Introduction to ESD
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ESD) • Styrofoam Cups Safety Guidelines 3
common materials, often found in business and laboratory environments, are all sources of static electricity: • common plastic bags • common types of mending and packing tape • paperwork • common untreated plastic materials Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) • styrofoam cups Safety Guidelines 3. Types of ESD Damage Copyright © 2007 Dialogic Corporation. All rights reserved. Static damage to components can take the form of upset failures or catastrophic failures. 1. Introduction Upset Failure Electrostatic Discharge, or ESD, is defined as the transfer of charge between bodies at different electrical potentials. Upset failures occur when an electrostatic discharge has caused a current flow that is not significant enough to cause total failure, but in use may intermittently If you scuff your feet as you walk across a carpet, electrons move from the result in gate leakage causing software malfunction or incorrect storage of carpet to you, leaving you with excess electrons. Touch a door knob and ZAP! information. The electrons move from you to the knob. You get a shock, at a minimum of 3,000 volts (the threshold of human feeling)! Catastrophic Failure The kind of ESD shock you feel may also be responsible for damaging electronic components in many computers and telecommunications systems. Catastrophic failures can be direct or latent. While it takes an electrostatic discharge of 3,000 volts for you to feel a shock, Direct catastrophic failures occur when a component is damaged to the point much smaller charges, well below the threshold of human sensation, can and where it no longer functions correctly. This is the easiest type of ESD damage often do damage semiconductor devices. -
Dissipative Etfe Dielectric Polymer Helps Control Electrostatic Discharge in Wires and Cables
DISSIPATIVE ETFE DIELECTRIC POLYMER HELPS CONTROL ELECTROSTATIC DISCHARGE IN WIRES AND CABLES. by: Chris Yun, Principal Engineer of Aerospace, Defense and Marine, TE Connectivity Recent tests by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and when electrically dissimilar materials rub together. But in wires and Goddard Space Flight Center show that new nano-carbon cross- cables used in spacecraFt, a static charge can be created by the linked ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) helps controls impact of charged particles on the material. Space is filled with electrostatic discharge (ESD) in wires and cables used on charged particles that can induce a charge in materials. Satellites spacecraft. in geosynchronous orbits and deep space missions are particularly susceptible because oF higher charge density in GEO and deep Controlling static electricity in electrical interconnection systems is space. essential in spacecraft where ESD events can damage electronics and scuttle the mission. The use of high resistivity dielectric materials and electrically separated surFaces in conjunction with the connected conducting In fact, it has been reported that 54% of spacecraft surFaces oF the spacecraFt Frame promote various forms of anomalies/Failures are caused by electrostatic discharging and spacecraFt charging.3 When the charge builds up in wire and cable charging. 1 For example in April 2010, the Galaxy 15 of electrical interconnection systems, a sudden discharge can telecommunications satellite wandered from its geosynchronous damage connected logic circuits, electronic instruments, and orbit. Reports in space technology literature suggested that computer chips. spacecraFt charging caused the anomaly. Fortunately, a workaround allowed the mission to continue. Worse oFF was the Discharge voltage levels vary widely. -
Lead-Acid Starter Batteries in Systems Usage Information
Batteries Association ZVEI information leaflet No. 28e Edition October 2017 Lead-acid starter batteries in systems Usage information Preliminary note: This information leaflet aims to help to choose batteries and develop design solutions and operating manuals by providing general information on the usage of lead-acid batteries in vehicles, which extend beyond the relevant standard specifications. This information serves as a recommendation only, and not as a substitute for the battery user’s responsibility to make appropriate decisions. By pooling all gained experience to date, however, it should make the decision easier. Contents 1. General .............................................................................................................................................. 2 2. Mechanical loads.............................................................................................................................. 2 2.1. Battery installation................................................................................................................. 2 2.2. Vibration stress...................................................................................................................... 3 3. Thermal stress..................................................................................................................................3 3.1. Battery temperatures............................................................................................................. 4 3.2. Possible measures regarding thermal loading -
