Centralized National Risk Assessment for Hungary FSC-CNRA-HU V1-0 EN FSC-CNRA-HU V1-0 CENTRALIZED NATIONAL RISK ASSESSMENT FOR HUNGARY 2019 – 1 of 125 – Title: Centralized National Risk Assessment for Hungary Document reference FSC-CNRA-HU V1-0 EN code: Approval body: FSC International Center: Performance and Standards Unit Date of approval: 16 April 2019 Contact for comments: FSC International Center - Performance and Standards Unit - Adenauerallee 134 53113 Bonn, Germany +49-(0)228-36766-0 +49-(0)228-36766-30 [email protected] © 2019 Forest Stewardship Council, A.C. All rights reserved. No part of this work covered by the publisher’s copyright may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means (graphic, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, recording taping, or information retrieval systems) without the written permission of the publisher. Printed copies of this document are for reference only. Please refer to the electronic copy on the FSC website (ic.fsc.org) to ensure you are referring to the latest version. The Forest Stewardship Council® (FSC) is an independent, not for profit, non- government organization established to support environmentally appropriate, socially beneficial, and economically viable management of the world’s forests. FSC’s vision is that the world’s forests meet the social, ecological, and economic rights and needs of the present generation without compromising those of future generations. FSC-CNRA-HU V1-0 CENTRALIZED NATIONAL RISK ASSESSMENT FOR HUNGARY 2019 – 2 of 125 – Contents Risk assessments that have been finalized for Hungary ............................................ 4 Risk designations in finalized risk assessments for Hungary ..................................... 5 Risk assessments ..................................................................................................... 6 Controlled wood category 1: Illegally harvested wood ........................................... 6 Overview ........................................................................................................... 6 Sources of legal timber in Republic of Hungary ................................................. 9 Risk assessment ............................................................................................. 12 Recommended control measures .................................................................... 55 Controlled wood category 2: Wood harvested in violation of traditional and human rights ................................................................................................................... 57 Risk assessment ............................................................................................. 57 Recommended control measures .................................................................... 58 Detailed analysis ............................................................................................. 58 Controlled wood category 3: Wood from forests in which high conservation values are threatened by management activities ............................................................ 84 Overview ......................................................................................................... 84 Experts consulted ............................................................................................ 93 Risk assessment ............................................................................................. 93 Recommended control measures .................................................................. 109 Information sources ....................................................................................... 109 Controlled wood category 4: Wood from forests being converted to plantations or non-forest use ................................................................................................... 114 Risk assessment ........................................................................................... 114 Recommended control measures .................................................................. 119 Controlled wood category 5: Wood from forests in which genetically modified trees are planted ........................................................................................................ 120 Risk assessment ........................................................................................... 120 Recommended control measures .................................................................. 125 FSC-CNRA-HU V1-0 CENTRALIZED NATIONAL RISK ASSESSMENT FOR HUNGARY 2019 – 3 of 125 – Risk assessments that have been finalized for Hungary Risk assessment Controlled Wood categories completed? 1 Illegally harvested wood YES 2 Wood harvested in violation of traditional and human rights YES Wood from forests where high conservation values are 3 YES threatened by management activities Wood from forests being converted to plantations or non-forest 4 YES use Wood from forests in which genetically modified trees are 5 YES planted FSC-CNRA-HU V1-0 CENTRALIZED NATIONAL RISK ASSESSMENT FOR HUNGARY 2019 – 4 of 125 – Risk designations in finalized risk assessments for Hungary Indicator Risk designation (including functional scale when relevant) Controlled wood category 1: Illegally harvested wood 1.1 Low risk 1.2 NA 1.3 Low risk 1.4 Specified risk 1.5 NA 1.6 Low risk 1.7 Low risk 1.8 Low risk 1.9 Low risk 1.10 Specified risk 1.11 Specified risk 1.12 Specified risk 1.13 Low risk 1.14 NA 1.15 NA 1.16 Low risk 1.17 Low risk 1.18 Low risk 1.19 Low risk 1.20 Low risk 1.21 Low risk Controlled wood category 2: Wood harvested in violation of traditional and human rights 2.1 Low risk 2.2 Low risk 2.3 Low risk Controlled wood category 3: Wood from forests where high conservation values are threatened by management activities 3.0 Low risk 3.1 Low risk 3.2 Low risk 3.3 Low risk 3.4 Low risk 3.5 Low risk 3.6 Low risk Controlled wood category 4: Wood from forests being converted to plantations or non-forest use 4.1 Low risk Controlled wood category 5: Wood from forests in which genetically modified trees are planted 5.1 Low risk FSC-CNRA-HU V1-0 CENTRALIZED NATIONAL RISK ASSESSMENT FOR HUNGARY 2019 – 5 of 125 – Risk assessments Controlled wood category 1: Illegally harvested wood Overview Forest history and current objectives Hungary boasts one of the most elaborate and longstanding traditions regarding sustainable forest management of any country in the world. In addition, to complex current legal and regulatory frameworks, the sustainable culture is rooted in history. Some developments in the last decade are: • 2004. Joined the EU and start complying with EU legislations. • 2006-2015 The last decades brought extraordinary political and legal changes in Hungary, including the accession to the EU. The major result of the international forest policy developments in Hungary was definitely the set-up of the National Forest Programme (NFP) for the period 2006-2015. The NFP embraced ten main goals such as nature protection in forest, development of state and private forest management, or the modern forms of forest protection. • 2009. One main aim of the Act Nr. XXXVII of 2009 is to drive forests closer to their natural conditions. On one hand, the act defines ‘quantitative naturalness’ and prescribes that it should not decrease due to management activities. On the other hand, it prescribes continuous cover forestry methods on a predetermined area of state-owned forests. Furthermore, it enables NGOs’ contribution in forest management planning. • 2010. Forest administration becomes the responsibility of the Forestry Directorate of National Food Chain Safety Office (coordinating and supervisory organ) and under its supervision, the ten Forestry Directorates of the County Government Offices. Legal predecessors were the Forestry Directorates of the Central and the County Agricultural Offices between 2007 and 2010, and the State Forest Service before 2007. • 2015. The majority of the forests, more than 1 million ha, are owned by the state and managed by 22 state forest companies, of which 19 are now under the control of the Hungarian National Asset Management Company. The 3 remaining are managed by the ministry of defence. Most of the 22 companies were raised between 1965-1970. • 2016. Hungary adopts the: “National Forest Strategy 2016-2030” (NFS). This is the follow up of the 2006-2015 NFP (see above). The NFS objectives concentrate on: o Development of state forest management o Development of private forest management o Rural and regional development, afforestation, conservation of forests o Nature protection in forest o Modern forest protection o Sustainable game management o Rational wood utilization FSC-CNRA-HU V1-0 CENTRALIZED NATIONAL RISK ASSESSMENT FOR HUNGARY 2019 – 6 of 125 – o Tasks of the forest administration o Research, education and production development o Efficient communication about the forest to improve man-forest relations Thus, the NFS remains the high political commitment for sustainable forest management and addresses current challenges: ensuring the conservation and enrichment of the forest, reducing of the impacts of climate change and considering the impact of natural factors and human interventions on forest ecosystems and habitats. The NFS also takes into account an increasing social support for efforts to promote nature conservation in forests and the extension of close-to-nature forest management. Hungary’s vision for the forest is called ‘Close-to-Nature Forest Management’. Systems ensuring