets to the distance or 3 miles includes ~he loading providing the farmer with a marke~ foJ: a. new and profitable crop. Since it of the beets int-o the wagon, ha.ultng the distance, and unloading by means performed what it promised, the bo~ty should have been allowed to stand .

1204 CONGRESSIONAL -RECORD--HOUSE. JANUARY 22, -

till perfidy was shown. Capital in larger amounts than have been already invested stands ready to enter the field whenever Congress or the State - I have no sympathy with these gentlemen. If any amend­ shows a. willingness to accord it fair treatment. ment which has been proposed here would benefit the constitu­ Not content with that magnificent indorsement, it reproduces ency. of the gentleman from Medicine Lodge, I would be very with favorable comment an article appearing in the Chicago much pleased to vote for it. If any amendment seeks to benefit Record which contained a report of a speech made by Dr. George the constituency of the gentleman from Louisiana, I would be pleased to vote for that, for I am so constituted that any meas· L. ~iiller, "the most eminent Democrat in Nebraska," and whose high oharacter and good judgment is a matter of just pride to ure which benefits any American industry commands my un­ all Nebraskans, regardless of party: qualified support. [Applause.] [World-Herald (Democratic).] I am surprised that any gentleman should hesitate for one moment to vote the protection needed. You ought not to hesi­ :NEBRASKA'S GROWING INDUSTRY. ta.te. You ought to stand for everything thatisAmerican. Do While corn is kin~ in Nebraska, indications point strongly to the fact that the sugar beet will m time contest with corn this royal distinction. That that and you will cease to be dependent upon foreign countries. the climate and soil of Nebra. ka are peculiarly adapted to the raising of Now, Mr. Chairman, in the few moments which have been sugar beets has been abundantly demonstrated and this industry as now de­ given me, I can not pos ibly hope to cover any considerable por­ veloped in the State proves the sugar beet to be the most profitable of all crops. More sugar factories are needed, and when thjt farmers indicate a tion of the ground which should be traversed. I know that willingness to raise less corn and more beets the factories will come. The gentlemen on the other side are only too anxious to vote down old State bounty should be continued and every encouragement should be this industry. They are not in a temper to listen to the reason extendtld this "infant industry" possible to the end that this most profit­ • able industry may become most firmly established. The following excerpt and the facts in the case . from the Omaha correspondence to the Chicago Record will be found profit­ But, gentlemen, let me tel~ you that two years from now there able reading to all interested in the subject: will be a Congress sitting in this Hall which will listen to the "This section is greatly interested in the new tarlJI law, which the Demo­ crats propose passing, especially as regards the sugar clauses. The bounty voice of the people ana protect their industries. [Applause on on sugar given to the producers of the sugar beet has t-remendously stimu­ the Republican side.] You spit upon the industries of the North lated the sugar-beet industry in this State. Tne Oxnard Bros. have at Nor­ and West to-day, but the people whom you so insult will in turn folk great sugar factories, and that city, and indeed the whole State, has prospered remarkably because of that new t>nterprise. The State Legisl a.­ administer a fitting rebuke to you. Do your worst now, but the ture of 1889 passed a. bill giVing these farmers a bounty, but it was repealed day of reckoning is at hand. [Applause on the Republican by the Populist Legislature in 1891, partially because of the national aid side.] given by the McKinley law. - Last winter a bill was introduced into the Legislature renewing the old The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Nebraska State bounty. because of the anticipated act of Congress in repealing the [Mr. HAINER] has expired. bounty provision of the McKinley law. But the Democrats united with the .Mr. BRYAN. I ask that my colleague be allowed to proeeed Populists in defeating it. The bounty project now has a new friend in an unexpected quarter. Dr. George L. Miller, the most eminent Democrat in for two or three minutes. Nebraska and a man of great ability and prominence, is that new friend. Mr. HAINER of Nebraska. I underst9.nd that the time is Recently a fine, new hotel was built at Norfolk and the formal opening taken up and I will simply extend my remarks. bas just occurred. Dr. Miller made one of the speeches on that occasion and was charmed with the prosperity of that section. On his return he said: .Mr. BOATNER. Mr. Chairman, one would hardly have sup­ "It requires only a Tide through the garden of the Elkhorn Valley to show posed from the remarks of the distinguished gentleman from the measure or drivel in circulation in regard to hard times. The st.ories Nebraska [Mr. BRYAN], delivered a few moments a.go, that he peddled out about starVing Nebraska are almost grotesque. It is a picture of delight that is unfolded all the way through Northern Nebraska and the was a member of the Committee on Ways and .Means which re· wondrous powers of these soils are bounteously witnessed. ported the pending bill to the House, because the rema;rks v.~ich "I was much taken with the sugar-beet enterprise at Norfolk," the doctor he has just addressed to the House are directly inconsistent with resumed in an emphatic manner, "and I sea in it the key to the future of Nebraska. farming. The Nebra·ska soil is peculiarly adapt-ed to the growth the report which he joined in submitting to this body. That re- of beets full of saccharine matter, and the profits of the raising are very -port says that- · great. One small farmer on a patch of 10 acres can do better by raising 'l'he American people, after the fullest and most thorough debate ever beets than the man with tenfold larger area who puts in corn. The only given by any people to their fiscal policy, have deliberately and rightly de· question is of labor. It ts true that it is hard to get weeders and workers, ctded that the existing tari!! is wrong in principle and grievously unjust in but that feature will adapt itself in time. operation. Theyhavedecided as free men must always decide, that the power The sugar people are strong in the'ir claims that they must have the con­ of taxation has no lawful or constitutional exercise except !or providing tinuance of the bounty to keep up. That may be t-rue. I do not know, but revenue for the support of Government. · - free trader as I am, I am quit-e in favor or such direct and fair assistance as may be necessary to maintain an institution promising so much as this. It And yet, in the face of this declaration, he asks this House to is honest for a State to set aside a fund for the encouragement of beneficial countenance and give its support to a provision of this bill pro­ enterprises, and that does not partake of the stealthy and covert nature of viding directly for a bounty, in order that the House may have ta.rtifassistance, which while claiming to do one thing really levies a tribute without being fair enough to say so. I have an idea that it would be quit9 an excuse to resort to another form of taxation, unknown in the ta.ir for the State to help by bounty, although I hate the word, it it is certain Democratic platform, unheard of in the Democratic campaign, that the help is necessary to the continued operation o1 the sugar-beet fac­ and advocated by nobody in the Democratic party antecedent to tories. Certainly the Norfolk industry has done wonders for the town and that entire section. It seemed to me like a miracle. the election. In order, sir, that he may ~ave ah excuse, and It would kill the Democratic party 1n this State if that bounty should be that this House_may be driven to the adoption of an income tax, repealed by the Congres !'I he asks the House to violate a principle which the party itself In addition, letters by the wholesale from reputable Nebr~s­ lays down in the report of this committee. The committee pro­ kan farmers are on my desk testifying to the high regard they ceeds to say: entertain for this industry. 'rhe bill on which the committee has expended much patient and anxious I will be pleased to show samples to any doubting Thomas labor is not offered as a complete response to the mandate of the American people. It no more professes to be purged of all protection than t.o be free who yet makes a question whether or not we can in fact raise of all error in its complex and mamfold details. beets. And yet, sir, they send to the House a bill containing confess­ These farmers know that the industry is one of the best and edly protective features. The gentleman from Nebraska repu­ most profitable upon which they can enter. diates the idea that we may lawfully afford incidental protection They know this law has ruready brough tand will bring capital in to any American industry by the imposition of a revenue duty. their midst, that itwilldiversifyindustry, give labor to many who do not find it elsewhere-children, the aged, women who prefer Sir, the gentleman ignored the fact that in this very report light outdoor to heavy · door work-persons who have no capi­ the committee gives its indorsement to this principle by quoting tal and can not purchase the ordinary equipment of the farmer from the remarks of the late Senator Beck: In adjusting taxation on imports With a. view only to obtain revenue or and relies on the labor of his hands. In the present develop­ for revenue only, we never thought of discriminating against American in· ment of the business of the country sugar made from beets costs dustries, or of depriVing them of the incidental bene.tits or protection a. not less than 6 cents per pound, and as it sells for only a trifle proper revenue tarlJI would afford. over 4 cents at wholesale, it is evident the industry must have That is quoted from a speech of the lat-e Senator Beck, ol}e of prorection or die. the ablest Democrats who ever served his party in this genera­ When our people, averse as all people are to engage in new tion. That quotation is merely repeating the acknowledged doc­ ventures, shall have had the requisite experience, why may we trine of the Democratic party for the last fifty years, a doctrine not supply our own wants. France, Germany, Austria, neither to which the Democratic p:1rty is as thoroughly committed and · of them possessing n:ttural advantages over us, had the good pledged as it can be to any principle whatever. sense to protect and develop this industry and now furnish our Now, sir, I speak here in behalf of a revenue duty upon sugar supply at a good profit to them. which will afford an incidental protection, a revenue duty which Why not produce this ourselves? Why not learn even from shall be confined to the needs and necessities of the Govern· these people a useful lesson? ment. And, sir, in asking that I am only asking that tbe Dem· Mr. Chairman, this House seems to be in a somewhat strange ocratic party carry out its pledges to the people of the St!Lte o1 temper. An interested observer from the galleries would nat­ Louisiana. · urally conclude that it is only necessary to suggest that a cer­ Is it to bs supposed, sir, that the people of the State of Louisi­ tain mea-sure would be beneficial to anypartof the United States ana in 1884 would have cast the electoral vote of that State for for it to receive the unanimous opposition of gentlemen who evi­ Grover Cleveland if they had been confronted with. the certainty dently were sent here to misrepresent the country. that the great industry of that State was to be put upon the free .. 1894. - CONGRESSIONAL ~ RECORD-~ HOUSE. 1205

list? Is it to be supposed that the people of that State would practical, and at the same time shall not bring sudden distress have voted for the Democratic party in the last contest if they upon this industry as comp:tred with other industries dealt with had been told~ as the gentleman from Nebraska [Mr. BRYAN] in the bill. Our proposition is not to grant but to repeal. now tells them: that the Democratic party will reverse its en­ Throwing aside all disguise of language, there is as genuine a tire policy and its declared principles for fifty years, and will bounty in the woolen schedule, there is as true a bounty in the destroy the leading industry of the State of Louisiana by de­ cotton schedule, there is as true a bounty in the iron and steel priving it of the incidental protection of a revenue duty? schedule as there is in the sugar schedule. The one is hidden I say, sir, it is not reasonable to expect that the State would in an indirect law; the other stands in the open.where it is seen have supported the ticket, and it would not have done so . . and recognized of all men. And so, sir, we have tried to deal The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Louisi- with this sugar question in the same spirit of conservatism in ana [Mr. BOATNER] has expired. · which we have dealt with the other schedules of the ta"riff. Mr. SIMPSON. I ·hope the gentleman's time may be ex­ Mr. Chairman, there is one point of this discussion which, so tended. far as I have listened to it, has not yet been presented to this ·The CHAIRMAN. There is no time to extend. committee. The taxpayers of this country last year paid in Mr. PAYNB. Mr. Chairman, I o:ppose the restoration of the bounty to the sugar:growers $9,375,000, the product of hxes taken duty upon sugar, because it is puttmg a tax upon every man's from the people. We have reduced in this bill the duty on re­ breakfast table of at leas~ a dollar a year for each person who fined sugar 50 per cent. We have cut the duty on refined sugar sits down to that table. We took the duty off in 1890 andre­ from one-half a cent a pound to a quarter of a cent a pound. duced the price of sugar, because we produced but 10 per cent of That reduction saves to the people in the purchase of their the sugar we used and imported 90 per cent, and I hope that sugar from eight to nine million dollars a year. So that, while fact will get to the understanding sometime of my friend from heretofore the $9,000,000 used for payment of bounties to the Kansas (Mr. SIMPSON]. ' sugar-growers came from taxes for which there was no compen­ A vote for the restoration of a duty on sugar !a a vote of $5,- sation, we have provided in this sugar schedule a sufficient re­ 000,000 a year to the gentlemen who own the sugar plantations duction of taxes on the sugar consumers of this country to pay in the Hawaiian Islands; it is a vote of $10,000,00U a year to those the bounty, and to more than pay the bounty as it goes down who own the sugar plantations in Loui:dana and other planta­ tbrougn its successive grades. · tions in the South and West; and therefore I am opposed to vot­ In other words, this sugar schedule is a standoff and costs the ing that tariff upon sugar. I am opposed to the scheme con­ people of this country nothing as compared with the $9,000,000 tained in the present bill of the majority" of the Committee on that it cost the people directly the past year. Now, it was in Ways and Means, because it is simply voting a gratuity to the evidence before the Committee on Ways and Means that large producers of sugar without any prospect of a pul?lic benefit. No amounts of money had been invested in the last two or three .. man is sanguine enough to hope, or dare express the hope, that years under the provisions of the McKinley law, that great mills the effect of this pounty in this bill will benefit the sugar in­ had been established in the sugar-producing region; and, recog­ dustry or establish it upon a permanent basis. On the other nizing this, we have reported a provision that not a single mem­ hand it will destroy the industry, and that very quickly and ber' of the committee originally approved of! that not a single simply. The people of the United States are called upon to ex­ member of the committee would not at once and, as he supposed, pend $35,000,000 for a class comprising a few individuals, a small decisively have rejected in the outset, but which, after trying class-legislation for a few people in the United States. all possible modes of settling this matter by a compromise seemed I am in favor of keeping in operation the presentlaw, notonly to be the only solution to which eleven men of divergent views because it has been held out to the people who would produce could come in getting rid of this legacy bequeathed to us by the this sugar that they would have this bounty, but because by a vicious legislation of gentlemen on the other side. [Applause similar bounty Germany and France were able to build up the on the Democratic side.l beet-sugar industry, and that we shall be able under it to build The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from -West up that industry in a few years sufficiently to supply the whole Virginia has expired. The hour has arrived fixed by the com­ consumption of our own country. [Applause on the Republican mitt~ e for taking the vote upon the pending amendments. The side.] Chair will state the parliamentary situation. The Chair thinks Mr. WILSON of West Virginia. Mr. Chairman, the sharp that the amendments ought to be first submitted which are ap­ diversity of opinion that has developed in this debate is but a plicable to paragraph 180, and then those which are applicable repetition of the difficulties through which the Committee on to paragraph 181. The gentleman from Arkansas [Mr. McRAE] Ways and Means have had to move in reaching the conclusion bas offered an amendment to paragraph 180, which the Clerk presented in their bill. The sugar bounty · wa..~ an unfortunate will now report. legacy bequeathed to us by the false economic legislation of the The Clerk read as follows: Fifty-first Congress. Those who believe that the taxes which Strike out para.graph 180, on page 28, Schedule E, and insert the following: the people pay ought to go into the people'sTreasuryto be used "That so much of the act entitled 'An act to reduce revenue, equalize du­ for the support of the people's Government would have been very ties, and for other purposes, approved October 1, 18:X>,' as provides for and authorizes the issue of licenses to produce sugar. and for the payment of unwilling to remove entirely the taxes from so distinctly a rev­ bounty to the producers of sugar from beets, sorghum. or sugar cane, grown enue subject as raw sugar;_ but those who believe ~ that the chief by the United States, or from maple sap produced within the United States, end of tariff taxes is to take money from the pockets of one citi­ be, and the same hereby is, repealed to take efrect July 1, 1894; and thereafter it shall be unlawful to issae any licensa to produce sugar or to pay any zen and to put it in the pocket of another citizen were quick to bounty for the production of sugar of any kind under the said a<:t." seize upon the sugar tariff as one to be swept from the laws of the land. The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Nebraska [Mr. MEI­ H aving put raw sugar upon the free list, they naturally, in KLEJOHN] oifers as an amendment the provision con t::tined in the keeping with their ideas, realized that they would have to put existing law known as the McKinley act. That amendment is in a specific appropriation or bountyfortbe benefit of the sugar­ long, and, having been read and being as familiar to the gentle­ growers. The eleven men who framed this bill, and presented men as the present law, it will not be read again unless by re­ it to their colleagues in this House had as divergent views, and quest. The gentleman from Ohio (Mr. HA.RTER] then offers a views as sharply and stoutly divergent as any eleven men upon substitute for the amendment of the gentleman from Arkansas, this floor. They would have been glad, if they could have done which the Clerk will report. so, to unite upon some sugar tariff that would meet the approval 'fhe Clerk read the amendment of Mr. HARTER, printed :;Jbove. of ~ all their Democratic colleagues. Unable to do that, each Mr. McRAE. Ml'.Chairman, I reserved apointoforderagainst dealing with the question from his own particular point of view, that amendment of the gentleman from Ohio upon the ground each stoutly contending for his own convictions, firm in his own th1.t it embodies two propositions, one of which is not involved opinion, but all moved by that spirit of compromise which must either in the amendment that I offe14 ed or in the one offered by . actuate men if they are to come to a t~onclusion upon any great the gentleman from Nebraska[Mr. MEIKLEJOHN]. It deals with subject, they found that the single point where they could all the whole sugar schedule, wheraas the p3nding amendment deals come together was the provision of the present bill. only with one paragraph, the one continuing the bounty. The I need not cite from the report of the committee what it says amendment of the gentleman from Ohio [Mr. HARTER], dealing in defense, or rather in justification of that provision. We with the revenue features of the sugar schedule, is not, I sub­ should have greatly preferred-there was not one on the com­ mit, germ ne. mittee who did not ardently desire-to report a bill that should The substitute wo uld be divisible if it had b~en offered as an -- giveanimmediatecoup de g·1·acetothesug-ar bounty; but dealing independent proposition. The Ho:1se would be entitled to vote with'this schedule in the same spirit of conservatism that we separately on the two propositions whether we shall ha.ve a dealt with other schedules, we found ourselves almost com­ bounty and whether we shall h1.ve a hx on sugar. If, thea, this pelled to report a provision not giving a bounty, as has been ar­ amendment wUl be susce'ptible of diyision if introduced as a gued here, but providing for the rf\peal of the existing bounty separate proposition, it can not be offered as a substitute for the by such·gradual stages as shall relieve the people as soon as amendment I have proposed. , 1206 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE~ JANUARY 22,