Simple, Compact Source for Low-Temperature Air Plasmas
University of South Carolina Scholar Commons Faculty Publications Biological Sciences, Department of 7-25-2002 Simple, Compact Source for Low-Temperature Air Plasmas D. P. Sheehan University of San Diego J. Lawson University of San Diego M. Sosa University of San Diego Richard A. Long University of South Carolina - Columbia, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/biol_facpub Part of the Biology Commons Publication Info Review of Scientific Instruments, Volume 73, Issue 8, 2002, pages 3128-3130. © Review of Scientific Instruments 2002, The American Institute of Physics. This Article is brought to you by the Biological Sciences, Department of at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS VOLUME 73, NUMBER 8 AUGUST 2002 Simple, compact source for low-temperature air plasmas D. P. Sheehan,a) J. Lawson, and M. Sosa Physics Department, University of San Diego, San Diego, California 92110 R. A. Long Scripps Institute of Oceanography, UCSD, La Jolla, California ͑Received 14 August 2001; accepted for publication 8 May 2002͒ A simple, compact source of low-temperature, spatially and temporally uniform air plasma using a Telsa induction coil driver is described. The low-power ionization discharge plasma is localized (2 cmϫ0.5 cmϫ0.1 cm) and essentially free of arc channels. A Teflon coated rolling cylindrical electrode and dielectric coated ground plate are essential to the source’s operation and allow flat test samples to be readily exposed to the plasma. -
Feasibility Study on the Use of Fast Camera and Recording in Time-Domain to Characterize ESD
MATEC Web of Conferences 247, 00028 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824700028 FESE 2018 Feasibility study on the use of fast camera and recording in time-domain to characterize ESD Szymon Ptak1,*, Albert Smalcerz1, Piotr Ostrowski1 1Central Institute for Labour Protection – National Research Institute, 16 Czerniakowska St., 00-701 Warsaw, Poland Abstract. Fire and explosion protection in industrial conditions requires multidimensional approach. Usually the risk of hazardous zone creation is unavoidable, if the combustible material is processed. Therefore controlling of potential ignition sources is introduced. One of most popular sources of ignition is electrostatic discharge. Depending on the type of the discharge, as well as on exact discharge conditions, energy released might reach hundreds or even thousands of mJ, being able to ignite most of gaseous or dust-air hazardous mixtures. A dedicated methodology was created to record the discharge with fast camera with maximum speed of 1M fps and with the oscilloscope up to 25 GS/s. Dedicated test stand allows to obtain high voltage to create the conditions for electrostatic discharge. The aim of presented research was to analyze the course of electrostatic spark discharge in laboratory conditions and to place the outcomes in the context of explosion safety in the industrial conditions. The course of electrostatic discharge is dependent on various conditions: the polarity, distance between the electrodes, shape of electrodes, grounding conditions, etc. Understanding of the phenomenon is crucial from the point of view of explosion safety. 1 Introduction In every industrial process the safety of people, equipment and environment must be ensured. Despite the safety of the process itself, the risk of fire and/or explosion should be always taken into consideration. -
Characterization of Methods for Surface Charge Removal for the Reduction of Electrostatic Discharge Events in Explosive Environments
Proc. 2017 Annual Meeting of the Electrostatics of America 1 Characterization of methods for surface charge removal for the reduction of electrostatic discharge events in explosive environments K. Nusrat Islam, Mark Gilmore Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87110 phone: (1) 505-277-2579 e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Abstract—Electrostatic discharge (ESD) from charged dielectric materials used within ex- plosive environments presents a significant hazard. To investigate dielectric surface charging, and methods of removing the charge, in detail and in a controlled way, a test stand has been built and utilized to study the behavior of several common dielectric materials used in such environments. A corona discharge source of the type used in electrostatic printing technology has been employed at normal laboratory temperatures and at low and high relative humidity in a controlled manner. Materials tested included black Kapton, yellow Kapton, Lexan, Del- rin, and Adiprene with surface potentials (Vdiel) ranging from -1 kV to -15 kV. Uniform charg- ing and discharging of individual dielectric samples of varying thickness has been observed, as characterized by spatial scans of the surface potential at low voltages such as -1 kV to -4 kV. At higher charging voltages, the surface potential is found to decay or increase with time in complex ways, showing a dependence on the magnitude of the surface potential (Vdiel), as well as two characteristic time constants d (τ1, τ2) in some cases. The initial decay of Vdiel (d) is rapid, while the subsequent decay of surface potential is much slower. -
