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Reforesting for the Climate of Tomorrow Recommendations for Strengthening Orangutan Conservation and Climate Change Resilience in Kutai National Park, Indonesia

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Reforesting for the Climate of Tomorrow Recommendations for Strengthening Orangutan Conservation and Climate Change Resilience in Kutai National Park, Indonesia Reforesting for the climate of tomorrow Recommendations for strengthening orangutan conservation and climate change resilience in Kutai National Park, Indonesia Alan Tristram Kenneth Lee, Jamie Anthony Carr, Busran Ahmad, Arbainsyah, Agnes Ferisa, Yophi Handoko, Rudi Harsono, Laura Graham, Lita Kabangnga, Nur Patria Kurniawan, Paul Joseph Antonius Keßler, Purwo Kuncoro, Dinda Prayunita, Aldrianto Priadjati, Edy Purwanto, Anne Russon, Douglas Sheil, Nurul Sylva, Agus Wahyudi, Wendy Foden About IUCN IUCN is a membership Union uniquely composed of both government and civil society organisations. It provides public, private and non-governmental organisations with the knowledge and tools that enable human progress, economic development and nature conservation to take place together. Created in 1948, IUCN is now the world’s largest and most diverse environmental network, harnessing the knowledge, resources and reach of more than 1,300 Member organisations and some 13,000 experts. It is a leading provider of conservation data, assessments and analysis. Its broad membership enables IUCN to fill the role of incubator and trusted repository of best practices, tools and international standards. IUCN provides a neutral space in which diverse stakeholders including governments, NGOs, scientists, businesses, local communities, indigenous peoples organisations and others can work together to forge and implement solutions to environmental challenges and achieve sustainable development. Working with many partners and supporters, IUCN implements a large and diverse portfolio of conservation projects worldwide. Combining the latest science with the traditional knowledge of local communities, these projects work to reverse habitat loss, restore ecosystems and improve people’s well-being. www.iucn.org twitter.com/IUCN Reforesting for the climate of tomorrow Recommendations for strengthening orangutan conservation and climate change resilience in Kutai National Park, Indonesia Produced with support from Reforesting for the climate of tomorrow Recommendations for strengthening orangutan conservation and climate change resilience in Kutai National Park, Indonesia Alan Tristram Kenneth Lee, Jamie Anthony Carr, Busran Ahmad, Arbainsyah, Agnes Ferisa, Yophi Handoko, Rudi Harsono, Laura Graham, Lita Kabangnga, Nur Patria Kurniawan, Paul Joseph Antonius Keßler, Purwo Kuncoro, Dinda Prayunita, Aldrianto Priadjati, Edy Purwanto, Anne Russon, Douglas Sheil, Nurul Sylva, Agus Wahyudi, Wendy Foden The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN or other participating organisations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of IUCN or other participating organisations. This publication has been made possible in part by funding from Indianapolis Zoo. Published by: IUCN, Cambridge, UK and Gland, Switzerland Copyright: © 2019 IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorised without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission of the copyright holder. Citation: Lee, A.T.K., Carr, J.A., Ahmad, B., Arbainsyah, Ferisa, A., Handoko, Y., Harsono, R., Graham, L.L.B., Kabangnga, L., Kurniawan, N.P, Keßler, P.J.A., Kuncoro, P., Prayunita, D., Priadiati, A., Purwanto, E., Russon, A.E., Sheil, D., Sylva, N., Wahyudi, A. and Foden, W.B (2019). Reforesting for the climate of tomorrow: Recommendations for strengthening orangutan conservation and climate change resilience in Kutai National Park, Indonesia. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. viii + 70pp. Photos: Cover photo © Ramdan Nain - iStock/Getty Images Photo on pages 4-5: © Purwo Kuncoro - OK project Photo on pages 16-17: © Muhammad Fajri - iStock/Getty Images Photo on page 46: Wendy Foden All other photos: Alan Lee Layout by: Justin de Beer Available from: IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature The IUCN Species Survival Commission’s Climate Change Specialist Group and the IUCN Global Species Programme Rue Mauverney 28, 1196 Gland, Switzerland Tel +41 22 999 0000, Fax +41 22 999 0002 www.iucn.org/resources/publications Contents Acknowledgements ..........................................................................................................................................................vi Executive summary ........................................................................................................................................................vii Introduction .....................................................................................................................................................................1 Study objective ...........................................................................................................................................................2 Kutai National Park ....................................................................................................................................................2 Orangutan ..................................................................................................................................................................4 Box 1: Orangutan Kutai Project ..............................................................................................................................8 Box 2: IUCN conservation status assessment of Northeast Bornean Orangutan ..........................................................9 Threats to the forests in and around Kutai National Park ................................................................................................10 Overview: threats to Borneo’s rainforests ...................................................................................................................10 Climate change .........................................................................................................................................................12 Fire ...........................................................................................................................................................................17 Droughts ..................................................................................................................................................................18 Invasive plant species ................................................................................................................................................18 Roads, settlers and encroachment .............................................................................................................................19 Mining .....................................................................................................................................................................19 Oil-palm industry .....................................................................................................................................................22 Reforestation / Restoration .............................................................................................................................................24 Techniques for forest restoration ...............................................................................................................................24 Box 3: Restoration case study 1 - Mawas peat forests of Central Kalimantan .............................................................26 Box 4: Restoration case study 2 - Samboja Lestari ...................................................................................................28 Restoration activities in Kutai National Park .............................................................................................................29 Which species should be used for forest restoration in Kutai National Park? ...................................................................30 Which tree and plant species occur in Kutai National Park? ......................................................................................30 Selection process of plant species for the climate change vulnerability assessment .....................................................30 A trait-based climate change vulnerability analysis: methods and rationale ................................................................36 Which tree species are fire-resilient? ..........................................................................................................................46 Recommendations for orangutan reforestation projects.............................................................................................46 Caveats, next steps and future project directions ......................................................................................................47 Summary of concerns and suggested ways forward emerging from the followup workshop .......................................48 Other priorities .........................................................................................................................................................48 References ......................................................................................................................................................................50
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