Mr. BLANCHARD. Mr. Chairman, does the Chair desire to The CHAIRMAN. ThegentlemanfromMaine[Mr. DINGLEY] hear the other side on this question of order? makes the point of order that the amendment has not been read The CHAIRMAN. The Chair was about to say that inas­ in connection with the taking of this vote and should be read much as all these schedules are open to amendment under the again. The Chair sustains the point of order. rule, the Chair thinks that the 'substitute is in order, and, there· The amendment of Mr. PRICE was again read. fore, overrules the point of order. The gentleman from Iowa The question being taken, the amendment was rejected; there [Mr. GEAR], as the Chair understands, desires to offer an amend­ being-ayes 19, noes 149. ment to the substitute, which will now be read. The CHAIRMAN. The question now recurs on the substi­ The Clerk rea{i as follows: tute. Amend schedule E, page 28,line 8, by striking out the word "five" and Mr. BRECKINRIDGEof Kentucky. I rise to a parliamentary inserting in lieu thereof the word "eight." inttuiry. Under the rule which has been adopted, is it in order The CHAIRMAN. The Chair calls attention to the fact that to move to strike out the two provisos? . this amendment would be liable to the point of order made by The CHAIRMAN. The Chair thinks not. The order of the the gentleman from Arkansas for the reason that though offered House provides for voting upon "all pending amendments," and as an amendlllent to the substitute, it does not deal with the the Chair thinks no further amendments would be !n order, be­ substitute at all. · cause only four amendments can be pending at the same time. Mr. GEAR. I propose to offer this after the vote is taken on Mr. BRECKINRIDGE of Kentucky. In view of the ruling of the amendment of the gentleman from Arkansas. the Chair, I ask unanimous consent to be allowed to submit an The CHAIRMAN. Then the gentleman withdraws 1t for amendment striking from the proposition of the gentleman from present? . Ohio the two provisos, leaving the naked question of the tax Mr. GEAR. I withdraw it temporarily, and will renew it upon sugar. later. •The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman fromKentuckyasksunan­ The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Louisiana [Mr. imous consent to strike from the substitute so much of it as he PRICE] desires to offer an amendment to the substitute; and the has indicated. Is there objection? Clerk will report it. Mr. DINGLEY. ·Let it be reported. Mr. PRICE. The amendment which 1 offer is the provision The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will first read the substitute of the Mills bill on this subject. and then the words proposed to be stricken out by the gentle· Mr. BRECKINRIDGEofKentucky. I desire to submit the par­ man from Kentucky. liamentary inquiry whether the substitute offered by the gentle­ The Clerk proceeded to re:1d the amendment. man from Ohio is divisible, so that there may be a separate vote Mr. McRAE. Mr. Chairman, I object to this if it requires taken on the two provisions which are added, which propose to unanimous consent. _ · · punish the taxpayers a.nd consumers of America for improper The CHAIRMAN. The Chair thinkB the objection of the legi -lation in foreign countries. I desire ths.t we may, if possible, gentleman comes too late. vote separately on the sugar question, which is the first propQsi­ Mr. McRAE. No; it had not been reported. Consent had tion, and afterward on the two retaliatory clauses which are not been given, as I understand it. added in the nature of provi os. The CHAIRMAN. If the gentleman objects, of course the "The CHAIR1\fAN. The motion of the gentleman from Ohio Chair will recognize the objection. - is in effecrt. a motion lo strike out and insert; and under the rule Mr. McRAE. In order to save the time occupied in reading it such a motion is divisible. The Clerk will now report the prop­ if it requires unanimous consent, I do object. osition offered by the geptleman from Louisiana [Mr. PRICE] as Mr. WASHINGTON. I rise to a parliamentary inquiry. an amendment to the substitute. The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman will state it. The Clerk read as follows: Mr. WASHINGTON. If the am~ndment of the gentleman from ArkansaB is voted down, will it then be in order to offer an All sugars not above No. 16 Dutch standard in color shall pay duty on their amendment? polariscopic test as follows, "Viz: All su.,.ar not above No. 13 Dutch sta.ndardincolorshaJI pay duty on their The CHAIRMAN. The Chair thinks that other amendments polatlncopictest as follows. namely: - · can not be offered to this section under the order of the commit­ All sugars not above No. 13 Dutch standard in color, all tank bottoms, tee, which is that the vote shall be taken" upon the section and s~nps of cane juice or of beet juice, melada, concentrated melada, concrete and concentrated molasses, testing by the polariscope not above 70", shall pending amendments" at the end of the time fixed for the discus­ pay a du~y of 1.15 cents per potmd, and for every additional degree or frac­ sion, and but four amendments could be pending as has beenfre· tion of a. degree shown by~e polariscopic t-est they shall pay thirty-two thousandths of a cent per pound additional. quently held in the House. All augars above No. 13 and not above No.16 Dutch standard, 2.20 cents per Mr. BLANCHARD. One moment, Mr. Chairman; that is not pound. the way some of us ~derstood the Chair. All sugar above No. 16 and not above No. 20 Dutch standard, 2.40 cent.s per pound. The CHAIRMAN. The Chair stated it distinctly this morn­ All sugars above number 20 Dutch standard, 2.80 cents per pound. ing when the committee resumed its sitting, and has never an­ Molasses testing not above 1?8° by the polariscope shall pay a duty of 2i cents nounced anything else. per gallon; molasses testing above 56° shall pay a duty of 6 cents per gallon. Mr. BLANCHARD. But if the Chair will permit me­ Provided, That 11 an export duty shall hereafter be laid upon sugar or molasses by any country from whence the same may be imported, such The CHAIRMAN. The Chair will hear the gentleman from sugar or molasses so imported shall be subject to duty as provided by law Louisiana. at the date of the passage of this act. Sugar candy not colored, 5 cents per pofind. Mr. BLANCHARD. My colleague [Mr. PRICE] offered an All other Confectionery, 40 per centum ad valorem. amendment to the substitute of the gentleman from Ohio [M:r. HARTER] since the three-hour discussion ended, and he and my­ The CHAIRMAN. Under the praetice of the House the self, ~t least I certainly, understood from conversations with the question must first be taken on such propositions as look to per­ Chair that after the debate was exhausted amendments could be fecting the text. The gentleman from Arkansas having moved offered to be voted upon, but not debated. an amendment and the gentleman from Nebraska[Mr. MEIKLE­ The CHAIR~N. If the Chair made use o.f such an expres­ JOHN] having moved an amendment to the amendment, the vote sion as that, or gave expression to the remark, it was applicable will now be taken on the proposition of the gentleman from to other items in the sugar schedule and not to ·this paragraph, Nebraska. 180. The Chair has understood the rule all the time to be that Mr. SPRINGER. What is that? only four amendments could be pending to any one section. Several MEMBERS. It is the present law. Mr. BLANCHARD. Does not the Chair recollect that since The question being taken on the amendment of Mr. MEIKLE· the discussion ended the gentleman from Louisi.a.na[Mr. PRICE] JOHN, it was not agreed to· there being, on a division (called for was recognized to offer an amendment to the substitute? by Mr. BURROWS)-ayes 82, noes 158. The CHAIRMAN. That was immediately on the withdrawal The CHAIRMAN. The question now recurs upon the amend­ of the four amendments that had been proposed by the gentle­ ment offered by the gentleman feom Louisiana [Mr. PRICE] to man from Iowa f .1r. GEAR]. the substitute o ered by the gentleman from Ohio. Mr. BLANCHARD. But it was after the discus ion had Mr. WASHINGTON. What is the amendment? ended. Several :MEMBERS. It is the Mills bill. The CH AIR~tiAN. It was before any voting h, d commenced. The CHAIRMAN. The amendment has just been read; but, Mr. BLANCHARD. That is. true, but aft.er the discussion if there be no objection, it will be read again. had ended; and it is just as admis3ible now, I submit to the Mr. SPRINGER. I object. It is simply the provision o.f the Chair, as it was then. old Mills bill. It is very long, and there is no necessity for read­ The CHAIRMAN. Besides, 'there was no point of order ing it again. made. Mr. DINGLEY. I submit the point of order that we are en­ Mr. BLANCHARD. Nor has any been made as yet upon

titled to have the amendment read now, because1 since it was these other amendments. read, a vote has been taken on another question. The CHAffiMAN. Ob;ection bas beon m3.de all along. 1894. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 1207

Mr. BLANCHARD. Not to the introduction of any amend- menta.rily confused. The or der of the committeel however, was ment. stated by the Chairman in the following words: The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Arkansas did. The CH.AIRM.AN. The gentleman from West Virgini~ [Mr. Wn;.soN] asks Mr. BLANCHARD. HB objected to the withdrawal of any unanimo~s consent that on Monday next, immediately after the committee part of Mr. HARTER'S su_bstitute. shall begm its session for the pmpose of considering the pending bill three hours sb,all be given to the consideration of the sugar schedule in t.he bill The CHA1RMAN. But that WQuld be an amendment. The at the expiration of which time the vote shall be taken upon the pendin.; has if Is gentleman objected to its division. The Chair repeatedly amendments thereto, there be any. there objection? 1 "' held that only four amendments could be pending at the same There was no objection, and it was so ordered. · time. Now, to permit other amendments to be .offered would be to [Odes of ''Reg-ular order!"] vote upon amendments that were n~t pending. Mr. BREOKINRIDGE of Kentucky. I r~se to a parliamen- Mr. BRECKINRIDGE of Kentucky. I desire to make the tary inquiry. point which I suggested: which is that the committee can not Do I understand the Chair to decide that it was not in order limit amendment. The committee can limit de-b te, but the lim­ to have a division of the vote on the amendment offered by th~ itation of amendment is only in the power of the House. gentleman from Ohio:> The CHAIRMAN. But the committee did so by unanimous The CJ;IAIRMAN. Except by unanimous consen.t, and that consent, and it is now too late to raise that question. was refused. , Mr. SPRINGER. I will suggest tQmy friend from Kentueky Mr. BRECKINRIDGE of Kentucky. Have we J;J.Ot th-e right [Mr. BRECKINRIDGE] that as soon as we dispose of the pending to ask a division? amendment the proposition will then be open f-or ot)ler amend- The CHAIRMAN. The Chair thinks not. A motion to strike ments. out and insert is not divisible under our rules. Mr. GEAR. Mr. Chairn;tan, I rise to a parliamentary inquiry. Mr. BRECKINRIDGE of Kentucky. I wish to snb:tnit an- The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman will state it. other inquiry, Mr. Chairman. Mr. GEAR. I t3ke it that the l"'uling of the Chair in rega-rd I1 the amendment offered by the gentleman from Ohio is now to the four amendm~nts is c-orrect 1,mder the order, but I want voted up it will be only in the position of having taken the plaee to eall the attention of the Chair to the faet that my amendment of the amendment offered by the gentleman from Arkansai, and was the third amendment offered. I withdrew it temporarily will be opoo. to amendment, will it not? in order that the decks might be cleared so as to have a separat~ The CHAIRbfAN. It would ordinarily be; but the question vote on my amenament. My amendmeTJ.t w~ filed before the in t}le mind of the Chair is whether any further ~mendment can amendment ef the g-entlemen from Louisiana [Mr. PRIG$]. be offered, because the committee has ordered the vote at the The CHAIRMAN. That is-true, but the gentleman withdrew end of three hours' .debate on the paragFaph :Or section and pend- his amendment. jng amendments. Mr. GEAR. I withdrew it temporarily. The gentlemen .¥r. BRECKINRIDGE of Kentucky. But let PJ.e suggest; the around me so. un~erstoo~, that it was withdrawn ten;tporarily. ~ pl}rllamenta.ry shtus is tb.is: Tb.at.there is an amen.dment offerf;)d I therefore, thmk, ln all fa1rness, there sboul-mit this vote until Chair. · the COJ;nrnittee is .r.~ady. · T,he CHAIRMAN. Rule XIX provides that- Mr. GEA'E~ I hpl-Q. th.is.: T:P.at th~ am.endment of the gentle- When a motion or proposition is under consideration, a motk>n 1io a.me~d m~~ from Oh10 [Mr: HARTER Jwa~;J .8Jl _ amendme-n~ to the whole a.nd a motion -to amend that a.mendment shall be in order, and it shall also suo~ect. So was mme, an~ JJJ.Y ~~~dment was germane to the ,be iJl order to offer a further amen,dment by wa~ of substitute, to which one subJect. I st3.ted that l w1thdrew It temporarily. a.mendment may be offered. The CHAIRMAN. The Chair will again.state that the amend- Now, the committee has o-rdered a vote to be taken at the~d men~ of the gent~e~~.Q. from Iowa i-s to amend Schedule E, page .oi three )lours-or foul' hours after the additio.n.al hour was 28, lme 8, by str1kmg out the word "five" and insertino- the given-upon the pending amen(lments. There -can be but four word "e~ght." Those words do not appear jri.the substit~te of pending amendments. - · the g-entleman from -Ohio, and ther~fore the amendment of the · Mr~ BRECKINRIDGE