Pre-Breakdown Arcing and Electrostatic Discharge in Dielectrics Under High DC Electric Field Stress
Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU Conference Proceedings Materials Physics 10-19-2014 Pre-breakdown Arcing and Electrostatic Discharge in Dielectrics under High DC Electric Field Stress Allen Andersen Utah State University JR Dennison Utah State Univesity Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/mp_conf Part of the Condensed Matter Physics Commons Recommended Citation Allen Andersen and JR Dennison, “Pre-breakdown Arcing and Electrostatic Discharge in Dielectrics under High DC Electric Field Stress,” Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena—(CEIDP 2014), (Des Moines, IO, October 19-22, 2014), 4 pp.. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Materials Physics at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Conference Proceedings by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena—(CEIDP Pre-breakdown Arcing and Electrostatic Discharge in Dielectrics under High DC Electric Field Stress Allen Andersen and JR Dennison Materials Physics Group Utah State University 4415 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA Abstract— Highly disordered insulating materials exposed to model characterizes electrical aging in terms of recoverable high electric fields will, over time, degrade and fail, potentially defects that can be thermally annealed and irrecoverable causing catastrophic damage to devices. Step-up to electrostatic defects with higher energies such as bond breaking. We use discharge (ESD) tests were performed for two common polymer this model to make a statistical comparison of our arcing and dielectrics, low density polyethylene and polyimide. -
SAFETY STANDARD for HYDROGEN and HYDROGEN SYSTEMS Guidelines for Hydrogen System Design, Materials Selection, Operations, Storage, and Transportation
NSS 1740.16 National Aeronautics and Space Administration SAFETY STANDARD FOR HYDROGEN AND HYDROGEN SYSTEMS Guidelines for Hydrogen System Design, Materials Selection, Operations, Storage, and Transportation Office of Safety and Mission Assurance Washington, DC 20546 PREFACE This safety standard establishes a uniform Agency process for hydrogen system design, materials selection, operation, storage, and transportation. This standard contains minimum guidelines applicable to NASA Headquarters and all NASA Field Centers. Centers are encouraged to assess their individual programs and develop additional requirements as needed. “Shalls” and “musts” denote requirements mandated in other documents and in widespread use in the aerospace industry. This standard is issued in loose-leaf form and will be revised by change pages. Comments and questions concerning the contents of this publication should be referred to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Headquarters, Director, Safety and Risk Management Division, Office of the Associate for Safety and Mission Assurance, Washington, DC 20546. Frederick D. Gregory Effective Date: Feb.12, 1997 Associate Administrator for Safety and Mission Assurance i ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The NASA Hydrogen Safety Handbook originally was prepared by Paul M. Ordin, Consulting Engineer, with the support of the Planning Research Corporation. The support of the NASA Hydrogen-Oxygen Safety Standards Review Committee in providing technical monitoring of the standard is acknowledged. The committee included the following members: William J. Brown (Chairman) NASA Lewis Research Center Cleveland, OH Harold Beeson NASA Johnson Space Center White Sands Test Facility Las Cruces, NM Mike Pedley NASA Johnson Space Center Houston, TX Dennis Griffin NASA Marshall Space Flight Center Alabama Coleman J. Bryan NASA Kennedy Space Center Florida Wayne A. -
Explosive Safety with Regards to Electrostatic Discharge Francis Martinez
University of New Mexico UNM Digital Repository Electrical and Computer Engineering ETDs Engineering ETDs 7-12-2014 Explosive Safety with Regards to Electrostatic Discharge Francis Martinez Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/ece_etds Recommended Citation Martinez, Francis. "Explosive Safety with Regards to Electrostatic Discharge." (2014). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/ece_etds/ 172 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Engineering ETDs at UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electrical and Computer Engineering ETDs by an authorized administrator of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Francis J. Martinez Candidate Electrical and Computer Engineering Department This thesis is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication: Approved by the Thesis Committee: Dr. Christos Christodoulou , Chairperson Dr. Mark Gilmore Dr. Youssef Tawk i EXPLOSIVE SAFETY WITH REGARDS TO ELECTROSTATIC DISCHARGE by FRANCIS J. MARTINEZ B.S. ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING NEW MEXICO INSTITUTE OF MINING AND TECHNOLOGY 2001 THESIS Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science In Electrical Engineering The University of New Mexico Albuquerque, New Mexico May 2014 ii Dedication To my beautiful and amazing wife, Alicia, and our perfect daughter, Isabella Alessandra and to our unborn child who we are excited to meet and the one that we never got to meet. This was done out of love for all of you. iii Acknowledgements Approximately 6 years ago, I met Dr. Christos Christodoulou on a collaborative project we were working on. He invited me to explore getting my Master’s in EE and he told me to call him whenever I decided to do it. -