1208 CONGRESSIONAL· RECORD-HOUSE. JANUARY 22,- to the second paragraph·, and an amendment to that. [Cries of the Chair finds that he was mistaken he will change his ruling. "Regular order," and" Vote!"" Vote !"] The Chair held that under all the rulings and precedents here­ The CHAIRMAN. The question is on the substitute offered tofore, the vote must b~ taken on the pending amendment at the by the gentleman f om Ohio. time the debate closed. Now. ii the Chair is mistaken in that The question was taken; and the substitute of Mr. HARTER he will be plea.sed to have some precedent to the contrary sub­ wa3 rejected. mitted to him, and will be pleased to hear the gentleman from The CHAIRMAN. The question is upon theoamendment of­ Louisiana [Mr. BLANCHARD] upon the question. fered by the g-entleman from Arkansas. Mr. BLANCHARD. Mr. Chairman, I rose to a parliamentary The question was taken; and the Chairman announced that the inquiry about twenty minutes ago and submitted this reqllest, noes seemed to have it. holding the bill in my hand: "I understand the Chair to state Mr. McRAE. Division, Mr. Chairman. that after the Harter amendment and the McRae amendment Mr. BURROWS. Mr. Chairman, the question is not under­ are voted down it will be in order to offer an amendment to sec­ stood. tion 181," and the Chair stated positively that it would, and The CHAIRMAN. The committee will be in order. 'rhe that statement of the Chair influenced the votes of many mem­ question is-- bers in this Committee of the Whole. Every gentleman present, Mr. BURROWS. That amendment is not understood. I a hundred of them at least, min testify to that having been the think it had better be stated again. statement of the Chair. The CHAIRMAN. The Chair is requested to have the amend­ The CHAIRMAN. The Chair agrees with the gentleman ment reported again. Ii there be no objection it will be again from Louisiana atsolutely; but two amendments are now pend­ reported. ing to section 181. Mr. McRAE. I hope that will be done. Mr. BLANCHARD. The Chair stated further- The amendment of Mr. McRAE was again reported. Mt·. SIMPSON. Mr. Chairman, I rise to a parliamentary in­ The committee divided; and there were-ayesl24; noes 85. quiry. Mr. PRICE and Mr. ROBERT~ON of Louisiana. Tellers, The CHAIRMAN. Let us have one at a time. There is one Mr. Chairman. now pending. Tellers were ordered. The Chair has not stated at any time that new amendments · '.rhe CHAIRMAN. The Chair will appoint the gentleman could be offered. On the other hand, the Chair ruled that other from West Virginia [Mr. WILSON] and the gentleman from Ar­ than the four pending amendments to paragraph 180 would be kansl s [Mr. McRAE] to act as tellers. in order, but the Chair has not ruled in any way since this ques­ The committee again divided; and tellers reported-ayes 135; tion came up. noes 69. Mr. BLANCHARD (interposing). But my parliamentary in­ So the amendment was agreed to. · quiry, made twenty minutes ago, was directed to paragraph 181, The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will now report the pending and, in answer to my direct question whether it would be in order amendment to paragraph 181. to move an amendment t-o that other than the amendments then The Clerk read as follows: pending, the Chair stated that it would. Strike out all of paragraph 181, and insert the following: The CHAIRMAN. Oh, no. "All sugarli shall pay a duty upon their polariscopic test a.s follows, Mr. BLANCHARD. Oh, I beg- the Chair's pardon. namely: All sugars testing by t.he polariscope not above 75 degrees shall pay a. duty of 1 cent per pound, and for every additional degree or fraction The CHAIRMAN. Well, either the Chair was misunderstood, ot a degree shown by the polariscopic test they shall pa.y three one-hun­ or else he misunderstood the inquiry. dredths of a cent per pound additional, and all sugars above No. 16 Dutch Mr. BLANCHARD. But, Mr. Chairman, we all knew that standard in color shall pay an additional duty of five-twentieths of 1 cent per pound . there were amendments pending to that paragraph. The ques­ "Provided, That all sugars when exported from, or the product of, any tion was asked of the Chair in order that if he so ruled the gen­ country when and so long a.s such country pays or shall hereafter pay di­ tleman from Kentucky and the gentleman from Tennessee might rectly or indirectly a. bounty on sugar, shall pay in addition to the rates herein provided for a duty equal to the bounty I!O paid by such country." offersubstitutes for the pending amendment, and the Chair ruled that they could. The CHAIRMAN. There is an amendment offered to this Mr. SIMPSON. Let us have the regular order, Mr. Chair­ amendment. which the Clerk will now report. man. Mr. BLANCHARD. I ask for order. The CHAIRMAN. This is the regular order. The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from New York [Mr. Mr. BLANCHARD. And I state to the Chair that that an­ WARNER] proposes an amendment, which the Clerk will read. nouncement influenced many votes on the propositions already The Clerk read as follows: · voted on. Strike out paragraph 181, including lines 11, 12, and 13 on page 28; and strike out from pa.ra.gra.ph 641 the words, "not above No. 16 Dutch stand­ Mr. McMILLIN. Mr. Chairman- ard in color," in lines 9 and 10 on page 86. The CHAIRMAN. As soon as the gentlemen from Louisi­ Mr. WARNER. If I can have an opportunity to explain the ana concludes the Chair will recognize the gentleman from object of that amendment- Tennessee. The CHAIRMAN. Deb:1te is not in order. The gentleman Mr. BLANCHARD. That, Mr. Chairman, was certainly t.he from Kentucky [Mr. BRECKINRIDGE] proposes a substitute, responSe of the Chair to the parliamentary inquiry by the gen­ which the Clerk will now report. tleman from Illinois [Mr. SPRINGER], and I ask the gentleman The Clerk began to read the amendment. from Illinois [Mr. SPRINGER] if that was not his understanding? Mr. BRECKINRIDGE of Kentucky (interposing). Mr. Chair­ Mr. SPRINGER. It was; and I voted against the Harter man, I now offer that as a substitute for all pending amend- amendment supposing that that was the ruling of the Chair. ments, and fol"' paragraph 181. · Mr. PRICE. The committee certainly had that impression, The amendment was read, as follows: Mr. Chairman. Mr. McMJLLIN. It has been stated by the gentleman from That section 181 be amended so as to read as follows: "All sugar,ra.wand refined, all tank bottoms, all sugar dra.inings and sugar Louisiana [Mr. BLANCHARD], and also by the gentleman from sweepings, syrups of cane juice, beet juice, melado, concentrated mela.do, Illinois [Mr. SPRINGER], and the statement is assented to by concrete and concentrated molasses, and molasses, 1 cent per pound." · several gentlemen around me, that the understanding was that Mr. REED. How does that amendment get in? the Chair ruled as indica,ted by the gentleman from Louisiana. The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Kentucky asks to be I suppos~ there is no disposition on the part of any member allowed to offer this as a substitute for the pending amendments. here to take advantage of a misunderstanding, and therefore I Mr. BURROWS. I object. hope there will be no objection to the offering of the amend­ Mr. REED. Does the gentleman ask unantmous consent? ment of the gentleman from Kentucky [Mr. BRECKINRIDGE]. The CHAIRMAN. It can only be offered by unanimous con- '!'hat seems to me to be fair, and I think that any other course sent, as the Chair understands. would be unfair where action has been taken on the basis of a. Mr. BLANCHARD. Oh, I beg the Chair's pardon. The ruling or a supposed ruling of the Chair. Chair ruled differently not twenty p1inutes ago. Mr. DOCKERY. That certainly ought to be done under the The CHAIRMAN. The Chair has not made any ruliil.g on this circumstances. · point, as he understands. The CHAIRMAN. The Chair has certainly not intended to Mr. BLANCHARD. Mr. Chairman, I rose to a parliamentary prevent a vote upon any of the phases of this question. Gen­ inquiry a while ago-- . tlemen on both sides, in the majority and in the mmority, will The CHAIRMAN. The Chair desires to say that he will bear bear the Chair witness to the fact that in view of the peculiar the gentleman upon this point and will not submit the question embarrassments surrounding the Chair in reference to these until gentlemen are satisfied. The Chair rules-- · amendments, the Chair went to gentlemen of the minority as Mr. BLANCHARD. But, Mr. Chairman- well as those on the m:1jority side and asked them to arrange to The CHAIRMAN. The Chair will make a statement, to which have their amendments voted on in some order which would be the gentlemm from Louisiana may then address himself, and i! satisfactory to them. And the Chair has shown no disposition 1894~ CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 1209

to cut gentlemen off from offering amendments: but has allowed I The question being taken on the amendment of Mr. Warner, the widest latitude under the rules as he understands them. there were-ayes 62, noes 89. Now, when the gentleman from Louisiana [Mr. BLANCHARD] Mr. WARNER. I call for tellers. propounded his inquiry, whether an amendment would be in Tellers were ordered; and Mr. WARNER and Mr. WILSON of order to section 181, the Chair in replying simply meant to say" West Virginia were appointed. that it would be, and he supposed he was directing himself to The committee proceeded to divide. the two amendments which were pending-- Mr. ROBERTSON of Louisiana. Is it in order to ask for the Mr. BLANCHARD. Not at all. reading of the amendment as it would stand _if amended in the The CHAIRMAN. The Chair is stating his understanding; manner proposed by the gentleman from New York. and if the gentleman did not so understand, that is another ques-· The CHAIRMAN. The Chair thinks not, as the committee tion. is dividing. The gentleman from Tennessee [Mr. McMILLIN] proposes that Mr. ROBERTSON of Louisiana. This is not properly an by unanimous consent the substitute be voted on-- amendment to the amendment. Mr. BLANCHARD. Oh, not by unanimous consent. The division having been completed, the tellers reported- Mr. McMILLIN. I think that is fair. ayes 137, noes 52. The CHAIRMAN. In view of the fact that the Chair unin- So the amendment to the amendment was adopted. tentionally misled gentlemen on the floor, he will now submit Mr. ROBERTSON of Louisiana. I now call for the reading. that reque8t. of the amendment as amended. . Mr. WASHINGTON. I wish to state, by way of relieving the The CHAIRMAN. The question is first on the substitute. situation, that I had an amendment already drawn to be offered Mr. WILSON of West Virginia. I move that the committee to this section, and my understanding from the Chair was that now rise. it would be in m·der to offe r the amendment when we reached The motion was agreed to. the-appropriate point. Under that impression a great many of The committee accordingly rose; and the Spea,ker having re- us have voted here. I hope, therefore, that neither the Chair sumed the chair, Mr. RICHARDSON of Tennessee reported that nor the House will be inclined to such a construction of the rule the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union, in regard to voting on this bill as will preclude the offering of h ving had under consideration the tariff bill, had come to no proper amendments. If an amendment be offered and voted resolution thereon. down, no harm can come; and if the amendment be adopted, it Mr. WILSON of West Virginia. I ask unanimous consent, will simply facilitate the expression of the voice of the Com- Mr. Speaker, that the sessionof the committee maybe extended mittee of the Whole. until this vote can be concluded. The CHAIRMAN. It is very material that the gentleman The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the from Tennessee [Mr. WASHINGTON] should remember at what gentleman from West Virginia? time he addressed his !nquiry to the Chair. If the gentleman Mr. WASHINGTON. I will have to object. A ~reat num­ had put the inquiry before the debate closed, the Chair would ber of our members have started away, under the rmpression certainlyhaveresponded that theamendmentwould be in order; that the usual recess was to be taken. but the Chair does not think thatafter the debate closed he told Mr. PRICE. I object, Mr. Speaker. any gentleman that a new amendment not previously offered The SP EAK~R. Objection is made. would be in orde~. Several MEMBERS. Withdraw the objection. Mr. DOCKERY. Under the circumstances, in view of the Mr. WASHINGTON. At the request of gentlemen around misunderstanding of gentlemen on the floor, it would seem to me I will not insist upon the objection. be entirely fair to follow the suggestion of the gentleman from The SPEAKER. Then, in the absence of further objection, Tennessee [Mr. McMILLIN]. the committee will resume its sitting. The CHAIRMAN. The Chair will submit that request- Mr. PRICE. I did not withdraw my objection. Mr. BLANCHARD. Oh, no; not as a request for unanimous The SPEAKER. Does the gentleman insist upon the objec- consent. We appeal to the Chair to stand by his own ruling in tion? · this matter. Mr. PRICE. I will withdraw it. The CHAffiMAN. The Chair is endeavoring to stand by his So there being no further objection, the Committee of the own ooling, but he does not intend to admit that he has made Whole resumed its sitting, Mr. RICHARDSON of Teunessee in any other ruling than that which he has just stated. the chair. Mr. BLANCHARD. The statement of the Chair influenced The CHAIRMAN. The question will now be taken on the numbers of gentleman to vote otherwise than they would have suhstitute proposed by the gentleman from Kentucky, which will voted if they h ad not understood the Chair to declare that be reported. amendments such as we propose now to offer would be in order The Clerk read as follows: to paragraph 181. · That section 181 be amended so as to read as follows: The CHAIRMAN. The Chair hears no objection to there- "All sugar. raw and refined, all tank bottoms, all sugar drainings, and quest of the gen tlemanfrom Tennessee to allow a vote to be taken sugar sweepings, sirups of cane juice, beet juice melada, concentrated me-. on the proposed amendment. However, the Chair will submit lada, concrete and concentrated molasses, and molasses, 1 cent per pound." the request. Mr. BURROWS. I understand that the substitute has been ' Mr. BLANCHARD. But that is putting us at the mercy of amended? any one member on the floor. The CHAIRMAN. No; the amendment that was adopted was Mr. SPRINGER. Will the Chair allow me to make a sugges- to the amendment proposed by the gentleman from Louisiana tion in the interest of harmony? - [Mr. ROBER1'SON]. There is no amendment proposed to this The CHAIRMA"N. Is there objection to the request made by substitute. the gentleman from Tennessee. The Chair hears none." The The question was taken on the adoption of the substitute; and question is upon the substitute. . on a division there were-ayes 67, noes 144. ' Mr< CLARK of Missouri. I rise to a parliamentary inquiry. Mr. PRICE. I ask for tellers. Is not the effect of the amendment of the gentleman from New Tellers were refused. York [Mr. WARNER] to make the product of the sugar trust So the substitute was rejected. free as raw sugar is now free. The CHAIRMAN. The question now is on agreeing to the The CHAIRMAN. That is not a parliamentary-inquiry; that amendment to the gentleman for Louisiana [Mr. ROBERTSON], is a legislative question. The question is now upon the substi- as amended by the amendment of the gentleman from New tute offered by the gentleman from Kentucky, which the Clerk York [Mr. WARNER]. ' will read. Mr. JOHNSON of Ohio. The amendment to the amendment The Clerk read as follows: having been adopted, what becomes of the original amendment? That section 181 be amended so as to read as follows: The CflAIRMAN. The question now is upon the amendment "Allsugar,rawandrefined.all tank bottoms, allsugardrainingsandsugar offered by the gentleman from Louisiana as amended by the sweepings, sirups of cane juice, beet juice, melado, concentrated melado, amendment of the gentleman from New York. concrete ::.nd concentrated molasses, and molasses, 1 cent per pound." Mr. JOHNSON of Ohio. Does not that amendment now take The CHAIRMAN. The question will be first taken upon the the place of the other, or, if we adopt the amendment as amendment of the gentleman from New York [Mr. WARNER] to amended, do not we have both? the amendment. If there be no objection, it will be reported The CHAIRMAN. The question is upon the amendment as again. - amended. The Clerk read as·follows: Several MEMBERS. Let it be reported. Strikeout paragraph 181, including lines 11, 12, and 13 on page 28, and strike The CHAIRMAN. The amendment has been -read, _and the from p~ragraph 641 the words "not above No. 16 Dutch standard in color" amendment to the amendment, which has been adopted. The 1n lines 9 and 10, on page 86. ques~ion is upon the amendment as amended. 1210 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. J .ANTJARY 22,

Mr. 3PRINGER. Mr. Chairman, I rise to a parliamentary The CHAIRMAN. Permission was given for the committee inquiry. to sit, and that was all; but the committee can rise. The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman will st:tte it. Mr. WILSON of West Virginia. I call for a vote on my mo­ Mr. PAYNE. A parliamentary inquiry. · tion. The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from DlinoiB has already The question being taken on the motion of Mr. WILSON of West risen to a p:trliamentary inquiry. Virginia, that the committee rise, on a division therc1 were-ayes Mr. SPRINGER. If we adopt the amendment as amended, 141, noes 73. what will be the condition of the text? The committee accordingly rose; and the Speaker having re­ The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman is as c-Ompetent to answer sumed the Chair, Mr. RICHARDSON of Tennessee, Chairman of that as the Chair. That i9 not a parliamentary inquiry. _ the Committee of the Whole House on the· state of the Union, Mr. SPRINGER. I thought we were voting to strike out the reported that that committee had under consideration the bill section 181? (H. R. 4864) to reduce taxation1 to provide revenue for the Gov­ The CHAIRMAN. The Chair is not responsible for that. ernment, and for other purposes, and had come to no resolution Mr. PAYNE. If we adopt this will it not put raw-sugar on thereon. the dutiable list and refined sugar on the free list? LEAVE OF ABSENCE. The CHAIRMAN. That is not a parliamentary inquiry, but Mr. DALZELL.· Before the House goes into recess I want is a legislative inquiry. to ask indefinite leave of absence for my colleague [Mr. SIPE], Mr. WILLIAM A. STONE. Mr. Chairman- who is very ill. Mr. SPRINGER. I ask for the reading of the amendmentas Mr. REYBURN. I desire also, to ask leave of absence for a amended. . few days for my colleague [Mr. ADAMS of Pennsylvania] on ~- Mr. WARNER. Mr. Chairman, a parliamentary inquiry-­ count of the death of his father. . Mr. ENGLISH. Mr. Chairman-- Tile SPEAKER. Without objection, these requests will be The CHAIRMAN. The Chair will recognize no gentleman granted. until order is restored The gentleman from New Jersey [Mr. The gentleman from Indiana [Mr. BROOKSHIRE] will perform ENGLISH] is recognized. the duties of the chair at the evening session. The House will Mr. ENGLISH. Mr. Chairman, if it be in order, I would like now take a recess until 8 o 'clook, the evening session to be de­ to have the amendment as amended read for information. voted to debate only on the pending bill. The CHAIRMAN. That has just been done, but the Chair will have it done again. Mr. SPRINGER. I call for the reading of the te~t as it now EVENING SESSION. stands amended. The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Illinois [Mr. The recess havin!r expired, the House was call-ed to order a.t SPRINGER] and· the gentleman from New Jersey [Mr. ENGLISH] 8 o'clock P· m. by Mr. BROOKSHffiE as Speaker pro tempore. ask to have the amendment as amended reported. The SPEAKER pro tempore. The House is in session fur the Mr. COOMBS. No, the original text as amended. consideration of the bill (H. R . .4864) to reduce taxation, to pro· Mr. ROBERTSON of Louisiana. I move that the committee vide revenue for the Government, and for oth.er purposes. The do now rise. rGreat confusion.] House will now resolve itself into Committee of the Whole Mr. PICKLER. Regular order. House on the state of the Union. The CHAIRMAN. Gentlemen ask for the reading of the The House accordingly resolved itself into Committee of the amendment as amended. Whole House on the st:1te of the Union, Mr. BAILEY in the Mr. STOCKDALE. Mr. Chairman, I ask- chair. The CHAIRMAN. The committee will be in order. It isut- The CHAIRMAN. The House is in Committee of the Whole terly useless ior the Clerk to read the amendment unless the com- House on the state of the Union for the purpose of considering mittee is in order. The Chair will recognize no gentleman un· the bill, the title of which the Clerk will now report. · til order is restored. The title of the bill was reported. · Mr. STOCKDALE. Mr. Chairman, I ask that the lines [Mr. BROOKSHIRE addressed the committee. ·see Appen:. stricken out by the a:.nendment to the amendment be read in dix.] connection with the reading of the amendment. • Mr. BRODERICK. Mr. Chairman, throughout this debate it has Mr · COOMBS. That is, the original text as amended. been asserted and as umed, on the other side of the Chamber, that in_ Mr. BLAND. I underatood that the amendment of the gen- f · 1 1 · 11 tleman from New York fl\1r. WARNER] was in the natur.e o.f a some 0 the Western agncu tnra States, especla Yin Kansas and L-'-' Nebra ka., there is a growing sentiment in favor of free trade, or substitute for the amendment, and that when it was adopted this some near a.pproach to this fallacy. I d~4'~ in the outset to deny amendment was out of the way. and refute this assrupption. Mr. BLANCHARD. Oh, no. I do not pretend to know the sentiments of all the people of.those Mr. BRECKINRIDGE of Kentucky. I rise to a parliamentary States on this question, nor do I as rune to speak fo.r all. '].'he sev-:; inquiry. era] di tricts ~e represented in this body by gentlemen who can The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman will state it. t~pea.k for their people. But I am here from one of the oldest and Mr. BRECKINRIDGE of Kentucky. Is it in order to move most prosperous ili~tricts in Kansas, and know I speak for a large to reconsider the vote adopting the amendment of the gentle- majority of her people when I say they are unalterably oppose.d to man i:rom New York [Mr. \711 ARNER]? free trade, so far as relates to things which can be produced ill this The CHAIRMAN. The Chair thinks--- country, and they are opposed to the measure under consideration; Mr. BRECKINRIDGE o.f Kentucky. I move to reconsider and, judging from the last public expression of the people of the the vote bv which the amendment of the gentleman from New Northwest, made through the ballot, if it were necessary, I would . York [Mr.~W_.<\.RNER] wa.s adopted. [Renewed confusion.] feel warranted in saying that not a single State west of the Mis- The CHAIRMAN. A motion to reconsider is not i.p. order in soUTi a~ees with the majority here in the effort to breuk down our Committee of the Whole. p1;otective system. · Mr. PICKLER. The Chair has two or three times directed For the people in the new and growing West understand as well the reading of the amendment as amended. as auywhere in .America that communities can only bo built up and The CHAIRMAN. But not until order is restored.. The gen- sustruned by Teciprocal business relations toward each other-that tleman from Kentucky [Mr. BRECKINRIDGE] has made a. motion. genuine. prosperity can only come to a community by industrial The Chair n.ppsals to gentlemen on the floor to take their seats. development and by turning the trade balance sheets in its favor. · · 'bl h bl' b · Hence the paramount question in every new State has been, and I t IS lmpossi e to transact t e pu IC usmess. is, how to best accomplish these purposes, and the State which has Mr. REED. Gentlemen, we ought to take our seats in order succeeded in developing its resource , iliversifyin!! its industries, to find out" where we are at." [Laughtet'.] · ~ Mr. WILSON of West Virginia. Mr. Chairman-- and making itself most nearly self-sustaining has become the most prosperous and inde:pondent. And that which has proven most Mr. BOUTELLE. I hope the Chair will cause gentlemen to beneficial to the Stat in thls regard has been a great blessing to take their seats. the nation. 9 The CHAIRMAN. The Chuir has begged gentlemen to take Understanding these inexorable laws of business thrift, the people their seats. but he has no power to compel them to do so. of Kansas know that they can not always depend alone on agricul- Mr. BOUTELLE. We might rise and go into the House, and turo. They have discovered and opened mines of coal, lead, anQ. the Sergeant-at.-Arms~- . zinc. They are beginninO' to manufacture. At Leavenworth many Mr. WILSON of West Virginia. I move that the COUlmittee . plant are established an8 furnaces are in full blast. .A.t .Atchison, do now rise. Topeka., Kansas City, Wichita,, Pittsburg, and elsewhere in tli~ Mr. PICKLER. I rise to a point of order. · State, manufacturing has beginnings which promise much for the -The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman will state it. future. And when the mines of that great State are developed she Mr. PICKLER. The House has ordered that the committee will IJe able to supply with snJ.4- every Stato in the Union. In fll.Ct remain in oossi'.>n until these votes were closed. she_is now producing_salt enough from her partiallr ievol

mines to save everything in this country, except from the demorali·l of the Democratic party n.re a part of the history of the country. zation and nristakes of the Democratic party; but, however effica- Its expressed mission is to tear down. It has announced no other cion , there is no earthly substance powerful enough to produce policy-no other determination. Decause of this threat a mighty this resurt. panic has swept over the country. Everywhere th6l·e ha.s been a :Much has been said during this discussion as the effect of the shrinkage of property values. The prices of all farm products are present tariff legislation on the interests of agriculture. I have materially diminished. The producero are paying a premium on stated that the 'Vestern farmers believe in protection. Not all of gold. As compared with a year ago it requires more produce to pur­ them, but am sure that the great majority of those who read and chase a dollar. A great army of unemployed are demanding food think for themselves believe that a prqtective tariff on foreign goods and shelter. Railroads aro passing into the hands of receivers. The and products 1s the least burdensome method of raising revenue for business ili1terests of ten States and Territ-ories in the West are pros­ the support of the Government, and they will under&'tand that this trated by recent legislation, while the bill before us menaces the policy has helped to establish an

~dvise~ by the last na~io~al Democratic conve~tion c that a protect. t~at perio~ of depression lasted seven years. It lasted only a short 1ve tariff was unconstitutional, and the campaign was largely made tliDe and did not affect so many people as the present panic. A. period upon this issue, though I apprehend that but .few expected that of speculation followed the close of the war, and from 1873 to 1879 this proposition would be seriously considered after the campaign there was some contraction of the currency and the way wa.s being closed; but the argument has been renewed. Two lawyers of grea.t paved for resumption. A. nnmber of banking institutions failed ability on the other side of the House have made the contention property depreciated, but public ancl private enterprises were pros~ duriug this debate, and have forcibly restated the position of their ecuted and the laboring people given employment. party. Mr. BROOKSHIRE. As I now remember, in 1872the Republican The gentleman from Georgia [Mr. T~"ER] and the gentleman party was in power in both branches of Congress and in the Execu· fromNcbraska [Mr. BRYA...''~] cited and commented at length upon the tive; it was also in control of a.lmost every State in the Union and decision of the Federal Supreme Court in Loan Association vs. it seems to me that the panic lasted, according to the history of the 'fopeka (20 Wall., 655.) . period, for seven years. In this case it was de?ided that ~onds issued und~r a statnt?·of 1\Ir. BRODERICK. The Republican party was in power, but the the tat~ of Kansas to a~d purely pnvate manufacturing enterpn~es c?untry had :passed throu~h a great war and a period of wild specula· were vOid. The followmg paragraph from the syllabus contams t10n, and while endeavorma to return to safe business methods the the gist of the case: crash came. Now a panic ~omes when no such reason exists when .A statute which autb orizes a town to issue its bonds in aid of the manufacturing there is no cause assignable, except that the Democratic party is con­ enterprise of individuals is voifi, because the taxes necessary to pay the bonds trollina the Government woulu, if collected, be a. transfer of the property of indivi