Development and Modeling of High Temperature
DEVELOPMENT AND MODELING OF HIGH TEMPERATURE POLYMERIC HEATER MAZIYAR BOLOURCHI Bachelor of Science in Chemistry City University of New York (York College) May 2001 Submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree MASTER OF SCIENCE IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING at the CLEVELAND STATE UNIVERSITY December 2007 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I would like to thank Roger Avakian and Dr. Dave Jarus of PolyOne Corporation for their guidance, support and mentorship. Their technical advice was essential in the progression and completion of this project and has taught me many valuable lessons. I am grateful to have had the opportunity to work under their guidance and direction. I would also like to thank my graduate advisor Dr. Nolan B. Holland for accepting this work as my graduate thesis research in addition to the continual support (editorial and visiting). My thanks also go to Dr. Surendra N. Tewari and Dr. George P. Chatzimavroudis for their roles as graduate committee members. Many other thanks to my colleagues Dr. Grant Barber, Charles McDaniel, John Papadopoulos and Dan Nash for their continual support in helping with process, aid and figures used in thesis and thanks to John Hornickel, PolyOne attorney, Jim Isner and Coleen McFarland of Polymer Diagnostics (PDI) for their guidance, safety concerns and continual support. Last but certainly not least, I must thank my wife and parents whom have made this all possible. DEVELOPMENT AND MODELING OF A HIGH TEMPERATURE POLYMERIC HEATER MAZIYAR BOLOURCHI ABSTRACT Polymers are generally known for their excellent insulative properties. The addition of carbonaceous fillers such as carbon black and graphite within a polymer matrix can impart electrical and thermal properties making them good conductors. -
Electrostatics and Its Hazards
A Study on Electrostatics and Its Hazards by NIRMALYA BASU (Master of Engineering in Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering) Date of Birth: May 3, 1984 Email: [email protected] Mobile: +919007757186 Address: 162/B/185 Lake Gardens, Kolkata, West Bengal, India, PIN: 700045. Contents Page 1. Introduction 1 2. Electrostatics in Liquids and Its Hazardous Implications 2 2.1. The Phenomenon of Flow Electrification 2 2.2. Hazards in the Industry 5 2.2.1. Metallic Fuel-handling Systems 6 2.2.2. Non-metallic Fuel-handling Systems 6 2.3. Liquid Charging Due to fragmentation and Hazards Arising Thereof 8 2.3.1. The Charging Phenomenon 8 2.3.2. Industrial Hazards 8 2.3.3. Remedial Measures 11 2.4. Standards on Recommended Practices 11 3. Electrostatics in Solids and Its Hazardous Implications 12 3.1. Phenomenon of Contact Charging or Tribocharging of Solids 12 3.1.1. Phenomenon of Charging of Two Metal Objects Brought in Contact with Each Other 12 3.1.2. Phenomenon of Contact Charging of Solids when Insulators are Involved 14 3.1.3. Charging of Two Identical Materials Brought in Contact with Each Other 18 3.1.4. Contact Charging of Granules 21 3.2. Hazards Caused in the Industry Due to Charging of Solids 21 3.2.1. Electrostatic Hazards in Particulate Processes 22 3.2.2. Electrostatic Hazards in the Semiconductor Industry 25 4. Principles of Fire 27 4.1. Combustion 27 4.2. Ignition: Piloted Ignition and Autoignition 27 4.3. Limits of Flammability 28 4.4. Fire Point 29 4.5. -
Electrostatic Discharge Analysis of Multi Layer Ceramic Capacitors
Electrostatic Discharge Analysis of Multi Layer Ceramic Capacitors Cyrous Rostamzadeh, Robert Bosch LLC – USA February 17, 2011 Cyrous Rostamzadeh, Senior IEEE Member, February 17, 2011 Mr. Kimball Williams Thank you for your Colossal Contributions and Dedication to IEEE EMC Society. You have educated, trained, inspired, managed and encouraged many of the EMC Engineers and Technicians in the SE Michigan area. You are well respected by everyone throughout the EMC Society and Automotive Community. I had the privilege to prepare this presentation, per your invitation, and I hope you will continue to guide the EMC Society long after your retirement from the Professional Responsibilities as of February 2012, thank you. Cyrous Rostamzadeh, Senior IEEE Member, February 17, 2011 Mr. Kimball Williams Cyrous Rostamzadeh, Senior IEEE Member, February 17, 2011 A privilege for me to be educated, mentored, collaborated with some of the finest minds of EMC… Cyrous Rostamzadeh, Senior IEEE Member, February 17, 2011 Dr. Al Reuhli (IBM) Dr.Clayton Paul Cyrous Rostamzadeh, Senior IEEE Member, February 17, 2011 Dr. Howard Johnson Signal Integrity 1994 2001 Cyrous Rostamzadeh, Senior IEEE Member, February 17, 2011 Professor Flavio Canavero Politecnico di Torino Professor Christos Christopouplos University of Nottingham Cyrous Rostamzadeh, Senior IEEE Member, February 17, 2011 Professor Sergio Pignari Politecnico di Milano Professor Farhad Rachidi Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL) Cyrous Rostamzadeh, Senior IEEE Member, February 17, 2011 ProfessorProfessor