/ 121-2 - CONGRESSIONA-L -RECORD-HOUSE. JANUARY 22, -·

of this, must ~e provided for by some way and will be met by the be studying the situation as they never studied it before. The issue and sale of bonds. This is, and has been from the beginning, great issues between the two great political parties were never the purpose of the present administration: The issue of bonds was more definitely laid down than they are now, and the demand a part of the plan when the extra session was called, but, because of that the protective tariff shall cease and a tariff for revenue only · stronger opposition than was expected, it was deferred to await some be substituted in its place rings throughout our land. appar.-nt necessity. The auspiCious time seems to have arrived, TARIFF FOR REVENUE ONLY. though it will be difficult to convince the peoplo that there is any real necessity for issuing bonds w bile there is an asset in the Treas­ In seven Congresses tariff reform has been the chief subject ury which might and 8honld be used to meet the current expenses of of discussion. This question has grown and increased in impor­ the Government. The $55,000,000 of unpledged silver bullifm should tance and in magnitude as the years have passed, until now 1t is be coined and put into circulation, but the bankers of New York the greatest question bef6re the American people. The victories say no. They want bonds. They want to invest their surplus. which the protectionists have gained over tariff reform have Thesearetheonlyreasons for not utilizing tho silver on hand. The only served to intensify the public interest, and prove to the revenue is to be reduced, the protective system broken down, and people the unfairness and inequality of the protective system, gold bonds issued and sold to meet the current expenses. Speak­ and the appropriateness of the declaration made at the last na­ ing now only for myself, I am opposed to all these propositions. tional Democratic convention, that-_ Mr. BROOKSHIRE. Will the gentleman yield another question f We denounce Republican protection as a fraud, n. robbery of the great ma­ M1·. BRODERICK. Certainly. jority of the American people for the benefit or the few. We declare it to Mr. BROOKSHIRE. I desire to ask you as a lawyer this: You be a. fundamental principle of the Democratic party thn.t the Federal Gov­ ernment has no constitutional power to impose and collect ta.rur duties ex­ spoke of the assets in the Treasury, you moan this seigniorage on cept for the purpose of revenue only, and we demand that the collection of the silver f - such taxes shall be limited to the necessities of the Government when hon· Mr. BRODERICK. Yes, sir. estly and economically administered. Mr. BROOKSHIRE. Yon think that that could be segregated Y The defeat of the Morrison bill in 1886, which attempted are­ Mr. BRODERICK. When coined there would be no difficulty, adjustment of tariff rates, caused the demands of tariff reform­ and it can be approximated now. ers to be presented again in 1888 in the Mills bill, which was Ur. BROOKSIDRE. Yon are aware of the fact that it would take a very Jong time to coin that seigniorage, considering tpe coinage much farther advanced than the Morrison bill. Its passage by. capacity of the mints! the House of Representatives and rejection by the Senate, fol­ Mr. BRODERICK. -It would take longer than the Government lowed by the passage of the McKinley bill in 1890, which was J could wait for the coin, but certificates could be issued against it to the culmination of tariff iniquity and increased tariff bxes meet the present_demands on the Treasury. This is what should be h igher than ever before, caused the political revolution which done, and would be by a business a-dministration. [Applause.] convulsed our country in 1892 and left the Republican party al­ Mr. BROOKSHIRE. I just wanted the judgment of the gentle­ most stranded and struggling for national existence. While man. there were other questions, the tariff was the great overshadow­ Mr. BRODERICK. Free raw material is a delusion. It discrimi­ ing question in the last Presidential campaign. nates in favor of tbe manufacturer and against the great producing Mr. HILBORN. Will the gentleman allow me to ask him a regions ofthe West. As long as _a protective tariff is maintained question? raw material, being largely the production of the farms and mines, Mr. McCREARY of Kentucky. Certainly. should have protection. Mr. HILBORN. Do you consider the pending bill a fulfill­ Many gentlemenon thootherside have expressed theirdis!latisfac­ ment of the pledges that the Democratic party made in its plat­ tion with this bill. It is not radical enough to suit them, but it is form? a party measure. It meets with no favor on this side. It could not Mr. McCREARY of Kentucky. The present bill has been be passed if it were not supported by the leaders of a great party. carefully prepared by the members of the Committee on Wavs The masses are not for it. It is un-American; so was the other and Means. I understand the difficulties and trials that those gen­ Wilson bill, which was passed under the most extraordinary party tlemen encountered in endeavoring to revise the McKinley tariff · pressure. All the institutions of this great country are to be con­ bill; I believe they have reported to us the best bill they could dnct.ed hereafter on the European plan if the party in power is under the circumstances. (Applause.] While that bill is not sustained. What will the people say to this f What will you gen­ in every respect satisfactory, I will vot~ for it cheerfully, be· tlemen on the other side say when you return to your constituents cause it starts us out on a road that, in my judgment, will eventu­ and find that the policy of your party has only resulted in greater ally lead•to a tariff for revenue only. business disaster and depression f · Mr. HILBORN. Will you allow me to interrupt you by a Tbe doctrine of free trade in the South and alongtlie coast, where further question? the wealthy merchants are nearly all interested in impqrting, has been taught, in season and out of season, since the war. It is not Mr. McCREARY of Kentucky. Certainly. a matter of great surprise that in thirty years the people should be Mr. HILBORN. As a lawyer, do you consider it constitu- persuadecl to accept the theory and try the experiment. This is not tional? the :fi.,rst time that they have been misled and turned a-side by argu­ Mr. McCREARY of Kentucky. I do. ments for unrestricted commerce. Talk of a free ocean and unfet­ Mr. HILBORN. Is it not a protective tariff? tered trade is pleasing to the ear. But we learn faster from experi­ Mr. McCREARY of Kentucky. Not so much as the McKin­ ence than we do from discussion, and in three years the people will ley act. It is true that we have not been able in that bill tore­ undo the legislation which they have permitted to be enacted. A duce taxation as we desire. Take the woolen goods, for instance. new era will then begin. Improved industrial and financial systems The average duty on woolen goods to-day is 98 per cent. The will be devised and prosperity and contentment will again come to committee was only enabled to reduce the duties to an averao-e of b1e stheland. [Applauseon the Republican side.] 40 per cent; but in doing that they saved at least $100,000~000, Mr. McCREARY of Kentucky. Mr. Chairman, the marvelous and thusleft$100,000,000in the pockets of the people. [Applause.] prosperity which, according to Republican prophecy, was cer­ The Americ3.n people, after the fullest and freest debate, de­ tain to follow the passage of the McKinley act in 1890 proved to liberately and properly decided that the R epublican tariff-is be a mirage full of disaster and distress Like ''the apples of wrong- in principle and tyrannical in operation, and that '' the • Sodom, which turned to ashes on the lips," thefruitsof the g-reat Federal Government has no constitutional power to impose and protection act have been unsatisfactory, disappointing, and dis­ collect tariff taxes, except for purposes of revenue only," and al:trous to the people. St.1.gnated trade, reduced values, closed for the first time in thirty-five years the Democrats won a Pres­ factories, failing ba:p.ks, mortgaged farms, unemployed labor, ident, Senate, and House of Representatives. suffering people: and a depleted Treasury are some of the fru!ts Great and heavy responsibilities rest upon Democratic Rep­ of the law which, we were told, would be a blessing and a boon resentatives. The pledges made at the national convention to all classes and all sections of our common country. should be redeemed promptly, and we should do our duty fear­ P RESENT CONDITIONS RESULT OF REPUBLICAN LEGISLATION. lessly, faithfully, and quickly. We have repealed the laws au­ thorizing Federal control of elections, and the make hift known in the few months that have passed since the new Adminis­ as the purchasing clause of the Sherman act. Now we should tration came into power Democratic policies h!tve not ha{} time act promptly in the reduction of tariff taxes and in the move- to succeed or fail. The present conditions are the result of Re­ ment t?ward a briff_for revenue only. • publican legislation and Republican management. The com­ mercial and agricultural distress of the country can not justly THE PENDING BILL. be charg·ed to the party now in power; neither is the fiscal situ­ The bill under consideration is not a complete response to the ation of Democratic making. The party which took possession mandate of five and one-half millions of 'men who voted our party of the Go vernment in 1889, with a surplus of $100,000,000 in the into power. It, however, goes farther than the Mills bill, and •Treasury: went out of power in 1893with the surplus exhausted, much farther than the Fifty-second Congress. I appreciate the the Government loaded down with fixed charges, and liabilities patient toil and anxious labor expended on the bill by the Com­ many millions in excess of assets. It is very natural, therefore, mittee on Ways and Means, and I believe they have given us the that the people from on0 end of the country to the other should best bill they could frame under the circumstances. .

1894. CONGRESSIONAL-RECORD-HOUSE. 1213

I regret, however, the bill proposes to continue the qounty increased. Wool sold at 67 cents per pound in 1866, when the av-. now paid to the sugar-planters for a term of eight years, under a erage tariff rate was 40 per cent on dutiable goods, and sold for- gradually decreasing schedule. I am in favor of repealing the 43 cent-s per pound in 1885 when the aver-age tariff was 47 per sugar bountyat onceandentirely. Thebountypaid tothesugar­ cent, and in 1892, after the passage of the McKinley bill, wool planters for the fiscal year 1893 amounted to $!:},375,130.88, and of went down to 32cents per pound, and it now sells at 23 cents per this amount $3,506,657.51 was paid to forty sugar-growers, and pound. Not only has wool steadily decreased in price, but the the remainderto less than five bundredplanters. TbeCongress number of sheep in 1891 in the twenty-nine States east of the of the United States has no more authority to pay a bounty to Mississippi and Missouri Rivera was 4,000,000 less than in 1881,' the sugar-growers of our country than it bas to pay a bounty to and in Kentucky in the same period the number of sheep de­ the wheat, corn, or tobacco growers, or to the men who raise crea::;ed 255,303. • hogs, mules, cattle, or anything else. In this conection I recall the remarks of the gentleman from REPEAL THE SUGAR BOUN:rY. Iowa [Mr. DOLLIVERj, who depicted so· eloquently the increased wages of the laboring men and the new prosperity which the ex­ I shall vote to repeal the sugar bounty. It is a fraud and an isting t:triff gave to the country. outrage and should be repealed. I know that revenue must be raised to pay the expenses of our Government, but when I am IMPORTANT QUESTIONS ASKED BY THE PEOPLE. I would like to ask who can point toone factory in which wages comp ~lled to decide in a contest where a bounty on sugar, free have been increased, and what farmer or laborer has been bene­ sugar~ and a tax on· incomes above $4,000 are presented for con­ siderd.tion, I unhesitatingly say down with the sugar bounty and fited by the Republican tariff act of 1890? The people are now up with free sugar and the income tax. I regret also that the asking in thundering tones, Why is it that a laboring man mus~ duties on imported articles were not reduced lower than pro­ work more days now than bafore to clothe himEelf and family vided in the bill; nevertheless a movement in the right direc­ in comfortable woolens and cottons, while the wearers of broa-d­ tion has been made. The bill is a partial response, at least, to cloth and silks and vel vets are not affected by the change in tte demand for tariff reform, and the widespread desire that the tariff? _ . the policy which so unequally distributes its favors shall not Why is it the poor are being robbed through the McKinley longer be sanctioned by law. All legislation is in the nature of bill by the cheaper grades of clothing and woolens being shut a compromise, and thecommitteewhich framed the pendingbill out of our country, while competing laborers to the number of have been conservative and endeavored to consider the interests nearly a million a year freely come in contest with American la­ of all cla.sses. borers? I s ball support the bill even if the changes I desire are not Why is it that the nabobs of the manufactures, the kings of made, in the hope that the good work will go on until we have trusts, and the chiefs of the combines become millionaires, and reached the just, fair, and wise position announced in the la.st the employes and the laboring men generally are poor and have national Democratic platform. to struggle hard for the necessaries of life? · In the bi'ief time allowed me I can not discuss the pending Why is it that wages in some places have been reduced and bill as I would like to, but I desire to st:l.te some of the reasons laborers have been locked out, and frequent strikes have oc­ which induce me to give it my earnest support. curred since the passage of the last briff bill? . It reduces the burdens of tariff taxation $75,000,000 annually, Why is it that the iron and steel consumed in -the United and especially seaks to abolish prohibitory duties and remove States for the past ten years for railroad construction, for farm­ or lighten taxes on the necessaries of life. ing implements and for other purposes cost Americans, in excess . It places one hundred and thirty-one new articles qn the free of the cost of the same materials to consumers in Great Britain, hst. $300,000,000, or an average of $30!000,000 a year? It puts wool on the free list, and free wool means to an persons Why is it that Great Britain pays her laborers one-third more lower prices for clothing and better goods. It means to manu­ than laborers receive in Germany and Italy and the other pro-. facturers that they shall obtain foreign wool cheaper and suc­ tective-tariff countries of Europe? cessfully compete with foreig-n manufacturers. It means to the Why is it that Great Britain now pays nearly double to her laborer in the factory that he will be employed to assist in mak­ wage-earners what she paid in 1847, just before she abolished ing the goous that are now made by foreign labor and imported her protective tariff? into the United States. lt means to the sheep-raiser that the Why is it the gross increase of the wealth of the agricultural manufaeturer will be enabled to import foreign wool to mix with States of our country has not in the last ten years been one-. home wool, and thus enlarge the market and quicken the demand fifth of the gross increa.se of the wealth of the manufacturing for the consumption of home wool. States? Mr. BROOKSHIRE. Will the gentleman permit an inter­ These are serious and practical questions, and they not only ruption at that point? involve the happiness and prosperity of the people; but the fail­ Mr. McCREARY of Kentucky. Yes, sir. ure to answer them satisfactorily, more than any other cause, Mr. BROOKSHIRE. I simply want to state, in connection brought about the overthrow of the Republican party at the last with my friend's remarks, that 18 per cent of the ordinary nec­ national election. essary expenses of the family are for clothing. That shows the AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS, BINDING-TWINE, SALT, COTTON TIES, SHIPS, importance of t-his item. _ The pending bill also provides for free agricultural imple­ Mr. MCCREARY of Kentucky. I will come to that in a few ments, free binding-twine, free salt, and freecotton ties, and on minutes, and I will show that millions of dollars will be saved to this account it has been denounced as being too favorable to the the people of this country in the cost of woolen clothing by the South; but it is quite evident that while it gives free cotton ties­ passage of this bill. to the South, it gives free binding-twine to the North, and gives WOOLEN GOODS. to the whole country free salt and free agricultural implements, It has been said of the tariff on woolen goods "that it is the and thus New England gets more benefit from the bill in the masterpiece of the ultra restrictionists and exhibits all the worst way of protection than all the Southern States combined. · features of the system." If this is true let us strike down the Mr. BROOKSHIRE. Will the gentleman permitmetomake masterpiece, and then the whole system will be easily con­ another suggestion? trolled. The reduction of the duties on woolen goods as pro­ Mr. McCREARY of Kentucky. With pleasure. vided in the bill will relieve sixty-five millions of people from Mr. BROOKSHIRE. As an illustration of the point which paying an average rate of 98 per cent increase on all the clothes, the gentleman has just made, I would suggest that placing raw­ c:trpets, and woolen goods they consume, and require them to hides on the free list in 1872 has greatly enlarged our exports of pay annually an average rate of 40 per cent, and as there are leather and manufactures of leather. In 1870 we exported about about $370,000,000 worth of woolen goods consumed annually by $700,000 worth of leather and manufactures of leather, and we the people of our countey, if this bill becomes a law at least now export about $1,000,000 worth per month. $100,000,000 will be saved annually and allowed to remain in the Mr. McCREARY of Kentucky. That is an excellent illustra­ pockets of the people. We do not produce in our country all tion, and I have no doubt, Mr. Chairman, that if we pass this bill. the wool we consume. its good effect will be felt in the same manner in many other in- In the year 1893 there was produced in the Unit-ed States 300,­ dustries. · ·000,00J pounds of wool in round numbers; the wool imported into Mr. BOWERS of California. May I ask the gentleman a the United States last year amounted to 176,000,000 pounds, and question? under the existing tarilf law 11 and 12 cents per pound were paid Mr. McCREARY of Kentucky. Mr. Chairman, I suppose we on all foreign woolens imported into the United States. This are not very much pressed for time this evening and I am per­ duty or tax doea not benefit the wool-raiser or increase the price fectly willing to answer all questions that may be put; at the of his "clip,:' but it increases tho price oi woolens. The price same time I have only forty-five minutes and I can not devote_ of wool has steadily decreased in the last twenty-five years, not­ the whole of that time to answering questions. There is a cer­ withstanding the fact that the average hriff rates have steadily tain line of argument that I desire to follow, nevertheless, I 1214 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. JANUARY 22,

will consent to be interrupted by the gentleman from California East banks. have barrels of money and. millionaires are multi­ [Mr. BoWERS]. plying by hundreds, yet thousands of people are suffering for Mi·. BOWERS of California. I only wanted to ask the gentle- bread. man in reply to the snggestiofi made by the gentleman from This is a remarkable condition in our great country, and there Indiana [Mr. BROOKSHIRE], that if it is such a good thing' to put must be SOII1e disease in the body politic. I do not say that the hides on the free list why would it not be a good thing- to put tariff is the only cause, but I do say it is the main cause, and that manufactured woolen goods ofi the free list so that we might get the McKinley act is the colossal blight of the nineteenth century~ an export trade in that line? . and I am one who desires to try a remedy which will help to Mr. McCREARYofKentucky. I wiJl answer that. This bill, give to our producers wider markets, more consumers, greater .as I have stated already, reduces the average tariff ta.x upon freedom of trade with the whole world, with 11 equal rights to woolen goods from 98 per cent down to 40. If the gentleman and all. and exclusive privileges to none." his f-riends will give us time the day will come when this coun- The hif;tory of our country shows that during no other period try will be blest with a further reduction. was there a more he3.lthy and surer development of our manu- Ml'. BOWERS of California. But why should the manufac- facturing interests and amore vigorous and steady growth of turers have more time allowed them than the woolgrowers? agriculture than during the fift3en years of low t::l.riff from 18-16 Mr:McCREARYof Kentucky. Iwillanswerthatquestion too. to 1861. These years present object lessons worthy of study and Weare here as representatives in Congress, to actconservati vely, worthy of imitation. fairly,and justly. We are not able to destroy all the iniquities of Tramps and trusts, strikes and lockouts were unknown in our the present tariff system at this session. Many persons have in- country in those years, but the most destructive strikes, the most vested large amounts of money in manufactures, and we are act- serious labor troubles, the bloodiest riots and the worst lockouts ing conservatively; but we give them notice by the passage of ever known inour country haveoccurred underhigh-ta.riff laws. this bill that we are on the road to a tariff for revenue only. Statistics show that from 1881 to 1886, under two Republican tar­ [Ap plause.] ifl.'s1 there were labor strikes involving 22,301 establishments and Mr. BOWERS of California. But you are willing to cut down 1,3~3,203 workmen. Of these strikes 9,439 were for increase af the woolgrowers' tree right now. [Laughter.] wages and 4,344 against reduction of wages. The Republicans Mr. McCREARY of Kentucky. Twenty-five years ago our . "tinkered" with thfl tariff in 1883. In that year there were fiag, the emblem of American f1·eedom, prosperity, and power, 9~184. business failures, involving $172,874,000. In 1884 there waa seen on every sea and in every port. Now it is disappearing were 10,968 failures, involving $226,3!3,000. In the next year f.rom the ocean. I read not long ago a published statement that there was a .widespread business depression, with aboutl,0001000 of the thousands of vessels that passed through the Isthmus of men out of employment. Suezlast yearnotone carried theAmerican flag; and a traveler In 1890 the McKinley bill was passed, and there were 10,373 lately from South America told me this winter that during his failures that year and 12,39-ithe next, and with liabilities in each travels for nearly one year he did not see the flag of his country year amounting to nearly $200,000,000. The tariff was raised to on but one vessel, and that was a United States warship. This an average rate of nearly 50 p ~ r cent and wages did not go up, destruction of our foreign carrying trade is the result of the pro· but either stood still or declined. In the light of 'these facts, hibition of American registry to foreign-built ships, and the high therefore, the cry that some are making that the proposition to price of the 'materials necessary for construction of ships caused reduce the tariff has brought about depression and ho.rd times by the tariff. The pending bill, while it does not go far enough, is too preposterous to impose upon any except· those who ar.e eo takes a good step in the direction of free materials for ships. blinded by prejudice t4ey can not see or so ignorant they will Mr. Gladstone, the great prime minister of England, in· are.. not be informed. cent speech used these significant words: WAGE-EARNERS. So long as America adheres to the protective system our commercial su­ premacy is secure. No nation can wrest tt from you while America fetters Wage-earners will be benefi t.ed by the passage of the pending her strong hands, and thus fettered, is compelled t-o compete with you, who bill. They will be enabled to buy the nece saries of life cheaper are tree in neutral tnarkets. than under exi ting law. The fact· is that wages are not regu­ AD' V .ALGRElf :DttT:tts, lated by the tariff, but by the supply and the demand for labor, A most excellent change in the pending bill fr·om the exist­ and by the facilities and oppor.tunities offered. France has a ing law is the general substitution of ad valorem duties for spe­ protective tariff, yet wages are lower in France than in free­ cific duties. An important objection to specific duties is that trade England. Germany and ! Wy have still higher protec­ they frequently conceal a rate of taxation too enormous to be tion, yet wages are lower than in France, and much below what submitted to if expressed in ad valorem terms. Thus the duty they are in England. If the tariff makes wages high, Germany of 8 cents on 100 pounds o1 salt in bulk, which really amounts to and the United States should be the paradiEe of workingmen, 80 per cent on a neces8.ity of life, is not stated so as to be prop­ but this is not the case. We find that ''free-trade England" (as erly understood. Specific duties group a numoor of articles to­ our Republican friends call that country) and our tariff-walled gether and charge upon the cheaper as tnuch as upon th.e more , Republic lead all other nations in the wages· of workingmen. costly. They are imposed by weight, yard, and gallon without Mr. BROOKSHIRE. If the gentleman will permit a further regard to value, thus compelling the poor, who buy cheap goods, in.terruption, I would state, in line with the gentleman's argument, to pay as much as the rich, who buy fine and costly goods. that mmers receive in Virginia, on the Dan River, 40 cents per A system that requires the same tax to be paid on cloth that ton for mining coal; in West Virginia they receive from 40 to 60 costs 50 cents per yard as is paid on qloth that costs $5 per, ym~d cents per ton for mining coal, and in my district in the State of is unjust. . It is equivalent to taxing land the same 1·ate per acre Indiana they receive 80 cents a ton fgr mining block coal. Now, whether located in a city or on a mountain top. If tariff duties I take it that if the tariff fixed wages, the wages for the same are to be imposed they should be charged on what a. thing is work would be the same everywhere. worth. Henry Clay, as far back as 18~t in a speech made this Mr. McCREARYo(Kentucky. Mr.Chairman, the point made clear and forcible statement: by the gentleman from Indiana is~ very striking one and does not Co::npare the difference between specific and the ad valorem system_ of du­ need to be enforced by any comments on my part. It speaks for ties, and I maintain that the latLer is justly entitled to the preference. The itself. one principle declar es that the duty shall be _paid upon the real value of the No people on earth have been more deluded and humbugged article taxed; the specific principle imposes an equal duty on artiCles greatly unequal in value. · than the workingmen of our country have been by the manu­ facturers and monopolists. They have continually demanded a PROTECTIVE SYSTEl\! HAS BEEN TRIED .AN'D FOUND W ..U\TING. high protective tariff for the benefit of American laborers, but The protective system has been thoroughly tested; we have they have always pocketed the profits and let the workingmen had thirty years in which to try it and we can judge it by its take care of. themselves. fruits. Under its influence, enormous wealth has been amassed Mr. HILBORN. Will the gentleman permit a question? by the few,. while the many have had a hard struggle for the Mr. McCREARY of Kentucky. Yes, sir. necessaries of life. Under its influence, favored industries have Mr. HILBORN.' You admit, or you claim, that the tariff is blossomed as the rose, and statisticians have been enabled to robbery, but you seem to think that we can not stop robbing sud­ show that 30,000 persons of the favored few own one-half of the denly; that we have got to do it gradually. Is that the idea? wealth of this great country, while 65,000,000 own the other [Laughter.j half. Under its influence, the agricultural States of the West and Mr. Mc.:CREARY of Kentucky. Mr. Chairman I admit that South seem to be suffering with a blight. Their men p.,nd wo­ the Republican party when in power passed la.ws authorizing a. men are industrious and enterprising; their fields are fertile, species of robbery, and now we Democrats intend to repeal those their crops are abundant, and their mineral resources are inex­ law as fast as we can do so consi tently. We are sorry that you haustible, yet they wait for the prosperity which does not come, Republirons have been guilty of such b1d legislaUon, but we are and realize that their condition annually grows worse and the going to try to s::t.ve the people from your clutches. [Applause value of their lands annually grows less. In the North and the on the DemGcra.tic. side.] 1894 . . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 1215 - Mr. Chairman, did anyone ever hear of a manufacturer, before The Clerk read as follows: the McKinley bill passed or since, going out to hunt a high­ I love my country and my countrymen. I am an American any its Northern allies and "de- _ tective tariff on labor. When we come t-o ihe poor wage-earner termined to established the doctrine of free-trade in this coun­ we find absolute free trade. The manufactures of Europe can try." not be shipped here to compete with American manufactures The great body of visionary but educated men are here, pour­ without paying a high duty, but European labor, and often pau­ ing into this House and the press of the country their free-trade per labor, comes here without paying a cent of duty. There is ess:1ys, and all for a theory, and all deaf alike to the wild cry of no tariff on labor, but Republicans do not complain because la- hunger and distress from the workingmen of the country, and bor is on the free list. - · of their wives and children. 'l'HE DUTY OF DEMOCRATS. When this Congress met in extraordinary session on the 7th Mr. Chairman, in conclusion I wish to say with emphasis, the of August last, it convened under the shadow of great financial crisis of tariff reform has come. The Democratic party is and business distress. It was convened bv order of the Presi­ pledged to carry out the policy embodied in the pending bill, dent and asked to do a specific act, namely, to repeal the pur­ and the futu:re of our party is to be decided by the manner in chase clause of the Sherman law, to which public attention had which the crisis is met. For years the Democratic party has been directed as the cause of the great and general tlepression of educated the masses of the people in favor of tariff reform, and business. We were told that the repeal of this la.w would relieve urged them to labor for Democratic victory so that their hopes financial embarrassment, restore confidence, and bring prosperity could be realized and their burdens lightened. In State plat­ to the country again. It is true many questioned the correct­ forms and in national platforms it has been solemnly cove­ ness of the diagnosis~ and therefore doubted the efficacy of the nanted with the people that when the Democratic party came remedy proposed. We were then told that" tariff reform" could into full national power it would surely reduce and equalize wait; but this was supplement~d by the statement that it must tariff taxes. It stands to-day in full possossion of the National follow in the near futura. So that whatever relief that might Government, and the speedy and prompt passage of the pend­ have resulted from the repe!:l.l. was negatived by the doubt and ing bill will be hailed with delight all over our great Republic. uncertainty inspired by this latter utterance. The country needs certainty as to our tariff policy and rest Repeal came put no relief followed. And now we are to try from croakers and calamity-howlers. the experiment of'' tariff reform." Last year the four hundredth anniversary of the discovery of · The bill now before the committee} if enacted into law, is to America was celebrated on a scale never seen before. The na­ prove the panaceCL for all the ills with which the country is af­ tions of the world looked with amazement and admiration on the flicted. It is entitled a bill to reduce taxation and provide rev­ improvements, inventions, and resources of our country, and enue for the support of the Government. It does not and can studied with ever-increasing interest the intellectual, mechan­ not relieve taxation: it only snifts the burden from one shoulder ical, artistic, political, and social advancemBnt of the people of to the other. It fails to provide revenue for the support of the our "land of the free and home of the brave.n Government by over $75,000,000 annually. This deficiency must Millions of hearts would throb with joy if we could make this be made good by some other form of taxation not yet clearly de· year historic also by the overthrow of the slavery of agriculture fined, or perhaps by the issue and sale of Government bonds. It and the slavery of labor caused by existing tariff laws, and move is the same old st-ory of histOry repeating itself. Over thirty forward to the impregnable position oi a tariff forrevenue.only. years ago ~he Democratic party went out of power with a de­ Our ancestors fought for freedom, and our country is the pleted Treasury which it was trying with poor success to make home of freedom in its richest and grandest fruition. We harve good by the sale of bonds· and now within ten months after its free speech free suffrage, free press, free thought, and after a return ta power it finds itself again with· a depieted Treasury while we will have unfettered commerce with the whole world, and a Secretary trying to replenish it from the proceeds of the and then we will have the freest, the hanpiest, and the most sa.le of bonds. prosperous people on earth, a.nd our Republic, as a model for all This is a most as_toundi~g. confession o! the incapacity of that party to successfully admmlSter the a:ff.ai£s of this Government. other nations1 will move forward to tlle ru:momplishment of its grand and glorious destiny. [Applause on the Democratic side Ever since the close of the. great war, inherited from Demo~ and in the gallery.] cratic misrule, under the administration of the Republican party there has never been any lack of revenue to pay the cur­ [Mr. IDLBORN addressed the committee. See Appendix.] rent expenses, interest on the great war debt, and to provide [Mr. GOLDZIER\vithholds his remarks for revision. See Ap­ ~eans for tp.e r~p~d exting-uishment of the principal, to make pendix.] hberal appropnatwns to 1mprova. our rivers and harbors, to build public buildings, to build a navy, and to pay liberal and Mr. AVERY. Mr. Chairman, an item taken from the public jus~ p9;nsions to ~he gallant veterans of the great war, and to press, and attributed to one of the most brilliant and far-seeing mam~ at all trmes a healthy balance in the Treasury. And • statesmen of this country, now at rest, is as follows. And I send when It surrendered power oa the 4th day of March last it left a it to the Clerk"s desk to be read. · full Treasury and a revenue system in force that .for nearly 1216 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. J.ANU.ARY 22, ' three yeara had yielded sufficient revenue for all the wants of and deprives workmen of this country of the opportunity to the Government, and left a sa.fe m:trgin for contingencies. make them, while the importation of $250,000,000 of gold would The bill under consideration does not reduce taxation, it only represent the exchange value of goods produced by labor in this shifts it, and does not provide revenue for the maintenance of country. A difference of considerable importance to the work­ the Government; but proposes to take the place of a rev6nue men of this country. system that has reduced taxation, and which did., until threat­ In the year 1892 Michigan furnished over one-third of the en­ ened with destruction by the Democratic party, furnish revenue tire output of iron ore produced in the· united States, and fully sufficient for the support of the Government. If incapacity to one-half of the value of this product. The total amount of iron administer the affairs of this Government needs further illus­ ore taken out in all the Shtes in 1892 was 16,296,666 tons, of tration it may be found in the proposed rider or trailer to this which Michigan produced 7,543,544 tons, the value of which bill, which revives a system of internal taxation which when was over 50 per cent of the value of the entire product of the inaugurated by the Republican party, in the midst of our great United States. There are over twenty thousand men employed struggle for national life was denounced by every Democrat in in this industry and in the production of charcoal iron, of which the land, and evaded by many of them; and is a tax on industry, Michigan produces nearly one-third of the product of the enterprise, and economy, and a premium on perjury, and can United States. I said twenty thousand men are employed in o~ly be defended as a war measure. this industry. I should have said were employed. Fifteen Not only does this measure fail to reduce taxation and p1·ovide thousand of them are now idle and are being fed and clothed by revenue, but it purposely strikes down or cripples. every great the generous and noble-hearted men and women of that Sta.te. industry built up during thirty years of a wise and beneficent And $516,180.89 of revenue is surrendered on this one item. system of protection, and compels to idleness and wa.nt the In this one industry alone Michigan suffers a loss equal to all thousands of honest and industrious working men and women the other States by reason of putting iron ore on the free list. employed in them. Michigan produces one-third of the copper of the United States In Michigan; the State I have the honor to represent in part, and the United States produces one-half of the product of the not a single industry escapes its blighting curse. Iron, copper, world, and this; too, is raw material and put upon the free list. wool, salt, lumber, fish, aggs, and cabbages are all on the free I suppose some of the men engaged in this great industry have list. Michigan is not dependent upon one industry alone. Her made money. Perhaps they ought to be punished for that, in· resourses are varied and practically inexhaustible. She is rich asmuch as some of them live in Boston and in New York. But in iron, copper, timber, salt, agricultural products, and in her they have expended millions of dollars in developing these great manufactories and lake commerce. mines and they have paid millions of dollars to the workingmen It has been the policy of her people to develop all these re­ of the upper -peninsula, and have cheapened the cost of copper sources in as symmetric'al a manner as possible, well knowing to the consumers of this and other countries. But what of the that no single industry can long prosper when all others are men who work in these mines who are the real producers of this neglected. raw material; what of them? Oh, they must contribute their So that to-day she stands first in the production of iron ore share towards this beautiful theory of a broader civilization, and and charcoal iron, first in the production of lumber and salt, accept less pay for more work and be content. and second in the production of copper, and third in the pro­ Michigan has a coast line of over one thousand miles border­ duction of sheep and wool. ing on the waters that separate her from the Dominion of Can­ All of these productionsare cfassed as raw material and placed ada. The climate, soil, and natural productions of Canada are on the free list by this measure. E~imilar to those of Michigan. Mr. SHERMAN. What are a farmer's raw materials? The pine in the lower peninsula is fast disappearing. Can­ Mr. A VERY. His muscle, the soil, the climate, and the rains. ada has vast forests of it lying along our borders. Much of this You ask a Michigan farmer what are the finished products of timber is owned by Michigan lumbermen, and the logs are his farm, and he will tell you they are his wheat, his wool, his towed across the lakes and channels and cut in Michigan mills barley, his beef, pork, and mutton, and that they are all the pro­ and by Michigan workingmen, and supplies are furnished by ducts of his labor, and you can no more convince him that they Michigan farmers. Take the dutyoff lumber and you surrender are raw material than you can convince the manufacturer that $1,~64:,311.73 of revenue to the Canadian lumbermen, and you his plows and thrashing machines are raw material. render it probable that many mills will be moved across the line You ask the miner of the upper peninsula what are the finished and the lumber cut by Canadian workmen, and the supplies for products of his mines, and he will tell you it is the ore he is load­ these mills and workmen will be furnished by Canadian farmers ing in to the vessels for shipment to Cleveland and Chicago. You and merchants, and the price of lumber will · not be reduced to go down into these mines and there you will see the shadowy the consumer. Just how this will benefit the workingmen and forms of men with lights upon their foreheads and picks and farmers I am unable to see. But lumber is raw material and drills in their hands, dislodging the raw material from its native must go upon the free list to enable the manufacturers to com­ bed, where it has lain for centur.ies undisturbed by the hand of pete with its products in the markets of the world. · ·· · labor. Lift this upon the surface and it becomes the finished When our mills go it is not quite certain but our salt industry product of the miner. will go with them, or will be very considerably reduced. Follow this product from the mines through all the processes Canada has good brine and it is doubtful if salt can be manu­ it p!lsses until it reaches the ·great workshops of Detroit and tured in Michigan at a profit except in connection with the man­ Pittsburg and finds form in steel rails and mighty engines that ufacture of lumber where the waste of the mills can be used as haul ~he commerce of an empire upon them, and you will find fuel to evaporate the brine, and on this article you surrender a that every time it is touched by the hand of labor it has value revenue amounting to $301,972.60, and you get nothing in re­ added to it, until in the finished product of the workshop 95 per turn. cent of its value represents labor. I have said Michigan is rich in agricultural products. Her It will be difficult to make the American miner and artisan ·manuiactories, her mining industries, her mills, and her great understand why, if this ore had been mined in a foreign country lumber camps afford a ready market for the more perishable and these rails and engines made there, they had not been · de­ products of the farm. · prived of the amount 0~ labor required to produce them. And all the free-trade theories of the free-trade theorist can Theory is all right when it agrees with the facts; when it never convince a Michigan farmer that he has not a better right does not, it is the worse for 'the theory. The universal brother· to these markets in which to dispose of his products than the good of all mankind sounds well in theory, especially when Canadian farmer across the line. He reasons this way, ''I pay uttered by the eloquent gentleman from New York [Mr. COCK· St:tte, county, school, and township tax~s; I contribut9 toward RAN]; but when one attempts to embrace the whole world in his the support of the churches and charities of my neighborhood, charities, his charity may be vaunted, but i't will neither feed I have assisted in building up of the markets. The Canadian the hungry nor clothe the naked. farmer pays no taxes, and in no way contributes one cent to thd "A free and unfettered commerce" is beautiful in theory, but support of the institutions of my State. I think I have a better well-paid labor for our workingmen brings more bread and right to these markets than he. In fact, I do not think he has comforts to t~em and their families than ihis beautiful theory. any right in our market unless he pays for it." And this bill That every article ~ade in a foreign country and sold in this invites the Canadian farmer to come with his milk, his eggs, m~st of neceEsity dtprive some American workman of the his cabbages, his green pease, his apples, his cider, his bacon, amount of work necessary to produce that article must be ap­ hams, and pork, his beef, mutton tallow, and lard, and his wool, parent to every m:1.n however dull, except a free trader. And into these markets, and compete with the Michigan farmer when Mr. COCKRAN .asks the question if the introduction into without money and without price. · this country of $250,000,000worthof goods is bad for the country, In the northern part of my district a large and profitable in­ why. would not the imnortatwn of $250,000,000 in gold be b:id, dustry has grown up in the last few years in growing vegetables the anc;wer is this, these goods represent labor performed abroad and garden seeds. . 1894. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 1217

Large warehouses have been built for storing, and drying, CHANGE OF REFERENCE. and assorting these seeds, and many farmers have engaged in this industry and many more are preparing to engage in grow­ Under clause 2 of Rule XXII, the Committee on Invalid Pen­ ing seeds, for which the cliinate and soil of their locality are sions was discharged from the-consideration of the bill (H. R. particularly adapted. 5372) granting a pension to Mrs. Jeremiah F. White, and the This measure will practically destroy that growing and profit­ same was referred to the Committee on Pensions. able industry. The market and truck gardenet·s, particularly those near our large manufacturing towns on our coast line, will be compelled to compete with Canadian raisers of fruits and PUBLIC BILLS, MEMORIALS, AND RESOLUTIONS. vegetables in our own markets. These products do not bear TJnder clause 3 of Rule XXII, bills, resolutions, and a me­ shipment for long distances, and therefore can not seek the morial of the following titles were introduced, and severally re­ "markets of the world." ferred as follows: The farmers of Michigan had at the commencement of the By Mr. CUMMINGS: A bill' (H. R. 5384) to provide for the year 1893 close upon $9 ,000,000 in vested in sheep and wool in­ enrollment and organization of naval reserve forces-to the dustry. From1890to1S93, inclusive, her annual wool clip ranged Committee on Naval Affairs. from ten to twelve million pounds annually, and her fleeces By Mr. WASHINGTON (by request): A bill (H. R. 5385) au­ averaged 6t pounds. thorizing the Secretary of the Treasury to purchase certain lots The agricultural portion of Michigan is divided into small and the building thereon, known as the Corcoran G.:>Jlery of farms, and as a rule the farmers own the farms they work. A Art, for the use of the Executive Departments of the Govern­ large proportion of these farmers own a few sheep. There are mentasahallof records-tothe Committ-ee on Public Buildings no large herds such as are found in Mon t:ma, Colorado, or Texas. and Grounds. These sheep are kept in inclosed pastul'es during the summer and By Mr. BELL of Colorado: A bill (H. R. 5386) to provide for well protected during the wint.er, thus adding materially to the the withdrawal of the discretionary power of the Secretary of cost of producing wool and mu tton in that State. the Treasury to provide for the coinage of silver, etc., and for The flocks are mostly fine wools, although in the last few the immediate relief of the Treasury-to the Committee on Coin­ years considerable interest has been taken in the raising of long age, Weights, and Measures. - wools and mutton sheep. By Mr. HAYES: A bill(H.R.5387) providing for the adjust­ In the northern portion of the lower peninsula there are large ment of accounts of laborers, workmen, and mechanics arising tracts of unimproved lands known as pine barrens or jack-pine under the eight-hour law-to the Committee on Labor. plains. Upon these plains there is found a nutritious grass By Mr. WILLIAM A. STONE: A joint resolution (H. Res. growing in tufts upon which sheep thrive and fatten. Within 117) directing-the reprint of the Medical and Surgical History of the last few years a number of farmers living near these plains the War-to the Committee on Printing. have been collecting herds of sheep and t::tking them on to these By Mr. McNAGNY: A resolution calling upon the Secretary plains and leaving them there during the summer in charge of of Agriculture for information relative to the appointment of a herder. In the winter tp.ey are driven back to the farm and certain agents-to the Committee on Expenditures in the De­ cared for as other sheep. It is estimated that 2,000,000 sheep partment of Agriculture. might at the present time be pastured upon these plains and va­ Also, a resolution calling upon the Secretary of the Interior cant lands. Of course the area of this pasturage will gradually for information regarding the appointment of certain agents­ decrease as farms are made out of these lands. But there is at to the Committee on Expenditures in the Interior Department. present, and will be for many years to come, a fine opportunity for By Mr. LATIMER: A memorial of the General Assembly of sheep-raising in that locality. . South Carolina to the Congress of the United States, in the mat­ I speak of this industry and its prospects as they were in 1892. ter of receivers of railroad corporations and the equity jurisdic­ To-day these sheep and the sheep in other portions of the tion of the courts of the United States-to the Committee on State are being sold as fast as buyers can be found at less than the Judiciary. one-half the price they would have brought in 1892. The farm­ ers in my State are getting ready for the tariff reform promised in the Democratic platform last June. They have already dis­ PRIVATE BILLS, ETC. counted its effects by the sale of their wool at free-trade prices and the slaughter of their flocks. Under clause 1 of Rule XXII, private bills of the following All these great industries of my State, together with our mag- titles were presented and referred as follows: nificentlake commerce, have been most cruelly slaughtered or By Mr. CARUTH: A bill (H. R. 53ts8) forrelief of James Me- seriously crippled by the threat contained in this bill. Laughlin-to the Committee on Military Affairs. And in behalf of all these industries. and in the name and behalf Also, a bill (H. R. 5389) for the relief of the estate of William oi the 170,000 people in my district, ineffectually though it may Nally, deceased-to the Committee on War Claims. and probably will be, I most earnestly protest against its pas- Also, a bill (H. R. 5390) granting a pension to William E. sage. - Keyes-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. But, Mr. Chairman, the resourses of Michigan are too varied By Mr. ENLOE: A bill (H. R. 5391) for the relief of J. P. and unlimited, her labor too much diversified, and the energy Glenn-to the Committee on War Claims. and enterprise of her people too great to be ruined, even by this Also, a bHl (H. R. 5392) for the relief of John Hagy-to the unfair and unjust legislation. Crippled as she will be, with all Committee on War Claims. her great industries prostrate, her people will not despair. By Mr. DURBOROW: A bill (H. R. 5393 ) to remove the They will arouse themselves in an effort to gather up the frag- charge of tlesertion against and complete the military record of · k d f t d · th · 1 b t Richard P. Gardner-to the Committee on Military Affairs. ~~;t ~~n.f th ell' wrec e or unes, an repair eir oss as es By ¥r. GOODNIGHT: A bill (H. R. 5394) for the benefit of Labor will again find employment somewhere among the va- , A~ethia and Salll ~loyd, of Bowhng Green, Ky.-to the Com- ried industries, but at reduced wages, and all will abide the mittee on vyar Claims. • • time when power will again return to the people to right the Als_o, a bill (H. R. 5395) foD 4"he. rehef of P!i-mel F. G;ann, of wrongs they have suffered. [Applause.] Bowling Green, K~.- - to. the Committee ~n Mil~ta.ry A:ffa~rs. M TALBERT of South Caroliria. I move that the commit- By Mr. HAYES. A .bill (H. R .. 5~96 ) for t~e rehef of N1eholas r. . Dunfee-to the Committee on Mrhtary Affarrs. tee, do now. rrse. " . By Mr. HOUK of Tennessee: A bil,l (H. R.5391) for relief of 'I he motiO:r;t was agree~ to. . the legal representatives of J. A. Hill, deceased-to the Com- . The commrttee ac~ordmgly rose, and Mr. BROOKSHIRE h~v- mittee on War Claims. mgresumed the cJ:alras Speakerp?·otempore,Mr. BATLEY, Charr- Also, a bill (H. R. 5398) providing for the improvement of the m~ of the Committee of the W~ole Hou~e on the state of t!te Tennessee River and certain of its tributaries in Tennessee-to Um?n, repor~d that that committee, hav:mg had un.der consid- the Committee on Rivers and Harbors. erat1on the bill(H. R. 4864) to reducetaxatwn, to provide revenue Also, a bill (H. R. 5399) for the relief of John F. Haupt, of for the. Government, and for other purposes, had come to no Knoxville, Tenn.-to the Committee on War Claims. resolutiOn thereon. . By Mr. HILBORN: A bill (H. R. 5400) for the relief of Jesse Mr. TALBERT of South Carolma. I move that the House do L. Beasley-to the Committee on Military Affairs. now adjou~n. By Mr. HOPKINS of Pennsylvania: A bill {H. R. 5401) to·re- The motiOn was agreed to. J move the charge of desertion from the military record of Bern- And accordingly (at 10 o'clock and 45 minutes p. m.), the hard Stueber-to the Committee on Military Affairs. \ House adjourned untilll o'clock a. m. to-morrow. Also, a bill (H. R. 5402) to remove the charge of desertion from XXVI-77

·.· 1218 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE. JANUARY 22, the military record of Peter Fleming, of Battery E, Third would discriminate agalnst all luxuries, beverages, etc.-to the United States Artillery-to the Committee on Military Af­ Committee on Ways and Means. fairs. By Mr. GOODNIGHT: Evidence to accompany House bill By Mr. HERMANN: A bill (H. R. 54D3) to remove the charge 3913 for relief of Sam Mclntire-to the Committee on Invalid of desertion against Thomas William Lynch, alias William Pensions. Stevens~ United States Navy-to the Committee on Military Af­ By Mr. GROSVENOR: Petition of the American Lactive Com­ fairs. pany and 6 other manutacturers of milk sugar, representing By Mr. LACEY: A bill (H. R. 5404) granting relief to Albert all the principal makers of the product, protesting against the A~gustine for property taken during the Cayuse war-to the destruction of their industry by the Wilson bill-to the Commit­ Committee on Claims. tee on Ways and Means. Also, a bill (H. R. 5405) for the relief of John F. Foster, late Also, petition of 25 farmers of Carthage Township,. A.thens Company C, Eighth Iowa Ca.valry~to the Committee on Invalid County, Ohio, against the passage of the so-called Wilson tariff. Pensions. bill-to the Committee on Ways and Means. By Mr. RITGHJE: A bill (H. R. 5406) for the relief of the Gen­ Also, petition of 67 farmers, mechanics, and laboring men of dron Iron Wheel Company, of Toledo1 Ohio-to the Committee Lebanon Township, Meigs County, Oliio~ against the passage of on Claims. the so-called Wilson tariff bill-to the Committee on Ways and Means. · PETITIONS, ETC. By Mr. GROUT: Petition of J. F. Alexander and 39 others, employes of Alexander;Smith & Co., Saxtons River, Vt., against Under clause 1 of Rule XXII, the following petitions and papers the passage of the Wilson tariff bill-to the Committee on Ways were laid on the Clerk's desk, and refe-rred as follows: and Means. By Mr. BAKER of New Hampshire: Petition of 62 citizens of Also, protest of the Pacific Pine Lumber Company, of San Co-lebrook, Columbia, Stewartstown, N.H., and vicinity, pro­ Francisco, Cal., against the passage of the Wilson tariff bill­ testing against the Wilson bill as calculated to impoverish onr to the Committee on Ways and Means. eountry, lessen employment, reduce wages and earningsrandde-­ By Mr. HARMER: Memorial of. the employes o:f the Hero crease our purchasing power-to thu Committee on Ways and Fruit Jar Company, Philadelphia, Pa., protesting against the Means. reduction of duties on glass battles-to the Committee on Ways By Mr. BOUTELLE: Memorial of the Sixty-sixth Legislature and Means. of Maine to the Congress of the United States-, for an appropria­ By Mr. HAUGEN: Petition of J. H. Englesby and 13 other tion toward the construction of a bridg-e across the St. John River citizens of Buffalo Catmty, Wis., against the reduction of duty at Fm·t Kent, Me.-to the Committee on Inte1·state and Foreign on barley proposed i1i: the Wilson bill, and against ad valorem Commerce. duties-to the Committee on Ways and Means. By Mr. BUNDY: Petition of-Lot Davies and 57 others, citi­ By Mr. HAYES: Petition of citizens of Scott County, Iowa, zens of Jefferson Furnace, Jackson County, Ohior protesting againet any reduction of duty on barley-to the Committee on against the passage of the sa-called wnson tariff bill-to the Ways and Means. · Committee on Ways and Means. By Mr. HEPBURN: Petition of Geo-rge W. Wyckoff and Also, petition of Isaac Goodman and 55· others, citizens of other citizens of Iowa, asking for the enactment of a general Washington Township, Lawrence Coanty, Ohio, protesting service pension law~to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. against the passage of the so-calle-d Wilson tariff bill-to the Also, petition of J. W. Shaw and other citizens of Iowa, ask­ Committee on Ways and Means. ing the enactment of a law requiring the restoration to the pen­ Also, memorial of William Lewis and 9 other Union soldiers sion rolls of. all properly pensioned soldiers who have been sus­ of the late war, of Vinton, Gallic County, Ohio1 praying for a pended from the rolls prior to the filing of any charge of fraud­ thorough investigation of the present administration of the Pen­ to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. sion Bureau-to he Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. JOHNSON of Indiana; Petition of J. N. S. Council Also, petition of Eli Hattermanand22othercitizensof Marion No. 931, R. A., of Richmond, Ind., for the passage of the Man­ T.ownship, Pike County, Ohio, against the passage of the Wilson derson-Hamer bill (S. 1353; H. R. 4897)-to the Committee an tariff bill, Republicans and Democrats, mechanics and profes­ the Po&t-Office and Post-Roads. sional men-to the Committee on Ways and Means. By Mr-. LACEY: Petition o! S. G. Finney, of Blakesburg, Iowa, By Mr. BURROWS: Remonstrance of the woolgrowers of for a one-cent letter postage-to the Committee on the Post­ Wru3hington, Pa., and Ohio COU1lty, W.Va., against free wool­ Office and Post-Hoads. to the Committee on Ways and Means. Also, petition of T.K. Clarkson, of Newton, Iowa, for one-cent . By Mr. CARUTH: Petition of M. H. Smith, president of the le-tter postage-to the Committee on the Post-Office and Post­ Louisville and Nashville Railroad, favoring the passage of Ho,use Roads. bill 3188, entitled "A bill fm.. the pnfiishment of R-ain-wreck­ Also,. resulution of the Typogra-phical Uniont of Sioux City, ing "-to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. Iowa., against placing scientific publications on the free list-to By Mr. CLARK of Missou1~: Petition of Urban Weimer and the Committee on Ways and Means. others, for a uniform rate of duty on all unstemmbd leaf tobacco­ Also, petition of E. A. Goodwin and others, of Jasper County, to the Committee on Ways and Means. Iowa agaiJ:tst wrongful suspension of pensions-to the Com­ Also, petition of Birkhead Bros., for 1-cent postag·e-to the mittee on Invalid Pensions. Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. Also, petition of G.M. Buchanan and others, of Jasper County, By Mr. COGSWELL: Petition of Aaron Parsons and others, Iowa, for service pension-to the Committee on Invalid Pen­ of Gloucester, Mass., for legislation to admit as second-class mat­ sions. ter publications of benevolent and fraternal sooieties-~o the Also, petition of John G. Watson and•others, of Jasper County, Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. Iowa, against wrongful suspension of pensions-to the Commit­ By Mr. DALZELL: Resolution of Local Union, No. 4S, Ameri­ tee on Invalid Pensions. can Flint Glass Workers' Union, against the pass::tge of the Wil­ Also, petition of John G. Watson and others, of Jasper Connty, son tariff bill-to the Committee on Ways and Means. Iowa, for service pensions-;-to the Committee on Invalid Pen­ Also, petition of employes of the 1\1arvin Bakery, of Pittsburg, sions. Pa., against the passage of the Wilson tariff bill-to the Com­ Also, papera in support of granting relief to Albert Augustine, mittee on Ways and Means. for property taken for the Cayuse war-to the Committee on By Mr. DRAPER: Petition of 2,500 employes of the Pacific Claims. · Mills, Lawrence, Mass, protesting against the passage of the Also, evidence for relief of Lewis Stanley-to the Committee Wilson tariff bill-to the Committee on Warys and MeanSr on Military Affairs. - Also, petition of the Hopedale Machine Company and others, By Mr. LUCAS: Petition of J. V. De Witt and 50 others at of Hopedale, Mass., protesting against the passage of the Wil­ Rapid City, S.Dak., against the passage o! the Wilson bill-to son hriff bill-to the Committee on Ways and Me:1ns. the Committee on Ways and Me:ms. By Mr. DURBORO.W: Petition of masters, officers, and sea­ By Mr. McNAGNY: Petition of Hallister & Son, and 3 men on crafts plying the Great Lg,kes, and citizens of Chicago, others of Fort Wayne, Ind., praying for reduction of duty on against the placing of iron ore on the free list-to the Commit­ unstemmed leaf tobacco-to the Committee on Ways and Means. tee on Ways and Means. Also, petition of Dwight B. Lewis and others, of Salem County, By Mr. ELLIS of Oregon: Petition of 39 voters of Sherman Ind., protesting against the pa sage of the Wilson tariff bill-to County, Oregon, protesting against t,he passage of the Wi1son the Committee on Ways and Means. bill-to the Committee on Ways and Means. By Mr. MERCER: Two petitions of citizens of Omaha, Nebr., By Mr. FITHIAN: Petition of Uptmor & Siemer, of Teutopo­ for a reduction of letter postage-to the Committee on the Postr lis, Ill., praying for an amendment to the Wilson bill which Office and Post--Roads. .

1894. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 1219

By Mr. MORSE: Petition by Business Men's Association of UNITED STATES CONVICTS IN UTAH. Glou cester~ Mass., prayingfor the immediate completion of the SandyBaybreakwaterand harbor of refuge, CapeAnn.)Mass.­ The VICE-PRESIDEN'l, laid before the Senate a communica­ to the Committee on Rivers and Harbors. tion from the Secretary of the Treasury, transmitting, in re­ Also, petition of 1,309 citizens of Taunton! Mass.) against the sponse to a resolution of the 16th instant, a statement prepared pass1ge of the Wilson tariff bill-to the Committee on Ways and by the First Comptroller of the Treasury) stating the amount Means. due to the United States from the Territory of Utah on account Bv Mr. POWERS: Remonstrance of 195 employes of Holden, of costs and expenses of prosecutions for offenses against laws of Leona,rd & Co.) manufacturers of fine wool dress fabrics, of Ben­ the Territorial Legislature of Utah required to be paid by the nington, Vt., against the passage of the Wilson tariff bill-to the treasury of that Territory under the act of J.une 23, 1874; which, Committee on Ways and Means. with the accompanying paper, was referred to the Committee By Mr.RITC!llE: Petition of membersof Toledo(Ohio) Medi­ on Appropriations, and ordered to be printed. cal Association, favoring passage of bill to establish bureau of PETITIONS AND MEMORIALS. public health-to the Committee on Interstate and- Foreign Mr. TURPIE presented memorials of sundry citiz·ens of An- Commerce. 9.erson and Gas City, Ind., remonstrating against a reduction of Also, petition of Harris Toy Company, Toledo, Ohio, and em­ the duty on green and flint glass bottles; which were referred to ploves, protesting against passage of Wilson bill-to the Com­ the Committee on Finance. mi £tee on Ways and Means. He also presented a memorial of Cigar Makers' Union, No. 54, By Mr. SCRANTON: Resolutions of the Philadelphia Board of Evansville, Ind., remonstrating against any change in the of Trade, urging the defeat of the Wilson bill-to the Commit­ duty on cigars; which was referred to theCommitteeon Finance. tee on Ways and MeanB. He also presented the petition of Mrs. Rhoda Talkington) of Also, petition of Gainey, Brown & Co., Charles Cordier, and Forest, Ind., praying for the reissuance of her pension as the others, of Scranton, Pa., against reduction of tariff on leaf to­ widow of John C. Parr, late Company I, Eighteenth Regiment bacco-to the Committee on Ways and Means. Indiana Volunteer Infantry; which was referred to the Commit­ Also, petition of J.D. Clark, P.A. Grebe) and others, of Scran­ tee on Pensions. ton, Pa.) against reduction of duty on leaf tobacco-to the Com­ He also presented the petition of Mrs. Amelia M. Grobe, of mittee on Ways and Means. Indianapolis, Ind., praying that she be granted a pension; which Also, petition of Association No.1 of Lithographers' Interna­ was referred to the Committee on Pensions. tional Association, New York, asking that specific duties be Mr. LODGE. I present the memorial of Alexander H. Dick made on lithogr-a.phic goods in lieu of ad valorem-to the Com- and 196 other employes of the Smith and Dove Manufacturing mittee on Ways and Means. · Company of Andover, Mass., remonstrating against the passage By Mr. SPERRY: Petition of overseers and operatives, 492 of the Wilson tariff bill. The memorial is in the form of a res­ in number, in the Grosvenor Dale Company Mills, protesting olution passed at a meeting of the operatives of the company against the passage of the Wilson bill-to the Committee on andisaccompaniedbyastatementthatowingtothefactthatthere Ways and Means. has been so little work there many have left the town and, By Mr. THOMAS: Petition of A. L. Rockwell, E. M. Brown, therefore, the signatures are not so numerous as they otherwise C. F. Rockwell, P. B. ~~aster, and 21 other citizens of Trow­ would have been. I move that the memorial be referred to the bridge, Allegan County, Mich., asking for the defeatof the Wil­ Committee on E1inance. son bill-to the Committee on Ways and Means. The motion was agreed to. . By Mr. UPDEGRAFF: Petition of A. J. Marchant and 21 Mr. LODGE presented the petition of Charles V. Thronig, other honorably discharged Union soldiers, for the enactment president, and 10 other members of the faculty of Adelbert Col­ of a just and equitable service-pension law-to the Committee on lege, Cleveland Ohio, praying for the rem'oval of all duties on Invalid Pensions. scientific and philosophical apparatus whose chief use is for in­ Also, petition of Alex. McElroy, and 219 other honorably dis­ struction or research; which was referred to the Committee on charged Union soldiers, for the enactment of laws against the Finance. suspensions of pension except after proof of'lfraud and notice to Mr. BUTLER. I present a concurrent resolution passed by pensioner, and compelling the restoration of pensioners other· the General Assembly of the State of South Carolina, at its reg­ wise suspended-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. ular session of 1893, favoring the passage by Congress of Senate Also, petition of Herman Ihm and 38 othersi farmers and deal­ billll36, having for its object the Governmental control of the ers in barley, against any reduction of existingduty,andagainst telegraph servic~ of the United States. I move that the reso­ an advalorem rate-to the Committee on Ways and Means. lution be referred to the Committee on Post-Offices and Post- By Mr. WALKER: Petition of 261 workers in the card cloth­ Roads. · ing industry in the Third Congressional district of Massachu­ The motion wa,g agreed to. setts, protesting against the passage· of the Wilson bill as ruin­ Mr. MITCHELL of Oregon presented resolutions adopted at ous to that industry-to the Committee on Ways and M~ns. a meeting of the Chamber of Commerce of Astoria, Oregon, Also, petition oi employes of Slater Woolen Company, Web­ praying that Chapter 190 of the Revised Statutes of the United ster, Mass., protesting against the passage of the Wilson bill­ States be so amended as to extend to the city of Astoria in that to the Committee on Wavs and Means. State all the privileges of .said chapter that have been granted ' By Mr. WILLIAMS of illinois: Letter in claim of William Nix from time to time to other cities falling within its provisions; toaccompany House bill5383-to the Committee on War Claims. ­ which were referred to the Committee on Commerce. Also, letter for an increase of pension to John Oliver, t.Qac­ He also presented a petition of the Chamber of Commerce of company ~ouse bill '5382-to the Committte on Invalid Pen­ Astoria, Oregon, praying that a well-equipped quarantine station sions. be established at some suitable point on. the Columbia River; By Mr. WILSON of Ohio~ Petition of J . .K. Funderbury and which was referred to the Committee on Epidemic Diseases. 28 others of Clark County, Ohio, against t.he passage of the Wil­ Mr. GORMAN presented the petition of Mrs. Mary B. Hu­ . son bill-to the Committee on Ways and Means. lings, of Rockville, Md., praying Congress to recognize her as Also, petition of E. C. Miller and 12 others, against the pas­ the widow of Thomas M. Hulings, late major Forty-ninth sage of the Wilsop. tariff bill-to the Committee on Ways and Pennsylvania Volunteers, and to place her name on the pension Means. roll as such; which was referred to the Committee on Pensions. Mr. WASHBURN pl'esented resolutions adopted by the Cham­ ber of Commerce of Duluth, Minn., indorsing resolutions adopted by the Duluth (Minn.) Stock Exchange, favoring the SENATE. retention of the existing tariff on iron ore; which were referred to the Committee on Finance. TUESDAY, January 23, 1894. Mr. HALE presented petitions of employes of the Foxcroft (Me.) WoolenMills, and the North Berwick (Me.) WoolenMills, Prayer by the Chaplain, Rev. W. H. MILBURN, D. D. remonstrating against the passage of the Wilson tariff bill; TheJournalof yesterday's proceedings was read and approved. which were referred to the Committee on Finance. :MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE. He also presented a memorial o.f miners of lead ore in North­ western Missouri and Southeastern Kansas, remonstrating A message from the House of Representatives~ by Mr. T. 0. against placing iron ore on the free list; which was referred to TOWLES, its Chief Clerk, announced that the House had agreed the Committee on Finance. to the amendment of the Senate to the bill (H.R. 4292) fu amend He also presented a petition of the Portland (Me.) Typograph­ section 3709 of the Revised Statutes, relating to contracts for ical Union, No. 66, praying for the Governmental control of the supplies in the Departments at Washington, with an amendment; telegraph service; which was referred to the Committee on in_which it requested the concurrence of the Senate. Post-Offices and Post-Roads.